Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TSE SUMTKK 'WATCHMAN, Established April, 1850. 1 Consolidated Aug. 2, 1SS1.1 !? i '1 i 1 4 I ? -ts is a S? ;fa i I? M M iS !ft :$ 'Be Just and Fear not?Let ail the ^nds then Aims t at. be thy Country's, thy God's, and Truth's." TKK TRUE SOrTflliON, Established Ja?*s 1866. Sew Series?Vol. II. No. 44 rrrs -vrv ^..ajzjmj ?ablislied OYcry Tuesday, ?BT TBS? Watchman and Southron Publishing f??- : Company, JSUMTER, S. C. TEEMS I s| r Two Dollars per annum?in advance. ADVEKTISSMSNTS . : Ow^qnaxe, first insertion..........$1 00 Ihwry subsequent insertion. ^? Contracts for three months, or longer will be- made at reduced rates. ~ ^ Jfl&commaniration- which subserve private ' Interests will be charged for as advertisements. C ? ^fl^tnaeries and tributes of respect will T>e Marriage notice? and notices of deaths pub lisb%i free. f?r job work or con tracts for advertising BMxeea^Watehman endSouthron, or apply at ^ tfc*Office, to G. OSTEEN, " ?Business Manager. |?KiTH UT THE SKY. that looks upward to the ikj rn aome transparent snmtaer night, .When mystic stars are burning bright, ^ i When there is nothing wide and high ^^^^'"fi^-whitiaadiauts the sight? Who that looks upward to the life We call eternal, and which seems Quiescent as the flow of streams, ? IJnmaxred by bitter death or strife, Ethereal as our dreams? p*f- i,: -Thinks that within the calmy vast* ^ " World-nature rolling overhead . Suns circle which are cold and dead, And spheres which blazed in ages pas' -: ti- iAre lifeless globes, that shed Ho glimmer through the lucent air, Yet whirl upon their unseen ways Like ghosts of other skies and days, J?*i*?hadows lingering darkly where 1 ancient splendor stays ? 1 As radient earth is bat the tomb Where death awaits behind its bars . * Hearts torn with many wounds and scars, ^itfajkj is an u a fathomed gloom? : A sepulchre of stars. Harper's Magazine. Good and Bad Cooking. ;-v House-keepers or cooks do a vast iainoimt of mi*hief by tire perversion of taste, and the subsequent derange xaent of rife stor?aeh. Making sour bread is one of their most common ?ca. Many- do not know when bread is soar, and supply it with a distinct ly acid flavor, believing thai it is Kery *a?ce/ because it is so very light. bread is soar only vinous firmeutation has to the acetic. Bread is sour as soon as it tastes at all sour. This may go on increasing,, but to the best bread-maker the least acid flavor is a source, of grief. Really good bread is positively sweet, and will be jm-t as light and spongy as the nicest sour bread, ff good material and proper care are used. In families where the taste is perverted by sour bread, other abominations are usually tolerated? biscuit tasting either of excess of ,soda, or of bitter buttermilk; vegeta blesseasoned with bad butter, pie crust strong!y flavored with lard or tallow; cake tasting of rancJd butter, etc. Along with this diet naturally goes a deal *of spicing to cover the bad flavors, or much washing down with hot, strongly seasoned cofiee or .Soor bread is never good in and children prefer to lunch on jn?*br cake, rather than on sour bread and milk or butter. The whole faini . Ij eat as little bread as possible, and the batcher's bill is very heavy?and they call all this 'good living!' Just - count the empty bottles labelled 'Bitters' or 'Blood Purifier/ that lie around the house, where sour bread and 'good living* (as generally un deretood), either or both hold sway ! Tbe plainest food can be made to taste very good simply by selecting, preparing, and preserving it. Those . who. eat food selected and prepared with chief reference to its nourishing qualities, eating moderately to grati fy a natural appetite, instead of a morbid craving, really enjoy eating more than the gormand or glutton, whose chief pleasure is in eating, and who mast have everything fixed up 'good/ with condiments or hot sauces, and washed down with stimulants. He becomes incapable of detecting and appreciating delicate flavors, and so wears out the sense of taste, that J it is bard work to find anything that be can relish; while a dish of good bread and good unskimmed milk, deems very delicious to people with \ wndepraved appetites. Recently I beard a little girl who does not like bread and milk, say of a piece of < bread and butter, that 'no cake could taste betterI' The bread was made , of good whole wheat flour, stirred up witb nothing but water, and baked in gem irons, it was spread with creamy butter, and I think any one to be pitied who would not like the taste of such gems and such butter. .Thorough chewing adds to the plea of the sense of taste, this taste ? besides in ffie tongue, and in the soft .'palate and its arches. One common way.of abusing the sense of taste is, by eating fast with very little chew ing; se that tho food is not retained in the mouth long enough to give the nerves of taste a chance to fairly taste the quality of the food eaten. But . - for this rapid eating, and washing down with agreeably flavored drinks, much that is usually eaten would be * rejected as either bitter or tasteless. ?American Agricullurut. Origin of 'Bogus/ The State of Georgia has made a cu rioufl and suggestive contribution to the vocabulary of the English language, Webster's dictionary gives the defini tion of the word 'bogus'?'spurious: a east term, originally applied to coun feit coin, and hence denoting anything counter feit?(American/) The word ur of Georgia origin. William A. Bo gus was a Georgia land lottery com B*wsioner years ago, caught in rascality in connection with his office. He was an iasuer of fraudulent land rights. It was curious that this* obscure Georgia camp should have furnished oar veroa tgisr with a g?naiue Dam a for every [From the Darlington News.] Economy in Manures. CONTINUED. In former articles upon the sources of nitrogen I have treated so fully of the subject that it may not be neces sary to say much. The two availa ble sources of nittogen to us are its organic and inorganic compounds. Nitrogen in its pure state is not re garded by scientists as available to plant food. In combination with hy j drogen it forms ammonia, and with ! oxygen, nitric acid. In these two I conditions it is taken up by the plant I and becomes one of its most necessary ! ingredients. Of the organic com pounds of it, we have animal refuse ! and manures, cotton seed and meal, I and vegetable matter grown in the shape of crops for thac purpose and ploughed in. Of the inorganic we can get nitrate*of soda and sulphate I of ammonia; which of these is the j I best and cheapest ? 1 put them in the I I order in which I regard them from j actual test: 1st cotton seed and meal; 2nd hog-pen and stable manure ; 3rd, peas ploughed in; 4th, nitrate of soda ; 5th, sulphate of. ammonia. I have put the organic compounds of nitrogen first, because from actual test they have proven the best. I know of no scientific reason why they should be so, nor do I put any confi dence in the theory of Prof. Maper, but from experiment of cotton seed and nitrate of soda with the same es timated quantity of nitrogen in each, the cotton seed yielded the largest crop. The amount of nitrogen iti cotton seed is estimated at ?r? per cent. In cotton seed meal about three times as much. Pound for pound the meal is worth about three times as much for manure as the seed. It takes three pounds of seed to make oue of meal, so that there is no economy to us, in dividually, in selling our seed and buying the meal. But when we con sider that the oil of the seed which is of no value as a manure, but is of so much value as food and adds so much to the profit of a cotton crop, it be comes a question whether it is not our duty as a people, to establish I mills in our midst and sell all of our seed to them and buy back or ex change for the meal and use it as ma- j nure, or what is far better, for food j I for cattle and sheep and find a sub- j j slitute for it in the organic compounds of nitrogen or in tbe pea crop, stable and hog-pen manures. I rank those next to cotton seed in j value, in cost and production. A } load of thirty bushels of cotton seed I is equal in productive value (as far as j my experience goes) to thirty cart loads of stable manure and I may say } ! a hundred cart loads of such stuff as j we haul out from our lots and call I manure, a thorough compound of j ninety-nine parts of piue straw and one of dung. In estimating the value of a manure j the cost of its application is to be j considered, and if the stable manure bad a much higher relative value in comparison with cotton seed, the cost i of hauling and spreading would make | it less. 1 have sometimes the pleasure of j reading in Northern agricultural! journals the idea of Northern fanners j as to Southern agriculture. One of the most favored ones is that we 1 should not buy commercial manures, J butkt ?p more stock to make manure I for our farms. Ours is not a stock j j country : we have no natural grass j to feed animals. All the food we i give to stock must come fron the j cultivation of the soil by manual Sa bor. It will not pay to feed corn that; i costs one dollar a bushel to make j ! stock to sell, unless at a much higher j j price than they now command. Our \ j true policy is to keep only stock ! ! enough to supply the actual needs cf I labor and food for ourselves, and not! one pound to sell. Some people seem j to think that a horse or cow's stem-1 ach is a laboratory for tbe mauufac- j lure of manure, or that a bushel of i corn in passin g through it was in- j creased in value, not knowing, or for-! getting that manure was only the re- ! fuse matter that was not assimilated i by the animal in its flesh and bones. ; If I could buy corn at twenty-five! cents a bushel i would sooner grind I it up and use it as manure than to feed : to stock at present prices, i mean ! as a matter of economy and profit. : I know of no better manure than corn j meal or wheat bran. PEA CROP. In a former article in this paper on | the pea as a source of nitrogen, I i think this subject is exhausted. If j the planting and plowing in of the ! crop did not necessarily come on at! the time it does, when we are ab- i sorbed with the cotton crop, it would i be a better and cheaper source of j nitrogen than anything else, and it j would be well for us to ffjve uo more j time and labor to it even at the ex | pense of a less area of cotton. Nitrate of soda and sulphate ot i ammouia?I have used both of these ; ?the nitrate of soda on a larger ! scale than Hie sulphate of ammonia, j I prefer the former because there is ' less adulteration in it than in the latter. They are cosily and the profit i from them is less than from the other sources of ammonia of which i have; treated. In the*absence of the other ; they may be used to some profit. [To U Continued.] I -mm-**-*-j Corn Beer. Ingredients : One gallon of warm water, one pint of New Orleans syrup, ! or good molasses, one pint of boiled j corn, half a pint of good hop yeast, | tablespoonful of ground g'nger. ] Boil the corn until soft, but not till! the husk cracks ; put all the ingredi-! ents in a jug together, shake it, set it j away and in warm weather, it will be j fit for use in a few hours, in cold weath-1 er it will take it one or two days to i ferment. Syrup is better than molas-! ses, it is easier to ferment. The; same corn will answer for several weeks. It is best to have two jugs and fill one every night; then you can have good beer all the while j without waiting fcr it to ferment. ! This is a splendid drink, and very wholesome, also very cheap. Convict Labor vs. Freo Labor The question of bringing convict labor iu competition with free labor is now receiving a good deal of attention in all the States, and not from the working classes only, but from all right thinking and fair minded men. When a person is sent to the peniten tiary it is for a crime committed, and for which he is *o be punished, and an effort made to improve his moral con dition. Now, is it right for a State to bring the labor of its convicts in compe tition with free labor ? Justice, would yon say, no! It is true, the institution should be, and can be, made self-sup porting ; but it can be done without resorting to the present, system of man agement adopted by the penitentiary officials. A convict can be hired for less mon ey and be made to do more work in a day (working them from twelve to fif teen hours each day) than can consist ently be expected of a free laborer. Tbe product of the convict's labor, \ therefore can be sold in the market at a j lower price than that of the free labor er, thus receiving a preference over the work from free labor, and* forcing the j price of free labor down, in order that the employer of free labor may, be able to compete in bis prices with tbe em ployer of convicts. The free laborer has himself and his family, probably five persons in all, to support with bis labor, while the convict is to support himself alone, the larger part of the profit from his labor going to the con tractor ; hence the State is virtually compelling its well-behaved citizens to work for lower wages than than justice should demad, or quit their occupation and go at something else, thus discrim ination in favor of the criminal while the State itself is not in reality much the gainer. Again we would ask is the peniten tiary established for the purpose of bringing in a revenue to the State V Not at all. It is for punishing crimi nals, aud as long as it can be made j self-supporting without bringiug their: work in competition with free labor it should be done. We have highways, bridges, canals, etc. that need repairs, j and for which repairs money has to be paid out of the public treasury ; why : not then put these criminals at work at repairs and save that money to the State, and at t^e same time remove this competition with free labor? Wei mean to say that public work should be j done by public servants, especially when these servants cost the State Both- | ing but their keeping:. We have uo doubt but that there "-Till | arise up a number of persons to op- j pose any scheme that may be proposed ! for stopping this conipetion of convict' labor, but those persons are the inter-i ested ones who reap the profit of the ! convict labor. The answer that labor j is worth only what it will bring, will, do when it is free labor competing against free labor, but when it comes to putting convict labor against it, ir is j wrong; it is uuwise legislation, and is] an injustice by a legislator, to his eou siiiutents when he tolerates it. We .-in cerely trust that tbe evil wiil be stop-1 ped and the free laborer shall have to | contend only against free labor. We j We ask it in justice to the working man.?Camden .Journal. Alken's Views. Hon. D. Wyatt Aiken made a char acteristic speech in Greenville lately. It was in the interest of the Green ville Fair and at the exhibition of Jersey cattle in that city, lie ad vocated hog raising, and the repeal of] the lien law. He condemned the change in the usury law, stating that the change had increased the value of money from seven to ten per cent. The Legislature might just as well have fixed the.price of bacon as of money which was not a commodity-, j He further said : 'The management of the peniten tiary was improper. Instead of let- j ting out the convicts to railroads they were putting them to work for North ern capitalists inside the walls, com peting with honest labor. The con vict who was sent to the penitentiary for burglary was taught how to make shoes and stockings ; when his time was out he was an expert mechanic and competed with the honest me chanic. That ex-convict was without character or morals, yet he became the competitor with upright men. He loses his morals, and ought not to compete with mechanics. It had not been two days since he had read an article in the Neic* in reference to the public roads. This was where the convicts ought to be cracking stone ; then we would soon have McAdani ized roads all over the State. There was ho greater farce in existence than the present road system/' He aiso opposed the exemption of factories from taxation. A Street Car Scene. An amusing incident occurred on a street-ear the other day. A woman of fifty made up to look about twenty-a vc years oid, gu- aboard at a crossing to find every seat occupied. She stood for a moment, and then selecting a poorly dressed man. about forty-live years of age, she observed : 'Are there uo gentlemen :u this car V 'Indeed, I dun no/ he ret died as :: looked up and down. 'If there ;;i.;'i and vou are going clear through, i ll hunt up one for you at the end of the line.' There was an embarrassing silence for j a moment, and then a light \ rokc i;: on j him all of a sad ien, aud he arose and j =anl 1. 'You can have; this seat, madam. 1 j am alias willing to stand up and give j my seat to anybody older than myj rlf.' That decided her. She gave him a I o in;: look which he will not forg.it dying day, and grabbing, the strap, she refused s<> sit down, even when five scars had become vacant.?Nw i /;. Herald. nwmMjF**- -f> o 'The best conductor of electricity at j present known is silver.' The bi st con- j ductor into 'society 'at present known is j gold. It used to be brains.?Norris town Herald. That Bad Boy 'There, yon drop that,7 said the grocery man to the bad boy, as he came limping: in the store and began to finable around a box of strawberries. 'I have never kicked at your eating my cod-fish, and cracker?, and cheese, and herring, an?:1 apples, but there has got. to be a dividing line some where, and I make it at strawberries at six shillings a bo::, and only two layers in a box. I only bought one box, hoping" .some plumber or gas man would corne along and bin* it, and by gam, everybody that has been in the store has sampled a sfrawbeny out of that box, shivered as though it was sour, and gone o:f without asking the price," and the grocery man look ed mad, took a hatchet and knocked in the head of a barrel of apples, and said, 'there, help yourself to dried ap ples.' '0, I don't want your strawberries or dried apples/ said the boy as he leaned against a show case and look ed at a bar of red transparent soap. I was only trying to fool you. Say, that bar of soap is old enough to vote. I remember of seeing it in the show case when I was about a year old, and pa came in here with me and held me up to the show case to look at that tin tobacco-box. and that round zinc look ing glass, and the yellow wooden1 pocket comb, and the soap looks just I the same, only ajittlefaded. If you i would wash yourself once in a while J your soap wouldn't dry up on your [ hands,' and the boy sat down on the i cliairwithout any back, feeling that he was even with the grocery man. 'Yon never mind the soap. It is paid for, and that is more than your lather can say about the soap that has ! been used in his house the past! month,* said the grocery man, as he j split up a box to kindle the are with. j 'But we won't auarrei. What was it j I heard about a band serenading you. ! father, and his inviting them in to j lunch V j -Don't let that out, or pa will kill me I dead. It was a joke. One of these ! Bohemian bands that goes about town ! playing tunes, for pennies, was over j on the ncxl street, and I told pa I I guessed some of Iiis friends who hud heard we had a baby at the house, i j had hired a band and was coming in j a few minutes to serenade him, and I he better prepare to make a speech, j Pa is proud of being a father at his age, and lie thought it was no more I than right for the neighbors to sere I hade hirn, and h^ went to loading j himself tor a speech, in the library, j and me and my churn wont out. and j I told the leader of the band there was j ! a family ap there that wanted to have j j some music, and they didn't care for expense, so they quit blowing where I they was and come n<rht along. I I:: ? o I I None of them could understand Eng ! lish except the leader, und he only j ' understood enough to go and take a j I drink when he is invited. My chnta | j steered the baud t<> our house and got j I them to play 'Babies in our Block,' j I and 'Baby Mine,' and I stopped all i ! the men who were croincr home and i I toio thorn to wait a minute and they would see some fun, so wl\en the band got through the second tune, and the Prussians were emptying the j beer out of their horns, and pa stepped j out on the porch, there was more nor j a hundred people in front of the [ house. You'd a dine to see pa when he put his hand in the breast of his j coat and struck an attitude. lie I I looked like a congressman, or a j i tramp. The baud was scared, 'cause I they thought he was mad, and some i I of them were going to run, thm tving j j he was going to throw pieces of a | bilck house at them, but v,>.y chum J arid the leader kept them. Then pa | sailed in. He commenced, 'Fellow ! J Citizens,' and then went way back to I Adam and Eve, and worked up to the j j present day. giving a history of the ! j notable people who had acquired { j children, and kept the crowd interest- '> I ed. I felt Sony for pa, cause 1 knew ! I how he would feel when he came to j find out he had been sold. The Bo-: I hemians in the ham: that couldn't j understand English, looked at each J other, and wondered what it was all I about, and finally pa wound up by ! stating that it was every citizen's duty to own children of his own, and Lheu he invited the band and the j crowd in to take some refreshments. Weil, you ought to have seen that I I band come in the house. They Jell J I over each other getting in, and the j crowd went home, leaving pa and my i chum and me and tin.' band. Eat? ! j Well I should smile. They just ' i reached for things, and talked Bohe-! i rnian. Drink ? Oh, no! i eruess! j they didn't pour it down. Fa opened a dozen bottles of champagne, and j they fairly bathed in it, as V. ongh J I thev had a {ire inside. Pa tried to talk ! j witn the n about ihe baby, but they couldn't undeistand, and Sually they : j got full and started out and the leader | ;;skcvl pa for three dollars, and that j ; In.dee him up. Fa told the leader he [ ' supposed the gentlemen who got up I tl;c Serenade had paid for the mush-, j and the leader pointed to me and said I 1 was the gentleman who go I if up. I Pa paid him, but in* hail wicked look in his eye, ai.d me an?! my churn ! i.l. i.;;: ant! the BoheiM aus came down the street biliu' full, with their horns 1 on their arms and they were talking ' Bohemian lor all tha! was out. Ti:ey stopped i.; front ot a vacant Inmse a'id i rjiJay, but you couhln t tell ! what tune it was, they were so fail, j and a pulicomau came al??ng and drove iii ;:i home, i guess i wid j sle'.p a- the livery stable lo-night, j 'Cause pa is < oil unreasonable when i anything c^sts hmi three dollars, he- ; sides I lie champagne.' Weil, yon vo made a pretty mess ; of it,'said the LV-'i::;*'"y man. 'It's a; wonder your pa does not kill you. !?':!. what i > it [ hear about the trou b:? -it the church I They by that: f lishm ss to you.' ! 'It's all a lie. They lay everything j to me. It is some of them ducks that j s;i,4? in the choir. I was iust as i much surprised as anybody, when it 1 occfined. You see our minister is1 laid up from the eilect of the ride iol the funeral, when he tried to run over ; a street car, and an old deacon, svJaO j had symptoms of being a minister in ; his youth, was invited to take the. minister's place, and talk a little, tie ; is an absent-minded old pasty, who 1 don't keep up with the events of the j day, and whoever played it on hfm | knew he was too pious to even read i tin; daily papers. There was a notice ; of a choir meeting to be read, and I j think the tenor smuggled in the other j notice, between that and the one ' about the weekly prayer meeting. ! Anyway it wasn't me, and it like to j broke up the meeting. After the j deacon read the choir notice he took up the other one and read.. 'I am re quested to announce the Y. M. 0. Association will give a friendly en-1 tertainment with soft gloves, on Tues day evening, to which all are invited.' Brother John Sullivan, the eminent Kosten revivalist, will lead the cxer-j cises, assisted by Brother Slade, Maori i missionary from Australia. There | will be no slugging, but a collection ; will be taken at the door to defray j expenses.' Well, I thought the peo- i pie in church would sink through the floor. There was not a person in the [ church, except the old deacon but: what understood that some wicked j wretch had deceived him, and I know ; by the way the tenor tickled the so- : prano, that he did it. I may be mean, j but everything I do is inno- j cent, and I wouldn't be as; mean as a choir singer for two dol-j lars. I felt real sorry for the deacon, j but he never knew what ho had done, ! and I think it would be real mean to toil him. He won't be at. the slug- ; ging match. That remark about i taking a collection settled the deacon, j I must go down to the stable now and help grease a hack. s<> you will have to excuse me. If pa comes here look ing lor me, tell him you heard I was going to drive a picnic party out to! Wankesha. and may not be back in a week. By that time pa will got over j that Bohemian serenade,' and the boy I filled his pistol pocket with dried apples and went out and hung a sign : in front of the grocery, 'Strawberries two shiUm' a smell and duo smell is j enuff.' j His Distress Signal. A colored man was busily engaged j in sawing wood for Gol. Powis when the latter observed that the bosom of i the n;an and brother was adorned by ; an Odd Fellows' brcas.'-ptu. I>o the white Odd Vei-o^s n?3 the colored Odd Fellows in Austin a?S!i ate? 'Don't MIJyatc wuf a cuss, but dey ' helps eac!) other out.' 'Well, that/s the .vaaie thine, ain't j il?'T ... / -! 'No sar : hits not do same ting.' What's the differer'ee V The colored mau st?pned sawing j wood a^d made the following explana- I tion : 'Last week when dat norther was a freezing the marrow in yer Bones, [ wea'. into der saloon of a v;hire man what-totes ch very same emblem. I. was <t? distress, ra.o distress, a:? T hadn't bad a dram dar, morning : so I! gio hini the signal of distress.' Did he respond 'C 'lie didn't gib de proper response, j De proper response would had beeu to had rubbed bib lefc ear v.dd his right hand, and to hah sot out do bottle.' 'Then lie did not respond correctly V j 'No, sah ; he made a notion at the doah wid one hand, and reached ender ; fie bar wid de odder. I made dc God j fellers' signal of distress once tnoab. j and den sumSn hard hit me on dc beau ; and knocked mo clean out inter dc \ street. Hit was the bung-starter: ' D'.-y don't Sllyate, hut dey helps each I odder out inter de street wid do bung- ! starter, but don'f git no help to buy : garden seeds at Dr. DeLorme's when j times is hard an' nuances skeerce.' Layering the Grape Vine. Some of the hard-wooded varieties j of the grape are propagated from cut-j tings with so much difficulty that j nurserymen resoit to layering. 1 Amateurs who wish to propagate only : a few vines, will find layering a de-j j sirable method even with those that I grow readily from cuttings, as it will j I give them much stronger plants than can be produced in the same time in any other manner. Layering is done' with the ripe wood?the canes of last sea S son's growth, and with the new j i shoots of the current season. The ; time for operating with the ripe wood j has gone by for this season, be.L green i j wood layers may be made as soon as j i tiie shoots have become sufficiently ! ! strong to be handled without break j ing. The shoots at first are exceed- ! i ingly tend, rand readily snap oil at ; ! tin; "joints." About midsummer, ; i when they have become more woody, ! bend down a shoot in such a manner as to allow a portion of it to be laid ii. a small trench and covered with ! live or six inches <d sr.;!. Remove the leaves from the part f<< be buried, ; and tie the above-ground end to a stake. To keep the soil over the buried portion moist, cover it with >. mulch ofsomekind. A tint stone laid upon the surface at this point serves to prevent evaporation and::? the same time helps hold the shoot ::: j place, ."lost varieties treated in Luis j i.) Ulm r will b<' abundantly supplied with roots l>-.- the end of the season of] growth, and may tle-t) be transplan ted i to tlu: place tin y are o? occupy'.? ?iHCi'ican . \'jri;:i'Uni'ix! for June. ' p. h.-. i e? op c;? The two coats of paint on the ' Etaoklyu biidge weigh I ).;Mi;.> iVs.. I but ti; whoo; we; rat -\ Steel in too : air is J :,'? ' '> ton <. and the load it. is; expected always '.? b i.v\ing is "l.lUO j tons* more, making i-..^-1 tons. But j eaciroftoe four cables will hohl un more than o<>,!,,:i> ; * * n. [ 'orty-tlvo thousand persons can pass nvt r the . bridge hourly without crowding one another;SO.000 mere can be carried j each hour in the ear:-, and vehicles may traverse :i in one day be- j tween daylight and dark. -rtxy .gam rXonny lost hi-^ knife. After search- i ing in one pocket and auother, until he had been .through all, without success, j he exelaiioed : Oh dear I I wish I had ; another packet ; it might be in that.' i Arp?s Eefiecuons. IIIS riTTLOSOPIIY TTJR^S IXTO TUE TARIFF CJIAXXEL. Kaden't wo better go a little slow about this tariff business ? I'm afraid it's a tricky horse or mule that bucks his rider or a gun that kicks back wards." What we all want to do, you know, is to get into office and run the government, and capture the! treasury, and grow fat on the spoils, ; and. incidently save the nation. We I Democrats want revenue, and we; want protection, and if anybody " knows which is the best way to se- j cure these great blessings, why of i course Fm for that way, but 1 am get-1 ting powerful dubus about the horse, j The tariff has always been an unpop-1 ular thing with the people?sorter : like death and taxes?everybody tries j to postpone the one and dodge the! other. The very name of it sounds like an oppression while free trade j carries with it an idea of liberty and j equal rights to all. History says that a long time ago a barbarian, whose name was Tariffa, came over from j Africa and settled on the bluff by the straits of Gibraltar, and he made every boat that passed pay toll on every-; thing it carried, and he and his clan got rich off of these spoils, and after awhile these tolls were called the tariff, and all such exactions from the trading people have had that name to this day and it is looked upon as a bar barian business. Nevertheless all civilized governments have a tariff for revenue, and our people have lived under this sort of machinery for j over a hundred years and I reckon we ! can continue to live under it. What I'm dubus about is the propriety of our Southern people raising much of a rumpus against a little protection just at this particular time. We are I trying to encourage manufactures and manufacturer- need protection, | arid they can't live without it. Foreigners can deliver pig iron in our ports at seven dollars a ton and we can't make it at home for less than i twelve dollars. It is all stuff about ; our iron men at Birmingham making 1 it at nine dollars. They never have j done it and they never will while j they pay fair, living wages to tlie j workmen. But suppose that Bir-j raingham can make it at that, no other J place can, and we must take the! average. Georgia and Alabama and j Tennessee have got millions invested j in that business, and we don't want to cripple our own people. If they are making too much and are getting bloated, let us take off a little protec tion?but do it by degrees?regulate '.em like vre regulate the railroads, but don't cripple "em for there are thousands of poor families dependent upon these iroi, works. Farming don't pay a poor farmer on poor land, and farming wants protection more than anything, but I don't see how it is to get it, and because it don't pay any better, our poor people have to work in this iron business. I don't believe the average farmer gets more than fifty cents a dav for his labor. There are thousands of them who don't get the half of it. I heard a Taiktdega man say the other day that farm labor was the poorest paid labor in north Alabama and would not average mere than thirty cents to the hand. He didn't mean hirelings, but meant the farmer who worked for himself on his own land or on rented laud. The papers make much ado over Mr. Furmaa's success, and a few others, and over truck farming, and peach growing, which is all very well and very encouraging, and hope ful, but the average farmer has no such advantages. Joe Brown pays his nig gers a dollar a day to dig ore in his mines. Railroads pay about the same, car builders and foundries pay it, but the farmer can't do it. He can't pay mere than the half of it and come oat even ; and he wouldn't get j any Hands at all if the darkies dident have families and wanted to work where their children could help 'em. Farming is a slow way to make money, but then there is a law of com pensation about everything in this life, and farming has its blessings that other pursuits do not have. The farmers belongs to nobody, lie is the freest man upon earth and the most independent. He has more latitude and longitude. He has a CT house in the country with plenty of pure air and good water. If lie makes but little in the field, he has no occa sion to spend but little. lie can raise iiis own h"gs, and sheep, and cattle and chickens. His wood costs noth ing and the luxury of big back logs a?:d blazing fires in open fire places all winter long, is something that eity people long for, but cannot af ford. IvLy own farm cost me seven thousand dollars. I have 120 acres of open land in good condition, and it yi.ei.ds me on an average about five dollars an acre over all expenses. Say nine per cent, noon the investment. Well, that is mighty little, consider ing my own labor arid supervision. I've seen the time when I made five times as much without any capital except my head. Bui then we have to keep a pair of horses to ride around and they have to be fed from the tarn-. Th :re are little le.-.ks all round, but still we are happier On the farm than we were in the town and lee! more secure from the ills of life. \\ e tear no p -s..;imice or disease, no bur glars or thieves We lock no doors, ? ... and Arp has ?mit looking under tl.o bed lor a man. I love ! > hear the churn dasSier splashing in the butter milk. 1 love to hear the roosters crow and tin? peacock holler, and see martins railing around the martin goards. ! love t.? hear a nabur si.c> and cliat about the growing crops. : U?ve to take the children with me { > the water mill and fish below the dam amid the roar of lalPug waters, or padoW; around the pond in an old leaky ha! can 1 love to wander through the woods and glades and wear old clothes that can't get no older or dirtier and e,<'t caught in a shower of rain if I want to. Old ( man Horace remarked about tc/o ! thousand years ago that the town was j the best place tor a rich man to live 1 I in, and the country was the host, j ; place for a poor man to die in, and in-! ! asmucb as riches were uncertain and I I death was sure, it becomes a prudent man to move to the country as soon as he can get there. Farmers have their ups and downs of course, j but they dont collapse and burst up j like tradesmen. They don't go down i under a panic. Ten years ago nearly ! all the iron men broke or suspended, j and they are on the lookout now for ! another squall, and I don't want the I squall to com*1 from anything our j party will do when we get in the j government wagon and begin to pull the reins over the dashboard. Let us go slow and let everybody down easy. I do not think it is good , policy for our newspapers to say very j much on the tariff question. Touch j it up tenderely, handle it gingerly, for j it is a dangerous old gun, and kicks j j awfully when overloaded. They j ; might shoot a blank cartridge or burst! j a cap occasionally, but we must all ! I be careful or the Deruocratie log will j ! split into pieces in this tariff business, j There are some cracks in it now. j Let us say to the country that the I tariff is now very unequal and unsatis factory, and we intend to make it all j right and do everybody justice ; but j I don't go into details?make no speci ! fications, but generalize?votes are ! what we want?votes enough to ; elect. Let the newspapers go slow., i ! but let our candidates promise every-1 j thing to everybody. General Forney j must promise protection to iron in \ north Alabama, and Geneial Some ! body must promise to have everything j free somewhere else. Fit the promise I to the people and when we ail get j j into office we can harmonize on the ' ! spoils. I wonder what will become ; of these office holders when 'we uns' ! get in next year. I'm gelling sorry j for 'emin advance for I don't know I what they will do for a living. They i have held ofiice so long they arc not fit j for any other business and I am afraid I they will perish to death or fall on the County. But then I reckon they will pick up some little something and ?put it away before we turn 'em out. I reckon they will, j Bill An?. ; Kews and Gossip. i _ I Mr. Langtry is living in a little ; Welsh village, und receives, an 3<]nglish j journal announces, a weekly remittance j ; from his wife of ?3 3s. j The need of the age is not only a{ j stronger nail, but also a nail that can j j be driven by a woman. One with a i ; head about tb? size of a trade dollar. i The Georgia Major calculates that I the national debt could be paid with . the amount due newspaper offices by i delinquent subscribers. Two negro prisoners attacked Sheriff ; Spofford in the Chesterfield county Jail ! on Saturday. He defeated their at ; tempt to escape, but will probably lose I his eyesight from the gouging they '. gave him during his gallant fight. It is stated that of the six first stu ! dents in the graduating class at West ; Point this year, three are from the I South, two from Ohio and one from Pennsylvania. Taking all the classes, j South Carolina stands higher than any I other State. Last year of the six I highest graduates four were from the j West. j Gen. Longstreet said to a New j York World interviewer, Sunday : j "We are bending all our energies to I attract Northern capital to develop our j great industrial and mineral resources." ! We had better bend ail our energies to save our own capital and develop our own resources. ! The school houses of South Carolina I average in cost ?47. In North Caro ; Una they average much better than we supposed??130. In Virginia they ! average ?491; in Tennessee ?262. i This is for the South. Go North and j you 2nd comfort 'and luxury. The : average in Illinois is ?1.330 : in Ohio, j ?1.800 ; in Now York ?2,5S0. The Fdgefield Chronicle contains a i paragraph stating that a young man of \ that town wants a mother-in-law or a girl without a mother. Friends I McS weeny of Hampton, Wilson of j Abbeville and Holmes of Barnwell j each want a girl, but the mother-in-law I business is what makes hem rather en i dnre the ills they have than fly to those : they know not of. The Edgefield chap j ; must be a brave mau. The Atlanta Journal says: "When Georgia gets her school of technology it will dawn upon the people that quite j a number of our young men have hrain< enough not. to be lawyers and doctors." It is necessary to Have | brainy attorneys and physicians, but it is a. sin to turn a mechanical genius into a poor limb of the (aw or a miserable ;surgeon. A horrible story comes from New York of a young mcdieal student who recently returned ro that city fror.) his home in Cleveland, Ohio, after having J attended the funeral of a young and j beautiful sisrer. On he first visit t<> ' the dissecting room he was attracted to j a corpse bv the ribaldry of his fellow ! I ... 1 students who were dissecting it, and j uis< 7e red that it was the body of his? sister. Ce is now hopelessly insane j from the Shock. Lafavette carried an infant son of! "Corn Planter," a chief of one of the j Six Nations, to France and educated j him in all the accomplishments of a j young man of rank. When he return-! ed to America, accompanied by a lady j of great beauty and good family, there was no ;":;ut gentleman in the New j vVorid. Yet-within twenty-four hours! ho was f und, in the streets of Boston I drank, wrapped in a tattered Mauket, j and surrounded by a part y of his savage j countrymen. Next day be deserted h;s i French friends, and when Aaron Burr was travelling from Canada to New i York, in 17SD, he found the unfortu- j Date wife of the irreclaimable savage ' wandering in the woods, cruelly mal- j treated, stripped of her properly, al most naked, and subsisting on berries I and wild fruit. 'No kiss.' ho said pleadingly, 'no kiss from my darling to-night?' 'No!' she said emphatically, 'no kiss?1 hear there j are mumps iu your family. [Written for the Watchman and Southron.]: Life in the Mountains. No. 2. I have already intimated that the winters here, yre less comfortable than tbej are on your side of the ridge; but here we are ex empt from hurricane's and "storms" asthe wo men call them, fhe mountains breaking their force so that they are comparatively harm less. Not only so, but we have none of the' calm, sultry nights that you have in summer, but always a cool breeze that superinduces the' soundest kind of sleep. And, last andleast, we have no Moscatoes. Very many families may be found among the mountains who have very little literary information. But among this class of our population there is more quickness and strong common sense than among the same class of people any where in a flat country. I don't pretend to say why, but just give the facts. Another gmt source or pleasure is, Hay good's ' Brethren in Black," are largely in the minority here. They make no fuss about office, equality or education ; and, as to work, they are scrupulously careful not to hurt themselves, in the first place, and in the second place to be sure to get what they do work for in silver, if possible. We all pre fer white lal>or vheo ws c.n get it. By the way. how can there be such aa astonishing increase in this class of peop'e, for the last ten years? Don't everybody know that their' mortality is twice as heavy as tbe same num ber of whites in o:tr towns, cities, and town ships? And yet some \ankee swell-head says, they will out vote the whites in the Southern States, in less than 20 years. I guess when that happens, there will be two Tuesdays in? one week, and out voting the whites will be' done on the second Tuesday. I see the Executive Committee of Slater's .Million favors the schools where agricultural and Mechanical labor is inculcated. I think their heads a little more level than the donor. I am clearly of the opinion that if the day ever comes, that northern (pretending) sym pathizers let the negro o lone, he will do as well as could be expected, for himself, and will be1 harmless to the country. Next week I will try to stick a little closer to my text. Truly, etc. j. w. vandiver; Weaverville. N. C. Letter from Pennsylvania, Beaver Pa., May 24th, I883v Editor Watchmen and Scuthron: At midnight on the 70th of May, we left Surater en route for Pittsburg, Pa. Tbe night was clear and coo!. Nearly every object could be distinctly observed in the moon light. Some seven months ago, when tbe larpie comet of '32 looked down upon us, I passed over the same route, and the coun try presented the same general aspect, when viewed by moonlight, ss it did at that time in the misty gray of early room. At 1 35 a. m., we arrived at Florence, at which place we changed cars for Wilming ton, acd at an early hour we rolled into the latter city, where thirty .minutes were allowed us for refreshments. After changing cars at' Wilmington we were soon wending our way, at the rate of thirty miles an hour, towards Washington City. On the way we crossed over rivers and swamps; passed through forests,, towns and villages: and all along the route we could see tbe busy agiicultunst at work in his field. Here and there were some fine fields of oats, corn and cotton, but none of them compared with those in the vicinity, of Suaiter. At almost every station the train was in fesud with strawberry venders. Near Wel don, N. C, I noticed a large field of straw berries, iu which, from appearance, there were from 75 to 100 persons engaged in pick ing the juicy berry. The scenery along the route was rather monotonous until we came in the vicinity of Richmond, where it was more beautiful and elevated. The city, with its mills and fac tories, good market, and healthy location, i orlers great inducement? to any who wish to ' settle ia tbe South, either for business or I pleasure. Shortly after leaving Samter, I met with a I man hailing from New York, and, as our eb 1 ject was the same, we remained together. We reached Washington at 9.30 7. m., and I after obtaining a room at Hp".' . -ard House i were soon wrapped in sluiuoer. Early in the morning we were astir, and it waj not a great while before we set about ia visiting the different places of interest. Tbe first place of any note, was the Conservatory, i where we spent a very pleasant hour. Next we visited the National .Museum: then tbo Bureau of Engraving, at which place we ! witnessed the making of the "Mighty Dol lar.'7 Judgiug from the speed with which they are turned cut, we think Uncle Sam has an easier time in making, money tha.T most of his nephews. After calling at the White House, and several other places of more or less note, we wended our way to lbs Capitol buildi'ig, and there we spc?t the remainder of the time at our dis posal in exploring the various parts of the building and th? surrounding park. At 0.55 we boarded he northern-bound train at the Baltimore and Ohio Depot, and in a few moments were rapidly advancing to the hilly country of the North. Aftera short; run we lied Baltimore, where my com panion left me to pursue my journey alone. At an early hour the next morning we arrived at Altoona, where we remained a few minutes for breakfast. From this point until we crossed the mountains, the scene was one of unsurpassed beauty. High and heavily woodtd h?ls towered on every side, and the numerous mountain streams added a wild erantifeur to the scenery. It was, indeed, a rare treat to gaze upon the beautiful sctuery, and breathe the pure, morning air of the mountains. The highes; elevation reached, was about 1,200 feet. As we neared Pittsburg, the country- pre sented a business-like appearance. Lively little towns seemed to be as thick as hops, and every one appeared to be ia a hurry. All along the rente could be sein coileries, coke ovens, qoarries ana roiling milis. On the 10th o:' May, at 1 o'clock p. m., we landed at Pittsburg. After remaining therefor 15 minutes we proceeded on our journey again, and in two hours we were walking the stree ts of our l uive town. But as I hare already written ar. "elegant sufficiency," I muft draw this epistle to a close, with a prorc se ;f I < i Sparc the time from my arduous dut-cs ?S chief l<>afer of Steeply Hollow. I will, from time to time,, inform your readers of the doings in thi^ forsaken country. Till then, adieu. Rot Yat. A small boy of four summers was rid' ing on a hobby horse with a companion tic was seated rather uncomfortably on the horse's uo'-k. After a reflective pause, he said; 'I think oae of usgetaofff I. could ride better*'