The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, January 31, 1882, Image 1

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THE SUMTER "WATCHMAN", Established April, IS50. 'Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's, and Truth's. THE TRUE SCUTHRO>\ Established .Tune, 1 86?. Consolidated Aus. 2, 1881.1 SUMTER, S. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1882. Sew Series-Yoi. I. No. 27. Puhlislie?. eYcry Tuesday, -BY TUE Watchman and Southron Publishing Company, SUMTER, S. C. TERMS : Two Dollars per annum-in advance. ADVERTISEMENTS. One Square, first insertion.SI 00 Every ?subsequent insertion. 50 Contracts "for three months, or longer will be made*at reduced rates. All communications which subserve private nterests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be charged for. Marriage notices and notices of deaths pub? lished free. For job work or contracts for advertising address Watchman and Southron, or apply at the Office, to N. G. OSTE?N, Business Manager. F. E. FOLSOM, L. YV. FOLSOM. F. ? FOLSOM & BRO. Native-born Sum(o?iian8. M 3 CO 00 Practical Watchmakers and Jewelers, Main- Street, opposite John Reid's, DEALERS IN Watches, Clocks? GOLD AND PLATED JEWELRY, Spectacles, Silver and. Flated "Ware, FISHING TACKLE, Sewing Machine Needles, Oils, Etc. General Repairing done at Conscientious Prices. Give cs a cali aad be convinced. Oct 25_ 3m GF^iimiTfABLES, REPUBLICAN-STREET, ' JUST ARRIVED One Car Load of CELEBRATED Old Hickory Wagons, Manufactured hy the Kentucky Wagon Manu? facturing Company, of Louisville, Ky. They are ruade of the best material. bu? skined workmen. Every Wagon sold guar? anteed for 12 monti's, they run lighter, and are ia every respect, as good as any Wagon made, while at the sam-.- time their price is as low as Wagons of inferior grade. Also, ou hand, a fine assortment of BUGGIES, OF ALL STYLES AND GRADES, At mices to suit thc times. JUST ARRIVED UNE CAR LOAD OF Fine Kentucky Horses, some of them extra good drivers-selected with care for this market. Oct 25 _ W. M. GRAHAM. WERAW AND DARLINGTON AND CHERAW AND SALISBURY RAILROAOS. PRESIDENT'S OFFICE;, S?.CI?-TY.'?ILL. is. C.. May 22. ISSI. ON AXD A FT E it T ii LS I> A T E, T li AI N'S 6a these Roads will run a? follows,-every except Suad:?y. Leave Wade?boro.. S 40 a m Leave Bennett's. 9 00 a tu Leave Merren. 9 15am Leave iVeF.trl.in. 9 25 a in Leave Cheraw._. ll) 15 a ut Leave Society Hill. 10 50 a m Lea7e Darlington. ?1 35 a m Arrive at Florence.12 10 p ta CP. Leave Florence. 12 ?0 p in Leave Darlington..... 1 20 p m Leave society Hill. 2 10 p ia Arrive at Cherri<r. 2 >0 p ia Arrive at Wadesboro. 4 15pm The freight train will ieare Fl(?reu':e at 6 20 A M every day except Sunday: niahb-g the rou ml trip to Cher.iw every day, and to Wadesboro >?> often as mny bc necessary-keeping out O? thc way of passenger train. li h TO'.VX.-KXD. president. mm K?iNiT, Direct Im Donation. PERUVIAN etiww, Direct from the Agent of the Peruvian Gov? ernment. FISH GUANO, 6^3 per cent. Ammonia. NOVA SCOTIA LAND PLASTES. South Carolina Ground Phosphate, Fine Ground and High Grade. HERMAN BUL WINKLE, KERR"3 WHARF. CHARLESTON, S. C. Jan 17 3m PAVILION HOTEL, CHARLESTON S. C. THIS POPULAR AND CENTRALLY located HOTEL having beet entirely i reaovated during the past Summer is now j ready for the reception of the traveling public. ; __^I*opa?2.r prices uud li.Ou per d;ty. Special rates for Commercial Travelers. E. T. GAILLARD, Oct 25 _ Proprietor. ! TH?T rnm tmrR?L HOTEL COLUMBIA, S: C. HAVING renew*-! my Lease of ;sThe Grand Central Hotel*' for a term of years, I beg leave to inform the Public that the House has been thoroughly re-painted, and is now furnished with new au?! improved Black Walnut Fa rn itu te, Wire Spring Reds with best Hair Mattress???, Velvet and Brussels Carpets. Electric Annunciators connect with every room, and the Hotel is cen netted through the Columbia T?l?phonie Exchange wit!: every prominent place of business thrcaghoat thu City. These advantages, with cptapeteat attendants, warrastme in assuring the traveling Public as govd accommodations as the Som!) can afford. JOHN T. WILLEY, Proprietor. _Sept 20 Sra COLUMBIA HOTEL R. N. LOWRANCE, 1'roprietor cor J'M ni A.. s. c. Table, Rooms and Servants First-class. RATES REASONABLE. Sept 20--Sm NAM^mMPS FOR MARKiKG CLOTHING i "with SfiBjible ink, or for printing visiting STAMPS OF ANY KI>I> ! Call on C. P. OSIEEN, At tie Watchman and Southron Office. j WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA AND AUGUSTA R. R. ON and after Jan. 1st, 1SS2, the following schedule will he run on this Road : SIGHT EXPRESS AND MAIL TRAIN-. (Daily ) (Nos. 47 West and 4S East.) Leave Wilmington.10 15 pm Arrive at Florence... 2 20 a m Leave Florence. .. 2 50 a m Leave Sumter. 4 20 a m Arrive at Columbia. 6 10 a m Leave Columbia.30 00 p m Leave Su Later...~.~M ........12 03 a m Arrive at Florence.................. 1 34 a m Leave Florcuce....... I 5.2 a m Arrive at Wilmington. 6 20 a m This Train stops only at Briukley's, White vilie. Flemington, Fair Bluff, Marion, Florenoe, Timmonsville, Mayesville, Sumter, Camden Junction and Eastover. THROUGH FREIGHT TRAIN. Daily, except Sundays. Leave Florence.: .... ...... ......... ll 40 p m Leave Sumter . 2 28 a m Arrive at Columbia. 5 30 a m Leave Columbia.-..?- .- 5 00 p m Leave Sumter-.- _ 8 20 p m Arrive at Florence-....~-.ll 10 p m LOCAL FREIGHT-(Daily except Sunday.) Leave Florence... 6 00 a m Arrive at Sumter.10 55 a m Leave Sumter.ll 40 a m Arrive at Columbia. 4 00 p m Leave Columbia. ......... 7 00 a m Arrive at Sumter.....ll 15 a m Leave Sumter.12 15 p m Arr5ve at "florence. ..... 5 10 p m A. POPE, G. P. A. JOIIN F. DIVINE. General Sup't. Columbia and Greenville Bail Hoad. PASSENGER DEPARTMENT, COLUMBIA, S. C., August 31, ISSI. ON AND AFTER THURSDAY, September 1st, ISSI, Passenger Traius will run as herewith indicated, upon this road and its branches-Daily except Sundays : No. 42 Up Passenger. Leave Columbia (A).ll 20 a o Leave Alston..12 26 p m Leave Newberry........... 1 21 p m Leave Hodges..-. 3 52 p m Leave Belton . . 5 05 p m Arrive at Greenville....... 6 27 p m No. 43 Down Passenger. Leave Greenville a:.10 33 a m Leave Belton.ll 57 a m Leave Hod-;, s. 1 12 p cr Leave Newberry. 3 47 p m Leave Alston. 4 48 p m Arrive at Columbia (F).. 5 50 p m SPARTANBURG, UMOS <fc COLUMBIA P.. R. No. 42 Up Passenger. Leave Alston.12 40 p m Leave Spartauburg, S??C Depot (B) 4 03 p m Arrive Spartanburg R fi B Depot (E) 4 12 p m No. .43 Down Passenger. Leave Spartanburg R&D Depot (H) 12 4S p m Leave Spartanburg S U & C Depot (G) 1 07 p m Leave Union....... 2 36 p m Arrive at Alston. 4 36 p m LAURENS RAIL ROAI>. Leave Newberry. 3 55 p m Arrive ai Laurens C. H. 6 45 p m Leave Laurens C- Ii. S 30 a m Arrive at Newberry.~.ll 30 a m ABBEVILLE BRANCH. Leave Hodges. 3*56 p m Arrive at Abbeville. 4 46 p m Leave Abbeville.12 15 p m Arrive at Hodges. t 05 p m BLUE RIDGE R. R- & ANDERSON BRANCH. Leave Belton.5 OS p m Leave Andersen._. 5 41 p m ! Leave Pendleton. 6 20 p m j Leave Senaca (C). 7 20 p m ! Arrive at Walhalla. 7 45 p m I Leave Walhalla,. 9 23 a m i Leave Seneca (D).... 9 54 a tu I Leave Pendleton.--.....10 30 a in ? Leave Anderson-.?..-.ll 12 a m j Arrive a: Belton.ll 4S a m On and after above date through cars will be j run between Columbia and Henderson ville with" | out change. CONNECTIONS. j A-"With South Carolina Rail Road from j Charleston ; with Wilmington Columbia ?t Au- I gusta R R from Wilmington and all points north thereof : with Charlotte, Columbia <fc Augusta Rai' Road from Charlotte and points north j thereof. B-With Ashevble & Spartanburg Rail Road ? for points in Western N. C. j C-With A. & C. Div. R & D. R. R..for all | points South and West. D-With A. <fc C. Div. R. & D. R. R. from At ? lan?a and bev?nd. j E-Whh ? & C. Div. R. & D. R. R. for all j points South and West. F-With South Carolina Rail Road for Char teston ; with Wilmington, Columbia ?fe Augusta j Rail R?;ad for Wilmington and the North : wi:h ; Charlotte. Columbia & Augusta Rail Road for j Charlotte and the North. G-With Asheville & Spartanburg Rail 3oad {rom Henderson vibe. H-With A. A C. Div. R. <fc D. R. R. from Charlotte & beyond. Standaid time used is Washington, D. C., j which is Sfieeu minutes fasrer than Columbia, j J. W. FRY, Sup't. I A. POPE. General Passenger Agent. August Si). ISSI. tf. South Carolina Railway Co, COMMENCING JANUARY Stn, 1SS2. Passenger Trains on Camden Branch will run as follows, until further notice : HAST TO COLUMBIA. Leave Camden. 7 40 a m Leave Camden Junction. S 45 a m j An ive at Columbia.10 52 a m | WEST KR>.M COLUMBIA-DAILY EXCEPT SUNDAYS. Leave Columbia. 5 15 a ta... 6 00 p m Arrive Camden Junction, ll 00 a rn... 7 40 p m Arrive ar Camden. 1 00 p m... S 45 p m EAST TO CHARLESTON AND AUGUSTA. Leave Camden. 3 50 p m Leave Ca ui ilea June'. 5 p m Arrive at Charleston. 10 30 p tn Arrive at Augusta. 7 35 a in WEST FROM CHARLESTON AND AUGUSTA. ! Leave Charleston. 6 15 a m j Leave Augusta. 4 45 p m I Arrive Camden June'.ll DO a m j Arrive at Camden. 1 00 p m i CONNECTIONS. Columbia and Greenville Railroad both ways, for al! points on that Road and on the Spar- j tan burg. Union and Columbia and Spartanburg j and Ashville Railroads, also with the Char- I lotte. Columbia and Augusta Railroad to and i from all points North by trains leaving Camden ? at 7 40 m. and arriving at S 45 p m. Connections made at Augus-'a to all points j ?"Vest and South ; also at Charleston with [ Steamers for New York and Florida-on Wed- \ nesdays and Saturdays. I rains ou Camden "ranch run daily except j Sunday. On main line, Columbia and Augusta i Divisions, trains ron daily. Pullman Cars aro ? run between Charleston and Washington. Gt; train* ?irrivia^ ut Oo!u:ubi:i '0:52 .-md depart. ' jr;g -it 0:00 P. M. Local jeepers between Charleston, Columbia and Anjrusta On Saturdays ROUND TRIP TICKETS are : Sold to and from all Stations at one first class J fare for the round trip -tickets being good till | Monday noon, to return. Excursion tickets j good for 10 days are regularly on sale to anti j from all stations at 6 cents per mile fur round ; trip. THROUGH TICKETS to Al points, can be j purchased by applying to James Jones. Agent j at Camden. D. C. ALLEN, General Passenger and Ticket Agent. ! JOHN Bl PECK, General Manager. Charleston, S. C NORTH-EASTERN R. R. GO. i SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICS, ! NORTHEASTERN RAILROAD CO. j CHARLESTON, S. C., Jan. 23, 1882. j On and after this date the following Sebe- ? duJe will bo run, Sundays included : Leave Charleston. Arrive Florence. j H '.-o A. ii-..12 55 P. M. ?1 4<i v. X. 2 00 A M. 8 15 P. M.1 30 A. M. Leave Florence. Arrive Charleston, j 2 40 A. M.O' DO A. M. 11 35 A. M.4 35 p M. 12 10 A. M.9 20 A. M. Train leaving Florence at 2 4M A. M. will j step for way passengers. J. F. DIVINE) Ccn'ISupt. . P. L. CLEA FOR. Gen'!. Ticket Agent. ROBERT HOUGH & SONS, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Brasuies, Wines ai Whiskies, 44 South-Street, Baltimore, Md. j December 9 ' [For the Watchman and Southron.] THE DRUMMER. -o Like a ship upon the ocean, We meet, we speak, we part : Laden with goods of every kind, From every clime and mart. All kinds of customers we meet, The shy, the tough, the free ; He that buys heavy and fleet Is the man we like to see. Drummers large and drummers small, Drummers both lean and fat, Drummers short and drummers tall. But some with a very bad hat. There are hotels, too, of every grade, Some dirty, some neat and clean. There the drummer lies down to sleep And of turkey and oyters dream. In the morning to the table be goes With appetite sharp and keen, When alas ! to his sorrow he finds It is nothing but a dream. In Sumter town the boys do stop With Jervey so jolly and kind, With plenty of turkey and oysters hot, Just suited to our mind. Then on the ocean of time we speed And never forget our trunk. Of care and sorrow we take no heed But are always on the jump. Here we meet, and shake, and part To meet again no more; But we hope all to meet again On the Everlasting Shore. [From the Sentry.] MARS. BY P. A. TOWNE. The plauet Mais is now one of th< most conspicous objects in the heav eus. It is east of the great plane Jupiter, near the two stars, Castor auc Pollux in the constellation Gemini Next to the earth, Mars is the mos interesting planet in the solar sj'stem in several respects. Wheo nearest tc the earth it is less than forty millioi of miles from us, and it happens that it is then at the most favorable poinl for telescopic examination. Venus comes several million miles nearer the earth than Mars, but it then present? a narrow crescent, like that of the new moon to our vision; whereas Mars when nearest the earth presents his full disk to the observer. But thc point of greatest interest to us, so far as ^f.ir8 is concerned, is the fact that its physical characteristics greatly resemble those of the earth. The torrid zone of Mars is about fifty-four degrees wide; that of the earth being forty-seven. Its poles are twenty seven and a quarter degrees from the polar cueles, making each temperate zone thirty-five and a half degrees wide. The day in Mars is only forty minutes longer than our own, and its year contains six hundred and eighty five of our days, or a little over six hundred aud sixty-six of its own days. Its diameter is about 5,000 miles and its mean distance from the sun 144, 000,000 miles. Powerful telescopes and patient ob? servation have demonstrated thc fact that Mars is composed of land and water, but that the preponderance of land surface is very great. Astrono? mers have, in fact, been enabled to construct a map of Mars, which can be studied as we study the map of our OWL* earth. Its two largest bodies of water are called Dawes Ocean and Delarue Sea; in the latter of which is a conspicuous island. Dawes Ocean, in outline, much re? sembles thc continent of North Amer? ica. Mars contains four continents named Hershel, Dawes, Madler and Secchi. These continents lie along its equator, at about equal distances from the poles. The mass of laud around the r ->rth pole is called Lap? lace Land and that around the South pole Lockyer Land. A close study of the outlines of the land and water reveals the fact that a traveller on Mars can pass from almost any point on its surface to any other point, without going to sea. A railroad might also be constructed along the line of the equator of Mars around the entire planet, which would re? quire only- four important bridges. Both poles of Mars are usually cov? ered with ice, as we should naturally expect from the analogies that have beeu stated, lt has a dense atmos? phere which is often loaded with clouds, showing that rivers and lakes are probable, though too small to be detected. Its seasons are identical with our own; though nearly twice as long. These physical analogies between Mars and the eartn compel the con? clusion that the same vegetable and animal life lias existed on both planets during corresponding periods of their cosmical history. Mart is considerably smaller than the earth, and it is, as a consequence, relatively much more advanced in its planetary career. Mars is now what the earth will be in from ten to twenty thousand years. We may, therefore, give full play to our imagination without danger of overestimating the grandeur of its physical characteristics or the com? parative superiority of its inhabitants in their intellectual endowments. Every conceivable evidence of civili? zation ought to be found on the little planet. Its railroads, bridgea, tunnels, steamboats, water works, etc., are models of the engineering skill of its scientific men. Its cities and towns are marvels of architectural beauty. Its four principal nations are all re? publics. To make room for its dense population, buildings have been car? ried to a height of twenty stories. Electric lights take the place of sun? light whenever the hitter is not available. Observatories, one thou? sand feet high, are scattered all over the planet, and their telescopes have long since revealed to astronomers the great facts connected with our solar system. Possibly their astrono? mers have even seen, under some favorable ciro um stances, the singular creatures called men on our earth. Telegraphic lines aie available to every family on Mars. In thc most important streets, elevated railroads are as many as five in number, the high? est being parallel to the eighteenth story of the dwellings. There is not a square loot of unoccupied land on the planet and even the roofs of every building are utilized in the production of the most essential vegetable food. Public parks are numerous, but every tree or vegetable they contain is cul? tivated because of esculent rather than ornamental properties. Mars is the intensely red planet of our system, aud why may not its color be ascribed to the artificial expedients that have accompanied its advancing steps in civilization ? The number of inhabi? tants on Mars cannot be less than ten trillions, and it is therefore impossible that the color of the planet can be ascribed to its natural vegetation. Astronomical works now have new matter to add to former accounts of Mars. In the month of August, 1877, Mr. Asaph Hall, of Washington, by the aid of the most powerful refractiog ? telescope which has yet been con I structed, made the discovery of two small satellites of Mars. At that time Mars was nearest the sun in its orbit around that luminary, and the earth most remote, while the three bodies were in a straight line. Hence Mars and the earth were at their least pos? sible distance from each other. A systematic observation of the planet was begun, and resulted in the dis? covery of the two smallest planetary bodies connected with the solar sys? tem. The satellite Deimus moves around Mars in thirty hours, eighteen miuutes, at a distance of 12,570 miles from tiie surface of the planet. Its diameter is only six miles. The satellite Phobus moves around Mars in seven hours thirty-nine minutes, at a distance of 3,783 miles from the surface of the planet. Its diameter is seven miles. Deimus is then the i smallest celestial planet whose dia? meter has been measured, and Phobus moves around its primary planet in less than one-third of the time it takes j that body to turn upon its axis. This I last fact is at variance with the ideas we have hitherto been able to enter? tain of the law of the formation of celestial bodies. Whilst the sun ap? pears to move over the sky of Mars in a slow day of more than twenty four hours, the satellite Phobus makes its complete revolution in less than one-third of a day. From this it must be a fact that Phobus rises in setting and sets in rising, that is, it appears to rise in the west when really it should be setting, and to set in the east when it is really rising ! It passes under Deimus and eclipses it from time to time, goes through all its phases in eleven houis, each quarter not lasting even three hours. What a singular "world !" It has two kinds of months, one a little shorter than the day of Mars, the other one quarter of that day. It has beeu suggested that the two satellites, Deimus and Phobus, are two asteroids that have been attracted to Mars quite recently and have be? come moons by accident rathet than by laws established on the nebular hypothesi? of Laplace. Though this supposition is not necessary to ac? count for their recent discovery it is by no means unreasonable. More than two hundred asteroids are now named. Their diameters range from eighty to two hundred miles and it is likely that thousands exist whose diameters are too small to be measured by our best telescopes. Hundreds too minute to be detected by our in? struments may be floating around Jupiter, Mars, the earth, and even our moon. When they fall upon the earth we call them meteoric stones, and there are specimens in our mu? seums weighing from a thousand pounds to a few ounces. But what? ever be the origin of Deimus and Phobus they are now no doubt very useful to the inhabitants of Mars in lighting up its nights. The great telescope iii Washington has this winter verified the accuracy of the measurements announced in 1877, but the two satellites will not again be seen till 1892, when Mars will again be at its closest proximity to thc earth. Judah P. Benjamin on Con? federate Bonds. Mr. S. L. M. Barlow, of New York, wrote recently to Mr. J. P. Benjamin, of London, for information concerning Confederate bonds, which speculators had made the subject of inquiry on the rumor that there are vast sums deposi? ted in the Bank of England and else? where in Europe. Mr. Benjamin in reply states that thc Confederate Gov? ernment never had but two means of raising money in Europe. One was by the export of cotton, all of which was consigned to the house of Fraser, Tren holm & Co., of Liverpool: the other was by the loan effected through Messrs. Erlanger & Co , and Schroder & Co., the proceeds of which were all received by Colin J. McKae, the finan? cial agent of the government. At the close of the war, the United States government, claiming the right to re? ceive the entire asscsts of thc Confede? rate government, instituted suits against Fraser, Trenholmn & Co., and against Mcliae, and ultimately recovered a few thousand dollars, the firms alluded to being ruiucd by the litigation. In con? clusion, Mr. Benjamin says: 'Thc last payment of coupons on thc Confederate loan was only effected after great effort by means of cotton sold through Fraser, Trcuholm & Co., as all the proceeds of the loan had long previously been ex? hausted. The United States Govern? ment also received some supplies, ma? chinery, and several vessels; iu fact, everything that remaiocd from thc wreck, and I don't believe one penny is to be found anywhere in Europe of the assets of the defunct Confederacy. If anything can ever be recovered by the bondholders, it can only be by gov? ern inent action in the United States, and you can judge better than I if there is the remotest hope of any such ac? tion. ' - ? ? Who is this Creature with Long Hair and a Wild Eye ? lie is a poet, lie writes Poems on Spring and Wcmcn's Eyes and Strange, unreal Things of that Kind. He is always Wishing he was Dead, *but he wouldn't Let any? body Kill him if he could get away. A mighty good Sausagc-SluiTer was spoil? ed when thc Man became a Poet. Ile would Look well Standing under a de? scending Pile-Driver.-Brooklyn Ar? gus. SILK^CULT?BS' IN" TH?" SOUTH. A New Industry that Promises to Develop Important Results. To the editor of the New York Tri buue.-Sir : The judges iii the silk manufacturing department of the At? lanta Exposition took especial pains to examine closely the goods and tiic products of silk on exhibition, es pecially for this reason : They desire to show to what extent silk goods are being manufactured in this coun? try and to report on the qualit}7 of tho goods now produced, and they desire especially to call the attention of the people in the Southern as well as other portions of the country to thc fact that while silk goods arc being largely and successfully manufac? tured, the raw material is, almost all of it, imported. This, they think, should not bo. The sucessfu! growth of silk has been proven in nearly every stale in the union, and long be? fore one pound of American provision was exported to Europe, exports, large for that period, of American silk were made from the southern and middle states to the mother country. The popular error that silk culture was once tried in this country and proved a failure should be expelled, as it is not true so far as any of the exoeri ments in testing the natural elements were concerned. The growth of the very best of silk is possible, andean be made profitable, as has been proven by those who have tried it. It is a branch of American industry that commends itself to all who desire to see the wealth that grows from it retained in their own country. This production is one that especially re? commends itself to Ameiican women as a means of gaining wealth. The exhibit made by them in this depart? ment does them great credit, and goes to show what can be done, as the report of their exhibit will show. Prom the early settlement of thc colonies to the present time the culti? vation of silk here has been more or less successful : much more so than in i France or Italy when the first at? tempts were made to introduce it in those countries. As early as 1623 j the cultivation commenced in the colony of Virginia. In 1759 .the colony of Georgia exported 10,000 pounds of raw silk, which sold for two or three shilllings higher per pound than that of any other country. In 1771 the cultivation was begun in Pennsylvania and in New Jersey under the auspices of Franklin and other enterprising men. In Conneeti cut the cultivation commenced about the year 1790, and the value of ra?v material and sewing-silk made in three counties in that state in ISIO amount? ed to $2S,503. In Texas and Cali? fornia much has been done within the past few years to establish its success in those ?tates. These facts are but j : a few of the many which go to show i that in nearly every part of this coun try silk has been produced. The subject received the most attention < between the years 1S2S and 1837. Il : was at this period the government became so much interested in it. The committee of agriculture in thc house ' of representatives took the matter uuder special notice. Commissioners were appointed, information collected, and a manual was ordered to be pub? lished, giving general information as to the mode of cultivating and manu? facturing. Acts were passed giving all necessary protection, and under the auspices of the government, the press atid a general popular feeling on the subject, American silk culture was going on prosperously. At this period a raging sp?culation was going on in the country affecting nearly every branch of business. Thc great number of persons embarking at ( once in thc silk business naturally j made a great demand for mulberry ; trees, for on this tree the silk worm feeds. The demand for thc trees and the advancing price soon attracted 1 the speculators, and so wild did the people become on the subject that a mania prevailed in the country, well i known as the "morus m ul tica ul is : speculation." Many of the silk grow? ers lost sight of their legitimate business, and, like others, were in- i volved in the ruin that soon followed. It is here proper to remark that this i tree speculation had nothing whatever ? i to do with the legitimate business of) silk culture, but so connected have ? they become, even in the minds of the 1 intelligent, that the disasters of both < are considered one and the same 1 thing; but it is now time that au error so injurious in its consequences ] should be disposed of. i The silk business, when it most needed the fostering baud of govern? ment, received a finishing blow by t an act of Congress taking off all pro- ] tection. This act is said to have f been passed to appease Prance when the demand for the money known as i the French indemnity was made. The t evidence on record up lo this date < proves, beyond a doubt that under a I < lair protective tariff the silk culture | in this country is both practicable i t and profitable. I know of no branch ! 1 of agricultural industry whereby so j t much was produced to profit with tiie t same amount ol'labor and capital. 1 j ' would at this time cali the especial j i attention of my countrymen to the ! fact that some suitable branch of labor < must be provided for the respectable 1 class of women. Since the war there ? is a preponderating female population, - and some suitable employment must < be provided for it, and in no business can women more profitably and re- ' spectably be employed than in the I production of silk. The draft upon j < our national resources tor imported j silk lias been one ot groat long.iii tide I If patriotism and the I? ?ve ol indepen? dence are tho offspring ol' Arnorica, [:. let ns unite ourouurts and by tho aid ! of our legislatures, our representatives and an i n lei i igen t. agrien i I ii ral people, | at once encourage, protect and ;<ster the production of American silk. JV I>V. IN j I KN KV. Greenville, Tenn., Jan. 7, LS82. Says a cute observer : 'The man who stops his paper to economize is like a mau who goes barefoot to save his shoes.' THE LEGISLATURE. ID the Seriate on Monday a commu? nication was received from the State House Keeper stating that the portraits presented to thc State by Mr. Albert Gucrry, had been placed in their prop? er positions in accordance with the reso? lution on the subject. At 12 o'clock the Columbia Canal bill came up on its second reading as ! the spacial order for that hour. Messrs. I Callison, Smythe and Crayton made j speeches against it* while it was ably! defended by Messrs. Henderson, Harl- i lee and Wylie. Several other short I speeches were ma.de for and against the I bill, and an important amendment pro- I posed by Mr. Callison was agreed to by a large vote. This amendment is in i substance that the Directors of the Pen- ? itentiary shall not expend upon the j dam more than ?10,000 a year. Sev- ! eral other amendments were suggested but voted down. The bill was then passed to a third reading by a very large vote. Thc bill to repeal the general stock law then came up as thc special order, and was voted down without debate. At the Dight session the Code was taken up and read till the hour of ad? journment. In the House a bill to provide for the assessment of property was taken up. On motiou of Mr. Simonton, the rule was suspended and the bill was read the third time by its title and sent to tho Senate. Thc election bill was next taken up I and the rule suspended as to the orig? inal portion of the bill. The amend? ment was read and the bill ordered to be sent to the Senate. The Committee on Railroads reported favorably on a bill to prohibit steam engines, or cars propelled by steam, from running along the public high- j ways. This bill seeks to prevent the i use of steam on the tramway roads in j the State, many of which have been chartered at the present session. TUESDAY, January 24.-The only discussion in the Senate to-day was on thc bill to incorporate the Southern Laud Loau Association. I Mr. Hadlee moved to amend the j second section of the bill by making the ! rate of interest seven per cent, instead of ten per cent. Mr. Gaillard said that the bill was' unexceptionable except in the rate of interest proposed to be charged. Not one dollar of the capital fund of the as? sociation was owned by any one in the State or in the North. The associ? ation is composed entirely of Eng? lish capitalists who, haviog found that thc South offered a profitable field for investment, arc desirous of placing their j money here. They are organizing an I association iu Florida and in other : States. One of thc great drawbacks J the South has had to labor under has j been the inability of the planters to j secure loans upon real estate. Under \ the charters of the banking institutions they arc not allowed to lend money upon real estate security. On this ac? count the famers have been unable to secure auy assistance and have been j forced to depend upon the help they ! have been able to get from the mer- j chants and other sources at ruinous ! rates of interest. These capitalists pro- j pose to come here and lend their | money upon real estate security for a j term of years. It would really be no ? more of a discrimination against our j own money lenders to grant the provis- ? ions named in the bill than was the I Act exempting manufacturers from J taxation, a discrimination against the private property holders of the State. There was a wide field open to these capitalists. The West and other South- j em States were anxious to get their j money, and unless the bill should be j passed they would not place their capt- | tal ia this State. ! Mr. Gaillard said, also, that it was ! an open secret that although the State had a usury law fixing the rate of inter? est at 7 per cent., its provisions were continually violated, so that the law was in reality a dead letter. Mr. Harllec said iu reply that what- ? ever might bc said about the usury law j Et was true that it was a law that could j be enforced. He would gladly see the j English capitalists come here and had ' ?o doubt that they would benefit the ? planters of the State, but he objected j to the passage of a bill allowing this j corporation a larger rate of interest than j the law allowed to the people of our own j State. The Act exempting mannfac-1 buring from taxation does not come in I ?ouilict with thc provisions of the usury ! law, Mr. Callison moved to indefinitely j lostponc thc motion of Mr. Marilee and j j pon this the yeas aud nays were taken ; i Secas 14 ; Nays 17. On motion of Mr. McQueen the fur- j her consideration of the measure was J ? Dostponcd and made the special order j 'or half-past 12 o'clock on Friday. j In the House the judiciary committee ! i reported unfavorably a bill to limit the :imc for bringing actions for the resale j )f property partitioned by the Probate ; : >urc and it was placed ou thc calendar. ? Thc committee on railroads reported ! in favorably a bill to require the estab- : ; ishmetit of a union passenger depot in , he City of Columbia for thc reason that j he railroads leading iuto thc city are j low prcpairing to build depots for their j .espective usc. j The committee on corporations report- ? ?d favorably all bills recently introduced j :or the incorporation of new railroads. | Among these are the Newberry and Atlantic Railroad Company, the Flor- j ;ucc Railroad Company, thc Aiken and j Atlantic Seacoast Railroad Company, ! the Spartanburg. Anderson and Atlan- j ta. Hnilroad Company and the Seaboard [ uni Western Railroad Company. The Seaboard and Western Railroad, 1 which was reported ou favorably in the ! ll ouse, is to run fron Beaufort through Aiken, Laurens and Greenville to a point (Mi the North Carolina line. ; Messrs. Cary, of Augusta, Gray, of j Grcenville, aud others arc thc corpo-j rators. A report from the secretary of State i announcing that he had hung the por- j traits of (Jordon and Calhoun in thc! House aud Senate, respectively, was rc- j eeived as information. Mr. Blake made some remarks high- ' ly complimentary to thc artist, Mr. ? Querry, after which Col. Siuionton's j resolution providiug that the Speaki the House and the President of Senate be requested and authorize! procure from some eminent artist traits of John Belton O'Neall and Ge? McDuffic, to be hung in the Se Chamber and Hall of Repr?sent?t] was taken" up, and Mr. Chandler mc to amend bj adding the names of I ert Y. Hayne and Wm. C. Preston The resolution provoked some dei in which much difference of opiuion expressed as to the expediency of proposed aetioo. Finally, ou motin Mr. Simpson, the whole matter was definitely postponed-yeas 61, nays The general orders were then ta up and a number of bills were dispc of. The bill to define the duties couDty commissioners, school corni sioners and county treasurers ca forth considerable debate, and the was finally passed to a third read after the adoption of an amendment quiring county commissioners to couuty claims pro rata WEDNESDAY, January 25.-In Senate the following were passed ; ordered to be enrolled for ratificatioi Joint resolution to pay certain cia of members of the State Constabul Force for the years 1876 and 1877 ; for revising aDd consolidating the G eral Statutes. The bill to further regulate the i of intoxicating liquors was killed. The following were passed to tr third reading : Bill to amend an i entitled 'An Act to incorporate Georgetown and North Carolina IS row Gauge Railroad Company,' so ai authorize said company to constr either broad or narrow gauge over s portion of the road ; bill to incorpor the South Carolina Pacific Railv Company ; bill to provide for the prej ration of rolls of troops furnished the State of South Carolina to the ari of the Confederate States, and of I militia of the State in active service di ing the war between the Confeder; and United States. In the House reports of committ were submitted : Charleston Delegation-Favorable a concurrent resolution asking our rc resentatives in Congress to urge the i propriation of the amount asked for the engineer to complete the jetties Charleston harbor. Agriculture-Unfavorable on bills encourage the cultivation of grasses, a the production of wine and beer in t State; to amend the stock law as Colleton County. Adopted. A bill to provide for a convention the people, to revise and amend t Constitution of this State was taken u Mr. Parker moved the indefinite po.s ponctuent and called for the ayes at uays, which resulted in ayes 63, na 44, which settles adversely the fate the convention. The House then proceedeed to tl consideration of the several joint res lutions reported by the Commissio: embodying proposed amendments to tl several articles of the Constitution. The first was a joint resolution amend Section 2, Article X, of tl Constitution of this State, so as to pr< vide for a State Board of Educatioi and the appointment of County Scho Commissioners. This provoked considerable discu sion, participated in by Messrs. J. 3. Johnson, Simonton and Murray, i favor, and Rice, Haskell and Parker i opposition. Mr. Murray favored the rcsolutior. The Legislature at its last session, ha constituted this commission for the pm pose of suggesting amendments, then by indicating their own belief that th existing Constitution was a bad one an needed radical changes to adapt it t the requirements of the people of th State. With respect to the amendmen under consideration, he was sure tba the efficiency of the school system woul be greatly promoted by its adoption. Mr Parker dissented from the state ment of his friend from Anderson tba the last Legislature had stamped th? Constitution as a bad instrument an< that the commission had been consti tuted upon any such basis. He agreec in the estimate which the gentlemat from Aiken, in his speech before the re? cess, had placed on the Constitution sc far as he claimed that it did not eman? ate from the people of South Carolina. The claim that it was such was the grossest political lie npon the record ol history. Instead of 'We, the people of South Carolina, do ordain,' that instru? ment should have set out with 'Wc, tho manumitted {slaves, aided by a few im? ported carpet-baggers and renegade South Carolinians, upheld by Federal bayonets, do ordain this Constitution.' It was not however, wholly bad, as it embodied much that commended it to thc judgement of the people. He was opposed to the amendment under con? sideration and thought all those pro? posed by the commission unwise save ?hat relating to the formation of new Counties. The question of indefinite postpone? ment was then carried by ayes 57, Days 41. A joint resolution to amend Section S, Ai ticleJVIII, of the Constitution of this State respecting the disqualification of electors. Mr. Aldrich made a ringing speech in favor of this amendment, in which he showed that the present section of thc eighth article was framed for thc very purpose of enfranchising a class of criminals who were disfranchised by the law of every other State in the Union, and that it was due to thc honor of the State that this blot upon the fundamental law should now be ex? punged. The joint resolution was adopted by a vote of 101 to 0. A joint resolution proposing to amend the Constitution of this State by adding thereto an article to bc known as Arti? cle XVII : Of the term of office of mem? bers of the General Assembly and other State ofiiccrs. Mr. Pevorcaux moved to amend Sec? tion 1 so as to provide for thc election every third year, with thc view to sepa? rate the State from thc national election. Mr. White moved to lay on the table, which was carried. Mr. Parker moved to substitute eve? ry two years, aud said that his amend? ment proposed to return to the law as it existed from the formation of the first Constitution of this State until 1S78. Mr. Simonton explained that the proposition of the commission was on the line of what was proposed bj Mr.Parker. It was to take out of the Constitution the fixed day of election and leave it with the Legislature so as to separate the Federal and State elections as to time. The debate was continued by Mr. Simpson in favor and Messrs. Dargan and Hernphill against the amendment, when on motion ef Mr Haskell it waa laid on the table. Mr. Hutson offered an amendment as Section 3 as follows : 'All County offi? cers shall hold their County offices for four years and until theirsuccessors are elected and qualified/ which was adopted. Mr- Dendy moved an amendment providing for biennial sessions of the Legislature, which was lost Mr. Parker moved to make the term of State officers two years instead of j four years, which was lost by ayes 83, nays 23. Joint resolution as amended was j ordered to a third reading. The amendment is as follows : Section 1. The terms of the Senators and R preseutatives chosen at a general election shall begin on the Monday fol? lowing such election and continue for four years. Sec. 2. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller General, Secre? tary of State, Treasurer, Attorney Gen? eral, Adjutaut and Inspector General ! and Superintendant cf Education shall hold their respective offices for the term I of four years and until their successors ! shall be elected and qualified. Sec. 3. All County officers shall hold their respective offices for the term of four years and until their successors are elected and qualified. j Sec. 4. The general election for mem? bers of the General Assembly and all i State Officers shall be held in every fourth year, at such time, in such rn?" ner and in such place as the General Assembly may provide. Sec. 5. Any provision of this Consti? tution in conflict with the foregoing amendment is annulled. That the ? question of adopting this amendment shall be submitted to the electors as : follows : Those iu favor of the amend? ment shall deposit a ballot with the fol? lowing words printed or writteo thereon: "Constitutional amendment relating to the term of office of members of the General Assembly and of State officers -Yes." Those opposed to said amend men t shall cast a ballot with the follow? ing words printed or written thereon: ''Constitutional amendment relating to the term of office of members of the General Assembly and of State officers -No." A joint resolution proposing an alter? ation and amendment to Section 3, Arti? cle II, of the Constitution of the State of South Carolina, relating to the form? ing of new Counties, was laid on the table-ayes 51, nays 41. Small-Pox. We again call the attention of our readers to the importance of early vac? cination, in order that they may there? by secure the measurable protection it gives against small-pox, and because I the degree of protection it gives may now he had without the danger of being innoculated with some terrible disease, that has always attended the use of humanized vaccine. The thirty estab? lishments in the United States where vaccine is ta':en direct from thorougly healthy calves or young cattle, afford an abundaur supply, stored on ivory points, and obtainable by all druggists and physicians, at a very moderate cost. The fact of having been vaccinated years.since does not afford proof of con? tinued safety, and while successful vac? cination is not an infallible safeguard against smallpox, it renders its fatal termination, if contracted, highly im? probable. Vaccination should be avoided when the system is suffering from manifes? tations of a tendency to erysipelas or in? flammation of any kind. As a mle children while teething should not be vaccinated. We also again remind our readers of the fact that a pinch of powdered sul? phur put in the foot of each stocking whenever they are changed, is, to a very considerable extent, absorbed by the system, and is a most effective preven? tive against the contraction cf very nearly all contagious diseases. Sulphur purified by precipitation (precipitated lac sulphur) is the best. The recent great tide of immigration to this country has resulted in a great importation and very general spread of small-pox. During the year 1880 there were but sixty-seven cases of smallpox reported in New York city, while for the year 1S81, there have been over thirteen hundred cases re? ported. Small Pox in Chicago. CHICAGO, January 20.-S waif pox has taken a firm hold in this city, and evidently has come to stay. Dr. De Wolf remarked to a reporter of the Inter Ocean, jesterday, that unless peo? ple will protect themselves by vaccina? tion, by the first of April, small pox will be rampant in this city, and man, women or child will not be safe here. Though Chicago has enough of small pox of its own, thc neighboring towns aud States are doing their best to in? crease it. Yesterday seven tramps, all broken out and covered with the filthy disease, weat to the health office for treatment. One of them came from St. Louis, another from Crown Point, Ind., and the others from other towns. Those have to be taken care of by Chic? ago. They cannot bc allowed to run at large. They also spread the contagion. Dr. Dc Wolf said that he would not be surprised to learn that at least thirty people were infected by these seven tramps. -- A remarkable use is being made of potatoes. The clear, peeled tuber is masccrated in a solution of sulphuric acid The result is dried between she.-is of blotting paper and then pressed. Of this ali manner of small articles aro made from combs to collars, and even billiard balls, for which the hard, bril? liantly white material is well fitted.