The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, November 30, 1905, Image 6
Iirinj Ont Tour Old Larr.
Collectors of old lace will have an opportunity
to display their "real" old
fabrics tins fall, for there seems to be
an abundance of lace on almost all
the new costumes. Heirlooms are be*
Ing ruthlessly slashed into, and one
l*/v? > l\t-/\l f/vl *- ??/\f no tA I
vaco.^i_iai\n uu^uiuicit? ici u^tu iw
handle old lace unless she could cut it
as she chose, t ring that even the
kandoome laces are far from decorative
If clumsily arranged. Long lace
Empire coats are among the season's
fads. Some of them are lined with
efiiffon and adorned with ermine collars.
The color is n!>out the only
warm thing about thrin. and, as they
are being designed for winter wear, it
looks as if pride would shiver this winter.
"New RiiiTi In Dtmanil.
Several of the milliners who go
abroad every summer brought back
with thi rn this fall oner novelty in the
way of an addition to a woman's toilet
that Las already caught on like wildfire.
It consists of an Elizabethan
ruff made of colored net. and is usually
made of a shade of the tiluy stuff to
match the wearer's gown. The favorite
colors arc the light shade of blue
that is so popular jnst now. though
some of the ruffs arc seen in pink, and
they are also made up in black and
white. Mrs. Clarence Maekay took her
Duchess of Marlborough to her favorite
milliner one day this week, and
before ibe Duchess left she had ordered
half a uczen of the new rufTs. Those
triflta Cost from $13 to $110 ench. aud
the demand for them is so greut that
in the few tig shops that keen them
there is a strict rule that none of the
ruffs may be sent out of town on approval.?New
York Tress.
Fnr High In Furor.
Fur is to be immensely fashionable,
and long coats, short jackets, and
fancy wraps of every description are
very smart. Mink and caracal are to
be iu great demand both for neckpieces
aud muffs to match and in long coats,
the long caracal ulster and the threequarter-length
coat being worn not
only for autoing. but for street wear.
Bands of fur are to trim all kinds of
cloth costumes, both rough and smooth
c?oths. and will also be used on house
and evening gowns, and the most ex
kw?nsivc as well as the cheaper qualities
will be employed.
Greer., gray. red. blue and brown
will all be fashionable colors, while allblack
and all-white gowns will be far
owe popular than last winter. In general
appearance there will not be so
marked a change in any detail of
dress as there was last year, and yet
there is enough individuality about
the fashions for the winter of 1900 to
make them extremely distinctive.
^ In Footgear.
Speaking of footgear reminds me
that the openwork stocking is -^ue
mode.'" tlio plain stocking has taken
its place. From an esthetic point of
-clew there is nothing more attractive
than a plain silk stocking molding a
dainty instep and ankle. Whether in
black, white, light tan or gray, with
shoes to match, they are the stockings
that a fastidious woman affects.
For tie fashionable satin shoe for
-evening wear the new stockings are
-inserted with small lace medallions instead
of the width of Chantilly, either
black cr white, that was so general.
Wiih pretty gowns It is indispensable
that shoes as well as hats and gloves
shall correspond in tone. The smart
new shoe is made of thin glove kid and
fastens mysteriously at the side. This
model does not show a pretty foot to
advantage as do the shoes opening in
front, still it's a fad. A pair of lilac
liid glove shoes were very fetching
with buckles in brilliants, fastened to
black patent leather straps. Our
grandmothers wore colored shoes and
used to send to the shoemaker a piece
? * ?511- A<w*U ?o\r cHrt
Oi SUk ur >atiu iivui ravu UV" ?<
The elegantes of to-day are equally
anxious to match the color of their
shoes and dresses, but they have kid
dyed to hariaoniz^ with the samples of
. material they send. This it appears is
no easy matter as very fine kid does
liot take the dye as easily as the
coarser kid.
School Hat*.
The most serviceable of school hats
arc these made of cloth with stitched
-brims and soft crowns. Sometimes the
entire hat is stitched aud is entirely
devoid of trimming except for a small
quilL There is no end to the range of
colors in which these arc shown, and
ill the new and fashionable shades
are reflected, thus having one exactly
matching the little one's coat or frock.
Ilib'jons are very markedly a feat
ire of juvenil millinery. The simplest
of flats tied about the crown
with wide sash ribbon, knotted in a
big Low in front, is always in the best
, of taste, and ;ty!e as well. There are
other Cats ir. soft French felt, faced
half way underneath the briui with
velvet, and the flat crown almost entirely
covered with a thatching of ribbon
loops.
Still another good model is of the
French felt?and. by the way. a mother
who can afford it will do well to buy a
good quality of felt, its service is so
much longer. The brim of this hat
falls in graceful lines, and the small
vrown cf the shape is replaced by a
Jarge^Tam crown of silk exactly the
shade as the felt. Wide bands
of t . ' silk, the edges doply stitched.
?w^-iaioitgd to forui the huge front
bow.
Velvet hats will be chosen for the lit'
* ?! TKb.
718 EQ1SS ari'JSltrr ajipnuuutr. iuig
^winter will probably see more of these
larje velvet shapes than have appeared
for some time past. Of course,
they are out of the question for school
w?xr. but many of theui r.re picturesquely
simple in outliue and lu trimmi
r;;.
, Ostrich Is shown on some of them,
Ibnt many mothers, even in the wealthier
classes, have' an aversion to the
Bsc of this piuninge on little folks'
******** >- y* tk
^eal/rk
bonnets, and these will choose the
large velvet hats rolled away from
the face slightly to one side of the
front, bent over the hair in the back,
the crown and upper brim caught
with a huge bow of the same material.
Women Who Kara Money on the Farm
Much has been said and written of
the l>oy and the farm, and of methods
and means wherewith to check the
constant movement of the young men
toward the cities. Yet we hear little
of plans to keep the girls on the farm.
With the ever-increasing list of opportunities
open to women in the business
and professional world, the rural communities
are l>eing as swiftly drained
of the best of their young women as of
their young men. Where one remains
at home to take an active interest in
farm life, ten go forth to swell the
army of teachers, stenographers, bookkeepers.
clerks and factory bands?the
living tribute money yearly demand*1
by the great centres of civilization.
One great factor in producing this
movement is that the girl on the farm
too often has no money of her own.
but is dependent upon her parents for
ciothes and spending money until she
marries. Many giris leave home for
hard and often uncongenial work in
an office or factory simply because it
offers them a chance of having money
of their own.
There is. however, an opening for
girls upon the farms, which, to those
who have a taste for out of door life,
should prove more healthy, more attractive.
equally remunerative and less
confining than many professions commonly
adopted by women. Some ot
the lines vhich appeal particularly to
women and along which women are
to-diry securing fair incomes, are poul
try-keeping, bee-keeping, pigeon-raising.
either fancy breeds or squabs;
flower-growing, either out of doors %r
green house work; forcing of early
vegetables, orcharding and the raising
of aromatic or medicinal herbs. There
is 110 reason, also, why women should
not own and operate successful grain,
dairy or fruit farms.
Within my own circle of acquaintances
three women have gone extensively
into poultry keeping, another is
successfully managing a fair sized
greenhouse, and another runs a small
fruit farm, \yith strawberries as it principal
crop. A girl just graduated from
college is going into partnership with
her brother in a large fruit raising venture.
Three of the women have been
successful teachers, and several are college
educated. One girl, the daughter
of a prominent New York business
man, became interested in a wornout
Vermont farm, which was classed as
a losing number In the list of the family's
goods and chattels, since both
father and son had tried their hands
at managing it. She took a course at
an agricultural college, begged and received
the farm from her father, and
within two years it was giving fair
.1 ? , ? if.* tiott* mf)iin(vnr
Not all gtrls. of course, ware for the
farm or for farm life, but give those
who ilo n chance. Let them have something
of their own. of which they bear
all the expense of running, and from
which they receive all the income. If
they are interested in crops or vegetables
let them have a plot of ground,
teach them how to till it. help them
secure labor and show them how to
market the produce to advantage. If
they like poultry give them a flock of
two hundred or three hundred hens.
Make your girls take an interest in
farm life by giving them something to
be interested in. and there will be fewer
permaturely old women coming
home to rest, broken down by the nervous
strain of the schoolroom, or the
long hours and close confinement of the
office.?Philena B. Fletcher, in the New
York Tribune.
If the girdle is right, the gown is
pretty sure to be.
It will be all right to touch youi
black gown up with bright-colored collar
and cuffs. ^
Braiding is again in vogue, and is
<.onsj ieuous on many of the new autumn
costumes.
Long kid gloves with lace insets are
nice, if you care to pay $13 a pair for
your hand coverings.
Besides the licliu proper, every one
who can afford it owns a collection oi
scarfs to wear over the shoulders.
The newest thing in leather purses
is shaped like a fan and worn on a
long chain around the neck.
Small curls, with the point of adherence
earefuily concealed in the well*
dressed coiffure, are extremely fashionable.
There is a delightful new chiffon veil,
bordered with applied velvet leaves in
the red. brown and yellow tints cf
autumu.
The woman who desires to be fashionably
gowned on a small income
will find a safe investment in black
broadcloth.
More curious than pretty are some
new shirt waist sets, wherein each button
represents a black cat's head with
green eyes.
Melted colors is the most descriptive
term to apply to the new plaids, in
which several soft shades run together
imperceptibly.
Flat bands are going to be used
a lot on skirts, and one of the newest
notions is a band of taffeta with a border
of little silk balls sewed flat to
each edge.
Coral jewelry is much to the fore.
The dark silk shirt waist suit is enlivened
by belt buckles and studs of
coral, and often the hatpin tops are
of*coral and a necklace of the same red
hue isfworu.
. / V-i'."
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"'I ' ?
^HOUSEHOLD
ini
CLEANING INDIA ItCBBER GOODS
To clean India rubber goods a piece
of clean household flannel sliouuld be
rubbed upon a bar of common yellow
soap. When a lather is obtained,
apply the flannel to the rubber and
pass it briskly ovt?r the surface. This
will speedily make the article clean
Set to dry in a cool breeze.
TO REMOVE IXIvSTAIXS.
Chloride of lime and water will remove
inkstaius front silver if well
rubbed on the stains and then washed
off nt once, the silver being polished
as ordinarinlly. Tlie solution for 1 lie
purpose is four ounces of chloride of
lime to one and a half pints of water.
This may be bottled and kept ready
for use.
USES OF KEROSENE.
Instead of using water to wash painted
walls take a basin of kerosene and
the walls will look as if just painted.
Kerosene is aiso good around the sink
to keep it clean and to he a menace
to the omnipresent Oroton line:. Try
kerosene on your sewing machine if
it clogs at all. Kerosene by its lubricating
qualities prepares the machine
for its special oil.
HANOI NO CURTAINS.
The most effective way to hang curtains.
especially if tiny are of line
material and attractive pattern, is to
drape them straight over poles and let
them fall to the floor without being
caught to the sides of the windows
with ribbons of silk or silk cord. The
number of chairs in parlor depends entirely
on the size of the room and The
persons in the family who will use
them. They should all be put in convenient
places and near the wall and
so arranged that they will be inviting
and not stiff or formal looking. No
tidies. lace or any kind of hanging
should ever be put on parlor furniture,
and even the most elaborate sofa pillows
art out of place in a well regulated
one.
Women who delight in decorating
their homes with pieces of fancy work
can rightfully in dulge this fad only
in their bedrooms, but good taste demands
that these should be simple.
TOMATO PASTE.,
Tomato paste is a good thing to have
In the house, and may be made when
tomatoes are plenty, ftalf a peck of
tomatoes, a carrot and an onion may
be sliced together, and to them is added
a good sized bunch ol' celery cut in
pieces, leaves as well as stalks. Boil
all very slowly until they are a sof'
paste that can be .put through a vegetable
press., Return this pulp to :he
tire with a tablespoonful of salt, a teaspoonful
of pepper, and cook slowly
once more until a little, spread to cool
in a saucer, thickens to a jelly.
Spread it out in pie plates in layers
about lialf an inch thick and let it
dry in the sun or in a cool oven.
When it is dry it must be packed in
boxes or wide mouthed jars. To use.
cook topether a tablpspoonful each of
butter and flour until they bubble,
pour on half a pint of water, put in
a piece of paste about three inches
square, and stir until the sauce is
thick and smooth.?Harper's Bazar,
fgt recipes ::?|
Preserved Plums?Wipe your plums.
clmnl.l lu rir\n nml firm Make
a syrup of two cups of sugar to a
quart of water. Drop pluuis in boiling
syrup and cook until soft. Can while
boiling hot in clean hot jars, filled to
overflowing with about two-thirds
fruit and rest of syrup.
Lemon Jelly and Nut Salad?Make a
stiff lemon jelly the day before it is
to be served. Wheu ready to use cut
in dice, add sliced orange and English
walnut meats minced, moisten with
French dressing and serve in orange
cups or on lettuce leaves with a teaspoonful
of thick mayonnaise on top
of each service.
Canning Corn?If the corn is young
and juicy it will require no water, but
if, on the other hand, it is old and dry.
you should add just enough water to
make it moist. It should be slowly
heated on the back of the stove aud
stirred often. Bo sure it is heated to
boiling point before putting in cans.
Fill cans full and screw on tops immediately.
Chicken and Nu. ,o,l?Stew until
tender a lump, om * bid chicken,
having the broth in wuicVit is cooked
well seasoned with salt, pepper nnd a
little celery salt. Let the chicken cod
in the broth over night;, when ready
to use take the breast of the chicken
and cut in small pieces, adding an
equal quantity of tender celery and a
half cup English walnut meats or butternuts.
cut in small pieces; mix well,
adding a little more pepper and salt,
if needed, and a squeeze of lemon juice
and moisten with a little of the until
ill which the chicken was cooked Add
mayonnaise to taste and toss ligntlv;
arrange on the lettuce leaves and
crown each portion w}th mayonnaise.
A Ml~hty Voice.
A new method of sending a mighty
voice across the sea involves the use
of a diaphragm which is made to vibrate
by electricity. To this are attached
two huge megaphones which
emit a deafening roar that can be beard
for many miles. The machine goes by
clockwork, and when wound up attends
to business for weeks without
reciiriug further attention. A dynamo
ft' nishes the requisite current. The
tfc-rible blast that bursts from the gapinf
mouth's of the twin horns, each of
which is fifteen feet long, can be beard
above the noise of the fiercest gale. It
literally shatters the air. Once started,
this vociferous guardian does duty
| night and day, and never goes to sleep.
It is designed specially for use on
points of rocks where bell buoys and
I whistling buoys are inadequate by reason
of the fact that the noises they
make are drowned by the roar of the
surf.
V **
' I ' _
1 ' "
Chile
IF I WERE QUEEN. '
If I were Queen of Anywhere
I'd have a golden crown,
And sit upon a velvet chair
And wear a satiu gawn.
A knight of noble pedigree
Should wait beside rav seat i
To serve me upon bended knee
With things I liked ta eat.
I'd have a birthday cake each day.
With candles all alight?
I'd send the doctors all away,
And sit un late at night.
?Lucy Fitch Perkins, in St. Nicholas.
WHY THE OCEAN DON'T FREEZE.
If the ocean did not have salt it
would freeze somewhat more readily
than it does now. but there would be
110 very marked difference.
The ocean is prevented fron freezing
not so much by its salt as by its
size and by its commotion. On account
of its size, large portions of it
extend into warm climates at all seasons,
and by reason of its great depth
it is a vast storehouse of heat. Its
current distributes much warm water
air^ig the cold.?St. Nicholas.
THE BABY BEETLE'S CRADLE.
IU at any time of the year, <ve walk
tlu ugh the woods where the red, searlet.
black or pin oaks are growing?
that is, where we iind those that ripen
their acorns in two seasons and therelore
belong to the pin oak group, says
St. Nicholas, we shall probably find
011 the ground fallen branches that
vary in size from that of a Jerd pencil
to that of one's thumb or even larger.
These at the broken end appear as if
cut away within the wood, so that only
a thin portion is left under the bark.
Within the rather uneven cut. generally
near the centre of the growth, is a
small hole tightly plugged by the "powder
post" of a beetle larva. Spilt open
the branch or twig, when a burrow
will be seen, and the little, white, soft,
hanl-Jawed larva that made it will,
be found or perhaps the inactive pupa.
A HEELING MATCH.
By looking at the picture you will sec
just what is needed to prepare for a
"heeling match." A stout broomstick
for what you might appropriately call
i your "heel bit" and two lengths of
strong clothesline or light rope securely
kuotted to each end of the stick for
the reins. Grasp the reins firmly in
your clenched lists and draw the
"heel bit" taut so that the balls of your
feet are off the ground and your
weight resting entirely on your heels.
The course must be short, as the race
AT THE START OF THE MATCH. f
must be run entirely on the competi
' 1.1 A nit
tors' lieeis. 1X115 WOUIU nut aetUJ at un
hard, but the "heel bits" must be kept
in place, and it is this condition which
makes the race much more difficult
than it appears. The second you lift i
your heels from the ground there is a J
chance of your heel bit slipping out
of its position, which instantly disqualifies
you.
You are also disqualified if you let
the ball of your foot touch the ground,
a ruling that will compel you to pro
eeed slowly and with care ir you want
to show your competitors "a clean pair
of heels."?New York Evening Mall.,
TRICKS OF ANIMALS.
There are a surprising number of
Quaker animals?animals whose regular
method of self-protection is to offer
no resistance to their enemies. The^
'possum's trick of "shamming dead" is
an old story. The hedgehog and some
of the armadillos refuse'to fight, hut
they are protected by sharp spines or
armor. Among marine animals Is a
starfish, often called the "brittle star."
which is the despair of collectors. It
seems to make it a point that none of
its fumlly shall be shown in a bottle
or on a museum shelf. When taken
i * from the water this starfish throws oft
its legs and also its stomachs. The
story is told of one collector who
thought he had succeeded in coaxing a
specimen into a pail, only to see it dismember
itself at Ihe last moment. W.
II. Hudson describes the death-feigning
habits of a small South African
fox common on the pampas. If caught
in a trap or overtaken it collapses as if
dead, and to all appearances is dead.
Some kinds of beetles, many of the
wooly caterpillars which have poisonous
hairs on their backs, and numerous
spiders adopt the same trick. Perhaps
the commonest instance of pasI
sive resistance is the land tortoise,
which draws up its front piece and
pulls in its head and legs and defies its
foes by locking them out,
THE SPELLING EXAMINATION.
The day of the spelling examination
had come at last, and Johnny went to
school in a very nervous frame of
mind. *
He had worked hard and faithfully,
and had studied his little blue spelling-book
until it seemed that he knew
it all.
There was to be a prize for the
child pasjiing the best examination. It
was a beautifully bound book of
stories. Johnny did so want the book,
and now at last the day had come.
i Each scholar was given a strip of
paper ruled off into twenty-five lines.
The teacher was to read the word^nid
give three minutes to write it in. There
were to be twenty-five words.
Johnny tried his pen, and, because
it did not write easily, he raised his
f hand and asked for a new one. It was
given him, and, with liis little fore?
9
' r ' . >
head drawn nto a scowl, ho wrote the j
heading and waited for the teacher to
give out the word. lie looked around,
and he was so excited that nothing
seemed natural. The clock looked as
though it was laughing at him, and |
the big insurance calendar seemed '
twice as large as before. 1
"Kunning." The teacher pronounced
the word slowly and distinctly. Johnny
knew how to spell that ull right, 1
and he quickly wrote it down. It 1
seemed an age before the teacher gave (
out me D2Xt wuru.
Johnny soon got used to waiting, and 1
when the twenty-fifth, the iast word
I was about to be given, he knew he bad
all of them right so far. If only ho
could get the last one!
"Business." said the teacher. Toor
Johnny was heart-broken! It was the
j one word iu the whole book that lie
could not remember. Did thc'i"
come before the "s," or was it "b-u-si-a-e-s-s?"
For the life of him ho
couldn't tell, fc'o he sat there looking
blankly at the calendar, slowly reading
the advertisement. Suddenly a
liush came to his cheek?, and with a
quick glance at his teacher, he wrote
down the word correctly.
The next day on which the prize
was to be given. Johnny went to school
with a sorry little heart under his
jacket. Even the thought of the prize
cou 1<1 not make him l'ecl happy.
After the morning exercises, the
teacher stood lip to give the prize.
"The spelling of the class has pleased
me greatly," she said. "It was a hard
examination, and I did not expect any
one to have them all right, but one
boy did have them all right, and another
bad all right but one. I am going
to give the prize to Johnny Fairbanks,
as he had every one right.
Tommy Jones had all except one."
Then she started to pass the book to
Johnny. Johnny was very white and
seemed to be trying to say something.
Finally be burst out: "Give it to Tommy.
I cheated. Miss Hawley. I
couldn't think bow to spell that last
word, and I was looking at the calendar
there, and the word was on it; and
I didn't say anything about it, but
wrote it down just as fast as I could."
TV-"v ? T/vK?r.?.? I f Ka Kn/ln'f 1/wbnH n t t
i I UU1 UULZ11UJ? 1L uu uuuu c iwavu ?*% i
the calendar he might have had the i
prize; for without that last word he 1
had as man}' as Tommy. But the t
teacher had given the book to Tommy t
as he had asked. i
That evening at the supper table c
Johnny told all about it to his father s
and mother. His father said: "I had 1
rather see you man enough to own
up than to see you win a thousand
prizes." So Johnny went to bed happy.
Two days later his joy was made j
complete by a handsome book of ,
stories, prettier than the prize book. On f
the first page his father had written: j
"To take the place of the spelling prize t
which your honesty made youjfivc.uD.'' ,
?Success. j
i
NOVEL TAPER BOX. 1
Cut a seven-inch square from heavy
paper and fold first?through the ce:i- ?
tre, corners to corners; next?fold each .
corner to centre line; thirdly?fold each 1
corner to lino beyond centre; continue '
folding until you have a square of '
squares, as the dotted lines in the cut 1
indicate.
Now we are ready to do some cuttin?,
says the American Home .Tour- [
nal. The three-cornered pieces '
marked X must come out. Then cut 1
the slots marked C. allowing the small '
squares to turn iu, forming the cor- 1
ners of the box.
The slits marked A are cut in the cen- '
tre of the points, and those marked 1
B are cut from opposite sides of the 1
other two points, and then fold to the
centre of the point, making tt possi- 1
ble to slip the one point through the (
slit in the other point.
Uv ;
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! ^/KQ. .aA -/-V. \*
\ *y\ V/
/ ->v. '?- /*" i ^ / \
A B) :
: V. v
Kr'Sfi/xX /x\?/; M :
rr.ettr little pipe?, box. i
When both sides are carefully closed 1
you have a pretty aid unique little
souvenir box. When f iled with small '
candies, they make nice bonbons boxes
for a children's party.
The boxes may be made in many '
sizes and different colors; a group of
them hung from ribbons are a pretty
ornament, and the making of them
will help to pass away a rainy afternoon.
Weird Funeral of a Maori Chief.
Major Te Keepa ltangipuawhe, the
last of the great chiefs of the Arawa
tribes of New Zealand, who died at '
the age of eighty, has been accorded
?l-.uu t'nn orol n t Un.
a remaikaui) ncuu <.uuv>u.
torua. New Zealand.
After bis death the Arawa tribet
assembled for the obsequies, and held
a "tangi" for three weeks?weeping '
and feasting. A ipilitary funeral was
accorded by the government, and the
procession, which was strangely diverse
in character, comprised many
hundreds of natives and Europeans.
The body, covered with the Union
Jack, was carried by native chiefs to
a grave on the summit of a conical
hill, while Maori children chanted
hymns, and part of the funeral ceremony
consisted of throwing huudreds
of loaves of bread into the air for the
sustenance of the departed chief.?
London Daily Express.
# A Diplomatic Giant.
Sir Brooke Boothby, who is attached
to the British Embassy at Brussels,
is the tallest man Ln the "diplomatic
service, being over six feet seven.?The
Onlooker.
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Road* and Road Making:.
HE problem of pood roads
| ___ is always uppermost in the
) 'P O farmer's mind. In some'Io
( X oallties we have stone 01
pravel roads, but in nurner
ous sections of our eoun
ry nothing but dirt roads can be found,
f there is anything that will depre
late the value of land it is a pool
oad. It is not always necessary thai
i dirt road should be a poor road, bill
he system of working the roads ir
nost of the districts is abominable, tc
say the least. It is not an uncommon
iraetice for the road boss to plow a
drip of land alongside the road, and
cry carefully have this loose mass pul
lpon the road lied only to make a mirt
>f it at the next rain. We have seen
i road lio.ss order a man to plow shul
vagon ruts, and 10 continue plowing or
>otli sides until the last furrow was
lutside of the road. Such methods art
jot road making, but road destroying
Irainage and a hard road bed are the
wo principles involved in all road mat
ng.
In constructing a road it is neeessarj
o cut it sutilcientiy in the centre t<
five drainage. The arching varies
vith the soil and the lay of the land
>ut for the average twelve foot road
ve would suggest about a four inch
irching. In our day soil it is essen
ial that the aater is carried away as
apidly as possible. The ditches along
he side should be wide, but rathei
shallow, and seeded with grass to prerent
washing. On hillsides an ocea
iional dam. built of stone, across the
'.itch to break the rapidity of the watei
s advisable.
When the road bed is once made il
'an be kept in good condition by the
lse of King's road drag. This drag Is
mule of two half logs with a piece ol
iteel as a cutting edge nailed to the
ront piece. By hitching the horses ofl
he centre the soil is pushed into the
oad froni the outside, thus maintainng
the arch. In many communities
he farmers have decided to keep up
lie road along their land; by the use
>f the drag soon after every rain renarkable
results have been obtained
K??+ .? mitntfac tn fitti
.1 I ftlllil U III i\ 1CU IllJIiUHO K\S &U?i
he drag up and down once or twice a>
ho road demands it. and it does away
vitli the foolish, time wasting method
>f "road working."?F.. Knorr. Milium
;ota Experiment Station, in Inland
"'armor.
/
I'fllsp Shonlrlcr*.
Many a highway commissioner. nnx
ous to serve his town.and advance his
oad work, leaves what are known as
also shoulders on the side of the road
n operating his road scraper he fails
o put the toe of the blade clear to tlic
litch on the side of the road, but
daces it a foot to a foot and a hall
learer to the middle of the road, thus
naking a new ditch and leaving a
thotihler of dirt between the new ditch
ir.d the old one.
Some highway commissioners do this
11 the expectancy that the next yeat
hey will cut this shoulder away to the
iriginal ditch and gradually widen
heir road to the lines of the foriuei
litch. These highway commissioner?
tlways open waterways at frequent in
crvals between the new ditch and the
)ld ditch through the shoulder, letting
he water run to the proper pine \
Others neglect to put in tiies e water
vays through the shoulder, and thej
soon find that the roadbed Is badlj
vashed. and tho.v wonder why It is thai
hey have such bad luck, when thej
ried so hard to serve their town well.
It is not an easy thing to be a high
?vny commissioner, and it is not ar
?asy thing to build or maintain a road
ind it requires experience from the re
stilt of mistakes. If a man who has
jeen an indifferent highway commis
(inner his lirst year improves in hh
ivork the second year, he' may be re
elected, and become as valuable.
x>mmlssioner as the town could ob
tain. He must have his heart in hi.<
a ork or he yannot do his town credit.
New York'd Wucon Trafllc.
Over 12,000,000 tons of agricultura
products are carried over the ordinarj
wagon roads in the State of New Yori
each year, and this is not taking iut<
consideration the delivery of quarrj
md forest products, or merchandise
fertilizer, etc.. carried away from tin
marketing points back to the farm
it seems safe to say tlint at least 40.
ino.ooo tons are carried over the wagoi
roads of New York State every year.
Therefore, if the roads of the Stat<
v?? v?"l- Imnrnrwl until tllOl
JL 1V?I\ ?n.i?
were equal to those of European conn
tries there would he a saving of ovei
SotUHXuMX) each year to the people 01
the State of New York, in accordance
with the best estimate made bv tin
Department of Itoad Inquiries of tin
("nited States Department of Agricul
lure.?Frank D. Lyon, in the Auto Ad
locate.
Safe ami (food Rnaiti,
New York Tribune: "If by a eompar
atively slight increase in the cost tin
main highways of the State may b<
brought to the degree of excellence de
ma tided by modern ideals and up-to
late methods of travel, and at the sanii
time made safe from the danger o
grade crossing accidents, neither thi
State nor the towns affected shouli
grudge the expense. Experience ha
shown that the railroads are ready r<
stand the share of the cost which th
law compels them to assume."
Travels Willi Hli Cat.
t'wo of the most novel visitors t<
Winchester this week were Mi
Charles Iioe and his large maltfse cal
Mr. Iloe came from Baltimore., an<
after spending the day in Wfncheste
left for Natural Bridge, completing i
portion of a trip from Maine.
As long as the weather is good an<
the roads in condition he walks, ridin
0:1 the train only when had weatbe
compels.
His companion is an eighteen poun
maltese cat, which he saved from deat
eight years ago and which follows hit
everywhere. ? Winchester correspoi
deuce. Baltimore Herald.
- f
INTERNATIONAL LESSON COMMENTS H
Pr~ DECEMBER 3. W
Subject: Xehemiah Rebuild* the Wall*** SHI
.Jerusalem, Neh. lv.,7-30? Goldea T?xt?
Matt, xxrl., 41?Memory Verse*, IS, M ifflj
?Com. -lentary on tbe Di;'i Leiaon.
I. A conspiracy (vs. 7, 8). a BH
7. "Sanballat." An officer of-tfie
, Tersian Government, holding a mill- '
tary command at Samaria. He was a BM
jmuie ul iue laiiu 01 jiouu; uiereiure
his hatred to the Jews. "Tobiah." A. SB
descendant of the hated race of Am/ R|
monites. "Arabians." Headed probably
by Geshem, and in league with H
the Samaritans against the Jews. Bead
8;* The building of the wall was constrated
feuo a design to fortify them* flfl
selves and then revolt and become an * BH
independent State. "Aslidodites." Inhabitants
of Asbdod, one of the great
cities of the Philistine plain. 8.. "Gonspired."
The enemies of the Jewrw# ,
so bitterly opposed to the rebuilding of ^B|
the walls that they employed every
[ form of opposition in their power.
t j II. Praying and watching (vs. 9-11) |H
v. .>evtrriueiess. i uisiauuuu)
the conspiracy and all other discour- ^H|
agements. "Made our prayer." Xehe- HB
miah was conscious that he was working
according to God's will, and he
knew the source of power. "Set a ^ESfl
watch." Opposite to the place.where
they were encamped, probably^ on the UHI
north side of the city. Faith aud works I n
go together. Watching and praying, H|
weak when apart, a Gibraltar of BH
strength when united. 10. "Jadah B9H
said." That is, the returned captives, H H
} most of whom were of the tribe of Jto1
dah. This verse expresses the despair,
of the little nation. Many of the neos'
I pie had no heart for the work; some^bf
the nobles were in correspondence
with the enemies (6:17-19). Even the
high priest had relationship with hoitile
foreigners (Ammonites?Tobiah and
liis sou married Jewish women), and
gave them favors (13:4, 5, 28).
"Strength?decayed." From the extent
of the work, the fewness of the
laborers, and the exhaustion of their
physical powers they seemed unable
to complete their task. "Not able." ;
. Their statements were probably cor-">
rect, but their conclusion was wrong.
They were able to build the wall, and
; they did it. 11. "Adversaries said." y
In this verso Xehemiah condenses the | ?
1 hostile utterances of their enemies.
! This would cause a constant and dis.
heartening fear.
III. Precautions taken (va. 12-14). #
12. "Jews which dwelt by them." , g
Those who dwelt among the Samari1
tans and other enemies and found out 'j?
! their evil designs. They were anxious
to have their friends and kinsmen return
to their homes and families. "Ten
i times." Equivalent to "again and
j again." "Ye must return"
Leave the work and go hgjne because^-^ oj
, of the threatened danger. 13. "Lower
places." Within the wall where it was ,\j
yet raised to its due height, and
1 therefore most liable to the enemies'
assault. "Higher places." Where the
wall was finished nnd towers were 8 *"
from whence they might shoot arrow u
or throw stones. This would show the v
enciny that they were fully prepared,
for their intended assault and wonld
! give notice that rheir secret plan was
known. "After their families." In
i family groups, so that the men that J-< .'
> guarded the wall had their kinsmen fd
: nearest them. Thus the soldiers need >
I not be distracted by anxiety for their %
families, for those whom they, desired ' . J|
to defend were at hand. 14. "Be not A q
1 ye afraid." The pagan allies^-Jiad"*'
1 joined their forces: their army was advancing
and d'ofibtless in sight, and an
attack impending, when Xehemiah
made this short, stirring appeal. No
conflict followed, for the enemy saw
from a distance that the whole people
awaited them in perfect order and
equipment; so tliey lost heart and u 5 $?
> KnnL' "Pomomher thp T,nrd_" T
Ill I uru uuv. a.
The best of all arguments for patriotic
' courage.
; IV. Working and watching (vg. 16*
. 20). 15. "We returned, all of us. to
. the wall." Noble persistence In a good
. purpose. The momentary withdrawal v
from the work to be ready for the
Lord's battle had neither changed their
purpose nor dampened their ardor.
16. "My servants." Probably a ane-^
cial band of men given as personal
- guards, by either the King of Persia
i or the people at Jerusalem. "Half-*
wrought?half?held." This is no una- i
! sual thing, even in the present day in
Palestine; people sowing their seed are ^
often attended by an armed" maji, t%
fho irnha frnm mhhintr tfiem
jMlMClH lUt Atllvo - 0
5 of their seed, which they will not fall
to do if not protected. "Habergeons/***^
i An old English word for coat-of-mail, *y
- from "halo" (neck) and "bergen" (to
} protect). "Rulers?behind," The chiefs
stood behind the laborers, stationed at
different places along the wall, direct*
ing and encouraging them, ready to
, lead on the armed force if an attack -i
was made upon the laborers.
17. "They which bullded." Masons,
: bricklayers and the like. "They that
> bare burdens." The carriers of mate*
rial. 18. "That sounded the trumpet." I
The workmen labored with a trowel in .Jl
? one hand and a sword in the other;
and as they were far removed from
each other, Xehemiah, who was night
and day on the spot, kept a trumpeter
1 by his side, so that on any intelligence *
of a surprise being brought to him an
- alarm might be immediately sounded
' and assistance rendered to the most
- distant detachment of their brethren.
19. 20. "And I said." etc. By these
f vigilant precautions the counsels of the
, enemy were defeated and the work
^ was carried on. God. when He has
portant public work to do. never fails
to raise up instruments for accomplish
I inf ir The work was completed in the . {
- brief time of fifty-two days (6.15), end- "
in? the last of September. The walla
must hare been three or four "mile*
Ions to reach around the city. i
Shot Fox with Golf Ball.
Foxes have been trapped, shot and
* poisoned from pionee# days, but It has
0 remained for Mortimer Fagan of Troy,
f N. Y., to kill one with a golf ball, and p
Mr. Fagan Is extremely proud of the
1 exploit.
s I <n thp week Mr. Fagan weflt
EJCIAIJ am V?W _
0 out on the links to practice and h^d
e made the third tee when a strong
head wind came u^and he was forced
to drive with all liis-strength to send
o the gutta percha ball any distance. .J
Just beyond the tee was a natural
hazard consisting of a stone pile aad Jj
* a brook, and to clear the latter he m
struck with all his might. -V
a The ball went a bit low, stATck the ^
stone pile, caromed and, bounding over
j the water, struck in the bushes close * 1
? to the bank. The instant the ball
r landed Mr. Fagan heard a weird, peculiar
cry, and ran forward. The next
(l instant he came upon a red fqx writh^
ing at the edge of the brook. The
hard ball had caught him between the H
^ eyes as he was drinking and he died u
before the man reached him.
whH