The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, August 24, 1905, Image 3
|^|^flKirs That Presents Some
^H^^Hereslio; Phases
Hq|HEN AND .NEGRO NORMAL
Country New Largely Dependent Upon
the Foreign-Born Woman For
Its Increase of Population Except
in the South, Where Progressive
Decrease in Rate Since 1860 Has
Been Much Less Marked.
>" ?
g*Vagh?Tn?*r?n Special.?That there
has been a persistent decline of the
birth rate in the United States since
1860 is the conclusion reached in a
bulletin issued by the Census Bureau.
The bulletin is by Prof. Walter
P. Wilcox, of Cornell University, and
it is explained that "although the
analysis made offers many suggestions
as to probable tendencies in the birth
rate of the United States, it is, primarily,
not a study in birth rates, but
Indicates a study in the proportion of
children to the total population or to
the number of women of child-bearing
age."
"The result of the study shows that
at the beginning of the nineteenth century
the children under 10 years of
age constituted one-third and at the
' end less than one-fourth of the total
population. The decrease in this proportion
began as early as the decade
of 1810 to 1820, and continued uninterruptedly,
though at varying rates, in
each successive decade. Between 1850
?? and 1860 the proportion of children to
women between 15 and 49 years, the
child-bearing age. increased, but since
1860 it has constantly decreased. It is
stated that the decrease has been
very unequal, but that if the computation
is made upon the basis of 20jrear
periods it has been regular. In
1860 the number of children under 5
years of age to 3,000 women 15 to 49
years of age was 634; in 1900, it was
only 474. The proportion of children to
potential mothers in 1900 was only
three-fourths as large as in i;>ov.
attempt is made by the author of the
bulletin to determine the probable
causes of this decline. An extended argument
by Gen. Francis A. Walker is
given, suggesting that it is largely due
to the influx of foreigners and the resultant
shock to the population instinct
of the natives.
In the general decrease between
1890 and 1900 not a sngle State of the
North Atlantic division took part. In
seven other States, also, there was no
decrease. In only six States, Maryland,
Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky and
Indiana, did the proportion decrease
in each of the five decades; and in
only Delaware. District of Columbia,
Wisconsin. Minnesota, Iowa, Oregon
and Colorado did it follow the tendency
for the country as a whole, that is,
Increase from 1850 to I860, and decrease
in the four succeeding decades.
In 1900, for the United States as a
r'\. whole, the proportion of children was
only two-thirds as great in cities as in
the country districts. In the North Atlantic
division, however, it was almost
as great in the cities as in the
country. In the Southern division it is
hardly more than half a3 large in the
cities as in the country; while in the
far West the difference is intermediate
in amount This, it is explained,
Is probably due, in large measure, to
the fact that the immigrant population
who have been swarming into the
Northern cities of recent years, espe
dally into the cities of the North Atlantic
States, havt been multiplying
lantic States, have been multiplying
by numerous births with much rapidity,
while ihe corresponding laboring
dass which has immigrated to Southern
cities from the surrounding country
districts has not been thus increasing."
A comparison is made between the
-proportion of children born of native
mothers to 1,000 native women of
child-bearing age and the proportion of
children born of foreign-born mothers
to 1,000 foreign-born women of childbearing
age. In 1900 the former proportion
was 462, the latter 710, the
difference indicating the greater fecundity
of foreign-born women. The bulletin
continues:
"The comparison also indicates that
the total decrease in fecundity of
white women between 1890 and 1900
was the result of a decrease for native
white women, partly offset by an increase
for foreign-born white women.
"In the Atlantic divisions, how
ever, there was a slight increase in me
proportion of children born to native
white mothers, and in the South central
division thefe was but a slight decrease.
The decrease for the whole
country, therefore, was the result very
largely of the great decrease in the
North central and Weestern divisions.
Was Offered to Mr. Cleveland.
Norfolk, Va., Special.?In connection
with the selection of Harry
St. George Tucker for the presidency
of the Jamestown Exposition, which
was announced recently, it has developed
that the presidency was offered
to former President Cleveland several
months ago and that he considered
the offer for some time before finally
making up his mind that it would be
out of the question for him to accept.
Mr. Cleveland will probably be chairVnan
of the advisory board of one hundred
distinguished Americans who will
be asked to serve the exposition.
President Not to Visit Tennessee City
R. Pr:<e president of the chamber of
commerce, through whi.-h body an invitation
was extended to Fresident
Jtoosevelt to visit Knoxvilie on his
Southern tour, is in receipt of a let-*
? a Dr Qiw?th_
ler siauug iaai iuc x i<.oiuvu<. o u?ui.u
ern trip has been planned with a viewto
visiting the principal cities of only
those States not included in previous
tours. The President w iil have no time
to visit Tennessee cities.
Georgia Legislature Adjourns.
Atlanta. Ga., Special.?Georgia's
Leg^lature adjourned at 9:45 o'clock
Fridany night, closing its session, constitutionally
limited to 50 days. Until
almost the last moment the fight lasting
for several days between the two
branches of the Legislature continued
over a till fixing the general State liquor
license, the Senate contending for
$500 and the House for $500. The former
figure was agreed upon. Other features
of the sessions have been the
creation of eight new counties, making
the total 145. also the disbanding
of the five negro companies in the State
military organization.
?Weath?r Conditions Given Out by the
\ Department Observer.
x The South Carolina section of the
climate and crop service of the Department
of Agriculture issues the
following official bulletin of weather |
and crop conditions for the past
week:
The mean temperature for the
week ending Monday, August 14th,
was slightly above normal over the
eastern half and slightly below over
the western. The extremes were a
maximum of 103 degrees at Blackville
Stli and a minimum of 64 de- f
I'arm work espeeiauy iiu > mg ??uvi p?.. |
ing fodder. Nearly qjl crops have ,
been laid by, and further cultivation
is now impracticable.
With very few exceptions the reports
on cotton indicate rapid deterioration
due to excessive shedding:,
rust and the plants turning yellow.
These conditions prevail over practically
the entire State, but are most
marked on sandy lands. In many
places growth has stopped, while in a
few the plants are making new
growth. Bolls are opening rapidly
in the south and central counties and
considerable has been picked. The
excessive heat of the 5th, (ith, 7th and
Mil was very damaging to cotton.
There is a general improvement in
the condition of late corn due to the i
ample moisture which came opjiortunely.
Tobacco curing is nearly tin- ;
ished. Peas, sweet potatoes and all i
varieties of cane are doing well. The j
frequent rains interfered with pre pa- j
rations for full truck crops. Rice
made fine progress. Pastures improved
rapidly and again afford fine
grazing. Turnips were sown extensively.
Late fruits, especially apples
and peaches are rotting badly.
J. W. BAUER,
Section Director.
Very Narrow Escape.
Blacksburg, Special.?A party consisting
of Messrs. R. C. Wright and
A. M. Deal, Mrs. S. M. Deal, her
mother, Mrs. Davis, all of Columbia,
and Mrs. Jno. Scott of Atlanta, were
returning from Cherokee Falls on
Broad river. In crossing a small
stream, which was swollen out of its
banks, the horses balked when near
the opposite side from which they entered.
breaking the harness, and leaving
the carriage and its occupants
to the mercy of the swiftly flowing
and rapidly rising stream. By the
heroic efforts of the gentlemen, and
by wading a short distance the ladies
were rescued, and through the kindly
oflices of a passing countryman and
his mules the carriage was brought
out of the stream and the now happy
party enabled to proceed on their way
rejoicing, and instead of a watery
grave they had only suffered a slight
immersion. They are all on a visit
to Mrs. M. E. Deal of this place and
Dr. S. M. Deal of Columbia lias arrived
to join the family reunion.
Conductor Bull Injured.
Greenville, Special.?Charles E.
Bull, a well known freight conductor
>f the Southern railway, who resides
in this city, was thrown from the
front door of his caboose at Juneau,
a Hag stop live miles south of Charlotte
on the main line of the Southern
and dangerously injured by being
run over by the car from which lie
was precipitated.
Gored by a Bull.
Anderson Special.?Mr. Eugene
Snipes, a farmer living some distance
below the city, was painfully gored
by an infuriated bull Wednesday
alternoon. lie nau gone to tiie cowlot
to milk his cows when the bull
unexpectedly attacked him. He was
gored several times and severely
braised about the body, and it is certain
that he would have been killed
had not others come to his rescue and !
with the aid of pitchforks driven off
the maddened animal. Just as soon
as Mr. Snipes was rescued he secured
a pistol and killed Che bull.
Probably a Peddler.
Rock Hill, Special.?The body of a
white man, aged about GO years, was
found lying beside the railway track
near the Manchester mills. The head
was resting on a erosstie. There were
no marks to show foul play or that
he had been struck by a train. The
night before the body was found a
man answering the description of the
one found dead applied for shelter
at a house in the mill village
Senator Tillman Challenged.
Spartanburg, Special.?Mr. C. P.
Sims, the attorney of this city, has
challenged Senator Tillman to a joint
debate on the dispensary. Mr. Sims
has recently been prominently before
the public as attorney for certain of
the Spartanburg dispensary officials
during the recent investigation here.
One letter sent Senator Tillman not
having been answered, another eha^
lenge has ben sent to the senior senator.
grees at Greenville on the 9th. There
was less than the usual amount ot'
sunshine. High winds damaging to
corn and cotton, prevailed during the
middle of the week in the western J
counties. Bottom lauds were flooded |
* -A' >!.? Wo 1
along the upper portions 01. iuc ??luda,
Broad, Wateree and Great Pee
Dee rivers and their tributaries and
considerable corn destroyed.
The long drought was broken over
the entire State. The rainfall was
heaviest in the central counties where
it amounted in places, to over six j
inches, and was least in Beaufort and '
Georgetown counties where it was :
generally less than half an inch, j
Tl??re was rain nearly every day and J
the ground is now thoroughly satu- I
rated. The rain was needed and in I
places was very beneficial, but in
others it caused deterioration in crops
| especially cotton and interfered with
? ??.i ??ii_
Loaded Excursion Train Goes Into
Cpen Craw Bridge
CARELESSNESS OF THE ENGINEER
Excursion Train Ran Into an Open
Draw Bridge, the Engine and Two
Cars Loaded With Negroes Goinj
Into Deep Water.
Norfolk, Va., Special.?Owing to the
inability of Engineer D. L. Reig to
control his air breaks, an excursion
train from Kinston, N. C., bound to
this city, plunged through an open
draw in a bridge over the western
branch of the Elizabeth river at Bruce
station, eight miles from Norfolk, \
Thursday afternoon, and a half hundred
persons, mostly negroes, were
drowned. Up to a late hour Thursday
night only seven bodies had been re- |
covered from the wreckage. The list
of injured, so far as can be ascertained.
numbers nearly one hundred,
though most of these are slightly hurt.
A large number of physicians from j
this and nearby cities have gone to the
scene.
Only Two White Victims.
Among the victims, the only white
ones were Edward Joliffe, manager of
the excursion, and Edward Forbes,
who assisted him, both of Greenville,
N. C.
The Merritt wrecking organigation
dispatched an expedition to the scene
for the purpose of raising the sunken
cars, which lie in about 35 feet of water.
Until the cars are raised, no accurate
estimate of the number of dead j
can be given.'
The train was composed of an engine
and six passenger cars. The engine
and two cars went through the
draw, leaving the four rear cars on
the track. One car was completely submerged
and the other partly submerg
CU. lMSluiug Id vidiuic UL IUC lutumvr i
tive, not even the smoke stack. It is i
believed every occupant of the first ,
car perished. The dead can be gotten j
out only by diving under the car.
Struggle Terrible to See.
The scene following the wr'eck was
one of indescribable horror, with the 1
shrieking of men, women and children,
who were drowning, struggling
out of the partly submerged coach and
floating in the river.
The passengers who were uninjured
immediately started to rescue those
imprsoned in the cars. Norfolk and
Portsmouth were communicated
with and the physicians were sent out
on a wrecking train. Many people in
the neighborhood went to the scene
of the wreck and helped in the rescue.
The injured were taken to the track
embankment and were attended there
by the physicians.
Collins Ferguson, the colored bridge
tender of the Atlantic Coast Line, was
knocked from the bridge by the impact
and killed. Engineer Reig and
Fireman Alfred Cooper, colored, es-j
caped by Jumping.
Trains before and Behind.
nni U. a a. 1. XT !
me wrechea iruiu icit musiim, in.
C., at 7 o'clock Thursday morning
with 165 colored excursionists for
Norfolk. It was due to arrive at Norfolk
at 1 o'clock the same day. Following
this train was another excursion
over the same road bringing 300
excursionists from Rocky Mount, N. C.
Preceding the wrecked train was still
another excursion train carrying some
300 merchants and others from Augusta.
Ga., Charleston, S. C. and Jacksonville,
Fla., bound to Baltimore, Philadelphia
and New York for the purchase
of fall goods.
The first train arrived at 8:30
o'clock Thursday moining without accident
and the Augusta, Jacksonville
and Charleston merchants all left for
VTrkrfV* ThnroHov nio-ht hv WfltPr
The Rocky Mount excursionists and
the survivors of the wreck were
brought here over the Norfolk & Western.
Engineer Couldn't Explain.
The Atlantic Coast Line officials are
at a loss to know why Engineer Reigs
failed to stop his train before coming
to the dfaw, as required by the rules
of the road. An investigation of the
cause of the wreck will be made at
once, and the responsibility placed
where It belongs.
Reigs, himself, could make no explanation.
He was brought to Norfolk.
He was taken from the barge on
the shoulders of three men. He entered
the hospital ambulance on his j
knees, crawled to a pillow in the front!
and buried his head in it. He could
only tell that his name was S. B.
Reigs and that his home was in East
Radford, Va. He could not give the
cause of the disaster, and the ambulance
was hurried at once to the hospital.
By Wire and Cable.
Capt. Ruser, of the steamship
Moltke. reports unusual activity on
the part of the Gulf Stream in the path
of steamers.
Chicago advices indicate that the
sugar rate war between Eastern railroads
and the Gulf lines has been terminated.
A negro entered the home of an
Episcopal cdergyman in New York and
struck down the minister and his wife.
He was himself killed by a policeman
in trying to escape.
The Japanese papers are divided in
their views as to the outcome of tne
peace negotiations.
The yellow fever situation in New
Orleans was not materially changed.
The Hongkong authorities forbade
Chinese to hold a meeting to agitate
further the American boycott.
A cordial welcome was given the Taft
party at Iiolio, Philippines.
In the Norwegian referendum only
111 votes were cast in favor of continuing
the union with Swenden.
Because it was not apporved by
Queen Wilhelcinu the Dutch Cabinet
recently named has bv?n recast.
Nursery Association Meets.
Norfolk, Special.?The Southern Nursery
Association, which embraces the
principal fruit interests south of Bali
ticiore met here. J. Van Lindly, of
Pomona. N. C., is president of the association.
There are about 75 delegates
in attendance at the convention. The
time of the body was taken up principally
with the reading of reports and
papers on special subjects of interest
to nurserymen.
Occurrences of VP^ct^^^^Pbous
Parts orthe Stl
Spartanburg Schools.
Spartanburg, Special.?Tine 20th
annual report of Spartanburg graded
schools, compiled by Superintendent
Frank Evans, and printed in
attractive book form, will be issued
within a few days. This rejxirt contains
a great deal of itneresting matter
pertaining to the educational affairs
of the city. The following is a
summary of general statistics: Population
of city in 1000, 11,39."); pop
illation in 1905 (estimated) 15,000;
enumeration 10 to 20 (estimated),
5,500: number of pupils in public
schools, 2.4S4: average daily attendance,
1.70$; per cent, of white, 90;
per cent, of colored. SS; number of
white teachers, 2S; number of colored
teachers, 10; number pupils ]>er
teacher, 47; number school buildings,
4; value school buildings, $44,000;
value school lots, $25,000; school furniture
and aparatus, $0,500; value of
libraries, $350. The receipts for the
school year 1904-05 amounted to
$21,405.71, and the expenditures to
$21,000.43.
Clemson College Report.
The report on Clemson Collele has
been issued. It shows that the rimers'
college established for the ^>or
boys, has become one of the richest
ami most expensive institutions in
the South. The attendance is about
000, and, in many particulars, the
school is doing a splendid work in
turning out boys with occupations by
which they can earn a good living.
The report shows that $1552212 was
spent for the last scholastic year.
Much of this came in from what is
known as the fertilizer privilege tag
tax. a tax of 25 certs a ton on commercial
fertilizers from the manufacturers.
This tax last year amounted
to $118,000 and will he about the
same this year. A fight was made
in the last Legislature to have this
tax divided with Winthrop, but the
scheme, after a vigorous tight, was
killed in the Senate.
Two Anderson Officers Wounded by
Ruffins.
Anderson, Special.?Sheriff Nelson
R. (Jreen and his deputy, W. N. Scott,
received slight wounds at the farmers'
barbecue last week in arresting
four young men of the county for disorderly
conduct. The men are A. L.
Whitten and three brothers named
Kichey. It seems that these men
were cursing and talking loudly at iie
table and when they were ordeled
by the sheriff to keep quiet one of
them resisted the officer, who was cut
across the abdomen, liis deputy was
also slightly wounded. The men were
taken into custody and are now in
the county jail.
8outh Carolina Item*.
The election held in Union county
to vote out the dispensary resulted
in a large majority for the dry ticket.
Captain Tillman H. Clark, one of
the founders of the town of Trenton,
died Wednesday night. He was a
jx>pular and useful citizen.
Senator Tillman spoke at Anderson
last week. In his speech he outlined a
plan to put the dispensary into the
hands of the governor, the attorney
general and the comptroller general;
that these purchase the supplies for a
year at a time from the lowest responsible
bidder, the bids to be accompanied
by bond for faithful ]>erformanee
of contract.
Kobert Havnsworth was killed by
a live electric wi?*e at Darlington
Thursday. He had gone out to repair
some electric light wires that
were broken by a storm, and caught
hold oi a live wire, resulting in instant
death.
The South Caroliua Industrial and
Commercial association was organized
last wcekfthe membership being eomjKised
of progressive young men representing
the boards of trade and
such business organizations in the
cities of the State.
Steamers now ply regularly between
Georgetown and Columbia. It
is said that freight rates will be
much eheajHU' in consequence.
9
Member of Saluda Bar Passes Away.
Saluda. Special.?A 'phone message
received here announces the sudden
death of Mr. John Gregory, an attorney
of this bar. near Oldtown, in
Newberry county, about noon Thursday.
Mr. Gregory resided here and
practiced at this bar. He left Saluda
Tlnnsdny morning, saying he was going
to Chappclls. On arriving at a
?? ? i
!!";!r i.'Kiruwii nt- rwmpj.uucu
<?i lV**!i;i_r badly and died soon aftorwar.'js.
lie leaves u wife and one
e!iiid.
The Bootmaker in China.
Boots are only worn In China by
officials, servants, soldiers, sailors,
and special hob-nailed boots, occasionally
in wet weather, by the common
people. The universal form of footcovering
is a shoe, whilst coolies and
the poorest classes have to content
themselves with straw or leather sandals,
or go barefoot. Women's shoes
are made at home and. except in isolated
cases in Shanghai, are never exposed
for sale in shop3. This remark
dees not apply to the peculiar form
of shoe worn by Manchu women,
which is perched on a sort of small
stilt. In the north, during the winter
months, the ordinary boot or shoe Is
often wadded or lined with sheepskin,
and of late years reproductions of Chinese
boots and shoes in india rubber
have been imported from the United
States and Germany, and found favor
with Chinese at the treaty ports.?
London Answers.
! Many Complaints From Macy Sections
I ave Been Lodged
! INTER-STATE COMMISSION ACTS
i
Southern, Seaboard, Atlantic Coast
Line and Other Railroads. Along
With the Armour Car Line tnd
Other Such Concerns Are Made Respondents
in Proceedings.
Washington, Special.?The interstate
commerce commission, on its own
initiative and as a result of complaints
against private car lines, unexpectedly
began an investigation of the relations
between railroads and refrigerator
lines, by which it is charged that the
act to regulate inter-State commerce is
being violated in several specified particulars.
The complaint set forth by
the commission is directed against the
Armour Car Line, the American Refrig
erator Transportation Company, the
Santa Fe Refrigerator Dispatch, and
the following railroads:
St. Louis & San Francisco. Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe, St. Louis. Iron
Mountain & Southern, Central of Georgia,
Southern Atlantic Coast Line. Seaboard
Air Line, Pennsylvania, South-J
ern Pacific, and Kan.as City South^
ern. *
The railroads and refrigerator lines
are made respondents in proceedings
which require that specific answer to
all allegations be made to the interState
commerce commission by September
5.
It is charged that by way of rebates
or other devices the refrigerator lines
are acting for the railroads as authorized
agents, and the railroads, acting
through the refrigerator lines, are collecting
and receiving for the refrigeration
of fruit and vegetables lower rates I
I fmm some shinDers than they are con- |
tempnraneously receiving for similar
service rendered to other shippers. This
Is heid to be in violation of section 2
and 3 of the act to regulate inter-Slate
commerce.
Another charge is that failure and
neglect to publish at shipping stations
and file with the inter-State commerce
commission the rates and charges imposed
for the refrigeration of fruits and
vegetables, constitutes a violation oP
section 6 of the inter-Sta;:e commerce
act.
The commission alleges further that
the charges published jointly by the refrigerator
lines and the railroads for
the refrigeration of fruits in certain
specified territories are unreasonable,
unjust and in violation of section 1.
The territories described are Missouri,
Adkansas, Indian Territory, Texas,
California to Eastern points. Louisiana
i and Kansas, and Georgia,.South Carolina
and North Carolina, to New
York.
fomnlaints against the private car
lines extend over the entire life of the
first act to regulate inter-State commerce
and all acts amendatory thereto.
Hearings have been had in various sections
of the country, and not infrequently
have changes in the schedules
been made for the announced purpose
of remedying alleged abuses. Combinations
of railroads and private car
lines have prevented any wholesale
regulation of these rates. Charges of
discriminations against small shippers
have poured in on the commission for a
number of years. The matter has been
made the subject of investigation by
congressional committees, and several
laws have been passed giving increased
powers to the commission in an effort
to reach alleged combinations said to
be prohibitive of the small shipper entering
into competition with shippers
leasing by the year large numbers of
private cars.
The action taken by the inter-State
commerce commission now indicates a
belief that certain cases set forth in the
proceedings can be reached under the
present laws. In any event, the proceedings
are looked upon as a test, and
it is declared they will prove of inestimable
value in informing Congress
what new laws are needed for national
control of private car lines where combinations
are made with railroads
which affect the freight and refrigeration
scedule.
For National Assembly.
St. Petersburg, by Cable.?A commission
has been appointed to draw
, up a manifesto which will be issued by
the Czar announcing the convocation
of a proposed national assembly. This
commission will be composed of Baron
Inskoul Von Dildebrandt, M. Manoukhen
and Stiestunsky and Prosecutor
General Pobiedonostzef.
Killed by N. & W. Agent.
Roanoke, Va., Special.?A Roanoke
Times special from Wytheville, Va.,
says that Frederic*': Borchers, a prospector
from Philadelphia, who has
been prospecting on Cripple Creek,
this county, for several months, was
shot and killed while returning from
Wytheville by Charles W. Gose, Norfolk
& Western Railway agent at
Cripple Creek station. Borchers and
Gose had some misunderstanding
about some money. Boychers came to
Wytheville at a late hour last night,
and after attending to some business
J here, lert for urippie ereeK. nt ??
I met b* Gose on the mountain, where
! he was killed.
Pays Big Dividend.
New York, Special.?The Standard
Oil Company has declared a quarterly
dividend of $t> per 'share payable
September 15th to stock of record of
August 18th. This makes $30 per share
declared so far this year against $20
per share for the same time last year.
By Wire and Cable.
By a practically unanimous vote,
| Norway declared in favor of the dissolution
of the union with Sweden.
The contemplated session of the
peace envoys Monday afternoon was
omitted in deference to the wishes of
the Russians, who Asired to observe
the Sabbath, both Itlssians and Japanese
going to church
M. Witte still wantyhe sessions of
the envoys public, ^ot the Japanese
say Count Cassini insisted upon secrecy
some time ago.
President Roosevelt is authority for
the statement that Congress will probably
not be called together in extra
session.
The mayor of Richmond signed the
annexation ordinance.
H A
r \
v "j :
SOUTHERN f,
C ? -ft- ?
TOPICS OF INTEREST TO THE PL ANTE
t,
l'rfparlng Land For Alfalis.
H. .T. C.. Franklin, writes: "I have 1
about three acres of land which I desire
to seed in alfalfa. For the past 1
four years I have been seeding this 1
down to crimson clover in the fall, 1
turning this uuder in the spring and
planting com. The laud is medium
stiff with clay subsoil. I would like
your advice how to proceed to get the
land in alfalfa. I have another piece 1
of land that has only heen in cultiva- *
tion since last year. Last year it was 1
seeded to cowpeas and in the fall to 1
crimson clover, wheat, rye and oats. I
Would you advise seeding this land to <
alfalfa?"
Answer?'It would be well for you to
turn under the crimson clover on the i
land intended for alfalfa, plow it down 1
deeply, work carefully, and seed to
cowpeas as soon as possible, now un- :
der these about the first of September,
and subsoil at the same time, going
down as deeply as possible behind the
turning plow. You can not get too
much vegetable matter and nitrogen
in the soil for alfalfa nor make the
land too rich. When you sow the cowrfeas
you might make an application
'of 200 pounds of sixteen per cent, acid
phosphate and fifty pounds of muriate
of potash, and repeat this application
when you seed the alfalfa. Sow at the ]
rate of twenty pounds of seed, and in- ,
oculate either by soil or artificial cultures
as you see fit. After the alfalfa j
is up a light application of nitrate of j
soda, say, fifty pounds per acre, will ^
be beueficial. Do not clip or pasture 4
the alfalfa during the fall. If a good <
stand is obtained it may be cut for hay j
the next year when just coming into |
bloom. If it seems sickly and is yel- ,
lowish in appearance, clip frequently (
miuu&ijuui iail- aiiiimiri.
The other piece of land which you
Intend to put in alfalfa should be
treated somewhat the same. If it is
poor it is hardly worth while to sow
alfalfa on it until it has been made
rich and freed of weeds, for weeds constitute
one of the most serious drawbacks
to alfalfa culture. If you do
seed to alfalfa sow the cowpeas at
once and plow them under and treat as
already outlined. If conditions are unfavorable
for seeding in the fall it
would be better to again sow the land
to crimson clover, or some other winter
growing legume and break up early
in the spring and seed the alfalfa at
that time. If the ground is dry and
the season backward the alfalfa wlil
not germinate and make a good stand
before cold weather comes on, and it is
hardly worth while to seed it, as it will
be almost certain to result in failure.?
Trofessor Soule.
Inoculating Land For Cowpeaa.
? ? ? . * " - tl... T 1
E. A. S., Kicnmona, va., wruw. *
would like some suggestions as to what 1
would be the best way to inoculate '
COO acres for cowpeas.
Answer: Peas often do fairly well :
without inoculation, as the seed is '
large and very often covered witb '
the bacteria which produce the nodules 1
for this particular crop. When grown 1
on poor land the first year, however, 1
they are likely to show a large number J
of nodules, and therefore inoculation '
is a matter of some considerable con- 1
cern. We would be glad to send you
the inoculating material from the 6ta- '
tion if it were possible for so large an 1
area, but it would cost you consider- 1
able, and it is likely that you could ar- *
range to get a few loads of earth from '
a field which grew the peas success- '
fully last year, but you should be cer- 1
tain that the peas formed a large num- (
ber of nodules. Get about 200 pounds *
of earth for each acre you intend to
sow in peas and mix with the seed and 1
drill together, or you could broadcast
the earth over the land and then go
ahead and seed the peas. One hundred
pounds of earth are often consid- 1
ered sufficient, but it is better and *
safer, as a rule, to use 200 pounds. ?
You could probably pet the earth at a 5
lower cost than we could furnish you
the material, and It is doubtful if we
could undertake to furnish enouph for
GOO acres, as the demand on us for
small amounts is very preat, and we
are havinp preat difficulty in pettinp
out enough bacteria for the principal
leguminous crops to supply the needs
of the small farmer. Soil inoculation
is safe and is recognized as effective
and under the circumstances I feel
justified in advising strongly the importance
of inoculating your land for
black peas.?Andrew M. Soule.
Destroying Sassafras Sprouts.
TV. I.*C., Stewartsville, writes: "I
would like to know how to kill sassafras
sprouts. I used lime and have
succeeded in getting red clover on
part of it. but the sassafras seems to
get thicker each year. I have heard t
that common salt would kill the stuff, c
and I fear if I put it on thick enough t
to kill the sassafras it would kill the i
trees." t
Answer?The most effective method 1
of destroying sassafras sprouts that i
has come to my attention is through 1
Pointed Paragraphs.
Sacrifice always looks most attractive
when it is too late to give it.
Better is it to be able to make
friends than ;o build up finances.
The greatest place of honor is the
one that duty gives.
Repentance does not unto the power
of evil example.
You cannot increase short weight
with heavy words.
All great work accomplished is but
an outlook for larger work.
The word of salvation is always in
season. ,
The fear of the Lord secures the {
flight of the devil. 1
The lowering brow does not prove '
the heavy brain. <
Walking worthily means more than <
walking wearily. (
Sueprstition is what you do not be- '
lieve science is what you do. :
Prosperity is not synonymous with 1
Providence. t 1
' II
ARM'- f/OTES.
R. STOCKMAN AND TRUCK GROWER. f
the use of a very heavy strong plowi
that can be run at a depth of ten or H
twelve inches in the soil so as to ef- fl
fectually get under the roots and tear
them out and bring them to the sur- fl
face. If necessary put on four mules, I
and run the plow so as to cat and tear
the roots loose in the soil. Then, if
you will run a heavy harrow over the I
land, or, better still, some form of cnl
tivator that has curved teeth on the 9
same principle used in many corn cul
lira tors, you will be able to gather the
roots together in bunches on top of the
ground, and after allowing them to
iry awhile you can burn and destroy
them effectually. Of all the methods
I have ever seen and tried this has I
proven to be the most satisfactory, |
find I am sore it will work well under
proper conditions, for I have seen a? I
number of fields Hterally Infested witli I
sassafras cleaned up as suggested. I
Lime and salt will not destroy sassa
fras roots from what I know of this I
pest, and I agree with you in believing B
that If enough lime were used to be of ~~B
service that it would be more or less
likely to injure the trees growing oa I
the land.?A. M. Soule. 11
ImproTlng Corn by Selection of Seed. , I
H. C. R., Claxton, writes: I would I
ike to know what you think of the ^ I
ralue of seed selection for corn. I
Answer: There is no doubt but that I
the yield of corn can be increased I
:hrough judicious selection so as to ob- B
tain a strain that will be more proline Jj| B
ban many varieties now grown. In 1
experiments I have made I have noted1 '1
hat where SOOO.stalks were planted to 1
:he acre not more than 6000 ears wero 9
sometimes harvested; whereas, la *m
>ther plats with an equal number of 'M
stalks as many as 9500 ears were bar- , -M
rested. It Is easy to see, therefore, M
that some varieties are more prolific JM
than others, and as a matter of fact;
there are quite a number of stalks in
practically all corn fields which are M
barren. These stalks are large enough J
to produce a heavy ear and would of- j
ten do if the variety were selected so 1
is to avoid any sterile stalks. Corn 1
breeding may be compared in impor- \
tance to animal breeding; just as strik- 1
ng and valuable results can be ob- 1
talned by giving care to selecting dedrable
strains of com as have resulted 3
n the systematic effort to develop a fl
trotter of phenomenal speed in Amer- 1
tea. The analogy in the two instance# \
is complete and would answer your J
question as fully as pages of facts of
similar importance.?Professor Soule. 3
Low Headed Tree*. , 1
The old style orchard was often high
beaded, with the limbs well up out of ,1
the way. The idea was to train the -J
tree so high that teams could be driv- 3
en under and to keep the limbs above * $
the reach of cattle. Now that these jj
Items are of less importance to most |
archardlsts the tendency is in the op- |
bosite direction, until J. H. Hale asks
pertinently: "What's the use of a trunk >
anyway?" It may be said in favor of
the low down tree that the fruit may ""yl
>e picked at considerably less cost and ^
is not so likely to be blown off by the ^
wind. Spraying is also less difficult
it is in many ways the better tree for fc
those who do not cultivate directly
jnder large trees and who keep cattle \
away from the orchard. In a row of J
the summer apples the trees were cut
sack much shorter than in many or* 1 1
?hards, consequently the limbs are
sturdy enough to hold the fruit with)ut
bending. These trees averaged
ibout four cases to the tree. The treea ,
)ranch out about eight or ten inches *
'rom the ground. . Ke?p
Ducklings Dry. I
It Is claimed that the Pekin duck J
will thrive well without ponds. It la I
true that the ducklings can be more
?asily raised away from ponds or
streams than when ai'owed to have ac
oss thereto, but this ls> due to the fact :vm
hat most of the ducklings are hatched
vith incubators during the winter season,
when the cold waters of the pond J
vould chill them and cause loss,
k'oung ducks will thrive better if they
ire kept away from the ponds until " ^
hey are well feathered, but despite all
:Iaims in favor of the Pekln ducks as
jeing adapted to dry locations, my ex)erience
Is that the adult ducks are
nore contented when they have a
jond. Like all aquatic birds, they enjoy
the water, and they will thrive on
in open field away from water (ex- $
ept for drinking), yet they give the
jest results when they have the privil?ges
of a pond.
Remedy For Potato Bogs.
Here is a true and tried remedy t? ' J
ise for potato bugs: Take the boughs
>f the cedar tree, limbs and all, cut
hem up and put into a pot and boil 3
'or two hours. When cool apply with
i broom on the potato vines. The
svriter lias tried the above receipt, and
t killed or made the bugs move fron>
lis patch.?Polk County News,
Shot Husband For Burglar.
Royston, Ga., Special.?Ex-Senator
ind County School Commissioner W.
Ei. Cobb, of this place, was fatally shot
jy his wife ?for a burglar. He was
mconscious until his death at 1:30 -M
/clock in the morning. Mr. Cobb was
shot twice, one shot taking effect in
:he head, ahe other taking effect in
.iu abdomen.
' ? . .
No Fever in Missippi. ~
Jackson, Miss., Special.?There Is
10 yellow fever cases in Mississippi,
iccording to the official announcement
nade by the State Hetnth Board.
The suspicious cases reported at Holljr
Springs and Yazoo City were diagnos?d
by experts and both pronounced
ordinary types of malana. The board
las inaugurated a policy of sending
fellow fever experts out on special
:rains wherever a suspicious casq is