The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, December 05, 1901, SUPPLEMENT, Image 10
* hy the cours? thus required by err
own iniennsts.
\ The natural mine ofvelcptrent fv
a policy of reciprocity will 1 in e inflexion
v.-'th those of our pro .n i.u.
which no longer require nil of t:te ^upport
once nccJc.i to criaMl/h
upon a scuud basti?. er.J with the
others where eiih-. r because c: n.t: . 1
or of economic causes v.e arc bv/oad
lie reach of success:' 1 competition.
5 ask the attention of the Sonata to
the reciprocity treaties laid uc:ore it
by my predecessor.
Merchant Marine.
The condition of the American merchant
marine is such as to cn.ll for immediate
remedial action by the Congress.
It is discreditable to us as a Nation
that our merchant marine should
be utterly insignificant in comparison
to that of other nations which we
overtop in other forms of business. We
should not longer submit to conditions
tinder which only a trifling portion of
cu: great commerce is carried on our
own ships. To remedy this state, of
things would not merely serve to build
up our shipping interests, but it would
also result in benefit to all who are interested
in the permanent establishment
of a wider market for American
* ' A onv
products, and wouiu prov 1UO an ??>.?
iiiary force for the N'avy. Ships work
for their own countries just as iailroads
work for their terminal poln.s.
Shipping lines, if established to the
principal countries with which we
have dealings, would be of political as
well as commercial benefit. From every
standpoint it is unwise for the United
States to continue to rely upon tie
ships of competing nations for the distribution
of our goods, it should be
made advantageous to carry American
goods in American-built ships.
At present American snipping is
trr.der certain great disadvantage s
* when put in competition with the shipping
of foreign countries. Many of the
fast foreign steamships, at a spned of
fourteen knots or above, are subsidized;
Aid all our ships, sailing vessels
ond steamers alike, cargo carries of
slow speed and mail carriers of higi
speed, have to meet the fact that the
original cost of building American
Bhips is greater than is the case
abroad; that the wages paid American
officers aud seamen are very much
* * higher than tho'e paid the officers and
veamen of foreign competing coun;ries;
and that thr? standard of living on out
ships is far superior to the standard
of living on the ships of our commercial
rivals.
Our Government should take such
actIon as will remedy these inequaiit?*s.
The American merchant marine
-*??-? u, -oo'n-ni to the ocean.
SLwUiU UU icoiwjvu ??* ???
The Gold Standard.
The Act of March 14. 1SOO, intended
unequivocally to establish gold a3 the
standard moaey and to maintain it a
X?irity therewith all forms of money
^^^^nodittm in use with us. has been shown
of oar Government bonds In the world's
market, when compared with the price
of similar oblibations issued by other
nations, is a flattering tribute to our
C public credit. This condition it is evitk-ntly
desirable to maintain.
In many respects the National Banktag
Ijw furnishes sufficient liberty for
- the proper exercise of the banking1
function; but there seems to be need
of better safeguards against the de-'
ranging influence of commercial crises !
and financial panics. Moreover, the
currency of the country should b? j
made responsive to the demands of our
domestic trade and commercve.
Trv collections from duties on iraand
internal taxes continue to
? :*?. t J the ordinary expenditures of
tr* llivernment. thank3 mainly to *he
. .1 army expenditures. The utctr.
care should Lc taken not to re dri
the revenues so that there will be
cry possibility of a deficit; but. after i
prrc. ling against any such contingency.
means shouid be adopted wa'rh |
v}': lrini the revenues more nearly:
within the limit of our actual needs. In
ti>. : -oort to the Congress the Secre-!
iary of the Treasury considers all -.hese
questions at length. and I ask your at- !
tert.ua to the report and recomnien- j
dations.
! call strict attention to the need of
strict economy in expenditures.The fact '
thr: our national needs forbid us to be '
ni'gardly in providing whatever is ac-;
tua'ly necessary 10 our weu-using,
should make us doubly careful to luts>a:.ii
our national resources, as each
if is husbands his private resources,
ay scrupulous avoidance of anything
*lik" reckless or wasteful expenditure,
only by avoidance o f spending money
on what i3 needless or unjustfiable can
wr legitimately l.eep our income to the
pen: required to meet our needs that1
tire genuine.
Interstate Commerce.
In 1SS7 a measure was enacted for
tbe> regulation of interstate railways,
commonly known as the Interstate
Commerce Act. The cardinal provi.siors
of that act were that railway
ratrs. should be ju3t and reasonable
t en;! that all shippers, localities, and
commodities should be accorded equal
treatment. A commission was created
and i ndowed with what were supposed j
to be the necessary power: to execute |
the provisions of this act. j
That law was largely an experiment.,
Experience has shown the wisdom t.f
its purposes, but has also shown, possibly.
that some of its requirements
are wrong, certainly that tho means
devised for the enforcement of its pro ?Js'ons
are defective. Those who complain
of the management of the railways
allege that established rates aio
-in-jint^inp.l tliif rebates and sim
ilar devices are habitually resorted to:
that these preferences are usually in
fa"Oi- of the lar.ee shippers: that they
drive out of business the small competitor:
that while many rates are too
low. many others are excessive: and
th:U gross preferences are made, affecting
both localities and commodities.
I'pon the ether hand, the railassert
that the law by its very
le:m? tends to produce many of these
iTrgai practices by depriving carriers
of that right of concerted action which
Uri-y claim is necessary to establish
and maintain nondiscriminating rates.
'IL act should be ameotlvd. The
lit.l-v.'.y is a public servant. Its rates
ch'tciJ te just to and open to all shippc:
alike. The government should
*
fthat within its juris.!: -run
I t^is is s.i and should provide a s; edy.
' ^\pm. iv \ ami o'lective remedy ;>
iii' ?nii. At the ?u:ne t'n.e it must
. : l' f;: ~c:tcu That o;:r railways are
; ;!> > ait r. through which the .
r.i* vial l:!i-l iood of this nation lio.vs.
ivjthing cvK'.id t-? more foolish 'a n
. the thiacTui* a: of logis'.ar.ca v.i. -h
! would i:n:i ..s-ariiv interfere with the
j (leveiopntiAii and ojvmation of th.se
commercial agencies. The subject .s
cue of great importance and calls for
tin* earnest attention of the Congress.
Department of Agriculture.
The Department cf Agriculture d urinethe
past fifteen years has
i utcadily broadened its work on cron|
omic lines, and has accomplished results
of real value in upbuilding doj
mestic and foreign trade. It has gore
into new fields until it is now in touch
1 with all sections of our country and
! with two of the island groups that
I have lately come under our jurisdic|
lion, whose people must look to agiT
J culture as a livelihood. It is search'
ing the world for grains, grasses,
fruits, and vegetables specially fitted
j for introduction into localities in the
[ several States and Territories where
j tbcjr may add materially to our rcr-ourcea.
By scientific attention to soil
i survey and possible new crops, to
1 hreedine of new varieties of plants.
u? experimental shipments, to animal
industry and applied chemistry, very
| practical aid has been giveu our
: farming and stock-growing interests.
; The products of the farm have taken
' an unprecedented place in our export
I trade during the year that has just
I closed.
Our Insular Possessions.
| In Hawaii our aim must be to do;
velop the territory on the traditional
| American lines. We do' not wish a
region of large estates tilled by
cheap labor; we wish a healthy
j American community of men who
themselves till the farms they own.
All our legislation for the i3lan is
I should le shaped with this end in
I view; the well-being of the average
home-maker must afford the true test
of the healthy development of liic
i islands. The land policy should as
' nearly as possible be modeled on our
homestead system,
i It Is a pleasure to say that it Is
hardly more necessary to report ar to
Porto Rico than as to any State cr
territory within our continental
limits. The island is thriving as never
, before, and it is beiing administered
efficiently and honestly. Its people
are now enjoying liberty and order
under the protection of the United
! states, ana upon mis ian ?c i-?u;
grataiate them and ourselves. Their
material welfare must he as care'
fullv and jealouslv considered as the
welfare of anv other portion of our
country. We have given them the
great gift of fM^ccess for their pro'
ducts to the nWKets of the United
States. I ask the^ittention of the ConL
gress to the need of legislation concerning
the public lands of Porto
Tas"
made toward putting the independent
government of the island upon a firm
footing that befofe the present session
of the Congress closes this will
be an accoiuElifiBed tact. Cuba will
then start as her own mistress: and
fo the beautiful Queen of the Antilles,
as she unfol Is this new pago of her
destiny, we extend our heartiest
gieetings and good wishes. Elsewhere
1 have discussed the question of re
ciproclty. In the case of Cuba, however.
there are weighty reasons of
morality and of national interest why
the policy should be held to have a
peculiar application*and I most earnestly
ask your attention to the wis-|
riom. indeed to the vital need, of providing
for a substantial reduction in
Via tariff Untinc on Pnlian imnorts
into the United States. Cuba has in !
her constitution affirmed what wc j
desired, that she should stand, in international
matters, in closer and :
more friendly relations with us than ;
with any other power; and we are;
bound by every consideration of honor j
and expediency to pass commercial
measures in the interest of her material
well-being;.
In the Philippines our problem is
larger. They are very rich tropical
islands, inhabited by many varying
tribes, representing widely different
stages of progress toward civilization.
Our earnest effort is to help these
people upward along the stonv an 1
difficult path that leads to self-government.
We hope to make our administration
of the islands honorable
to our Nation by making it of the
highest benefit to the Filipinos themselves;
and as an earnest of what we
intend to do. we point to what wc
have done. Already a greater measure
of material prosperity and of governmental
honesty and efficiency has
been attained in the Philippines than
ever before in their history.
It is no light task for a nation to
achieve the temperamental qualities
without which the institutions of free
government are but an empty mockery.
Our people are now successfully
governing themselves, because for
more than a thousand years they have
been slowly fitting themselves, sometimes
consciously sometimes unconsciously,
toward this end. What has
taken us thirty generations to achieve
we cannot expect to see another race
?- ? 1;?l. A,.f V.iaoniidinllv I
aevuixipiiou UUl Ul UUUU,
when large portions of that race
start very far behind the point which
[ our ancestors had reached even thirty
generations ago. In dealing with the
I Philippine people we must show both
j patience and strength, forbearance
. and steadfast resolution. Our aim is
high. We do not desire to do for the
i islanders merely what has elsewhere
been done for tropic people by even
th best foreign governments. We hope
to do for them what has never before
; been done for anv people of the
I tropics?to make them fit for self;
government after the fashion of the
. reallv free nations.
History mav safelv be challenged
! to show a siugle instance in v. hlch !
a masterful race such as ours, having
j been forced by the exigencies of war
! to take possession of an alien land.1
has behaved to its inhabitants with
the disinterested zeal for their pro
gress that our people have shown In
] the Philippines. To leave the islands
: at this time would mean that they
; would fall into a welter of murderons
: anarchy. Such desertion of duty on
; our part would be a crime against
> humanity. The character of Gov:
ernor T/aft and of his associates and
, subordinates is a proof, if such be
needed, of the sincerity of our effort
I to give the islanders a constantly in
: creasing measure of soli ?ovt*rn:.unt.
C'xai tly as fast as they show tht-nv
] seivt-- fit to exercise it. tin.-e ;!.
; civil : v.as establish:! no;
an jini:.".' m has been iiir.;!: :a iiiv
isiau:-. ivu.i any leftrciue to ? *>
si?'eiatk-:i 01 political inliuente. to
viM.hr .-.'jo t: .. . ii.,i iiirioc? n, :r..- iur.il
' aa.i tin1 lift ..s of ino service.
; in our an .iei> for the welfare un<i
progress of i .e Philippines, it mny If
that hero and there we have gone too
rapidly in giving t.cora local scif.rov,
eminent. It is 0:1 this side :hat our
j error, if any. has been commitie-i. NV
j competent observer, sincerely dei
sirous oi' finding out the iaas and in1
fluenced only by a desire tor the v:c 1i
fare of the natives, can assert that
I we have not gone far enough. We
have gone to the very verge cf safety
in hastening the process. To have
taken a single step farther or faster
in advance would have been folly and
weakness, and might well have been
crime. We are extremely anxious
) that the natives shall show the po**|
er of governing themselves. We are
j anxious, first for their saltes, and
{ next, because it relieves us of a great
j burden. There need not be the slight:
est fear of our not continuing to give
i them all the liberty for which they
1 are fit,
I The only fear is lest in our over'
anxiety we give them a degree of in'
dependence for which they are i nfit,
thereby inviting reaction and disi
aster. As fast as there is any reasonI
able hope that in a given district t'ne
' people can govern themselves, selfgovernment
has been given in that
j district. There is not a locality fitted
I for self-government which has not reI
eeived it. But it may well be that in
j certain cases it will have to be withI
drawn because the inhabitants show
! themselves unfit to exercise it: such
i instances have already occurred. In
I other words, there is not the slightest
J chance of our failing to show a sufficiently
humanitarian spirit. The dani
ger comc3 in the opposite direction,
j There are still troubles ahead in
i the islands. The insurrection has lieI
come an affair of local banditti ar.:l
| marauders, who deserve no higher regard
than the brigands of portions of
the Old World. Encouragement. d're<-1
or indirect, to these insurreetos stands
on the same footing as encourage
meat to hostile Indians in the davs
when wo still had Indian wars. Exactly
as our aim is to give to'the Indian
who remains peaceful the fullest
and amplest consideration, auttc
havo it understood that we will show
j no weakness if he goc-s on the warj
path, so we must make it evident, an
i less we are false to our own traditions
and to the demands of civiliani
tion and humanity, that while we will
I do everything in our power for the
Filipino who is peaceful, we will take
the sternest measures with the Filipino
who follows the path of the In
6urrccto and the ladrone.
The heartiest praise is due to Urge
numbers of the natives of the Islands
for their steadfast loyalty. The Maca
> bebes have been conspicuous foi
War be empowered to take some svatematic
action In the way of aiding
those of these men who are crippled
in the service and the families of
those who aje killed.
The time has come when there !
should be additional legislation for!
the Philippines. Nothing better can i
be done for the islands than to introduce
industrial enterprises. Nothing j
would benefit them so much as throw-1
ins them open to industrial develop- j
nient. The connection between idleness
and mischief is proverbial, and ,
the opportunity . to do remunerative 1
work is one of the surest preventives
nf war. Of course no business man
will go into the Philippines uuless,
It is to his interest to do so; and it is 1
immensely to the interest of the |
islands that he should go in. It is
therefore necessary that the Congress
should pass laws by which tho
resources of the Islands ran he de-,
eloped; so that franchises (for
limited terms of years) can be:
granted to companies doing business
in them, and every encouragement be ,
given to the incoming of btfsiness
men of every kind.
Not to permit this is to do a wrong
to the Philippines. The franchises
must he granted and the business per-1
mittcd only under regulations which !
will guarantee the islands against anv j
kind of improper exploitation. Rut the :
vast uatural wealth of the islands |
must be developed, and the capital 1
willing 'to develop it must be given
the opportunity. The field must be
thrown open to individual enterprise,
which has been the real factor in the
development of every region o\cr
which our flag has flown. It is urgent
ly necessary iu cuaui Mmauic
dealing with general transportation,
mining, banking, eurtency. homesteads.
and the use and ownership of
the lands and timber. These laws
will give free play to industrial enterprise;
and the commercial deveiopjnent
which will surely follow will afford
to the people of the islan is the
best proofs of the sincerity of our desire
to aid them.
I call your attention most earnestly j
to the crying need of a cable to
Hawaii and the Philippines, to be continued
from the Philippines to points
in Asia. We should not defer a day
longer than necessary the construction
of such a cable. It is demauded |
not merely for commercial but for
political and military considerations.
nuttipr tho Coneress should imme
diately provide for the construction
of a government cable, or else un arrangement
should be made by which
like advantages to those accruing
from a government cable may be
secured to the government by contract
with a private cable company.
No single great material work
which remains to be undertaken on
this continent is of such consequence
to the American people as the building
of a canal across the Isthmus coni
necring North and South America.
I Its Importance to the Nation is by
no means limited merely to its material
effects upon our business prosperity;
and yet with view to these effects
upon our business prosperity;
and yet with view to these effects
alone it would be to the last degree
important for us immediately to begin
it. While its beneficial effects
would perhaps be most marked upon
tho Pacific Coast and the Gulf and
South Atlantic States, it would also
greatly benefit other sections. :t is
emphatically a work which it is for
the interest of the entire country to
begin and complete as soon as possible;
it is one of those great works
which only a great nation ean uader
tr!:e with prospects of success, and
winch v.'isca done arc not oniy per!/?.
'ct.it r.s in the nations r.vi:<:ia
; in: rest.-. m>.: stan.lin; iaoaum uts tt
! : ton:, m tivc ability.
I i am .'I: i to ho a'.lo to ann-ouiiec
| to yon that onr negotiations on iWf
; \.y;? Gr?*at iiii.ian. ton.i:r a
| on : .:h sivlc? in a spirit of fri.-n lii
i I.- .-i. an i mutual jrooJ wi.l and re
ppcet. have :? nl.v.i in my hein;^ all'
to lay before the Senate a treat:
\vfci< h if ratified will enable us to t o
I r in preparations for an Isthmin:
I '-"-'t ->r rsn time mifl wllioh S I
i cos to this Nation e very tight that i
I has e ver asko;! in connection w:tl
the canal, la this treaty, the oM Ciay
ton-Viulwer treaty, so long recognizee
as inadequate to supply the base t'oi
the construction and maintenance o
a necessarily American ship canal, i:
abrogated. It specifically provides
that the United States alone shall dc
the work of building and assume th<
responsibility of safeguarding the
canal and shall regelate its neuira
use by all nations on terms of equality
without the guaranty or interfereun
of any outside nation from any quar
ter. The signed treaty will at onoc
be laid before the Senate, and if ap
proved the Congress can then proceec
to give effect to the advantages i
secures us by providing for the build
ie.g of the canal.
Our Navy.
The true end of every groat anc
! free people should be 6elf-respectini
i peac; and this Nation most arncstl;
! desires sincere and cordial frieadshi]
j with all others. Over the entire wo :?1
of recent years, wars between th<
| great civilized powers have becom<
less and less frequent. Wars with bar
' barous o; semi-barbarous people:
I com? in an entirely different category
! b ing merely a most regrettable bu
necessary inter national police dut:
which must he performed for the sak<
| o.' the welfare of mankind. Peace cai
j only be kept with certainty whev
{ both sides wish to keep it; but mor<
' m.H mnm fVio rivi1i?.pil nennles rtre re
alizing the wicked folly of war and ari
attaining that condition of just an:
. intelligent regard for the rights o
others which will in the end. as w
hope and believe, make world-wid
'! peace possible. The peace conferenla:
The Hague gave definite oxprcs
, I s:on to this hope and belief an'
,! marked a stride toward their attair
1 ment.
. i This same peace conference a<
, quiesred in onr statement of the Mot
, roe Doctrine as compatible with th
. purposes and aims of the conference
. | The Monroe Doctrine should be th
I cardinal feature of the foreign noli?;
.; of all the nations of the two Americas
I; as it is of the United States. Jus
.. seventy-eight years have passed sine
j President Monroe in his annual ir.es
>j sage announced that "The America
. i continents are henceforth not to b
i considered as subjects for futar
, ' colonization by any European power.
. In other words, the Monroe Doctrin
'; is a declaration that there must be n
! j territorial aggrandizement by an
I non-American power at we expens
soil. It Is In no wise intended a3
hostile to any nation In the Old
World. Still less is it intended to
give cover to any aggression by one
New World power at the expense cf
any other. It is simply a step, and a
long step, toward assuring the universal
peace of the world by securing
the possibility of permanent peace
on this hemisphere.
During the past century other influences
have established the permanence
and independence of the
smaller states of Europe. Through the
Monroe Doctrine we hope to be able
to safeguard like independence and
secure like permanence for the lesser
among the New World nations.
This doctrine has nothing to do with
the commercial relations of anv American
power, save that it in truth allows
each of them to form such as
it desires. In other words, it is really
a guaranty of the commercial independence
of the Americas. We do not
ask under this doctrine for anv exclusive
commercial dealings with any
other American state. We do not
guarantee anv state against punishment
if it misconducts itself, provided
that punishment does not take the
form r? the acquisition of territory
by any non-American power.
Our attitude in Cuba is a sufficient
guaranty of our own good faith. We
have not the slightest desire to secure
any territory at the expense of anv
of our neighbors. We wish to work
-.2It. ? V 1 ,1 eko oil of
1 Willi IL1UIU UUU'I 1U Iiaiiu, r.; luak Mil kjl
us may be uplifted together, and we
rejoice over the good fortune of anv
of them, we gladlv hail their material
prosperity and political stability, and
| are concerned and alarmed if anv if
them fall into industrial or political
j chaos. We do not wish to see any Old
! World military power grow up on this
! continent, or to be compelled to bei
come a military power ourselves.
The peoples of the Americas can pros!
per best if left to work out their own
: salvation in their own way.
The work of upbuilding the Navy
I must be steadily continued. No one
I point of our poiicy. foreign or demcsi
tic, is more important than this to the
| honor and material welfare, and above
j all to the peace, of our Nation in the
future. Whether we desire it or not. we
must henceforth recognize that we
have international duties no less than
[ international rignis. r-ven ir our nas
were hauled down in the Philippines
and Porto Rico, even if we decided not
to build the Ithmian Canal, we should
need a thoroughly trained Navy of adequate
size, or else be prepared definitely
and for all time to abandon the
idea that our Nation i3 among thosa
whose sons go dawn to the sea in shins.
Unless our commerce is always to be
carried in foreign bottoms, we must
have war craft to protect it.
Inasmuch, however, as the American
people have no thought of abandoning
the path upon which they have entered,
and especially in view of the fact that
the building of the Isthmian Canal is
fast becoming one of the matters which
the whole people are united in demanding.
it is imperative that our Navy
should be put and kept in the high;
est state of efficiency, and should be
! made to answer to our growing needs.
J So far from being in any way a provoi
cation to war. an adequate and highly
. trained navy is the best guaranty
against war. the cheapest and most efj
fective" peace insurance. The cost of
building and maintaining such a navy
j represents the very lightest premium
for Insuring peace which this Nation
can possibly pay.
Probably no other great nation In the
11 world is so anxious for peace as we
i are. There is not a single civilized
1 i power which has anything whatever to
M tear from ayurcss.vnc.-s on our part.
| A!! v.e want ii, peace; and toward t't.s
; j end wo wish to be cb> to secure iho
i j same respect for our ri; hts from otln rs >
' | which we are eager and anxious to .
tend to their rights in return, i.o insure
. fair treatment to its commercially. and
to guarantee the safety of the Amcti.
can people.
i ! The Mr.nrrj Dnctrirrc.
0::r poopls intends to abide by the {
l Monroe Doctrine and to insist upon it
i as the one sure means or securing t'w
* reace of the Western Hemisphere. The
1 Navy off ns us the only means of nia*;
: ing our insistence upon the Monroe
^ Doctrine anything hut a subject of ck'
rision to whatever nation choos.-s to
* disregard it. We desire the peace which
, conies as of right to the junt man
i armed: not the peace granted cn terms
1 of ignominy to the craven and the
r weakling.
2 It is not possible to improve a navy
- after war breaks out.'The shi?3 must
i be built and the men trained long in
i- advance.
1 While awarding the fullest honor to
t the men who actually commanded and
* manned the ships which destroyed the
Spanish sea forces in the Philippines
and in Cuba, we must not forget that
' an equal meed of praise belongs to
3 those without whom neither blow eouid
have been struck. /
The Naval Militia forces are State
j organizations, and are trained for coast
5 service, and in event of war they will
- constitute the inner lino of defense,
s They should receive hearty eneourage.
meat from the General Government.
t But in addition we should at oire
y j provide for a National Naval Reserve
? I organized and trained under the dirccn
tion of the Navy Department, and sube
feet to the call of the Chief Executive
0 whenever war becomes imminent. It
!* should he a real auxiliary to the naval
rj s -going peace establishment, and offer
j- material to be drawn cn at ones for
c manning our shlp3 in time of war. It
e should b? composed of graduates of the
e Naval Academy, graduates of the N.v
i. val Militia, officers and crews of roast1
line steamers, longshore schooner^
t- fishing vessels, and steam yachts, together
with the coast population about
t* such centers as life-saving stations and
i* light-houses.
e! The American people must either
- [ build and maintain an adequate navy
0 ' or else make up their minds definitely
[ to accept a secondary posrt'.on in inten5'
national affairs, not merely in political,
c but in commercial, matters. It has been
. well said that there i3 no surer way of
n courting national disaster than to be
e "opulent, aggressive, and unarmed;'
e It is not necessary to increase our
" Army beyond its prose size at this
e time.-But It is necessary t? keep it at
0 the highest point of efficiency. The iny
dividual units, who as officers and pne
listed men compose this Army, are, we
ptiJlH lUUU1 JblliUll ItJbOlillVlWfrtal'il'f
1 efficient as those of any other army In |
tbe entire world. It is our duty to see
that their training is of a? kind to Insure
the highest possible expression of
power to these unify-when acting in
combination. t
The condtiions of modern war are
such as to make an infinitely heavier
demand than ever before upon the individual
character and capacity of the
officer and the enlisted man, and to
make it far more difficult for men tc
act togetVr with effect. At present the
fighting must be don? in extended
order, which means that each man
must act for himself and at the same
time act in combination v/ith others
: with whom he is no longer in the old;
fashioned clbow-to-elbow touch. Under
I cinH'tinnr. .1 T^v: ir>f>n nt thf? hi'l'j
est excellence are w-^th more then
many men without skill
which is only found as i-.^teSfUr of
special training applied to men of exceptional
physique and morale. But
nowadays the most valuable fighting
man and the most difficult to perfect
is the rifieman who is also a skillful
an 1 daring rider.
A great debt is owing from the public
to the men of the Army and Navy.
Th y should be so treated as to enable
them to reach the highest point of efficiency,
so that they may be able to
respond Instantly to any demand made
upon them to sustain the interests of
the Nation and the honor of the flag.
The individual American enlisted man
is probably on the whole a more formidable
fighting man than the regular of
any other army. Every consideration
should be shown him, and in return the
highest standard of usefulness should
be exacted from him. It is well worth
while for the Congress to consider
whether the pay of enlisted men upon
second and subsequent enlistments
should not be increased to correspond
with the increased value of the veteran
j soldier.
Volunteer Soldiery.
No other citizen deserve so well of
I the Republic as the veterans, the surl
trivnra of those who saved the Union.
| They did the one deed which if left itnI
done would have meant that ail else
| in otir history went for nothing. But
i for their steadfast prowess in the
greatest crisi3 of our history, all our
; annals would b? meaningless, an:! our
: great experiment in popular freedom
and self-government a gloomy failure.
1 Moreover, they not only left us a united
' Nation, but they left us also as a heri!
tage the memory of the mighty deeds
by which the Nation was kept united.
We are now indeed one Nation, one in
fact as well as in name; we are united
in our devation to the flag which is the
! symbol of national greatness and uni;
ty; and the very completeness of our
| union enables us all. in every part of
i the country, to glory in the valor
i shown alike by the sons of the North
' and the sons of the South in the times
that tried men's souls.
Civil Service.
The merit system of making appointments
is in its essence a? democratic
and American as the common school
i system itself. It simply means that in
! clerical and other positions where the
duties are entirely non-political, ail applicants
should have a fair field and no
favor, each standing on hf.3 merits a3
he is able to show them by practical
test. Written competitive examinations
offer the only available means in
many cases for applying thi3 system.
In other cases, as where laborers are
employed, a system of registration un
dcubtodly can b? c^RsfiKRH
Thc-re are, oc cauice. j>;a 03 v/licXHHH
written competitive < .21i tiat i o
net rp-./.u ]. and c;!:.l'crs
by means an in 1
where political
r.u imperfect
means of
The Consoler
The set
:'nvi"'AHHOi
c-d in is '^BBB5IBBHBiH?Ki
i ti
shown many
cou a
ization
mended 10 your
bills providing for a :w
have la vecent'ycar3hBh^DH
ted to the Congress. Ih^HflSH^^HER
upon the just principle R S
rr.ents to the service nho^KgJ^flHBHE
only after a practical tes; RSESHHHH
rant's fitness, that pr ^uoti^HSBN^HBR
be governed by trustv.'orlhRSjHSHGRj
tability. and zeal in the por^^raj^NHHRj
duty, and that the tcnure^HRHflMR
hould not bo unaffected bj^BSMBBHua
considerations. ^HH|H8
St. Louis Exposition. ^Rflj^RJR
1 bespeak the most cordial
from the Congress and the poopb^^^^R
the St. Louis Expos tion to Commem^RR
rate the One Hundredth Anniversar^^^B
of the Louisiana purchase. This purchase
was the greatest instance of expansion
in our history. It definitely ^R
decided that we we;e to become a great Hg
continental republic, by far the fore-^^B
mcbt pswer in the Western Hemis^RBj
phcrc. It is one of three or four ?th?^RH
landmarks in our history?the g.vR
turning points in cur development.
is eminently fitting that all our peopRBK
should jo n with heartiest good will^^^SI
commemorating it. and the citizens^^^Rl
St. Louis, of Missouri, of all the lRHHM
cent region, arc entitled to every^BSHHl
in making the celebration a notewo^Bjffll
event In our annais. 'Vo e?.rn^^^^H|
hope that foreign nations will appr^^^BH
ate the deep interest cur country
in this Exposition, and cur vietv^^^^H
its importance from every standpo^HHH
and that they will participate In sut^HKB
in* its succ'ss. Th? National Gove^JSBS
ment should be represented by a V^MS
and complete set of exhibits. jSEMfii
The Charleston Exposition. HH
The people of Charleston, with
energy and civic spirit, arc carr^H^HQ
on an Exposition which will cont^^HMB
throughout most of the present seifl^RHM
of the Ccnsrress. I heartily roccmn^BHHB
this Exposition to the good will of
people. It deserves all the encoura^HH
ment that can he given it. The ma^UEBfl
gcrs of the Charleston Exposition
requested the cabinet oUlcers to .flfflH
thereat the Gove-nment exvvN v^RSKX
have been at Buffalo, promising to ^HRH
the necessary expenses. I have ta^Hnflg
the responsibility of directing that t^^RHj
bo done, for I feel that it is due WW
Charleston to help her in her praise-^W|
worthy effort. In my opinion ths W
management .should not be reqnlred to
pay all these expenses. I earnestly recommend
that the Congress appropriate.
at once the small -sum necessary fcr H
this purpose. W
' v&rrTmmmmmmU&P
The remarkable growth of the pos- <
tal service is shown In the fact that
its revenues have doubled and Its ex- J
penditures have nearly doubled \si\hin
twelve years. Its progressive development
coinpels constantly increasing
outlay, but in this period of business
energy and prosperity its receipts
grow so much faster than its expenses
that the annual deficit has been steadily
reduced from $11,411,779 In 1S37 to
S3.923.727 in 190.1. Among the racent
postal advances the success of -ural
free delivery wherever established has
been so marked that, and actual experience
has made Its benefits so plain
that the demand for Its extension is
general and urgent.
It is just that the great agricultural
population should share in the improvement
of the service. The number
of rural routes now in operation is C,0C9,
practlcai'y all established within
three years, and there are 6,000 applications
awaiting action. It Is expected
that the number in operation, at the >
close of the current fiscal year will
reach S.COO. The mail will then be daily
carried to the doors of 5,700.000 of our
people who have heretofore been dependent
upon distant offices, and onethird
of all that portion of the country
which is adapted to it will be covered
by this kind of service.
Owing to the rapid growth of our .
power and our interests on the Pacific,
whatever h?npens in China mnst be of
the keenest National concern to us.
The genral terms of the settlement
of the questions growing out of the antiforeign
uprising in China of 1900,
having been formulated in a Joint note
addressed to China by the represents
tives of the inj ircd powers in uecem
ber last, were piozr.ptly accepted by the '
Chinese Govern nent. After protracted
conferences the plenipotentiaries of the ^
several powers were able to sign a final .
protocol with the Chinese plenipoten- ?
tiaries on the 7th of last September, i
setting forth the measures taken by
China in compliance with the demands
of the joint note, and expressing their
satisfaction therewith. It will be laid ^
before the Congress, with a report of
the plenipotentiary cn behalf cf the J
United States, Mr. William Woodvilie
Rockhill, to whom high praise is due
for the tact, good judgment, and energy
he has displayed in performing an
exceptionally difficult and delicate
task.
Conclusion.
The death of Queen Victoria caused y
the people of the United States deep ? *
and heartfelt sorrow, to which the j
Government gave full expression. ""
When President McKinley died, our
Nation in turn rece.ved from every
quarter of the British Empire expressions
nf erief and sympathy no less sin
cere. The death of the Empress Dowager
Frederick of Germany also aroused
the genuine svinpatl of the American
people; and thte sympathy was cordi- j
ally reciprocated by German when the I
President was assassinated. Indeed, ^
from every quarter of the civilized 4
world we received, at the time of the J
President's death, assurance of such ^
gilef and regard as to touch the hearts
of our people. In tfce midst of our affliction
we reverently thank the Almighty
that we are at peace with the nations
of mankind; and we firmly intend that
our policy shall be such as to continue
unbroken these international tell lions
of mutual respect and good will.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT,