The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, January 10, 1901, Image 7
SUBSOiLING OF LAND
IIcv; PicdoiDiit Clay Soils May DIossoni
as ilie Iiose.
?
PivCr, NEWMAN GIVES HIS VIEWS
In Response to an Inquiry He Writer.
Intercs.ing y Concerning the Value
of Subsoil.ug.
?
r)i?rliutnn Wire mill
J
r Spartanburg, Special.?While wat hIng
a subsoil plough going ucwii intc
the hard-pan a few (lays ago it occureJ
to your correspondent that Prof.
Newman could give us some valuable
information as to sufcsoiling and the
permanent improvement of lands. He
was asked a few leading questions,
which he kindly answered.
So well suited is the information
given that your correspondent put :t
in the shape of a Christmas gift to the
farmers of the State w.th the compliments
of Prof. Newman. Every suggestion
contained in the communication
is mos: valuable to the farmers who
have clay lands.
The correspondent can bear testimony
to the fact that a pair of mules,
weighing 2,000 pounds, will break anv
of the Piedmont or rea ciay ianus sia
to ten inches deep according to the
depth of the top soil. If there is nothing
to turn under there is no need of
one plough following another. One
team, one hand and one plough will do
the work in a most satisfactory way.
COL. NEWMAN'S LETTER.
But here is the Professor's letter:
Clerson College.
Mr. Charles Pet y, Spartanburg, S. C.
-^Dear Sir: In response to your inquiries
of the 11th inst, I have been
laboring for thirty years for the promotion
of better methods in our Southern
agriculture and through this tHe
Increase of intelligence and prosperity
of our farmers. Your first question as
to the necessity of deepening and more
thoroughly pulverizing the soil before
planting strikes at the root of the
matter. The most important thing for
in Jn (a tr\ e?v?U"-<j jrnrut tf?X
VUC iai UiCI IV UW IO VV ?vv%? V 0 ? ^ ?
ture through the agency of thorough
tillage. Without this much labor In the
planting, fertilizing and cultivating
the crop is done In vain. There is an
old saying, which is especially applicable
to farming, viz: "One bad job
makes another." If good texture is
not secured before planting we are apt
to have poor stands of weakly plants,
poor cultivation and small crops.
If the soil is broken only a few inches
in depth, and even thLs much not
pulverized, there can be no storage of
' * ! 1 ? Hmnohf
moisture against a. oumiuw
but serious risk of surface washing
upon rolling lands, since the comp el
6ubsoil or hardpan resists the downward
penetration of the summer showers,
the small amount of broken soil
soon becomes saturated, and the water
which should sink into the subSQi'
flows off on the surface. This is the
season for deep ploughing and subfoiling,
while Jack Frost, the best pulverizer,
Is rendering efficient aid.
Walk over the fields now and observe
the mellow condition of the surfafce,
and notice that the clods which were
' " v tlllo rro. lost anrl n <T
ieit inruug u puvi uuat^ .v
yrumble under the foot. The surfp.c?
?eing pulverized by the frost present!
little resistance to the plough, and
hence the same team can pull the
plough one or two inches deeper than
It *1ll be able to do after the baking
rain? and dtying winds of March.
* One or two inefces of the ai'bsoil may
' be turned up now with advantage,
since the frc6t will pulverize it and
mingle it with the soil. If this is
done in spring the portion of the 6ubBOil
turned up will bake into clods and
remain so during the summer.
Every tiller of the soil should learn
as his first and most important lesson
the value of a deep soil, thoroughl>
pulverized, to admit a free penetration
of the air and circulation of moisture.
rendering the penetration and
multiplication of the absorbing root
surfaces possible. This simplifies and
facilitates all subsequent operation in
producing the crop. There is another
old saying which is applicable here,
viz: "Thorough preparation is half
cultivation."
Thorough preparation and shallow
cultivation should be our motto.
WHAT FERTILIZER IS NEEDED.
As to your question about the "amount
of phosphoric acid and potash is
the first ten or twenty inches of our
Piedmont clays?" I have no source of
accurate information. Prof. Bailey, in
nf AerirnltJira " savs:
* "C * ? ..Q r ?
"Roberts calculate^ from many analyses
that in average agricultural
lands the surface eight inches of soil
on each acre contains over 3,000
pounds of nitrogen, nearly 4,000
ppunds of phosphoric acid and over
17,000 pounds of potash." Much of
these essential elements of plant food
is locked up in insoluble compounds.
By thorough tillage, admitting the
oxygen of the air to which the fine
particles of soil are exposed, by allowing
an abundant absorption of mois
ture to dissolve the mineral plant food
liberated by the chemical action of the
oxygen upon the insoluble compounds,
and by incorporating organic matter
Into the soil there will be le^s need of
artificial fertilizers, and those aplled
will prove more efficient.
THE VALUE OF PBAVINES.
3d. "The value of peavin.es as a fertilizer"
and "comparative value of
root* and stubble and the vines."
Analysis shows that a moderate
crop o; pea vines contain feit.ilztng I
ingredients follows;
Pound3.
Nitrogen u: the vines ;v- acre. .] 15.34
Niitovea in roots *n 1 r tub hie
per acre 7.70
Total per acre 123.24
Phosphoric acid i:i vine-* p:r
acre 39.03
Phosphoric arid in recta and
stubble per acre V.I'
Total per acre 45.93
i Potasli in vines pre acre ^S.T.- jj
I'Oir.Sil in rwui r-mu -C >>v.
acre 13.!:'
Total per err? 1 2."91 i
It must 1:? rrmtn Icicd that pea j
vines gather the phosphoric a hi ar..!
potash from the .soil and su' sal. jv
that we can only credit them
! that part of their contents of nltrcrrcr.
which they get liom the air. We vj
no means of knowing how niiuh they
got from that scarce.-.
WHEN TO STOP SUB3CIUXG.
| 4th. "Hew late in the spring should
siusoillng continue?'' Fall and winter
' r.re the proper seasons for subrclling.
i.nt ?? tt*. v be done in spring, provided
the sub-oil is not brought to the surface.
it can. however, be much more
j easily done at the proper season, but
i better late than never.
Only lands which ha\e either a compact
subsoil or a hard pan are benej
fitcd by subsoiling.
i 5th. "Should land be turned when |
there is nothing to be turned under
No; but gcod fanning will net have
! lands in this condition. I? land.,.
left naked during winter after clean
cultivation they will be Injured by
i the loss of nitrogen and by surface
washing. Such lands should have rye
j or some other cover crop sown upon
I them in the fall. This cover crop will
j prevent the surface washing, and take
i up the nitrates ana no. a mem. 10 ue |
' turned into the soil,in the spring.?J.
S. Neman, Professo of Agriculture,
OFFICIAL POPULAR VOTE.
! How McKInley's Popular HaJ ritj
Stood in i8q6 and 1900.
Returns from the forty-flvc States
! of the Union, gathered from official
sources shew that President McKinI
ley's defeat, of Bryan was far grc-atei
j than in 1S9G, when his plurality was
1 only 601,854. In 1900 the Republican
1 plurality over Bryanism was 864,S16.
1 In 1896 Mr. McKInley's majority of
the total vote of 13.S23.87S was 286,I
180. This year It I3 479,864 of a total.
| of 13,907,280.
Bryan's popular vote for this year
was 6.35S.446, a falling off over 1890.
when Ills popular vote was 6,502,923,
of 144,479.
Mr. MeKlnley's popular vote in 1S9C
was 7.104,779 and this year it is 7,223,272,
an increase of 118,493.
The following table, compiled from
official State returns, shows the vote
, on the two leading tickets:
McKis- Pryan,
ley.
Alabama 53.609 96,26$
Arkansas , .. 44,700 81,142
California 164.755 124,935
Colorado 93,072 122.733
Connecticut 102,572 74 0T10
Delaware 22, 39 18,558
'Florida 7,499 ^o.uui
* Georgia 35.035 ?l.70C
! Idaho tf,m 29.414
, Illinois 5?>7,965 501,975
! Uidiana 336,063 C09.5S-S
Iowa 307,818 209,466
Kansas 162.077}
Kentucky 226,801 234,
Louisiana 14.233 53,G7r
j Maine 65.435 36,822
.Maryland 136,185 122,238
1 Massachusetts . . . 239,147 157,016
: Michigan 316,269 211,685
I icinjRt 119 ctm
Mississippi 5.753 51,706
J Missouri 314,093 S*'1.913
'Montana.. , . u .. 25,373 37,146
! Nebraska 121,835 11^(13
Nevada 3,SOS 6.322
, New Hampshire. .. 54,7^8 35,489
New Jersey. ... 221,850 164.839
' New York 821.992 678,386
North Carolina.,, . 132,997 157,736
North Dakota. . .. 35,89-1 20.519
j Ohio ' 543,918 4"4,882
i Oregon 46,294 33,067
j Pennsylvania. . . . 712,665 424,232 ,
Rhode Island 33,784 19,812
South Carolina. . .. 3,579 47,233
. South Dakota. . . . 54,530 39,544
j Tennessee 125.362 147,691
j Texr.s ... 130.641 207,432
I Utah 47.0S9 44.939
'Vermont 42. 12.S4S
i VlMTifllu . 1 7 1 ?1 HS.17P
Washington 57,436 44.S33
West Virginia. . . . 119,706 9S.G37
Wisconsin 265,866 159,235
; Wyoming 14,482 10,164
Total.. .. ...7,223,272 6,33S.44G
This year the Prohibitionists polled
i 207,368 votes; the People's Pa.vv, 50,192;
Social Democrats. 94,552, and the
Social-Labor ticket, 33,450. In 1S96
the Gold Democrats got 133.424 votrs;
prohibitionists. 132.007; Social-Labor.
Z(j,ZY4, ana iNaiionaiusis.
A Sailor's Tragic Death.
Savannah, Ga., Special.?The Norwcain
bark Piazza, which arrived at
quarantine Tuesday, brought the body
of Fearand To'e on, a young sailor,
who cn Friday f 11 from the mizzen
rigging during a gale at sea and was
instantly killed. His head struck a
deck house and the skull was cruched.
! His father, the ship's carpenter, wit|
nessed the fatal fall. The body wa?
buried here, trapped In a Nonreigas
flag.
ARP STUDIES HAZING
LV>e!.]?:;:onis at West Point Watched
by Bartow County Man.
i;e sees no reason for it
Vlditary InstituteShould Be Aboiishe.!
"f Haz.ng Isn't Stopped, He
. cys.
A:p ftudies Hazing.
: v.. hazing business at West Point
pr:-;>:cxes mo. I've been trying to
p'..io-cphJze upon it and and a reason
? * ! ?? * ?.o n ?</^+ If ic m A.:i hril
1 v'l Ii, UUl ( UliilvJt. k t AO bat^ UiVACb !/ %?'a!
and senseless thing that young
ricn calling themselves gentlemen were
c.cr guilty of. The evidence already
submitted has shocked the nation, and
if it cannot be stopped the nation is
ready light now to abolish the institution.
It is a disgrace to humaiity.
But what concerns me is to fi.id a
plausible reason for it?an excuse or
a palliation." The hazers say that it is
o try a young man's metal, his courage.
That is false, of course, for it requires
no metal or courage to stand
guard over a, dead rat or march alongside
a turtle or terrapin. The whole
course of treatment is one of devilish
cruelty and insanity. We are told that
some of those hazers were considered
very good, klndhearted boys at hone
before they went to that lunatic asylum,
and henoe it must be that association
has deranged them like it u?d
for awhile at Yale and Harvard and
other northern colleges. A crowd of
boys away off from home influence
will do what no one boy will wisn or
dare to do at home or abroad. I had a
dog on.ce who was faithful and kind?
a good watch dog and fond of my
children. I owned a flock of sheep and
he protected them, bitt when other
dogs from the neighborhood came after
him In the dead hour of night and
gave the sign he wou.d go with theaa
two or three milee and help to kill a
seroe of sheep and be back at his post
on the piazza by daylight. I would not
believe it for a long time, but the
neighbors came and found wool in his
teeth and he had to be killed. I reckon
that's what the matter with those
good boy hazers. They have got wool
in their teeth and to my opinion, they
ought to be treated like the Frenchman
did his dog. He wanted to break
him of sucking eggs, so he hung hteri
by the hind leg3 to a limb and let him
swing for a day or two. A neighbor
said: "Why don't you hang him by
the neck and let him choke to death?"
"No. sare," he said, "me hangs heem
by c!e legs to geve heem time to tink
vat a tam rascal he vas." Tlose hasers
ought to be hung by their hind legs
mtil they had time to repent. The
catalogue of cruel ind ridiculous
things that tho.re cowards inflict upon
a freshman is .'earful. Some of them
are unfit for publication. I say "cowavcls"
because it is a maxljn that, a
cruel man is a coward, jf'tney re*il?
wished to test a young man's metal err
courage why don't they shut him in a
room and go in one at a time and
fight him fist and skull. They are
cowards, that's all. They wouldent
figl'.t a Philippine hand to hand. They
will graduate cowards and smell the
battle from afar, and let the privates
do the fighting. They are of the same
bretd as General Mi';eo> -who p^t the
mauades on JefTerson Davis and tried
to lie out of it He won his spurs in
Cuba by getting on top of a hill and
crying, "Beef, beef, beef." He reminds
me of Patrick Henry's great speech
during the first revolution, in which
he scarified a man for crying beef,
beef, while the patriots were fighting
for independence. I have but little
patience with the modern West Poiter.
General Otis U a fair sample. He
whipped the Filipinos every day before
the election. Pay and proaiotion. is
their soie ambition. They are a stuck
up swell s.t and would establish a
military monarch if they dared. I see
that eome fellow is defending General
George C. Thomas and "Black Jack"
Logan in a New York paper. Well, I
know all about them. I have now in
my possession a letter written to me
by Thomas in which he denounces us
all as traitors and guilty of treason
and says that treason embcdics all the
crimes in the decalogue. A dozen of
our Rome boys and girls had improved
a tableau performance in the city hall
to raise a little money to pay for replacing
pulpits and pews in the city
churches. The sacrilegious vandals
had gutted the churches and used the
pews for horse troughs and the
churches for storage o. corn and oats.
One of thft scenes in the tableau was a
battlefield after the battle and an old
confederate flag was lying down on the
floor. For this they were an arretted
and the play Droken up. A a I was
then the mayor of tue poor little wartorn
town I wrote a respectful letter
to Thomas asking for hair release, and
asserting thai no disrespect was intended.
He condescended to please
them, but scarified us and all the
south in contemptuous and contemptible
language and warned us that a
rebel flag was the most odius emblem
of treason and must not be exhibited
In public nor harbored in private.
Well, the Light Guards have got the
old banner yet and show it when they
please. I had not forgotten that In
18 4 two cavalry regiments were organized
and added to the United
states army by Jefferson Davis, the
secretary of war, and that Thomas
was a major in ooe of them and of the
fifty-one commissioned officers thirtyone
were from the south, and of these
there were twenty-four who joined j
the confederacy. Among these were .
Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnston.
Joe E. Johnston, Hardee, Vaadorn,
Kirby. Smith, Hood and Fitz- ;
hugh Ivee. What a galaxy of traitors 1
wad there. But Thomas was not i
among them. If there was any trea- |
son he was a traitor to his state. As
for Logan. let the old veterans of Vin- ,
cennes tell. Saw a re-cent letter from
one of them narrating how he tried to '
raise a regiment in Kentucky to fight 1
on our side, but could not get but
three sickly companies and gave it up.
But I forbear. Let me stop a while (
and give my indignation rest. It it
was not raining I would go out and 1
dig some or chop some wood. God-on'?-m.
Counfound' em.
But I was considering this hazing
business?this drinking tabasco and
jiepper sauce and going through contortions
until the poor victim faints
or has convulsions. The dictionary
calls it physical persecution, and
George W. Curtis, the editor of Harper's
Weekly, denounces the whole
system as a brutal an(| contemptiblo
denial of fair play. And yet it Ls allowed
a>v? winked at by the offtcc/s in
cnargo and no doubt the Investigation
of the Booz case will all blow over and
end in smoke. I wonder If our southern
cadets join in it. We have never
had any hazing in southern colleges
that I know of. I remember when the
sophomores and juniors used to play
some little tricks on the freshmen, but
they were not cruel or dangerous. I
remember when young Whatley came
to Athens from Talladega, Ala., with
his father's wagon and camped out at
night while on the journey. He was a
country boy and hpd on a suit of home
made jeans outside and plenty of grit
inside. One evening after study hours
the sophb and juniors combined to
scare the freshmen who were timed
and green and homesick, and so one
big fellow pretended to take laughing
gas or ether and after sucking a while
* 11 - ? - V. m n n i'n /wt 1 an/1
on a nanriKercuiei uc gvi uouibuu <uu
threw his arms about in a wild frenzy
and distorted his countenance?sudj
denly he drew a big, long butcher
I knife from his bosom and the knowi
ing ones shouted, "Run, boys, run;
he's got a knife," and they all ran exi
cept Whatley. He boldly stood his
ground and seized a good sized etone
and as w.e crazy boy got within a few
feet of him and was brandishing his
knife young Whatley let fly with the
stone and knocked the breath out of
him. We thought he was dead and a
doctor was sent for in a hurry. That
was the last trick played on the freshmen
while I was in college. Whatley
never put on any airs about it, u... he
took first honor all the same and became
colonel of a regiment during the
war, and, I think, was killed in battle.
I wish we had some southern Whatleys
at West Point.
After all. it is the officers of an institution
who mold the character of
the boys and as,that man Mills can't
mold it he ought to resign. I was
I greatly gratified to read that President
I Hariy, who is at the head of the Agrt
I cultural ana fficvikuuvm w<m
J *;,Qere taere are iw stula.nts,
made a request o/ them some
| months ago that they wouji
smoking, and all of t'^rflfsaid "yes,
wo will?we Anything you ask
nr. to do." And since then not a cigar
! or cigarette has been seen in that
I splendid institution. Those young
| men are gentlemen, and we are proud
1 of them?Bill Arp in Atlanta Constitution.
Telegraphic Rriria. I
The recent cipiure Of Helvetia, in I
the Trasnvaal, was due to the fact teat
the British were surprised.
The common council of Giiiaha, Neb.,
has offered $25,000 reward for the arrest
of th6 Cu^ahy kidnappers.
. Mrs. Carrie Nati.n, the Wichita,
Kan., temperance crusader, has been
caugui 1U 4U<UUu.mv.
Tho strike of stemmers of the continental
Tobacco Company. at Louisville,
Ky., has as;umed serious -proportions
and if- ev ected to spread.
Steam r Wrecked.
St. John, N. F., By Cable.?The crew
' of the British steamer Ivydene, Capt.
Milburn, from Hamburg, December 15,
for Wilmington, N. C:, which went
ashore Tuesday night, during a storm
at La Marche, arrived here Thursday
afternoon. One man was drowned.
! Twenty of the 27 survivors were badly
frost-bitten. The steamer broke up
Thursday. Nothing was saved. Most
of the crew are Haitians or Sweedes
and they were panic-stric-en.
New York Gambling H vuses Closed.
New York, Special.?The Evening
oovc* "With the end of the
IClOgiuui dh/M, century
Mayor Van Wyck took steps
j towards puting an end to gambling
| ai.T as a result practically every gam1
ing roeort in this city is closed. The
mayor ordered that this be done and
Chief of Police Devery promptly obeyed
the mandate. He issued instructions
to his captains Monday nigh: and t-U
keepers of the various establishments
were given the tip that this time there
was to Im no footing."
A GREAT FAVORITE.
She?The rarest fish, I believe, Is the
ribbon fish. It is an inhabitant cf the
great depths of the ocean.
He?I suppose the inermaids are verj
partial to this specimen.?Yonkerf
, Statesman. '
%
A Va uab.c irv-ution.
According to the Electrical World W.
S. Burnett and W. Ii. Coodhal, of Milwaukee,
Wis., are the inventors of a
device which permits the calling of
finy subscriber or. .1 party telephone
line without disturbing the other subscribers
on the earre line. The apparatus
is called the multiplex telesig.
It is said to be possible by the use of
the new device to maintain on one circuit
telephone service, station signall
[ng or. railroads, pclico and fire signalling.
mesenger service. etc. A number
of submarire mines mny be placed in
lircuit and any of them exploded withaut
affecting the others.
THE FATE OF THE PICTURES.
When Marius Dahlgreen, the artist,
/eft for Nome some time ago to seek
his fortuue In the gold fields he decided
to take a vkriod supply of paints
and canvas with him, so that, should
the nuggets fail to materialize, ho
might put in his time profitably Immortalizing
the picturesque scenery of
the new mining camp with his brush.
These dreams were shattered, however,
when D&lilgreen's party landed at
Port Clarence, for on attempting to put
together a small boat with which they
had provided themselves, It was
found that the dishonest?or only careless?shipbuilder
bad forgotten to include
the white lead in the boat's fixings.
How to caulk the seams without
It at 80 miles' distance from
Nome civilization was the question. At
last the Goth of the party suggested
the artist's paintbox, and with tears
the sacrifice was made, the "land
--i. ? 4 It a
scape or ine iuiure ucvuiauu^ ms
insensate seams of the little craft. It
was perhaps owing to this treatment,
however, that the tiny boat escaped
wrecking during a 28 days' Journey
through the recent terrible storms
from Port Clarence to Nome.?Argonaut.
SODA WATER FOUNTAIN IN ENDLAND.
It would be difficult to find a more
peculiar American Institution than tha
soda water fountain, or one which
would act as a more immediate and
powerful reminder of the scenes with
which he is familiar in his native land
than the marble-faced, many-fauceted
and nickel-resplendent structure
which is one of the numerous device*
by which the American citizen tempers
the fierceness of the periodical
"hot wave " Hence the introduction of
tlie soda water fountain into ureai
Britain, as referred to In a recent report
by the American consul at Birmingham,
may be regarded as a notable
Instance of the interchange of
ideas and customs between this (Country
and Great Britain which ia
-growing more marked every year. T*
seems that in a wind? ** :
. ? : - or a "ehemisf
B hi Birmingham there was ex-.
bibited during the summer months a
sign advertising various sodas and
phosphates. The profirjijA who is
ertioted as ''aTKcifb'fpris^^Bman who
Is rend.v to try new thing^^aa proved
his rountain to be a striking success.
It seems that an American soda
fountain syndicate has taken up the
matter of these hot weather necessities
in England, fnd a number of cities
now havo fountains in successful operation,
;
The Resomblanes. %
Jackson?The baby's getting mors
like its mother every day.
Johnson?That so?
Jackson?Yes; it's learning to talk.-*
Indianapolis Sun.
To Cure a Cold In On* Day.
Take Laxatit* barmo Qoixin* Tablml
All druggists refund the money if it fails to
eurei E. W. Gnova's signature on eaok box.
25c.
The champion oarsman should know tha
rowed to success. So. 2.
Cures Asthma
Do you know what it is*to
have the asthma? Or have
you ever seen one suffer with
it ? The hard struggle for air,
the spasmodic breathing, the
nights spent in the chair, all
tell a story of terrible suffering.
Ayer's
Cherry
Pectoral
certainly cures asthma; also
bronchitis, hoarseness, weak
lungs, whooping-cough, croup,
winter coughs, night coughs,
ana hard colds.
Three sizes: 23c., 50c* 5140.
If your drjggVrt oanooi loppty yon, i?nd nt oao
dollar aad wo wlU cjjwosi a iarjro botti? to yon,
all efcargo* proralri.I5? roro and tlrw no yoer
nwreit tijuoti ofllca. Addreu, C. ITU 00*
LowoU. Sua.