Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE COUNTY RECORD. ! Published Every Thursday AT OXGSTEEE, SOUTH CAROLINA, B T LOUIS J. BRISTOW, Kdltor and Proprietor. m. The growing cities of Europe in creasing as tliey are, constantly and ienormously in the density of their population?present an area unfavorable to human life: and it has been estimated that unless such a city as Paris were supplied with human life from outside, everybody iu it would die out in flbout four generations, reflects the New York Sun. The conditions of city life are unfavorable fo human longevity and health; but When we conie to examine in a city who they are that will survive the ! longest and are the best able to combat these unfavorable elements and who, therefore, must become the leaders in that city aud found the most prominent families ana win gain j the most control and get up into the highest society by living there long and getting as much as they can from their fellow citizens it is discovered that they all have skulls of a somewhat similar type long-skulled somewhat below, in that respect, the medium skulls averaging throughout Europe. A man must, in other words, have a long head to get along in a great city rcid found a family there i and conti ;ne it for a number of gen- J erations. Uur word "long-headed" is, i in a certain ease, a provision of scientific discovery; it is literally and absolutely true to the craniologist, GREAT GUNS GALCRE. Nearly Halt a Hundred Latest Rapid" 1'irc Machine Guns. The Cunard liner Etruria. just before war was declared, brought over a cargo of fifty-five cases of rapid-fire rifles and machine guns and a large quantity of smokeless powder, consigned from Armstrong. w nit worm ?v to., or .\ewcstsrlo-on-Tyno. to Baring Brothers & Co., of New York City. With the guns were their carriages and llttlngs. This shipment was for the War Department. The guns were all purchased from tire Armstrongs. Twelve of them were .manufactured for the Brazilian Government. which released the Ann triHigs front their contract that our Government might have them. In all forty-six were purchased. The total wveight of all the guns purchased is 'Something over IKHJ.OOO pounds, who "ime 'in> imlik?? nnvthimr made *"v v ^ in this country. For that reason the Ammunition for them was Iwuglit on the other side, since it would take alto. ?etber too long and would cost too much money to change the machinery In the ordnance plants in this country in order to supply the projectiles for the guns. The rapid-fire guns are all iMaxim and Nordeufeldt rifles, about Hre-inch bore, and are to be used for coast defense. The machine guns, it is said, are to be mounted in some of the ships of the navy. f Admiral Ito's squadron in the recent Uninese-Japnuese war n;i> ? *-i| ui^ped with rapid-lire guns, while the Chinese had none. The battle of the Yalu demonstrated the value of rapidAre guns. Ship after ship of the Chinese ffleet opened fire at long range with the heavy guns, but the Japanese ships tood straight on until within 3,000 y^rds of the enemy, when they turned In succession eight points to port. and. opening with broadsides from their sixf\5HElL A | CHAK&C AMMUNITION FOR TUE GUNS. [Five Fevt IIUh.] Inch and 7.7-inch rapid-fire suns, they poured in a bail of steel, riddling the upper parts of the superstructures of the Chinese ships. The water was lashed to foam by shells, which, ricochetfttng, inflicted most of the hits. The {Japanese fired three or four times as fast as the Chinese, cutting down all /who were on deck. Officers were killed at their posts by the deadly rapid-fires, and none of them could l>e forced on deck, even at the muzzle of the pistol. . Man's Power.?The power and worth of a man have sometimes a way of evincing themselves by what he does and says. It is also impressively true that the power and worth of a man taay evince themselves, if not so startling, at least more indubitable. BLAND INDIGESTION*. Dawkins?How's your indigestion, old man ? Philips?It's doing nicely, thank you; but I don't feel very well myself. FIELDS OF ADVENTURE THRILLING INCIDENTS AND DARINC DEEDS ON LAND AND SEA. An OUl Steamboat man Kelatos an Kxporlnice That Almost Caused the Ulouil to Freeze in 11 in Veins?Firelighter* in a Den of iUttlesnakes. The following extract is from the i? i 1. . c .. -M: ~~: i>: ..i. lug yuuiv ui ;i unci Mtruui* boatmau: During the late war I was engage*] as engineer ou board a Government transport. At the memorable siege ol Yicksburg my boat was ordered down there with a load of troops. On the Fourth of July the city of Yicksburg was surrendered. A few days before the fall of Yicksburg I was ordered from one of the sidewheel transports ou to a large sternwheeler, then undergoing repairs at Mound City. Immediately on taking charge of the new boat I was ordered to raise steam, and when we were all ready orders came to back out. We were under sealed orders, which, on being opened, proved to be instructions for us to go to Yicksburg, and there take on three hundred wounded soldiers and transfer them to Louisville. Our down trip was unattended by anything more than a stray shot now and then from the guerrillas in the thicket. Our crew consisted of a full complement of officers, fifteen men rvr-1 doelr onil 0110 hundred soldiers as a consort to guard us against an attack from the enemy. 'When we were safely moored at Vicksburg, carpenters were set to work converting the boat into a hospital. All things being ready, we backed out with our three hundred wounded soldiers, and also a hundred and lifty Confederate soldiers that were being taken to a Northern hospital. On: voyage was unuMiai'y quiet : the woods seemed less dangerous than at any time since the war, no shots having been fired at us since our downward irip. We were at the foot of Island Thirty-seven, when the incident occurred that prompted me to write this sketch an incident that causes the blood to almost freeze in my veins as my fancy wanders back to the time when I saw death staring me in the face, and me powerless to avoid it. I came, on duty at 2 o'clock at night, and as I walked down the guard a feeling of indescribable loneliness seemed to seize my fancy, and in spite of all my efforts to throw it off, it seemed to increase as I 11 eared the engine room. I entered the engine room, and, so far as I could see, everything was in good order, and my partner was in splendid spirits, and jokingly said: "Don't blow her up with all these people ou board." I was at t-hat time an old and experienced eugineer. with an established reputation for skill, and the strange admonition rather confused me. I felt sure the same feeling had taken possession of my partner that haunted me; however. I [made no response, but proceeded to inspect the machinery, as was my custom. I might have been an hour looking around when, looking up, I saw a wild-looking man appear in the engineroom door, wearing the uniform of the Confederate army. I paid no attention to him, but went on with my duty. Presently, I thought I heard someone slipping up to me. I turned my bpfiil nml raw tho man standbier near me with an iron wrench raised over my head. I raised my hand to ward off the blow, but too late, only a dull dizziness, and I knew no more. When I came to I saw a sight that almost paralyzed me; there I was, bound and gagged, while the man that struck me was watching tlie steamgauge with eagerness, which already indicated a pressure of 175 pounds. The "doctor" was stopped. As I opened my eyes they caught the eye of the soldier who, with a maniacal laugh, said: "There's a boat after us, and I'm going to keep ahead of her. This boat don't make steam easy, so I thought I would stop the "doctor," and he laughed again at his own perspicuity. Great heavens! was it true that I was bound by a madman, who. imagined he was racing with another steamboat, and was raising more steam in order to win the race? I knew that in a few moments a horrible explosion must inevitably follow, and hundreds of people probably be killed. What if he should happen to change his fancy and start the "doctor"? Steam increased until it indicated 210 pounds. I held my breath and closed my eyes. Eagerly the mad soldier noted the increase of steam, and with a fiendish look said: 4,I guess I'll start the 'doctor.'" I saw him but his hand on the throttle valve, saw the "doctor" start with a thump that fairly shook the whole boat, and for several seconds the "doctor" ran, but was not throwing any water. I held my breath, expecting to be hurled iuto eternity, when I saw the other engineer enter the door. At a glance he saw it all. and with a well-directed blow felled the maniac to the floor. Instantly orders to haul fires saved ns, and many a prayer was offered up for our safe deliverance. The man that came so near blowing up the boat had once been a steamboat engineer, but going iuto the army received a wound in the head from which he lost his reason. On this night he had escaped from his guard. Struck a I)cn of Snakes. Firemen rarely ever know* just wliat to expect in answering an alarm, but it is not often they calculate 011 running into a den of snakes, as was the case when they rummaged through the little building at No. 43 Farm street, in Savannah, Georgia, on a recent morning in an effort to extinguish a fire. Two of the firemen were in ; the midst of a den of twenty-eight ' poisonous rattlers several moments, but miraculously escaped without be1 iug bitten. The building is a two-story structure, occupied by C. It. Williams as a barroom and restaurant. The upper i floors seem to have been occupied by i lodgers, as when the firemen arrived they found men, women and children , suffocating and crying to the firemen to run up a ladder or get them out quickly in some way. While the work of rescue was going on by one division of tlie firemen, r their fellows were in the greatest of danger among the snakes, but were , not aware of it. Williams had a cir, cular cage constructed in the win- j ! dow of his house facing Pine street, 1 [ which could be seen from the street, , ns an exhibition. In the middle of J the den was a stump used as a coiling place for the snakes. In the den . were twenty-eight of the most daugerous reptiles, most of which were rat, tiers, some of them as large as a man's arm. After the doors were broken, the men rushed inside, and Foreman CamI pos, of Engine No. 'J, gave orders to I open all windows and allow the dense smoke to get out. This was done, [ and in a few moments Firemen Pitts and Douglass got to the den, and tak' ing it for a window, struck their axes ! into the wire netting. They could j see nothing for the dense smoke, and pulled for some time in an effort to re; move the stump, in order that the I outside wire miaht be opened. ? Fireman Douglass clinched a snake , several times, but remarked to Pitts that the stump was probably rotten as it was "soft" in places. Finally the ' task was abandoned and going out . they reported t > Foreman C< mpes . that tbey . r.ot move the slump, ! and a- ken if another attempt should i lie ma le. A.* the blaze was under .'control. Lo-.vever, having received the . j contents of two chemical tanks, it ;\ a 1 decided t ? let the \viud< w alone. About this juncture Williams, the I proprietor, appeared at the door and | cried out: "For mercy*, sake, get out j of here, men: this place s alive with : snakes." The place was vacated by the ; liremeu as quickly as though the wails were falliug. After the smoke passed i away Williams managed to get his : reptiles back into their corners. The i liremeu did not feel at all good over ! their experience and specially tuose who attempted to remove the stamp. A ISrnsh With 11 Itliino. We were with our gun hearers, T 1 being in front, when suddenly we heard a peculiar grunt, which sounded so exactly like a lion that we halted immediately, writes an African traveler in the Geographical Journal. It was Andrew's shot, and I was just getting off my mule, wlieu instead of a lion, i out of the hush charged a grunting rhino. We were in a little gully, with a rise in front of us, a hill on our left, and a hit of thick bush from which the rhino charged on our light. About ten yards off the rhino made several short, erratic charges, and then, unfortunately, decided to go down the narrow jiatli along which Andrew was riding. When about fifteen yards distant the sensible mule turned tail and bolted, but before he had gone i twenty yards the rhino was within a j yard of him. The rhino was gaining j fast, so Andrew tried to turned his : mule into the bush on the left, but a ! mule is a mule, and he would not be I a 1 ... luiutru. rvuuit?? iuit*v> uiiuscii uu via I one side, hoping the rhino would attack the mule, but no, he swerved in his course so quickly that he managed to strike Andrew in the middle ot the 1 back, but fortunately the horn ripped ; up the back of his coat and shirt. After the shock he knew very little, I except that he remembers lying flat ! and seeing a mass of clumsy legs over him. "When this disappeared he had i just enough sense nud strength left to | crawl into the bush, and was greatly i relieved to lind that he could even ! crawl. I then saw the rhino standing over Andrew and showing no signs of moving. I rushed on the animal, the 1 men following me. all shoutine, as we ; had 110 guns, ami the rhino then made : up his mind and charged the fleeing i mule, which he came up with, but, ; though he knocked it 'living into the scrub, did it no serious damage. We j brought Andrew, iu a semi-conscious j condition, into camp; he was badiy bruised and had his knee sprained, the latter injury preventing him from j walking at all for many weeks. We.vler'* Butcheries in Culm. "When Don Yaleriauo Wcyler came out to command us he got together the greatest rascals in the country, under the name of volunteers, ami if the regular soldiers under Weyler ' were cruel to the country folk the volunteers were far worse. The dregs of Havana, they perpetrated every crime ! on the defenseless country folk, and women and children suffered every outrage at their hands. Weyler be, lieved in killing people wholesale to strike terror into the insurgents, but i it did very little good. '' ft tvqu aii nr)i Ia lia /liannrdroil In 11 " VUWUOu ,/v 1 be a distant relative of an insurgent to receive sentence of death. Boys aud women were shot, sick and j wounded in Cuban hospitals were bayoneted, and when once or twice a ' lad in the ranks fresh from Spain reI fused to obey the order to kill he was promptly shot by his own officer. Wo soldiers, however, generally got into the habit of killiug, and did not think much of it, but we were never such savages as the volunteers." A Spanish Soldier in the London Saturday ' Review. Typewriter* to 'Write on ISoolis. Typewriters are being manufactured which will write on books, tlie machine being mounted on a frame with an open space in the center, through which the type levers are driven down on the page by the keys on the top of the : 11 luackiue. HELPS FOP HOUSEWIVES. A >'ovk1 Vegetable Mirer. A handy vegetable slicer is formed of a scries of knives arranged in steps ? in a casing with a sliding carriage, having reversed steps, which push tbe vegetables through the knives and ; drop them into the receptacle below. Cleaning Tea Kettle. The inside of a tea kettle may be kept in fairly good condition by the use of an oyster shell. Clean [the oyster shell, put it in the kettle and keep it there. The lime will fasten itself to the shell and leave the sides of ( the kettle comparatively clean. Each night, however, the kettle should be 1 washed, the oyster shell cleaned, the , kettle turned upside down and the 3 shell dried, to be used again in the 5 morning. Ladies' Home Journal. , Tacking Away ling*. Have the rugs thoroughly cleaned. Examine them carefully to see that they are not already stung by the j moth miller; fold neatly, and put a < little gum camphor between each fold. 1 Boll compactly. Take perfectly clean 1 muslin either an old sheet or muslin i purchased for the purpose cover the i rugs thoroughly and sow them up. 1 Wrap them in burlap aud put away i in a light place. Remember that dark, 1 ; warm places are apt to increase the tendency of moth-eating. Ladies' Home Journal. < Tempting I!rc?kfa*t Dishe*. 1 Let every housekeeper remember the t zest given to appetite in the morning, 1 when appetite is least keen, liv a bit ] ot salt meat or lish. Bacon i3 such a s stand-by at ai! times that it now per- < liaps lacks the relish of novelty of t good, broiled. sugar-curtd ham or the f host of excellent relbh-piving salt li^hi { 1 di-he:-, as mackerel. smoke.1 salmon, ! I herring or coil, broiled; salt fish i:i f cream t hath tie or cod ; dainty fish- * balls of end r Ijalilmt, etc. Fruits also a id the dainty l!ui:y things go to make up appetizing summer breakfasts? Woman's Home Companion. f t Ksttietic Cridirons. j The woman who dresses a "reversi- t ble gridiron" up in ribbons and con- t verts it into a paper rack to hang ] upon the wall has some artistic preee- ^ dent for the ugly "ornament" she has j created. In medhcval days, when all j workers in metal were skiliful artists in their trade and worked out by hand c what is now done by machinery, all j the ironwork was artistic. The grills fi or gridirons made in the fifteenth and \ sixteenth centuries are beautiful, ], graceful pieces of workmanship, and j the patterns are now used over doors jas well as for cookery. New York s Tribune. t r A Household Scrapbook. No housekeeper can afford to be without a scrapbook for the preservation of the thousand and one things n that impress her as worth referring to a a second time. Pending their linal f adjustment, a tempting arrangement f that has proved especially satisfactory t is the utilization of large envelopes, e a dozen or so, marked with the vari- g ous subjects they contain, and bound b together in a linen cover, stiffened f with pasteboard. The pasteboard is y cut in two pieces the size of the en- b velopes, while the linen is wide c enough to cover the sides and leave a abundance of room for the back. Two q stout silken threads piercing the low- ii cirrus nf the envelopes and looselv tl tied hold theru in place. The euvel- ii opes may be marked "Sick Diet," n "The Nursery," "Furnishings," t " Sanitary Hints, " " Luncheons, " 12 "Entertaining," and the like, to cor- u respond with their several contents. t! Itereipts. Asparagus Salad Rub three hardboiled egg yolks through a sieve. Put v thelu in a bowl with two raw yolks, a salt, pepper and a tablespoonful of 11 prepared mustard; stir with a wooden ^ spoon, and add slowly two gills of salad oil and a little vinegar, with two n tablespooufuls finely chopped herbs b parsley, tarragon, chives and shallot. ^ This is to be poured over the cold b boiled asparagus. b Mushroom Salad Cut the mushrooms into small pieces and cook thein iu a little olive oil, letting them simmer fifteen minutes. Add some ^ lemon juice and stand on one side until cold. Place the cold mushrooms in a salad bowl and season with salt and pepper, some chopped parsley and a suspicion of onion juice. Cover the whole with a mayonnaise dressing and serve. This is delicious. Sweet Pickle of Apples?Apples make a delicious sweet pickle, and c here is a good recipe for making them: " Do not peel the apples,but core them, f if it is preferred. Cut them in halves 11 and stick three cloves in each half. To 0 a pint of best vinegar add three 8 pounds of sugar, aud this will make a sufficient amount of syrup for six tl pounds of apples. Drop in the ap- ^ pies and let them cook until you can v thrust a straw through them. ^ Gooseberry Tapioca Pudding ?Soak v one cupful of tapioca over night in ^ cold water. Make a syrup of two j cupfuls of sugar and half a cupful of hot water. When boiling add one quart of cleaned gooseberries and cook v until tender. Pour the berries into an earthen dish, drain off the juice and pour over the tapioca. Cook in a urtfil 1 XT clpor ni](l fi UUUUIO UUUC1 uuiu |/V4?VV?IT , , the berries, stir well together, turn into the serving dish and set awnv to cool. Serve very cold with sugar and cream. A Curio in Madagascar. A sensation has been created in Madagascar by the appearance of a carriage in the streets of Antananarivo. It is the tirst one that has ever been ; seen in the country and belongs to the I mayor of the city, Captain I)eslious. Gooseberry ami Currant Cuttings. It is very easy to make cuttings of either currant or gooseberry bushes. A foot length of last year's growth, with the end smoothed off and fixed standing in the soil, will put out roots from its smoothed surface. It is best to only leave one bud above ground. This will make the stem for the future plant. To Domesticate Wild Flowers. Most wild flowers may he made to grow in gardens if provided with an environment sufficiently like their natural one. Select a shady place, fertilize it with leaf mould, water freely md protect the plants from the sun for lbout a week. In removing them trom the woods be careful to get all the oots and to leave as much soil around Ikern as possible. Gestation in Summer. All the domestic animals vary from ] jne to two weeks in the time they bear ' heir young. If the latter part of gesation is in warm weather, and when | there is plenty of succulent feed, the j jarturition usually occurs a little I sooner than it is expected. If during j 'old, freezing weather the reverse is j ;ue case, it is jirooaoie niai tuemore | ucculent food obtainable dnriug warm veuther lias something to do with it, iy keepiug the bowels opeu and the : rt-neral system relaxed. American Cultivator. Ur.qroni ? Culture. Begonias of all kinds grow best in a 'oil that is quite rich, somewhat sandy i tud porous. A soil that is heavy, j ioprgy and apt to become sour cannot j >c used with good results. The mater of drainage is also an item in the | :ulture of begonias not to be over- i ooked. In potting the plants pro- ! ride ample drainage by placing broken I lottery, cinders or some such matter ; a the bottom of the pots. Flowering begonias can be bedded ( >ut in the summer with success, if denty of water is given and a fairly ; unny, warm location selected for the j >ed. Those of the Bex type will do [ >est if plunged in a partially shaded ocution. Both classes should be (rotected from hot, drying winds, and lion Id never be allowed to suffer for k ant of water.?Woman's Home Com>anion. Small Size of Jersey Cowb. It is quite possible that Jersey cows ml others giving large messes of milk re undersized because in calfhood, or a time, at least, they are apt to be ed on their own dam's milk. If heir stomachs are cloyed then, the ffect remains until they may be half rown. ' Jersey and Guernsey milk, >ecause it is extra rich, is often preerred by doting parents for their very oung children, who have to be | rought up on the bottle. Yet no | ow's milk is a complete substitute to i child for that of its mother. All reuire some dilution, and the milk that 3 richest in butter fats needs somehing added to it worst of all. This 3 not, however, to excuse the city lilk dealers, who may dilute the milk o the legal standard. One-half the lortality in cities of babies brought p on the bottle would be obviated if liey were fed properly. A F?rm Roilcr. Portable farm boilers for cooking egetables for hogs and other animals jenow made in many styles, but on lany farms the question of expense ill lead to the using still of the oldishioned "set" kettle. It is a comlon practice to set such a kettle in ? 11 3 1. i.\- - tick, auu leave u exposeu xo me weather. The kettle is thus constantly eing filled with rain, and the top ricks loosened. The accompanying oocrvn APmnATrs FOR ANIMAL FOOD. at shows nn excellent plan fo- coverag the kettle when it is constructed at of doors. This keeps everything uug and dry and presents a much bcter appearance than does the kettle lint is exposed to the weather. Such a ettle can be located convenient to the arious farm buildings, to economize lbor in feeding out the cooked food. Whatever may be the relative chemical alue of cooked and uncooked food for ; arm animals, it is safe to say that the , igestibility of vegetables is greatly ided by cooking, which is a most itniortant point in the case of feeding ' oung animals.?New York Tribune. 1 Sewage Farming. The sewage farm at Acheres, France, rhicli ij fertilized by the sewage of >ofia Una hopii successful both for the mrification of the sewage and t lie proluction of various crops. The sewage, 1 rhich amounts to 17,660,000 cubic eet per diem, flows as far as Cliehy I >y gravity, and is there raised one j mndred and eighteen feet and dis- j ributed over the farm. At present he pumpiug-station is of 1200 horse)o\vcr capacity, but it is to be iu:reased to 600U, and to deal with the >utput of the Paris sewers would rejuire a farm of 11.120 acres instead of. ' the 2171 acres now under cultivation. I The laml is worth five times as much ' as previously, and many of the land, owners are eager to have the sewage supplied to their properties. When ; the sewage leaves the farm so] great is the degree of purification attained that a bacterial examination reveals fewer bacteria to the cubic centimeter thau is the case of most streams supposed to be uucontaminated. New York Post. Making a Hotbed. The ordinary hotbed consists of a pile of fermenting stable manure, covered with a frame and glazed sashes, j in which is a layer of fertile soil. The bed should be located where it will be easy of access, but it should be on dry ground, and not where water could How over the ground and about its base, even in wet weather. It should also be sheltered from heavy ' winds, and with a full exposure to the sun. In preparation for a bed the fresh manure and long litter are collected from stables and drawn together lnnofinn nf 1r* 1 irlioro fliotr n, I..V .Ui-awuu mv utv., " IU-.J ' :; B jAX rr-TO-DATK FRAMED IIOTEED. are placed in n conical jiile. As tho manure is thus thrown together it is packed down by treadiug ua it, the treading being repeated as the bed is raised a few inches at a time, until the pile is finished off to a poiut at the top. After a few days- it may be noticed that tho pile is heating by seeing steam rise from it. It is then customary to handle over the manure, shaking it out and again making it r? ?\iln ond fvomtti r\rr if dnii'n oa before. In tiro or three days tlie signs of heating will again bo evident, and it is then ready to be made into a bed. The bed should be made large enough to extend at least a foot outside of the frame at sides and ends. In throwing tne manure into shape, as the pile rises in height every few inches, it should be beaten down with the back of the fork so that the material will be of uniform density. The bed should be two feet or two and a *** half feet in depth; the deeper it is the steadier and longer continued will be the heat. When the bed is finished evenly on top the frame can be set on and covered with the sashes. In a few days a strong heat will rise, and when this abates somewhat, so that the thermometer thrust into the ma unre indicates oniy eiguty-uve or ninety degrees, a layer of rich mellowsoil that lias been previously prepared should be placed in the frame and spread evenly over the bed, to a depth of about six inches. The bed is now ready for use, and seed sowing in it can oommence. In the management of a hotbed constant reference must be made to a "shaded thermometer kept inside, and air must be given sufficiently to keep the temperature down to about seventy degrees, and there should be mats provided for sheltering the bed on cold nights and in severe storms. Vick's Magazine. Feeding Without Profit. The chief object of feeding should be protit from the conversion of field crops into more concentrated forms for market. When stock can be kept with profit, there is a double profit from the farm?one from producing the crops and one from converting them into meat, milk, wool, etc. Bat a considerable number of farmers that do not have profitable stock farms, feel obliged to keep stock for the sake of the manure, skinning all grass and clover fields, and growing other foraga for the maintenance of the stock. We want to bear in mind that stock add nothing to the quautity of plant food in the iorage, were it given directly to the soil, but that the feeding robs the average farm of more than half its strength. The stock takes part of it own use, and most farmers do not have perfect appliances for saving and applying the remainder. There is continual loss, the distribution is bad, usually, and if the cultivated field that grew a second orop of clover or a heavy aftermath of timothy could retain it as a mulch to be plowed under at the right time it wonld get far more fertility out of it than it ever would from the manure made by feeding it, 4l?^ rktrov fltA QlirfflPA iWUl IUO Ui.niiwuuwu v. v* v-v would be far more even. Nine times out of ton the fields need vegetable matter far more than anything else, and the idea that all growth should be passed through the stables means in actual practice the robbing of the field iu respect to the very thing it most needs. If the feed is needed for stock that is going to bring a nice profit over all cost, that is another matter entirely; but where soil fertility is the main consideration, and cultivated crops are the farmer's source of income, he is on the wrong track when he puts labor on the harvesting of all manurial crops, only to have half the fertility Wl Jiv nftssinc through the stables. Soils may by fed as directly by plowing a growth under as by applying the manure gotten by feeding the growth, and the amount of plant food secured by the first method is much .greater;.