Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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' ' i < * 5 aiHB mnanwi Believes War With Spain is Almost j a Certainty. TALKS FULLY ABOUT SITUATION The Order* He Has Already Issued to the Style Volunteer Troops?Other Preparations Being; Made. r . Governor Ellerbeafew days since gave out the following to the press: "Governor, what do you think of the prosj>ect of war with Spain?" "War is a very serious matter and should not at any time be undertaken except for special aud sufficient rea sons. If, however, the court of inquiry decides that the Spanish government is responsible for the blowing up of the Maine it seems to me that war is inevitable. The dastardly act of taking the lives of 250 unsuspecting American seamen while quietly asleep in a friendly port should not be treated lightly by any nation of courage. The conservative policy which has been pursued by the administration is to be , much commended. "If war be declared and you are I called upon what do you propose to do?" "I would order out the State troops immediately." "How many men oould you put out on short notice." "I have about 5,000 armed and I eouirmed. who would resDond to a man I and fight a circular saw to protect the honor of the American flag." "Who will you putin command?" "If the troops of my State are put in the field I will take command myself. I have ordered Adjutant-General Watts to fully equip every company and direot the captains to recruit their companies to the numbers required." The correspondent of the News and Courier from Columbia says there was considerable talk about Governor Ellerbe's statement that he would take command of the troops of South Carolina in the event of war being declared with Spain. While Governor Ellerbe wou\d do whatever he was told by the Federal, authorities in the event of war, he is satisfied that the Carolina troops would all be used in the defence of the Carolina coast, and in that event he calcu lates that the State militia would act as a body, under State control and with State officers. In case the South Carolina troops should volunteer in the regular United States army Governor Ellerbe could appoint himself colonel, and all of his appointments would have to be of oolonels and officers under that rank, the United States reserving the right, to name all officers above the rank of colonel. Governor Ellerbe continues to receive offers from citizens who want to serve in the army should there be a war. Thereare a great many in Columbia who think there is no prosA pect of war, and that the more extenA sive the preparations the less the chance Jr of actual conflict STATE NEWS ITEMS. The following State ivews items are culled from the many correspondents of * 1 41 _ At 1 A At tne Aevrs ana courier inrougaout we State: > Columbia. President Wilborn. of the State Alliance, reports that the meetings of the Alliances held on the 12th were well attended, and that his reports indicate > revival of the interest in the Alliance, and that new and old members have taken active hold of tho organization. All the Alliances will hold the quarterly meetings on the 8th of April, and addresses will be delivered before all the Alliances at that time. Hampton. Measures are about to be taken by a 1 number of prominent Hampton county men for the establishment of an industrial college for girls in this county. It is estimated that the buildings oan be erected for $5,000. It is proposed to organize a joint stock oompany, with live hundred shares, at ten dollars each, to provide the necessarv funds, no stockholder being allowed more than one hundred shares. Oakland, Clarendon County. wJeff Davis, colored, of the Alcolu Lumber Mills, received some serious wounds at the saw mill. One of the saws struck him on the head, cutting in twain both cheek and jaw bones, splitting open the skull on one side, leaving the brain exposed. The left ches* was laid open, so muoh so that the lungs can be seen. No hope for his recovery? Immense quantities of commercial guano are being purchased by farmers, indicating that there is to be no decrease in theootton acreage.... The acreage in sugarcane will be increased more than 100 per cent this rear as compared with last.... Tobacco culture is here to sisy. Spartanburg. | The smallpox talk has ceased. OoL casionally a case of the "other thing" B is reported, but there are no fears of it I spreading. The people will have to wait for the wise doctors at the next A meeting of the Medical Association to Jm tell them what that "other thing" is. A Shameful Sight. * One of the most prominent clergymer in the State called the attention of the Columbia State to a shameful spectacle witnessed on a train at Spartanburg a few days since. A constable had two prisoners charged with blookading. One was a negro m n and the other was a white woman; t' officer had them handcuffed togetb*.. Many strong protests were made by passengers, it is said, but without avail. Palmetto Chips. The Secretary of State has issued a commission to the Palmetto Building /Aand Loan Association of Spartanburg. Col. T. J. Lipscomb has been elected ? mayor of Columbia over Mayor Sloan, the present incumbent, who has held the office for two terms. Lipscomb's majority was 227 votes. Work on the jetties at Georgetown has been begun. An appropriation of 92,000,000 was made for deepening the bar in Win yah bay and removing deposits or shoals at the mouth of rivers entering into same. fflBWIilHlM The Case of Clerk of Court Bullock in Abbeville. HE IS UNDER INDICTMENT For Using the Name of the Circuit Judge Without Authority, and the Gov. Undertakes to Remove Him. During the recent session of the Gen eral Assembly there was quite a sensation in the report that Clerk of Court Bullock, of Abbeville, was charged with using the name of the Circuit Judge without authority. The grand jury in time found a true bill against Bullock, and he is now under indictment In the course of events Governor Ellerbe issued an order declaring Bullock removed from office upon the true bill having been found, and appointed J. L. McMillan, clerk of court for Abbeville county until Bullock is acquiited, and if not acquitted Mr. McMillan will hold the office for the unexpired term. But Bullock refuses to surrender the office, and Mr. McMillan has not yet beeu able to secure possession of the office and books. The case is one of particular interest and is, perhaps, the lirst in the history of the State on exactly the lines indicated, certainly the first case under the provisions of the Constitution as adopted in 1895. The Constitution reads as follows: "Section 22. Whenever it shall be hrnncrht to the notice of the Governor by affidavit that any officer who has the custody of public 01- trust funds is probably guilty of embezzlement or the appropriation of public or trust funds for private use. then tho Governor shall direct his immediate prosecution by the proper officer, and, upon true bill found, the Governor shall suspend such ffiocer and appoint one in his place until he shall have been acquitted by a verdict of a jury. In case of conviction the office shall be declared vacant and the vacancy filled as may be provided by law." The Attorney General's office haa taken up the matter and will give suck encouragement as called upon to Mr. trV%ydon, who is seeking to have the officfe turned over to Mr. McMillan uudeV the appointment of Governor Ellerbe:??*? It will be remembered that during Governor Tillman's time an effort was made, at his request, to give the Governor the right to remove sheriffs and i ?A a oi&er omoera. mi juea was wj get. riu of sheriffs who permitted lynching! of prisoners. The General Assembly has all along refused this right, as did the Constitutional Convention, and the compromise effected was to give the Governor the right to suspend an officer as soon as a true bill was rendered by the grand jury for embezzlement The opposition to the right of removal was founded on the fact that the sheriffs and clerks were elected by the people, and that the people should be allowed to deal with their own officers. It will be interesting to note who will hold the office. In the meanwhile the people of Abbeville do not know whom it is safe to recognize as clerk of the court for the recording of instruments. The Abbeville Press and Banner says of the case: "Mr. J. L. McMillan having filed his bond as olerk of court of this county with the Secretary of State on the 12th instant, on Monday, by instrnctions from the Governor, made a formal demand of Mr. W. R. Bullock for the office. Mr. Bollock refused to vacate, saying that he was advised by his attorneys that the Governor had no authority of law to suspend or remove him, and that he was going to stand upon his legal rights. Leave to briug action has already been granted to Mr. MoMillan by Judge Klngh, and a: soon as the papers can be prepared suit will be commenced by Mr. McMillan for the office. If the court should hold that the Governor had the power to remove Mr. Bullock it is expected that Mr. Bullock's attorneys will appeal tc the Supreme Court. Messrs. F. B. Gary and E. G. (Jtaydon represent Clerk Bullock, and the Attorney General and Mr. W. N. Graydon represent Mr. McMillan. The public awaits with growing interest the result of this oomplioated case." The contention of Mr. Bullock's friends is understood to be that the Constitution provided that there shall be a suspension from office upon a true bill being found only in case of embezzlement and the misuse of publio funds, and the Constitution seems to read that way. The charge against Mr. Bullock is forgery, and that, it is alleged, is not covered by the Constitution. The position is that a true bill is found on ex parte statement, and that it is not fair to presume a man guilty upon an ex parte statement made to a grand jury. It is contended that there is no misuse of public funds, and, as a matter of fact, Mr. Bullook has overpaid the State. The contention is said to be about a claim of $2.40, all the other parties admitting that they received their pay, and in regard to the $2.40 claim a sou of the man for whom the certificate was drawn is said to have ilm mnn?? Thare are now said to be warrants signed in blank by another Cironit iudge, which could hare been issued had the clerk intended fraud. It is contended that it ii not au usual praotioe for clerks to sign the names of judges to pay warrant? "-"1 ?ome judges fill the warrants out in'blank. Tne u3tn annual commencement of the Medical College of ihe State of South Carolina will be held at Charleston April 1st Nineteen young doctors will graduate. The Florence correspondent of the State says: Politios are being talked some now. Humor says that Congressman Norton and J. E. Ellerbe/of Marion, and Senator Scarborough, of Horry, will be the candidates for Congressional honors. That Dr. Hderton and Mr. B. B. McWhite will oppose one another for State Senator from Florence county, and that Senator J. E. Pettigrew will run for railroad commissioner. There is something to make fun of about every one. '?;> y1 V ^ t j"' i iiiuini. Three White Men Convicted of a Shameful Crime. FATHER AND TWO SONS. The Son* Sentenced to 5 Years In the Penitentiary and the Futher to 18 Months on the Chain Gang. A special from Newberry to the Newg ami Courier, of the 12th, says: The Powaria case ended tonight in the conviction of three parties tried at this term of court. The mass of testimony occupied four full days. Arguments ' were begun this morning, and three speeches on each side occupied until (5 o'clock. Judge Benet's charge occupied half an hour, and embraced the law in the cose. The jury retired at 7 o'clock and rendered a verdict at <J:30. Albert F. Rizer and William Rizer were found guilty of housebreaking and larceny, and sentenced to live years and one month in the penitentiary. Jas. A. Rizer was found guilty of receiving stolen goods and was sentenced to eighteen months on tne onain gaug ur eighteen months in the penitentiary. Judge Benet, in passing sentence, said that he would not add one word to the torture of the moment. Profound silence prevailed in the court room when the verdict was announced, and before passing sentence each prisoner made a negative reply to Judge Benet's question if they had anything to say why sentence should not be passed. Three white men, a fathor with the frost of sixty-live winters upon his head, and two sons convicted of a grave crime presents a sadly remarkable spectacle in this community. The trial engrossed the whole of public attention, and the verdict produces a profound impression generally. The other parties in jail arrested in the Pomaria case are to be tried at the special term in April. I MISS BERTIE WALKED UP While Water Was Being Drawn From Reservoir to Recover Her Body. The thoughtlessness of Miss Bertie Hood, 21 and protty, nearly preoipitated a water famine in Columbia on the 13th. j Sheiafrom Winnsboro and was visiting friends in the city. Last afternoon she disappeared. Search of friends and police failed to hud a trace. About noon today a bottle lloating in the reservoir was iished oat A paper bearing the words, "I am at the bottom of this with weights on my body, fiertio," was found inside. The process of drawing off six million gallons of water and dragging the reservoir was immediately begun in the presence of a big, crowd. At dusk, when three million galioas of filtered water had returned to the river, Miss Hood walkedup. Sho had spent the night with friends on the northern limit of the city and neglected to notify anyone. Some wag perpetrated the bottle joke on the city. Express and Postofflce Robbed. A Hampton special to The State says: Some one entered the Southern Express office here, opened tho safe and carried away 321.0U0; also oponedmany express packages but loft them. When MTB. nuguea, me fiuakuiiiueaB usio, opened her office she found the safe blown open, mnch damage dono to tho furniture, and taken. Several persons heard a heavy discharge Saturday night, but could not locate it, and no one suspected that our quiet community had been invaded by burglar. Several suspicious characters have been in town recently, but up to this time no arrests have been made. Lynchers Kolled. Last woek Charlie Williams, the negro who was accused of murdering Mr. J. W. Lee at Bishopville on November 21st, was tried at Sumter and found guilty of murder with recommendation to mercy, 'ihe people from the Bishopville section were not satisfied with the verdict, and violence was feared. The sheriff received an intimation that an attempt would be made to lynch the negro, and he instructed Deputy Gaillard to get him to a place of safety, and he was taken to Columbia. A Shorter Route to Columbia. It is said that the Carolina Midland i railway will comple its extension to Batesburg in about three weeks. This will give this section of the country a shorter route to Columbia and the upcountry. Mr. J. W. Fowler, the general manager, will probably do much to improve tne service, equipment and physical condition of the road. He is a railroad official of long experience and full of expedients and resources. Crime in the State. ^1.461% AA/iAv/linoi 4A n/vvvnariAn/^. WI1 UlO 11VU) OWV/Vi UiUg w WA4VV|TVUUents of the Columbia State, the following murders were committed: Near Union Lee Tnrnbill (white) shot and instantly killed Emma Hall (colored). They had been playing in the presence of five witnesses and he told her to stop, and she didn't, with the above resuit. Near Camden, Allen Carolina (colored) was shot by Constable J. F. Bateman, while resisting arrest for burning cord wood. In Bethel township, in York county. Butler Bobbins shot and instantly killed Tom McFaddeu, both oolored. It is said that Bobbins found McFadden in a compromising position with his, Bobbins', sister. Serious Misunderstanding.?"Oh, I had an awful time with that hacknian last night!" "Tell us." "I gave him a little extra change to get himself something to warm up with while he was waiting for the play to end, ami he took so much that he saw all the city blocks double. Then he wanted to fight me because he thought he had driven me two miles instead of one."? Cincinnati Enquirer. The longer a man Is married the less lie dodges when his wife throws things 1 at him. , . , # ?. ' " . ... ' HOUSEHOLD MATTERS. Flah in Cream. Take a pint of cold boiled fish, remove bones, flake it. Mince a few sprigs of watercress, cover with sweet milk, scald and season with a halfteaspoonfnl of salt and a saltspoonfnl of white pepper just before sending to the table. This is a delicate breakfast dish. Finnan hadciie and smoked sturgeon served this way, after a thorough cooking, are excellent. They require no salt. Delicious Peanut Wafers. Peanut wafers aro delicious. To make them, stir to a cream one-half i cup of butter and one cupful sugar: add three-quarters of a cup of milk,! two scant cups of flour into which one j -C ?? ?? ? ?f nr Koo 1 ifUbjJUUUiui ui unaiu^ jsi/wuwt. u?.< | been sifted, and a tcaspoonful oi1 vanilla. Turn a baking pan upside down, I wipe tho bottom very clean, butter it, and spread the mixture over it, using a knife to mal^e it smooth and even. Sprinklo this thickly with finely chopped or rolled peanuts, and bake in a moderate oven until brown. As soon as the tin is taken from the oven cut the cake in squares, lift carefully from the tin and place on the moulding board to cool. Keep in tin to preserve their crispness. Ideal Griddle Cakes. "Wholesome"and "delicious,"used in conjunction, have an appetizing sound, that is not belied by the breakfast product thus designated. To make ideal buttermilk griddle cakes, beat into a quart of buttermilk one teaspoonful of soda, a half teaspoonful of salt, and flour to make a rather stiff batter. When smooth and light, bake a rich brown on the griddle. A common mistake made by many cooks is to add egg to pancake batters; but, as a rale, cakes made with eggs are never so delicate as those thickened with flour alone. Do not have the griddle swimming in grease. If yoa use the iron griddles, a bit of suet or fat pork, tied in a piece of cheesecloth, and quickly wiped over the griddle with* out leaving an offensive trail of fat behind, will be quite sufficient to keep the cakes from sticking. A Pies For Salt Mackerel. An authority makes a plea for th< rather maligned salt mackerel. It is indigestible, and consequently disliked, he asserts, because its preparation and also the method of eating are not understood. The first point to be insisted upon is its thorough freshening. There is no danger of getting it too fresh, because salt can always be added; but there is the necessity of i-A- _ ? J itiAAAfl /\l iU A Ativinn IIU U1 1(1 IH/OO VIA WUC VUUU^ |/*w* C8S8. It shoald then be broiled, and if it is plunged into boiling water for an instant, after it is broiled, this operation will plnmp it to an attractive appearance. It is better for being rubbed with a little olive oil rather than butter before broiling. Just as it is sent to the table, lemon juice is sprinkled over it and parsley is put on the platter. No liquids should be taken while the fish is being eaten. It is the contrary custom, that of sipping coffee, perhaps, after every mouthful or two, that has given it the reputation of an indigestible food, while in reality it is a valuable one, and a useful addition to the breakfast menu.?New York Post. Household Hints. Agate ware is not suitable for frying or for the cooking of fats. Doughnuts or fritters are much bettei fried in dripping than in lard. In sweeping a carpet, remember always to sweep with the pile, and not not against it. I in tt-1-1 fraaVi fnnrrno luo wains* iu HUAuu vuv<4vwu uiatton or chicken is boiled may be used for soup or added to the stock pot. Tablecloths'are now being made ol silk and have gained considerable popularity among those who can afford them. For marking table and bed linen one initial is preferred to a monogram 01 two letters, and a simple design to a more elaborate one. A jar filler should belong to every housekeeper who puts up preserves. Only the best granulated sugar should be used. Do not use cans made from tin, but large-mouthed glass jars, A paint brush added to the housemaid's stock of weapons in her journey with dust will be found most efficacious for routing that enemy from mouldings, corners of the window sasb and crevices of the baseboards. One of the simplest and most efficient means of driving away rats is to set saucer of chloride of lime around the places which they frequent. They do not eat the lime, but its fumes are very disagreeable to them and will resuit in their leaving the neighborhood. Individual and exclusive tablecloths, hemstitched, and with hemstitched napkins to match, are found in great variety of attractive patterns. For afternoon teas and small tea tables the best sized cloths are thirty-six by thirty-six and fifty-fonr by fifty-four. They may be had in finest damask as well as in plain hemstitched effects. An excellent calves' foot jelly may be made from the hind knuckle or hock in place *of the feet. Indeed, many give it the preference, thinking it has a better taste, in making the traditional calves' foot jelly, considered specially palatable for invalids, one set of feet or "trotters" are allowed to one gallon of water. This heated slowly and simmered gently will give two quarts of jelly. School Canteens. Fvery pablic school in Paris has !a "canteen" on the premises, where the children are provided with warm meals free to those who are too poor topay.. The cost of the food which is thus furnished is abont a penny a head. v,.V- ... /' ,v. ' V* ' // >; ' '/ . ' ' ' / ^ ^ Meal on Cat Corn Stalks. It is only possible to use meal on out corn stalks with advantage after they have been steamed enough to soften them. It is best done when the feed is steamed after the meal has been applied. This partly cooks the meal and diffuses it through the stalks, so that the whole will be eaten. When dried stalks are cut and merely wet with cold water, the meal put on them will be licked off by cattle, and this will soon make the unused stalks very offensive. Cut hay and straw are much better to feed meal with than are cut s:alks. It is better to have the cut hay or straw steamed as the meal is applied to them. Baying Feed For Fertility. The question how a farm . shall be montt.iid ia nnt nnA that. t>sn hfl solved in all cases off hand. Thore are farms where the best improvement possible was to run a few nnderdrains through a very rich part of the farm and use the crops grown on this to feed stock which should mannre the rest of the farm. Wherever this is possible it should be done in preference to buying either feed or fertilizers. But with a farm that is naturally underdrained the question how to increase its fertility must depend much on its location. If it is where milch cows may be kept and there is a good market for milk, it may pay better to enrich the land by purchasing and feeding wheat bran, linseed meal or cotton seed meal, together with such coarse feed as can be grown on the place, than in any other way. The milk sold will more than pay for the feed, and the manure product will be therefore a free by-product in this method of manufacturing. It is often believed that milk takes so largely from the nitrogenous and mineral sub stances in food that little is left for the manure. Bat experiments with milch cows shows that when they are highly fed, fully eighty-five per cent, of the mineral substances in their food and eighty per cent, of its nitrogenous substances goes out in manure. ?American Cultivator. Regularity In Salting the Dairy. If the cook should conclude that the trouble of salting our food is all unnecessary, or that if we require it at all, once each week is sufficiently often, she would undoubtedly meet with a vigorous protest from all concerned. What reason is there, either in theory or practice, to lead us to suppose that our dumb animal friends are less sen sitive to such irregularities? The writer remembers well that with every Sunday morning in his boyhood days came the duty of giving both cattle and horses a handful of salt. As time went .on a cheese factory was built, and as we became its patrons we had an excellent opportunity in weighing our milk from day to day to study the effect of changing conditions. We soon learned that "salt day" was invariably^ followed by a shrinkage in weights at the factory. We very naturally concluded that such over doses of salt irritated the stomach of the cow, causing a feverish condition of the entire system, and consequent lessening of the Sow of milk. We at once adopted the plan of sprinkling the mangers with salt before the stabling the cows, both at night and in the morning, and the irregularities noted above were at an end. The cows seem to enjoy the licking from end to end of a salted box much better than a large quantity of salt. They come into the stable as soon as the doors are throVa open instead of waiting to be drive a in as formerly, and stay each in its accustomed stanchion much better than when there is nothing to take up their attention, and every dairyman knows that "in contentment there is a great gain."?A Dairyman, in Farm, Field and Fireside. Extemporised Grain Bins. It is no small job and requires not a little lumber to make a grain bin for the stables, having four compartments. GBAIX BINS FOB STABIiE. The cut shows an easy way of securing the same accommodations. Four empty sugar barrels ore set in a row and secured by a few narrow strips of board. A cover is hinged either to the wall or to this frame-work and the bin with four compartments is complete. It may even be made by setting the four barrels in a row and hinging a cover to the wall behind them. A sugar barrel is very commodious and eastyr from which to dip meal. Beducinc Blacksmiths' Bills. Farmers who do much team work on the road are obliged to make pretty heavy bills at the blacksmith's. This is especially true in the winter season, when ordinary smooth shoes are not enough for safety. To sharpen and reset a round of shoes every two or three weeks makes an expense that oan only be afforded by farmers who have a great deal to market on good prices. So many kinds of implements are now used on the farm that every farmer ought to have some acquain\. I i . . t . >-' ' *\i r'' * ' j' ' * i Hu ? jmsl i ? s-v . % . <S| tance with some blacksmithing, so .! that he can mend what is broken with*; , ont being obliged to go off the farm to Kfi do it. A qnantity of bolts and nnts <rfi cunereni sizes, wun a iuu eei ox vw? . r>* to go with them, can now be purchased for less than two or three visits at the blacksmith's would cost. It will be a great convenience if the: farmer learns enough about his horse'sj feet so that at a pinch he can reset a shoe when one has been cast, and the V V blacksmith shop cannot be conveni- ? ently reached. We have known fanners who learned to set a shoe as well :f\ as any blacksmith could do it. As a ' ./jj good deal of this work was done during rainy days, it did not any more r .|i intefere with farm work than it would to drive to the nearest blacksmith's and wait while he shod perhaps a dozen horses before your turn came. At this season of the year, horses have to be reshod frequently, so as to keep the toe calks sharpened. As the setting of a shoe is a comparatively aim-' pie matter, it ought to be included in' - tne practical eaucauon 01 every man fM who intends to make farming his life ^ business. And yet probably, should | this be done, some intermeddling law :? maker would frame a law to require . & all who did any horseshoeing to pass' an examination and be registered, and jm forbid a farmer even to shoe the horses on his own farm until he had ?$ been to this trouble and expense. Crate For Moving Swine, Sheep or Calvaa It is often desirable to move a small. 'Jfl animal from one building to another,i or from one pasture enclosure to another. Leading or driving a calf, sheep or pig is attended with diiB FOB BBIXGIXG IX CALVXS^ culties. They will go in oompany - 'fflja with others, but decidedly object to going alone. The cut show* a crate ' ? - A on wheels, with handles permitting ft to be used as a. wheelbarrow, bto this the small animal can be driven,/:, the door closed and the crate wheeled. away. It will also be found a very useful contrivance in bringing in %. -5 calves that have been dropped by y$g their dams in the pasture. Do To or On Bopslrlnf. J0K Too many farmers are given to hir- v:5eS ing repair work done which, with the aid of a few tools and a little ingenuity, they could do themselves at onetenth the oost, writes ?. H. Richard- y t :? C?.n<? TnJd "Parmar All aM '/ Js OU1J) UU V ? ? %? I www 'i:ftaTM iron and a bolt box should be found in: every barn. Having these in place,: iiigjW never pass a piece of (old iron or a Vt'-jfo bolt, however useless it may look, but j :> pick it np and pat it into its box, and " ' ^ seven times out of ten yon will find' that apparently worthless pieoe will. * V] answer a useful purpose. . Bolts of all i sizes and descriptions, especially ? and } and 1 inch are always coming handy. Every farmer should have a' -.'p: bench 30 inches wide by 10 to 15 feet f ? long, with a good vise 18 inches from the end on the left-hand side as you. stand fdcing the side of the benoh. A left-handed man will have the vise on ' i the right end instead of the left Hanging conveniently over thin ' ^ bench on the wall should be a good ^ ^ rip and crosscut saw, 12 teeth to theinch, a 12-inch flat bastard die, a 1 ; 6-inch three-cornered saw file, a 10 off 12-inch braoe, with J, ), i, f, f/f and 1-inch bits and a 11 and 2-inch anger.! Bight here let me say, never file the bottom side of the cutting edges of a bit or auger, always the top side and file at quite a sharp angle. A good heavy hammer, a claw hammer and; ax and light riveting hammer should* , ^ also be found, a boxgjf assorted f to f >> copper rivets, a col crchisel, punoh, a square, a marking gauge, a screw driver, monkey wrench, 12-inch stetson pipe wrench fer twisting bolts, plyers J, $, f, 1 and l}-inch chisels, mallet, harness punch, j-inoh iron drill to use in brace, an assortment of small wire nails, 1-inch to 1-inch, a smoother and jack plane, a pair of compasses and a key-hole saw. t These tools will, of course, cost considerable, but if you use them as muoh as vou oueht they will pay for them selves in six months, as yon can do almost anything in the way of repair work. An old anvil or block of iron shonld be added and if yon get a cheap drill press and some rainy day build a forge, your blacksmith's bill would, indeed, be light; with the above tools and a little ingenuity almost anything cau be repaired. Any man who has brains enough to successfully engineer a form should be able to use tools and do any repair work. To illustrate what I mean by using a little ingenuity: Last fall my wagon tires got loose. I removed them one rainy day, nailed some strips I had which were 1 inch thick by f inch wide half way around the wheels, heeled the tires, put them on. The result was as good a job as the -blacksmith would have done. The cost was about five cents. Saved $S. 45. Time, two hours. Wood Liquefied. It is not generally known that sixty per cent, of wood may be converted into liquid. . % f- * 4' i - c' ,..fc ; v.. j : V.Tt f