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r ■^w THE DARLINGTON HERALD. VOL. I DARLINGTON, S. C., WEDNESDAY, MAY 13, 1891. NO . 30. CHURCHES. PKEiBYTEBIAN ChCRCH.—ReT. J. G. L«w, Pastor; Preaching every Sabbath at 11} *' 111 ■ an d 8 p. in. Sabbath School at 10 a. m., Prayer Meeting every Wednesday afternoon at 5 o’clock. Methodist Church. - Rev. J. A. Riee, Paator; Preaching every Sanday at lit a. m. and 8 p. m., Sabbath School at 5 p. mPrayer Meeting every Thursday at 8 p.m. Baptist Church.—Rev. G. B. Moore, Paster; Preaching every Sunday at lit a. m and 8:80 p. m., Prayer Meeting every Tuesday at 8 p. m. Episcopal Chapel.—Rev. W. A. Guerry, Rector; H. T. Thompson, Lay Reader. Preaching 3rd Sunday at 8:30 p. m., LayReading every Sunday morn ing at 11 o'clock, Sabbath School every Sunday afternoon at 5 o’clock. Macedonia Baptist Church.—Rev I. P. Breckington, Pastor; Preaching every Sunday at 11 a. m. and 8:30 p. m. Sabbath School at 8:30 p.m., Prayer Meeting every Tuesday evening at 8:80 o’clock. COUNTY OFFICERS. Sheriff.—W. P. Cole. Clerk of Court.—W. A. Parro.t Treasurer.—J. E. Bass. Auditor.—W. H. Lawrence. Probate Judge.—T. H. Spain. Coroner.—R. G. Parnell. School Commissioner.—W. H. Evans. County Commissioners.—C. B.King, W. W. McKinzie, A. A. Gandy. Professional Garbs. w. F. DARGAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW. Darlington, C. H., 8. C. Office over Blackwell Brothers’ store. £ KEITH DARGAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Darlington, 8. C. N ETTLES & NETTLES, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Darlington, C. H., S. C. Will practice in all State and Federal Courts. Careful attention will be given to all business entrusted to us. P. BISHOP PARROTT, STENOGRAPHER and t t p e-writer. LEGAL AND OTHER COPYING SOLICITED. Testimony leported in short hand, and type written transcript of same fur nished at reasonable rates. Good spelling, correct punctuation and nest work guaranteed. Office with Nettles & Nettles. C P DARGAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW AND TRIAL JUSTICE, Darlington, S. C. Practices in the United States Court and in the 4th and 5th circuits. Prompt attention to all business entrusted to me. Office, Ward’s Lane, uexl to the Dar lington Herald office. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS. —ALL KINDS OF— MARBLE MONUMENTS, MARBLE MONUMENTS, ( Tablets and Grave Stones furnished at Short Notice, and as Cheap as can be Purchased Else where. fW" Designs and Prices Furnished on Application. |y All Work Delivered Free on Line of C. & D. R. R. DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS, DARLINGTON MARBLE WORKS, DARLINGTON, S. C. FIRE 1 FIRE 1 I Represent Twelve of the most Reliable Fire Inamance Compa nice in the World—Among them, the Liverpool and Lon don and Globe, of England, the Largest Fire Campany in the World; and the iEtna, of Hart ford, the Largest of all Ameri can Fire Companies. fjT Prompt Attention to Business and Satisfaction Guaranteed. F. E. NORMENT, DARLINGTON, B. O. Office between Edwards, Norraent A Co., and Joy ft Sander?’, OU r IN THE WOODS. Out In the woods where the maples grow, rhere's a musical drip that the childres know, A spink, spank, spink, A silvery link As the waters down from the great tree) flow. Sweet are the waters that trickle down Through the great trees, afar from th« town, With their spink, spank, spink, Till the trough looks pink As it peers through the sap from its coating brown. A rough-hewn trough is the trough for me And its home-made “spile’’ in the maple tree, For the spink, spank, spink, Is a silvery tink That dwells like a song in the memory. The dead leaves rustling beneath the feet Once gathered from sun and from rain the sweet, And the spink, spank, spink. Of the famous drink Is the song when the spring and the winter meet. Out in the woods where the maples grow There’s a musical drip that the children know. And the spink, spank, spink. Is a silvery tink That will summon the violets from below. —Columbus Dispatch. A Hero of New Mexico. BY CHARLES F. LUMMIS. When I look back over the strange career of my brave old Spanish friend, Colonel Manuel Chaves, whose weary remnant of a body was laid to lest two years ago under the shadow of the noblest mountain in Western New Mexico, th* exploits of many heroes, who were handler to the frame-maker, seem a triflo tame. Known and loved here, yet hit name seldom reached to tho great outsido world of newspapers and historians, and to-day he fills the grave of an almost un recorded hero. Yet I suppose there was never a more remarkable life. For over fifty years he was almost constantly warring against the Apaches, Comanches, Navajos and Utcs. Over 200 of his relatives were killed by Indians. He participated in more than 100 fights and carried a scar for nearly every one of them. His body was such a network of ghastly cicatrices that scarcely could you lay your hand upon him anywhere with out touching a scar. For the last fifteen years of his life he suffered untold agonies —the result of his awful wounds and the years of exposure and hardship, but he met this more merciless foe as calmly as he had met the Apache, and when, at seventy-four, the flickering soul went out, it was calmly as a little child’s. Life on the New Mexican frontier in his day was something which wo can ill realize. There were no railroads then to make travel easy for even the timid and weak; nor mails to bring far friend near; nor telegraphs to flash warning or hope. The lonely New Mexicans, shut off from contact, and almost from the East by a vast and fearful wilderness, were surrounded by savage nature and still more savage man. It was one of the bitterest lands on the earth, a land ol Fast distances and scant product, of in- ^ finite thirst and little wherewith tc quench it, a land of hardship eternal and of daily danger, where boys were sol diers and mothers had to fight for their babes. It was almost as if there had been no other world beyond those awful plains. Whatever was consumed was made at home, and found no other mar ket. There were not even firearms for defence against the relentless savages, save a scant supply of the clumsy old Spanish escopetas, (flintlock muskets) scarcely better weapons than the bows and arrows whose use the settlers learned from their foes. Manuel was in his youth a wonderfully expert archer, and won countless ponies and blankets from the Indians themselves in contests during the short intervals of peace. Later he became the best rifle shot New Mexico has ever produced. The little town of Cebolleta, where Manuel passed bis boyhood, was never at peace in tne nrst naif century of its ex istence. It was out and alone from the other Spanish settlements, and in the very heart of the Navajo country; and it was a fearful sufferer at the hands of the Indians. It was from Cebolleta that young Man uel started, when he was eighteen years old, on his first expedition—though he had already seen enough of war at home, and was accounted among the bravest of the brave. With his eldest brother, Jose, and fourteen other young men, he started for the Canyon de Chusco, 150 miles to the westward, in the stronghold of tho Indians, on a trading expedition. What a commentary on the times in which they lived—this seeking n market among savages from whom murderous assaults the traders were in constant peril even while at home 1 They were attacked al night in the Canyon de Chusco, and all were killed save Manuel—who was left for dead with seven arrows in his body, and his Indian servant, Pahe, who wai also fearfully wounded. Alone and on foot they started on that fearful journey homeward. Pahe died of his wounds in two days, and Manuel dragged himself alone the rest of the way, hiding by day from the savages, crawling on by night, followed by sneaking coyotes, that never left his bloody trail; tortured with thirst and pain, with no food save the cactus fruit, until at last a faithful seryaot found him fainting on the last ridge oi San Mateo and carried him home upon his back. When he recovered'from these wounds he was engaged as a guide to a party of traders from Mexico to New Orleans, ann thence went to St. Louis with a young Cuban, who finally robbed him of all he had in the world. Then he returned to New Mexico ami settled in Santa Fe, but in 1846 had tc flee to Utah on account of political com plications. The following year he was recalled and put in command of an expedition against the Utes, whom he thrashed soundly. The invasion of New Mexico by the American forces in the Mexican war was not opposed, and the Territory became part of the United States without blood shed. Very soon thereafter came the “Taos rebellion,” a small but fierce up rising of Apaches ami Pueblos in the most northern of the Pueblo towns, and Manuel played an important part in sup pressing it. In a fearful hand-to-hand struggle, too, be saved the life of his commander—Captain Zeran St. Vrain, afterward owner of the 4,000,000-ncre St. Vrain grant in Colorado. A gigan tic Apache had his knife at the heart of the prostrate St. Vrain, when Don Man uel, shooting a foe who was almost upon him, wheeled and crushed the skull of St. Vrain’s assailant with the barrel of his ponderous rifle. In 1855 be led aregiment of volunteers on a six months' campaign against the Utcs,'making a brilliant record therein. In 1857 he accompanied General Lor- ing’s command in the war against Cuchil- lo Negro (Black Knife), the most re doubtable of all Apache warriors. He captured the savage chief with his own hand in a desperate night attack in a eloomv canyon where his scouts had found the camp of the hostilcs. General Loring was greatly elated by this cap ture, but the prisoner was murdered by the officer left to guard him—a turbu lent man who afterward met a violent death. In 1880, when a large band of Navajo; made one of their characteristic raids or the Rio Grande settlements and drove off 5000 sheep, Colonel Chaves pursued them with fourteen men. He overtook the hostiles at nightfall at Ojo de la Monica and routed them; but in the morning found his camp surrounded by several hundred Navajos. From dawn till dark of that desperate day tho fifteen heroes withstood the wild charges of the swarming savages, each fighting from behind his tree. One by one the brave New Mexicans sank back oa the rcu- soaked earth, bristling with arrows; an 1 at nightfall only two ol them were left— Colonel Chaves and Roman Sanches— both fearfully wounded. A company of soldiers from Fort Craig arrived just in time to save them. In that ghastly struggle Colonel Chaves had fired his clumsy muzzle-loader eighty times, and for every shot an Indian or a horse had fallen. He had two bullets left when the arrival of the troops ended the fight. That was the kind of war they had on the early frontier. In a dozen other Indian outbreaks, before and after those to which I have bo briefly alluded, Colonel Chaves dis tinguished himself by the same cool bravery, the same dauntless will and the same matchless skill as a marksman. When the Civil War broke out Colonel Chaves took command of the Second Regiment New Mexico Volunteers, and did brilliant service in this out of-the way corner of the Union. When Colonel Chaves returned to his lonely home at Ojuelos it was only to find that the Indians had despoiled him of everything—his horses and cattle, his 30,000 sheep, crops and ail—and left him penniless, a blow from which he never fully rallied his affairs, though his industry never left him in want. After New Mexico’* share in the war was over, there was still more than two decades of frequent Indian outbreaks within her broad borders, in most of which Colonel Chaves was a prominent figure. On one occasion his lambing camp at the Salada was “jumped” by a large force of raiding Apaches. The few shepherds were too badly frightened to fight much, and all would have been killed but for the coolness of Don Man uel. Posting each man behind a tree, with a promise that he himself would shoot the first who dared run—and they dreaded his matchless aim even more than they did the Indians—he took his ten-year-old boy by the hand and ran up the hill a few rods as a foint. The In dians, seeing his flight, dashed straight into tb: camp without their accustomed preliminary mauccuvrcs to see of what stuff their enemies might be made. As one grabbed up Colonel Chaves’s priceless Navajo blanket from beside the fir* he fell sprawling 'with an ounce bullet through his brain. Another snatched the blanket and Colonel Chaves called to one of his companions to shoot. But when he saw the poor fellow's hand trembling so that he could scarce hold his gun, the Colonel shouted, “Wait! Don’t shoot 1” He hurriedly rammed another charge Into i’'8 old muzzle- loader, and although by that tirao the Indian had got so far that he felt him self safe, the unerring bullet caught him as he ran and tore his neck nearly iu twain. By that time the shepherds had recovered their senses and gave the In dians such gallant resistance that the 1st ter soon withdrew, carrying away some valuable horses, but no scalps. Ah, what a rifle-shot the withered, wiry old man was, even when I knew him, in his old agel New Mexico has never had another such marksman as he was in his prime; and his six-foot muz zle-loading rifle of enormous calibre was never excelled by the finest modern arms that tried conclusion with it. In all his long life—in nearly fifty years of which not six months at a time were ever with out warfare—he never was known to miss but one shot. And never did he have to shoot twice at bear or deer, and seldom more than once at human foee. i shall never forget my mingled amuse ment and awe at an incident which oc curred when he was seventy-two years old and suffering fearfully from a cata ract in his eye. We were out with his grandson, Roilolfo Otero—a gallant lad and flue rifle-shot. Rodolfo had a fine Winchester with which he did some ex tremely clever shooting. “Try it, grand pa!" he kept urging the worn, old man, bent and wasted by disease. He had never trusted our modern magazine guns, but at last yielded to Rodolfo’s entreat ies. "Go, put me a mark on yon cedar,” he said, pointing to a gnarled tree a full 100 yards away. Rodolfo ran over, and —considerate of bis grandfather's age and condition—fastened to the tree a paper some six inches across. “Va!” cried the old man, calling him back. “What thinkest thou, hijito? That I am as the moles? Here, take thou this bullet aud make me a mark of it on that paper!” Rodolfo did so. My ejes are none the worst in the world, but I could uot even sec that lead-mark less than half an inch in diameter. Colonel Chaves raised the rifle in his withered hands, looked pain fully at the fluttering paper, threw the rifle to his shoulder and fired—all in the time in which one might count five. “Pues!” he said, as the smoke cleared, “now it sees itself better,” and he fired again, with the same rapidity. And when he walked to the mark the bullet was in tha spot Rodolfo had marked, and the second beside it so close that the flattened bits of lead touched! Little wonder that such a marksman, as cool in mortal danger as in sport, a born commander and a noble man, was tiie terror of the savages, and was loved and is mourned by those he helped tode fend.—Ht. Louis Republic. How Some Goods Are Sold. We were talking with a leading up town retailer a few days since whose an nual sales run up into the millions, and ameng other questions came up the one of “drives” or special bargains. “How is it,” we asked, “that you people can every now and then advertise and sell some line of garments or fabrics or ar ticles at prices which, on the face of them, show a heavy loss on the cost ol manufacture itself ?” The merchant smilingly replied: “With the enormous outlet which busi ness such as ours affords we are in posi tion to handle quantities which would stagger the average retailer. For in stance, two or three weeks ago we closed out for cash 2180 silk umbrellas, all the stock of one of the smaller manufacturers, who needed cash for the time being more than he did the umbrellas. The price, as you may readily understand, was a low one or we would not have closed the bargain. “The goods we placed in stock, matk- ing them in three different grades, viz., $2.50, $3.50 and $5. We advertised them in the daily press and in a few days sold over 1500 of this ‘special drive,’ every one of which was a bargain. “ ‘Now,’ we said, ‘we have made a handsome profit on those already sold. We will create a little excitement on the balance and stand a losa ourselves.’ So we advertised 500 silk umbrellas at $1 each. Every one of those we put in this special sale was worth from $2.50 to $5 at retail. “The morning the sale took place ths people flocked in as soon as the doors were opened, and in one hour and twenty minutes the last umbrella was disposed of. We sold one umbrella only to each individual purchaser at this low figure, and consequently placed this bargain with upward of 500 different persons. “The actual loss to us on this sale was several hundred dollars, but on the whole lot of 2180 umbrellas we averaged a very handsome profit, besides making our selves talked about and bringing 500 special customers into the store who, it is safe to say, bought more or less in the other departments of the house at a profit.”—Dry Goods Chronicle. The Hercules Beetle. The biggest insect of its kind in the world is the herculea beetle of South America, which grows to be six inches in length. It is said, whether truthfully ar uot, that great numbers of these crea tures are sometimes seen on the mammna tree, rasping the rind trom the slender branches by working around them with their horns until they cauie the juice to How. This juice they drink to intoxica tion, and thus fall senseless to the ground.—Chicago Herald. Sixteen million* of dollars were lent from the United States to pay for beet ,ugar bought in Germany during the ytu puding June 30, 189'' METHODS AND FOIBLES OF A GREAT FRENCH ARTIST. The Fabulous Sums He Received lor His Masterpieces—Curious Reminiscences of the Ec centric Painter. Meissonier, the great French artist who died in Paris recently, spent money with both hands. Ho built himself on the Malesherbes place in Paris a bouse that was a wonder of taste. He kept a country seat in the grand styla of the milliouaire aristocrat. He bought every thing he wished right aud left without once, stopping to calculate his immediate income. His ability to be thus reckless with impunity was due to his unparal leled success in making his high art a financial success. Few if any other modern painters have persistently de manded and received such great material lecognition of their work. The prices paid repeatedly for his tiny canvases have been fabulously high. A Frenchman has calculated since his death that none ol his well known works is to be bad fot much less than $300 a square inch. At the Secretan sale seven Itttle genre pictures by Meissonier went for $101,000- "Le Vin du Cure,” on wood, four and one-one half inches high by six inches wide, done in 1860, brought $16,000; “Le Peintre et 1’Amateur.” on wood, nine by four inches, 1859, $12,500; “Joune Homme Ecrivant Une Lettre,” on wood, nine by seven inches, 1882. $13,000; “Joueurs dc Routes aus Ver sailles,” on wood, five and one-half by eight, 1847, $14,200; “Joueurs de Bottles a Antibes,” on wood, five by seven inches, 1869, $12,000; “Liseui en Costume Rose,” on wood, eight by six inches, 1854, $13,200; “Le Coup de 1’Etrior,” on wood, nine by five inches, date unknown, $16,000. Meissonier was never to be shaken in his demands for enormous prices. Often, after finishing a picture, he doubled the estimate he had made of its value before beginning it. Emperor Napoleon III, originally appropriated $20,000 for the picture “Napoleon III. at Solferino.” After completing the work on it Meis- ■ovenier ga him tho alternative between payimr $40,000 and letting hU m^et famous portrait fall into strange bands. Richard Wallace agreed to give the painter $30,000 for putting on canvas “Napoleon in the Battle at Friedland.” Meissonier did the picture, and refused to let it go for less than $60,000. When Wallace demurred, Meissonier coolly sold the painting at bis price to an American who did not haggle. Meissonier's masterpiece, "1814,” is known as the most expensive painting in the world. It is twenty inches high by thirty inches wide, and was last sold for $170,000. It represents Napoleon I. and his great general staff riding back from the scene of their defeat. It came to be painted in this wise: In 1870 M. Delbante, a rich business man with a taste for art, found Meissonier at work in his studio on one of bis microscopic canvases. “What does it represent?” he asked. “A military subject, to which I will give the title ‘1814.’ ” “Your subject is very great and your canvas is very small, M. Meissonier,” Bald Delbante. Why do you not paint a larger picture?” “I have laid it in small for two reasons—first, because that is my style ol painting; second, because, to speak openly, I need money. I work slowly, and am able to finish a little picture much sooner than a large one.’’ “So you need money. Well, paint my portrait. What will it cost?” “Five thousand dollars.” Delbante drew out his purse and laid Hie money on the table. “Now, I wish also for myself the picture *1814,’” be continued, “but on the condition that you do it on a larger canvas." Some time later, when the portrait was completed, Meissonier showed hi; patron the outlines of a new “1814,’ with the question: “Is that large enough for you?” “Just right. What will it cost?" “Fourteen thousand dollars.” “All right; there is half the price.” The picture was painted, paid for, and delivered, and iu 1864 was exhibited in the Salon. An Englishman offered $60,- 000 for it, but Delbante held back. Vanderbilt increased the offer to $80,- 000, yet failed to secure the picture. Finally M. Digue, a connoisseur, got it for $100,000, and, after keeping it in his possession lor ono day, made th< famous sale of it to M. Chauchard foi $150,000. This was the first time« great painter had seen with his own eyes such s triumph of his art. Those wht have approached most closely his succest were Munknczy, with his “Christ before Pilate,” which Bold for $100,000; Millet, with his “Angelas." for which $120,000 was paid, and Murillo, with his “Ascen sion,” $130,000. In the work behind his great artistic and fiuaucial success Meissonier followed closely the suggestion of the German proverb, “Kein Preis ohne Fleiss.” An experience of Menzel and Pletsch in his studio in 1867 illustrates the infinite painstaking with which all his great pic tures were pointed. “1807,” or the "Cuirassiers of Friedland" was unfin- iahed on his easel. In renonse to a com ment from one of his visitors Meiseionet explained the nature of the work he had done in order to be able to do it. “The way of the cuiras siers to tne enemy,'' he said, “lay over a field of grain, still colored with the tints of June green. Infantry had already marched over the field and had trodden down the blades. To get this effect perfect before my eyes I had a field near my house in the country planted to rye in the fall. In the following May, when the blades had taken on about the size and the color which would be character istic of a grain field in East Prussia on lune 14, the day of the battle, I had a troop of infantry, placed at my disposal by the commander of a neighboring garrison, march over it diagonally. After the field had been thus ptepared, I made four large and minutely exact studies of nature from it. These studies I utilized in the picture before you. I also made use of a company of cuirassiers from the Poissy post for the purpose of studying the effects produced by their movement. Day after day they stormed by my house in the wildest haste, swinging their swords and shouting, ‘Vive I’Empereur. ’ ” Thus, without the aid of instantaneous photography, now rc indispensable to the painter ot such scenes, Meissoniei was enabled to study and represent the men and horses in the mad movement! of the full charge. Meissonier, the Great, was of dwarfish stature. He had a large, powerful, bony bead, with a wide forehead and bushy eyebrows. Down over his breast flowed a long white beard, the pride of his heart. He imagined that it helped him look larger and statelier than he was. This idea was a drop of comfort in his cup of mourning over his dwarfishuess. It £ave him a little consolation in his everlasting regret that he was not a man of martial figure, for, with all his phe nomenal successes, Meissonier dreamed half of his days of the impossible ambi tion to be big. To make himself look more manly and robust he frequently en cased his diminutive legs in huge cavalry boots. He prinked daily before the mirrot, and was never weary of compar ing himself with ether small men to show that he was really not so very little. To the end he confided in his friends the pangs he ever suffered on account of his under size. Occasionally, but only oc casionally, did Meissonior find the de sired consolation ne sought from Ins ac quaintances. One afternoon, ns the Sculptor Dubois entered his studio, Meissonier exclaimed joyfully: “What do you think 1 The corn doc tor was just here, and what do you sup pose he says? A six-foot grenadier can not get any bigger corns than mine.”— New Torh Sun. The Human Stature. Doctor Oscar Lenz, the African ex plorer, Professor of Geography at the University of Prague, Bohemia, in a treatise on the African pigmies, makes the following observations on average human stature: “As to the average height attained by these people, there is much discrepancy in the notes furnished by those who have seen them. Perhaps the best estimate hitherto given is that of old Herodotus, who says of them that they are below ‘the medium height.’ From personal observation I am led to infer that the size of these pigmies aver age between four feet three inches and lour feet eight inches for a full-grown man, and between three feet three inches and four feet one inch for the woman. This certainly constitutes a race of smaller stature than that to be found in most other countries, but the term ‘dwarf’ applied to them appears incor rect. Ethnology furnishes examples of many a tribe and nation whose stature does not exceed that which is here attri buted to the so-called pigmies. This will be made clear by comparing the figures just given with the following list furn ished by anthropological research: Feet. Inches Germans, Patagonians, Kaffirs, Polynesians 5 10 Don Cossacks 5 8 Englishmen 5 6 Austrians, Northern French- men, Africans 5 6 Bavarians 5 * l 4 Southern Frenchmen, Chinese.. 5 *4 Australians 5 3H Natives of Amboyua and Ti- 5 Malar* 5 Akka (Tikki-Tikki) 4 n Lapps 4 OH Abongos, Bushmen, Esquimaux 4 8 It will be seen that the inhabitants of the Arctic circle are much of the same size as some of the tribes in tropical Africa.—Picayune. Raising Foreals. Tho ministry of imperial property ol the Czar of Russia are making efforts to plant forests in the governments of Ehatarlnoslav,Kherson, Tambov, Samara and Toola. Last year over four thou sand dessyatins (about twelve thousand acres) of steppo were converted intt forests. This year the work will con tinue in the governments mentioned and be extended also to the steppes ol Poltava, Podol, Orlov aud other places. —Chicago Retfi. A citizen of St. Louis makes a good living by renting turtles to restauranti for advertising purpose*. He gets $2 per day for each, and they are always in demand. They are left outside the door the day before turtle soup 1* served, and create a run the next day for the soup, but they are not iu it, FARM ANB HOUSEHOLD. WHEB IS A HEN TOO FAT? _ A hen is too fat when she is apparently too heavy behind, when she is lazy and cares nothing for work, seeking only to have the owner feed her. She cannot easily fly, soon becomes tired from exer tion when chased, does not lay, though in good health, and is very heavy when held in the hands. We do not state that any one of the above causes indicate a fat hen, but to observe her in all ol them. Of course, the surest method is to lift her and the weight will be there. Examination of the rear of the body will also show the fat under the skin by its color. As to what should be the character and quantity of the food required to keep them in a healthy condition, can not be correctly stated, as no two hens are alike. Leghorns and Brahmas (or other large breeds) should not be kept together. If hens are in good condition, the best food is chopped clover hay (chopped half an inch in length and scalded), all they will eat in the ramm ing, a tablespoonful of ground meat mixed with mashed potatoes; aud scatter wheat for them to pick up before going to roost.—Farm and Fireside. BOYS ON THE FARM. The decadence of farming of late years is largely due to the undeniable fact that city life has offered greater attractions ns well as greater profits to the young. While it is true that farming does not now require so severe and unremitting toil as formerly, can it be said that young people on the farm have been en couraged to find their pleasures and re laxation at home? This is the only way to make farm life attractive to the aver age young man. If on each holiday he goes to the city,it will naturally soon seem to him that city life is all a holiday while life on the farm is one of unceasing drudgery. It often happens that city boys kept at work in stores, and only allowed to go into the country for vaca tion, see only the holiday side of farm life, and acquire a love for it that those brought up on the farm too often do not share. Why do not farmers take a hint from these facts, and make as much holi day as possible for their sons at home? It is time that the old rule, which made the boy hoe his row aud run for water, wnite tne men resteu, was superseded by a practice which would give boys the easiest tasks, and the little investments that gave largest profits, as the best means to interest them in farming and make this the occupation of their lives. —Boston Cultivator. SMALL FRUIT CULTURE. For leaders who propose a spring planting of stravbeiries or other small fruits,a few points selected from a paper read at a meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society by M. P. M. Au gur, Pomologist of the Board of Agri culture of the State of Connecticut, will be both seasonable and useful. Fot spring planting, for fruit aldne, it is rec ommended tc set the strawberry in rows three feet apart and one and a half feet in the row, allowing each spring plant to throw one strong runner on each side, rooting a single plant opposite the inter vening spaces so that each trio will rep resent the angles of a triangle. Foi July planting, set in rows two feet apart and one and a half in the row, just after a rain, when each plant can be taken up with a mat of earth adhering. Tho Wilson was once every man’s ben/; the crescent was called the lazy man’s berry, and the Haviland is much after the style of the crescent. All are lather too small to be satisfactory. Then are now too many good varieties offered to allow of detail in their description. As a rule, the pistillate varieties have been the most productive when properly matched with suitable bi sexuals. Thus three or four rows of the Jewell, with the Sharpless on one side and the Bel mont on the other, are considered well matched. Likewise the Jersey Queen, with the Cumberland on the one side and the Charles Downing on the other, have produced immensely. With the raspberry and the blackberry, as with the strawberry, tho tendency is to overcrowd. Plant raspberries six feet by six feet apart; blackberries, eight feet by six feet. When the cane* reach three and a half feet, nip out the tips, which will give strong laterals, and when these reach one and a half feet clip them. Few are aware of the possibilities ol these plants when well treated. FARM AND GARDEN NOTE*. There is more profit, in the long run, In cultivating one acre than in skimming ten. Wheat bran wet with hot water makes a good summer breakfast. It is not necessary to coddle or pamper fowls to make them grow. Roasting cotton seed is said to greatly improve its feeding quality. To keep fowls in a dirty, lll-vcntilntod hennery is a foul proceeding. Twenty-four hours after hatching is soon enough to begin feeding. The fowls will not thrive if they arc forced to stand in mud all day. Keep your stables warm, dry aud clean, aud provide plenty of good bed ding. One pound of cheese contains more nutritive elements than two pounds of beef. Owing to it* fertilizing Tfllue clover should never be sold for less than 11$ per ton. I rim your fruit tree* so as to give a free, open top, no two limbs touching or crossing each other. Change the water lor fowl* at l*ut once a day, and place the water-vessels of whatever kind in the shade to keep as cool ns possible. With poultry,as with everything else on the farm, there is always an opportunity to sell nt good prices fowls or eggs that arc of little better quality than others arc offering. Game, Ifoudnn, Leghorn, Hamburg, Andalusian, and Black Spanish are th varieties of chickens that require high fences in order to control them. They are all high flyers. HOUSEHOLD HINTS. Honey should be kept in the dark or it will granulate. The bees, knowing this, work in the dark. A spoonful of oxgall to the gallon of water will set the colors of almost any goods soaked in it before washing. A excellent snuff relief for catarrh is equal parts of gum arabic, gum myrrh and blood root pulverized. To extinguish kerosene flames, if no cloth is at hand, throw flour on the Haines. Flour rapidly absorbs the fluid and deadens the flames. If, when corking any kind of dried fruit, boiling water is poured on and let the fruit simmer, it will be much nicer than to use cold water. Put camphor gum with your new silverware and it will never tarnish as long as the gum is there. Never wash silver iu soapsuds, as that gives it a white appearance. Coral Animals Tamed. “I know that coral animals can bo tamed, for 1 have had considerable ex perience with them,” said George Ban croft, of Tallahassee. Mr. Bancroft has spent several yean of his life among the coral reefs off the coast of Florida and Key West, and has made a study of the work of the little coral animal. The traveler has a fine collection of coral with him, and about each piece has something interesting to relate. - - 1 -1-• — i . ,i . ,» >* r ( , ever, who ever tamed the polyps,” con tinued Mr. Bancroft, as ha took a fine specimen from his pocket. “That piece 1 found on a reef in Florida, and as I was auxbus to notice how fast the coral grows 1 placed it in the water where I could visit it every week and note the change. I had no idea the coral animal would become used to my coming, but one day after about the tenth visit I noticed the polyps darting into their cells. After several more visits some of the little fellows became so bold as to remain on the outside, and finally they became so well acquainted with me they would remain in sight. I have stood by the side of that four-inch-square speci men for hours examining the thousands of animals on it. “Scientific men claim that the coral grows slowly, uot more than an inch in 100 years, but I have proved that the scientific people don't know what they are talking about, for the niece contain ing my coral pets in six months grew nt least an inch. It is rather hard to de scribe how the animal works. The little fellow is a mere sack containing a stomach. It is a compound animal, and increases by gemmation, young polyps springing from the original polyp, sometimes indifferently from any part of its surface. The upper surface is decked out with tentacles aud the body is separated by a number of partitions that extend Irom the stomach to the outer skin. Bel ween these walls of flesh the carbonate of lime is deposited and in that way the coral grows.” Mr. Bancroft has many specimens ol coral with him. One kind he calls the pepper coral. When touched with the tongue it will cause tears to run from the eyes of the owner of the tongue. It is worse than red pepper. The coral, tha traveler says, is not sought for as it was years ago. “Coin! ornaments arc not popular at present, 'said Mr. Bancroft,” and until there is a craze for them the trade will not be extensive.”—Chicago Tribune. American Tea. Mr. Gill, nu expert on tea. sho»-s rrom eareful calculations made in China, India and Ceylon, that teas are produced and made ready for use nt nu average cost of from 5^ to 4J cents a pound. China, he tells us, which formerly enjoyed a mon opoly of the trade, now produces less than half of the tea used in Europe and America, and he maintains with great show of reason, that tea may be giown in large areas of the Southern States as successfully and profitably a* anywhere else in the world. A rich, sandy loam of good depth and drainage, and a moist climate, ate the two essential requisites, and the tree or bush will stand a con siderable degree of cold.—Nets Orleans Picayune. Bradslreet’s state* that there are in New England half a hundred stock farms, where twenty year* ago there were prac tically none, and in California the breed ing of fast horse* has become almost a craze