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111 bIEk eTreville & Howard ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW OrangcbnrK ?. H., S. C. Will practice in the various Courts ?? the State* 3. DeTreville, Jatnes S- lleyward -June3 tf. w. 6. treadwellT DENTIST "Will attend to patients at their residents cither in Town or Country. Address through Post Office or call on me at resi dent Concr R?ssel and Treadwcl* Streets, rompt attention will be given at satis* ction guaranteed. W. B. TREADWELL. ov 3 ly owlton & Wannamaker, ATTORNEYS AND ' /COUNSELLORS AT LAW, Orangeburg ?. II., S. CJ. Aog. B. Knowlton, P. M. Wannatnaker, Orangeburg C. II. St. Matthews, may 5 1877 tf HORSESHOEING^ AND blacksmith work BY THOM AS R A Y, (Russell St Opposite Hurley's Corner.) All manner of Smith work and Horse shoeing properly dune. Fancy Scroll work. Hailing (or Grave Lot.-. A trial solicited. THOMAS RAY: pept 1 tf. % cowpe rth w ait, FURNITURES WARE ROOMS, 205 KINO STREET, est sitlr, Four Doors above Wentworili, CHARLESTON, K. C. ARGE STOCK <l- LOW PRICES. ltt> v iiiirgo*for Packing and Shipping, sept 15 1S77 (im GIN r, GEARING, Ihaittng and bolts CHEAPER THAN EVEH BEFORE AT THE lESr CITY FOUNDRY AND IACHINE WORKS, fJEO. R. LOMBARD & CO., AUGUSTA, GA. UNE8, COTTON SCREWS, MILL GEARING Machinery off Kinds Made and Re paired. \t 27 1250] 52 fSTABLlSHED IN 1874. GEO. B. EDWARDS, Cotton and General Commis sion Merehant, Charleston, S. *?. Prompt attention given to sale of Cotton, Peas, Corn, Rice and Produce of all kinds. Merchandize bought free of four mission. Agent at Charleston for State Line Ccean ??Stcamshins between New York, tilasgow, Liverpool, London and all parts of Europe. References?Bank of Charleston. Jas. Adger & Co., Charleston, S. C. sept Ini MTJSIO FOR ALL. ( Prof. ANTON BERG ?fters to instruct n the Piano on the most reasonable terms. Nine Lessons for $2.50. The greatest care will he taken to give satisfaction. Ladies who wish a finishing touch to their MuHtcal Education have an opportunity to go through a course of Ber and Cromer's, Etrudes, Moztird nnd ethoven's Senates. ANTON BERG, Graduate from the Conservatory of Stockholm, sept 8 tf TAKE NOTICE. . The undersigned respectfully informs the Citizens of the Town and County that he is prepared todo up ami make Mattruwes on the shortest notice. Also will conduct an Upholstery business. Prices will be as low as possible. Orders solicited. JOHN ORGEN. tf rout sold Low Down A. FISCHER. Application of Commercial Ferti lizers. BY COLONEL THOMAS 1AYLOR. The success of the farmer has been the result of experiment, and not of knowledge; and so long as we work in the dark no specilied result can be certain. It is sell-evident that all land must be ploughed, but how it should be ploughed depends upon the character of the soil. Sandy soil should be ploughed shallow iirst; it may be subsoiied to any depth, and the ploughing may be deepened each I year without injury to the land or crop. Clay and bottom land can be ploughed deeper, following with the subsoil, and increasing the depth in ploughing yearly. All land should be ploughed in the full und winter, and get the benefit of frost nnu ice; laud fcCts a gl eat deal of fructifying power from ice mid frost. We now have exhausted hind, improved imple ments which enable US to prepare the land thoroughly for the seed We need something more. We get that in the commercial manures, which supply to sliG plant those chemical properties which have been exhausted by long culture and injudicious management. We now have land anil implements, but we need something to make the land productive to a sufficient degree to pay the producer. We find under lying some of the land and waters in the lower part cf the Slate a phos phutic deposit, which, upon being ground and rendered soluble, forms the basis of a mauure, which supples to laud those properties which have been exhausted. These mixtures, known as commercial niunures;-ha.ve become generally used, and have evan, with our experimental applications, paid the producer in some i^ytunccs t ills vnst ""?bOirVce* oYTyWfni to liTcT ?Mute and farmer seems to be Provi dential, and as the means by which we will be enabled to recover our losses in a great measure. If the fanners hud known how to make pro per use of this discovery, their lands would have improved yearly, instead of failing, after repeated applications of fertilizers. It. is almost the uni versal system of the farmer to apply the cotton seed, with its increase by the use of commercial manure, to some other exhausted land, instead of reiurniug the sametothelandth.it made it. Thereby they rentier the bin?! less productive each year, after the fist or second application This ?system will not build up our exhaust ed lands, but have the reverse etf.-et The rotation of crops in some degree removes thedifllculty, but even that will not eilcct it entirely. You must return all the increased production of mi acre of laud, which is used as man ure, to the .-ame land, ami not attainpt to build up two pieces of bin 1 with the production of one- No land can stand such depletion and pay th ? pro ducer. The best evidence of the fer tility of our lands is that they have been able to stand such a system of culture and produce anything. I have traveled over some of the best farming lands in the Northwest, the New England and Middle States. The same system would and did, for a time, render these lands very poor. The owners, however, saw the error of their culture, and adopted asystom of rotation?planting apiece of land once in three years, sowing grass and liming. What was the result ? Their lands increased in yield steadily until they surpassed their virgin state. The samo thing can be done here, with equal success, by a rotation of crops ?Sowing peas and clover and turniug in the same. Do not tako these from the land because they look so fine and you are short of rough food for your mules and cattle. Tho natural fertility of our lauds cannot bo dis puted. No Stato has more natural advantages than South Carolina. Wo can grow all the crops that are grown on the continent, from the olive and banana down to the most substantial needs of a people. Where can wo GOO poundj? of seed cotton without the aid of fertilizers will certainly pro duce from one-third to one-half more by their use. It may double the yield. That, however, would bo too large an estimate as n general rule. I hav e had, with the application of 200 p?7Tnids of tVeilic g(Titiir.,Mtr ih'ci i.vmrT1 a yield of1,200 and 1 500 pounds per acre of seed cotton, which did no t yield mote than 500 to 000 pound without it; 1 have u!so had theaam result from the Etiwan, both bi ating Peruvian guano. This land, however seemed particularly adapted to tl application of fertilizers, and the cr has never fallen back in the past f. years. These lands were clearec' the Indian, before the white mar o tied the country. Jl The manner and mode r>f app' tJ fertilizers is very uniform; it ist u in a deep furrow and the dirt h \n upon it?the cotton being pi ''*'" upon the top of the b d. S<>iri 1 e. a second application in made j(J the cotton is tinned to a sta a' running a furrow ohne to the c it sowing the fertilizer and thra be furrow upon it. This second tv . 1 . w lion gives a new impetus to the n and goes far to perfecting its U there is en .ugh vitality in t'i co to give suhstctiance to the plan long a time. There is ver visible in the month of Augus the cotton plant what is call? pi by many larmera. The leaves at and drop oil* and the plant d 111 say it is not rust in most cos j proceeds from the soil being i - to supply food any longer, the I f0 zer having exhausted all th3 vi that was in the land for thai 11 The cotton attained a good siz< j1 well fruited, all opened and [ early in September. It may b o by some that preching and pi W are two dillerent. things. I adtni '( you may preach always, but I wc practice we cannot expect to the land of poverty. The longo! land is without medicine and foo the plant, the more difficult W the task of building it up. The no time like the present to begin v the remedy, tli a i Manure is wasted by exposure washing rains, or by being trampk by stock iu wet yards. It may eas' lose three fourths of its value in tl way. Indolcnoo is tho rust of tho mi ami tho inlet of every vice,