An Independent Paper Devoted to the Interests o( tlie People. '7**?*?r;<>
VOLUME HI.
ORANGEB??G, SQUTH "CAROLINA, THURSDAY, JANUARY 28, ]875.
NUMfiftfi^dU
LOUISIANA AFFAIRS.
Special Message of the President to
Congress.
Ti^^iv Senttto of the United Stairs:
I havo tho honor to miiko tho following ?u
Hwor to a Honato roeolutiou ?f tho 8th uiBt.,
asking for in formation rh to any interference
by any military ofllcor on tho part of tho army
of tlio United States with Mm organization or
proceedings of tho gonoral assembly of tho
utato of Louisiana, or oithcr hrauoh thoroof;
iind also inquiring in regard to tkfc existence
of armed organizations in that se^Hron, hostile,
to tho government, thoroof, and intent of over
turning' such govonJtnont-by force. To say
that lawlessness, tnrbulonco and bloodshed
havo characterize;! tho political affairs of that
Ht a to einco it a organization undor tho rooon
Btmction acts, is only to ropeat what has be
come woll known aB part of its unhappy his
tory, Brit it may bo proper horo to rotor to
tho election of 18G8, by which tho republican
voto of tho ft at o, through fraud and violence
was roduecd to a few thousand, and tho bloddy
riots of-l?Go* and-18G8, to show that, tho dhtr
ord?re thoro aro not duo to any recent cause,
or to any lato action of tho federal authoritic?.
Preparatory to tho elect ion of 1872, a Bhamo
ful and undisguised conspiracy was fonnod to
carry thai election against tho ropublicauB,
without regard to law or right, and to that ond
tho most glaring frauds and forgery woro com
mitted in return, after many colored citizens
had boon denied registration, and others do
torrcd by fear from CHHling thoir ballots, whoa
tho timo came, for a llnal comparison of tho
votes. In view of 'foregoing faotB, Wm. V.
Kellogg, tho republican candidate for gov
ernor, brought suit upon tbo equity tsido oftho
United States circuit court for Louisiana,
against Warmoth and othors, who had ob
tained pO8803sion Of tho return I of tho elec
tion, representing that sovoral thousand voters
of tho ft ate had boon deprived of tho elective
franchiso on account of their color, and pray
ing that etops might bo takon to havo thoir
votos counted, and for gonoral relief, To on
ablo tho court to inquire into tho truth of
thoBO allegations, iv temporary restraining
nrdor wan issued against tho defendant, which
was at onco wholly disregarded and treat ed
with contempt by thoeo to whom it was di
rected. These proceedings havo boon widely
denounced as an unwarrantable, interfer
ence, by tlio federal judioiaiy with tho elec
tion of stato oiViccrs. lint it ia to bo re
membered that by tlio tUtconth amendment
to tho constitution of tho United States, tho
political equality of colored citizons is so
curod; ami under tho t-ccond section of that
amendment providing that congress shall havo
pow, r to ontorco its provisions by appropriate
legislation, an act was pasHod on tho loth of
May, 1870, and amended in 1871, tho objoct of
whiuhr.iYaa to provont the denial or abiidg
meut of suffrage to citizens on account uf
raco, color, or provions condition of uorvitudo;
aud hitB boon held by all tho fodoral judges
bofore whom tho matter has arisen, including
Judge Strong, of tho supremo court, that tho
protection afforded by thiu anicndniont and
theso acts, oxtoud to str-to as well nu other
ctucy-utvcur
courts to enforco tho provisions of tbo consti
tution of tho United Statos and tho lawspasaod
in pursuance thorcof. This is too clear for
controversy. Soction 15 of said act, after itu
morotiB provisions therein to punish un* inva
sion of tbo fifteenth amendment. prOvidlH
that tho jurisdiction of tho circuit courts of
tho United States shall oxfend to all cases in
law or oquity arising undor tlio provisions of
said act and or tho act amendatory thereof
Congress seems to havo contemplated equit
able SB well as legal proceedings to provont
tho denial of stiff rago to colored citizons, and
it may bo safely asserted that if Kollogg's bill
in tho above named caso doos not present a
caso for tho ctpmablo interposition of tho
court, that no such caso can ariso undor tho
act. That the conns of tho United States
havo tho right to intorforo in various ways
with ft ate elections, ho as to maintain political
equality and rights therein, irrespective of
raco or color, is comparatively now, and to
some soonis to bo & startling idda, but it re
sults cloarly from tho fifteenth amendment
of tho constitution, and tbo nets that havo
been passed to enforce that amendment, us
tho abrogation of etat n laws upholding slavery
result s to tho thirteenth amendment to tho
Constitution. While tho jurisdiction of tho
court in tho caso of Kollogg vs. Warmoth and
othord is clear to my mind, it scorns that some
of tho ordors made by tho judge in that, and
in tho kindred ea-o of Antoino, woro illegal,
but whtie they aro so hold and considered, it is
pot to bo forgotten that, tho mandate of his
court has boon contemptuously defied, and
thoy woro raado wh?o wild scones of anarchy
woro sweeping away all restraint of law autt
order. Doubtless, tho judge of this court
mode grave mistakes, but tho law allows tho
chancellor great latitude, not only in punish
ing thoso who condemn his orders and injunc
tions, but in preventing tho consummation of
tho wrong which ho has judicially forbiddon.
Whatever may bo Baid or thogiiht of thoeo
mattet s, it was only made known to mo that
tho process of tho'Unitod States court was ro
sistcd, and as said acts specially provido for
tho ttso of llio a: my and ru>vy when nocossary
to force, judicial process arising therein .der. I
considered it my duty to soo that such process
was ozecuted according to tho judgment of
tho court, lev tilting from thOsO proceedings,
through various controversies and complica
tions, a stato administration wan organized,
with Wm, P. Kellogg an govonuir, which, in
llio discharge of my duty undor soction -1,
article 1 of i he constitution, 1 have recognized
as llio government of the stato. I. hns boon
bittoiiy and persistently alleged that Kollogg
was not oloeted. Whether he was or no*, is
not altogether certain, nor is it any more cor
tain that hid competitor (McKnory) was
chosen. Tho election wan a gigantic fraud,
and thoro are no reliable returns of Pit result.
Kellogg obtained possession of tho oflico, and,
ill uiy opinion} has more right to it than his
competitor. On the 20lli of February, 187.'!,
tho committee on privileges and elections of
tbo sen to made it report, in which tboy say
that thoy aro satisfied by tho testimony that
the manipulation of the machinery by War
moth and others was equivalent to twenty
thousand voters, and thoy add that to recog
nize tho McEjlory government would bo to
rocoguizo a government based upon fraud, in
doiiauco of tho wishes mid intention of tbo
voters of tho fclato. Assuming tho correct
now of tho statements in Ibis report?and
thoy Hcom to havo been gouorally accepted by
tho count! y?tho great crime in Louisiana,
about which so much has boon done and said,
is that one is holding the Oflico of governor
who was cheated out of 20,000 votes, against
another whose title to the office is untIoiti>te<Hy
based on fraud and in defiance of tho wishes
and intentions of the voters of (ho slate.
Misinformed and misjudging as to tho nature
and extent of ihi-< report, the supporlors of
MoEnory pr corded to displace hv force in
some parts of the state tho appoinloeH of Gov
ernor Kellogg; and on llio lath of April, in
an effort of that kind, a butchery of citizens
was committed in Colfax. which, in blood
thirsliuoss and barbarity, is hardly surpassed
by any acts of savage warfare. To put the
mattor boyon I controversy, I tpinto from the
chargo of Judge Woods, of tho United States
circuit court, if) the Jury In tho caso of tho
United Btatcs vr. Grni kaliank ami othois, in
No.v Orleans, iii .March, IH7I. IIa said: "In
the osho on trial thoro are many facts not in
thocontrovoiry. 1 proceed to state somo of
them in tbo prCBOuCO and hearing of counsel
oil both sides, and, if I stato us it COnoodod
fact any matlor that la disputed, they can cor
rect mo." After stating tho origin of the dif
ficulty, wbioh (.-row out of auattompt of wbito
persons to tlrivo tho pariah jlldltO nud allOl in',
nppointooa of Kellogg, from ofllco, ami their'
attomptod protection bycolorodpersons, which
led to seme fighting, in which quite a number
of nogroca woro killed, tho juogo etatCB that
moat of tlioBO who woro killed woro takou
prisoners. Fifteen or sixteen of. tho blacks
had lifted tho boards and takon rofngo under
tho Iloor of tho court house. They woro all
captured. About thirty-sovou men woro takon
pri-onem; tho nunibor ia not" doflnitoly fixed.
Thoy woro Itopt under guard until dark, wbou
they woro lod out two by two and shot,, Mo -1
of tho mm woro idiot to death; ,4k\ few woro
wounded, not mortally, and by protending to
bo doad, woro afterwards, during tho night,
ablo to niako thoir escape Among them was
tbo Lovl Nelson named In the indictment.
Tho dead bodioa of tbo negroes hilled in this
affair \voro loft uuburlod till Tuesday, April
15, whon they woro buried by a deputy m ir
Bhallandau officer of tbo militia Irorr Now
Orleans. These persons found fifty-nine dea 1
bediod. Thoy showed pistol shot wotiads, tho
great majority in tho heart, and Homo of thorn
in tbo bock of tbo head. In addition to tbo
dead found, sumo charred remains of doad
bodiea woro discovered near tho court Imune.
Six doad bodioa woro found under a war el ion-c.
all shot in the heart but ouo or two, who woro
ahot in tho breast. Tho ouly wbito men in
jured from tho beginning of theno troubles to,
their oloeo,' woro Hudnol and Harris. Tho
court hoiiflO and its contents woro entirely con
sumed. There ia no evidence that any one in
tho crowd of Whites boro any lawful warrant for
tho arrest of any blacks. Tboro is no evi
dence that Mash or Cozabol after tbo affair
over demanded tho office to which thoy had
sot up a claim. But Rogiatcr cuuiinued to act
na pariah judge. Thoao aro tbo. facta in thin
case, an I understand them to bo admitted.
To hold the people of Louisiana in general re
sponsible for these atrociticu would not'be
fair. But it ia a lament able fact that insuiTer
nblo obatr?ctiona wero thrown in tho way of
punishing these murderers, and tho so-ca'lled
conservative papers of tho state not only
justiUod tho massacre, but denounced as fed
eral tyranny and despotism tho attempt of tbo
United States officers to bring tbom to' just ice.
Fioreo denunciations ring through tho country
about officers interfering in said election m it
tels in Louisiana, while every one of tbo
Colfax miscreants goes unwhipped of justice,
mid no way can bo found in this boasted land
of civilization and Christianity to punish tbo
porporpotratora of thia bloody and monstrous
crimo.
Not unlike this was tbo massacre in August
last. Nowral northern young men of oupital
and culorpriao had started tho little and
Uouriahiog town of Coufdiatta. Somo of them
woro rcpiiL'i'trma and offico-huldoru under Kol
logg. Thoy woro, thoreforo. doomed to death.
Six Of thorn wero seized and carried away from
'their homos and murdered iu cold blood* Not
ono baa boon puifiahod, aud tho conservative
press of tho state denounced all efforts to
that end, und boldly justifies tho crimo.
Many mnrdore of a lifco character havo been
committed in individual cases, which cannot
here be drtr.iicd. For example, T. S^jCra^ord^
of tho twelfth* judicial district of the atato, oil
then- way to court, woro ahot from their horses
by men in ambush ou tho 8th of October,
1873, aud tho wifo of tbo former, in a com
munication to tho dopattmont of justice, tolls
n, pitiful talo of tho persecution of her hus
band because ho was a union man, aud of tho
efforts made t.oaoizo those who had committed
a crime which, to UBO her language, loft two
widows and nino orphans destitute. To aay
that tho murder of a negro or a wbito repub
lican ia not coiisidorcd ;.. ctime in Louisiana,
would probably bo unjust to a groat part of
tho people, but it is trtto that a groat number
of auch inuniera havo been commit tod. and
no ouo hau boon punished thorofor, and mani
festly tho apiiit* of hatred and violonco is
?trongor than tho la?v.
ltopreaontationa woro madu to me that tho
picaonco oi troops in Louisiana waa unnocoa
aary, and that thuro was no danger of public
disturbances if thoy woro taken away. Con
sequently, early laut atuunior tho troops woro
withdrawn from tho state, with tho except ion
of a arnall garrison at Now Orloana barracks.
It waa alatod that a comparative alato of qaiot
had auporvoncd, aud that political excitement
as to Louisiana affsira aocnied to ho dying
out, but tho November qleetion wan approaoh
ing, and it waa necossary for party purpOHOa
that tho llatue ahould bo rolighted. Accord
ingly oh iho nth of Boplombor 1). B. Pomi,
claiming that ho whs elected lioiitonanl-gov
oruorin 1S72, ia-nod an inllaniinatory procla
mation calling upon tho militia of the stato to
arm, asaoinble, and to drive out (ho usurpers,
a-i ho designated tho oilioer j of tho state. Tho
wbito leagues, armed and ready for tho con
flict, promptly responded. On tho samo day
tho governor made a formal requisition upon
mo,' in purriuatico of tho act of 1795, and boo
tion 4, itrticlo 4 uf tho constitution, to aid in
suppressing domestic violence. Oil the next
day I iasuod my proclamation commanding tho
insurgents to disperse within fivo days of the
dato ihoroof, hut bofero tho proclamation was
published in New Orleans, the oigdni/.cd and
armed forces, recognizing a uaurpmg govern
ment, had taken torciblo poaaoaaion of tho
atato-hoiiMO and temporarily subverted tho
government Twenty or m'oro peoplo woro
killed, including a number of tho polico of
tho city. Tho streets of tho city woro stained
with blood. All that was desired in tho way
of excitement hud been accomplished. Ami
in view- of tho ?top? takou to roprosa it, tho
revolution waa apparently, though it ia bo
heved not really, abandoned, and tho cry of
federal usurpation and tyranny in Louisiana
waa ronowod with rodoublod energy, 'lroopa
had boon sent to tho atato under tho requisi
tion of tho governor, aa othor disturbances
aootnod Imminent. Thoy woro nllowod to ro
main there to roudor tho oxecutivo auch aid
as might bocoino nccoasary to onforco tho
la\\j#of tho atato, and repress tho continued
violence which eecmod inevitable tho moment
federal support ahould bo withdrawn, Prior
to and with a view to tho lato oloction in Louis
iana, wldto men associated thomaolvoa to
gether in arm od badida called whito Icuguoa,
and at tho aamo time thtoatu woro made in
tho journal* of tho atato, that tho election
ahould ho carried against tho republicans at
all hazards, which, vory naturally, greatly
nlarmod tho colored votors.
By section 8 or tho not of Fob. '28, 1871, it
ia made tho duty of United Stales marshals
and their deputies, at polls whero Votes aro
eaat for representatives in congress, to keep
order and prevent violations of the so-called
enforcement act, nnd other oll'oiians against
the laws of Iho United states, ami. upon a
requisition of the marshal of Louisiana, and
in view of aimed organization nnd pmtontuus
circumstances, I caused detachments of troops
to he stationed in various localities in tho
alate. to aid him in the performance of his
ein ml duties.
Thai tboro was intimidation of republican
voters at Iho election, notwithstanding (his
procaulioii, admits of no doubt. Toe follow
ing aro specimens of Iho moans used: On
tho Ith of October, eighty persona signed and
published tho following at Bhrovoport:
"We, the undersigned, merchants of the
city of Bhrovoport, in ohedionco to a request
of tho Bhrovoport G\impa;gn club, agreo to
p-io every endeavor to got our employes to
voto (ho pttoplo'a ticket i t Ilm ensuing elee
| Mnii, and hi the event of their refti-al so to do,
or in cum they vote Iho radical ticket, Io ro?
I fiiisa to employ them at tho expiration of their
term of service."
I On tho samo day another largo body of por
aona published in (ho B&mo place a paper, in
which thoy usod the, following languago :
"Wo, tho uudoxsignod, morcbauts of "tho
city cf Bhrovoport, ahvoto tlio,groat import
ance of no en ring good and hone st go vorn m out
to tho Btato, do agree and plcdgo ourselves
i not to advance any supp!i?js or monoy* tc any
planter tho coming yoar, who will give employ
ment or ront lauds to laborers who ;voto tho
radical ticket in tho coming election."
I havo no information of tho proceedings bf
tho returning board for Bald election, which
may not bo fouud in its report which has boon
published, but it is a mattor of public Infor
mation that a groat part of tho time taken to
canvass the votes was consumed by tho argu
ments of lawyers, several of whom roproeonted
each party boforo tho board. I havo no evi
dence that tho proceedings of this board were
not In accordance with tho law under which
they acted.? Whether, in excluding from their
count certain' returns* thoy wore right or
wrong, is a question that doponds upon tho
ovidouco thoy had beforo thorn, but it is very
clear that the law gives thorn tho power, If
tbey choose to exorcise it, of deciding that
way. and prima facto, tho poruons whom thoy
return as electod, are entitled to tho offices
for which thoy wore candidates.
Respecting th? alleged interference by tho
military with (he organization of tho legisla
ture of Louisiana on tho 4th iiist., I havo ho
knowlodgo or information which baa not been
received by mo since that time and published.
My lirst information waa from tho papers of
tho morning of tho 5th of January. I did
not know that any such thing was anticipated,
and no orders and no suggestions woro ovor
givon to any military officers in that state on
that subject prior to tho occurrences. Iom
woll awaro that any military interference, by
tho officers of the United Stales with tho or
ganization of a Btato logielaturo or any of its
proceedings, or with any civil department of
tho government, is repugnant to our ideas of
government. I can concoivo of no caae not
involving rebellion or insurrection, where such
interference by authority of tlie goneral gov
ernment ought to be permitted or cau bo justi
fied. Hut there r.ro circumstances connected
with tho legislative imbto Jio iu Louisiana
which seems to exempt the military from any
intentional wrong in that mattor.
The, enforcement of the etato laws, tho
officers and troopa of tho United States may
woll havo supposed that it was thoir duty to
act when called upon by tho governor for that
purpose. Each branch of tho legislative as
sembly is tho judgo of tho election and quali
fications of its own members, but if a mob or
a body of unauthorized persons sieze'and
hold tho legislative hall in a tumntouous and
riotous manner, and bo prevent any' organiza
tion, by thoBo legally rotnrned as elected, it
might become tho duty of tho steto exeautivo
to interfere, if requested by a majority of the
niombois elect, to p.upprc <s tho disturbance
and onablo tho persons present to organize the
house. Any ox'orciso of this powor would-be
justifiable under most extraordinary circum
stances, and it would then bo tho duty of the
governor to call upon tho constabulary, or, if
necessary, tho military force of tho stato.
Bat, with roforonco to Louisiana, it is :o be
homo in mind that any attempt of tho govern
or to use tho police force of tie.*.A'iA^^y&it
bloody conflict with tho white loagno, as it did
on th? 11th of September. Thoro ia no doubt
but that the presence of the United States
troops on that occasion prevented bloodshed
and the,io.-s of life. Both parties appoar to
havo rolled on thorn as conservators of tho
public poaco. Tho first call was mado by tho
democrats to remove persons obnoxious to
thorn from tho legislative hall, and tho second
was from tho republicans, to romovo persons
who had usurped Boats in tho legislature,
without logal certificates authorizing them to
seats, and in stilhcient number to change tho
majority. Nobody was disturbed by tho mili
tary who had a legal right at that time to oc
cupy a scat in tho logielaturo. That tho demo
cratic minority of tho house undertook to
soizo its organization by fraud ami malice;
that in this attempt thoy trampled under fool
tho law; that they undertook to make persons
not returned as clectod members, bo us to
create a majority; that they acted under a
preconcerted plan, and under falso protonses
introduced into tho hall men to support thoir
prctontions by force if iioconsarj'i and thst
conflict, disorder and riotous proceedings fol
lowing, ara facts _that scent to bo woll estab
lished, and I am credibly informed that these
violent proceedings woro a part of a premedi
tated plan to have tho house organized in this
way, rocoguizo what has bcou called the
MoEnory somito, thou to depose Oov. Kellogg,
and so revolutionize tho stato government.
Whether it was wrong for tho governor at the
request of the majority of members roturncd
us elected to tho house, tt) uso stich tiles. i is iis
woro in his jowor to dofcat these, lawless and
revolutionary proceedings, is perhaps a debat
able question, but it is quite certain that there
would havo bcou no (roublo if those who now
complain of illegal interference had allowed
tho iiom-o to bo organized in a lawful and rog
ular manner. When those who inaugurated
disorder and anarchy disavow such proceed
ings, it will ho limo enough to condemn tin -e
who, by such means a-j thoy havo, prevent
tht> sue -ess of their lawloss and dosporato
sohomos.
I.lent. Gon. Sheridan was roquoslod by mo
to go to Louisiana to obsorvo and roport the
situation there, and, if in his opinion neces
sary, to assumo tho command, which ho did
on tho 1th hist., after the legislative disturb
ance had ooonrrod, at nino o'clock p. m., a
number of hours after tho disturbances. No
party motive nor projudicOH can nocossarily be
imputed to him, but honostly convinced by
what ho had scon and heard there, ho has
characterized the loaders of i he white loilglics
in sovoro torrus, and suggested summary
mode i of procedure against thorn, which,
though thoy cannot bo adoptod, would, if
logal, soon put an end to tho troublos and dis
orders in that state. Gon. Shoridan was look
ing at facts, and possibly not thinking of pro
ceedings which would bo the only proper ones
to pursuo in timo of peace, and thought moro
of tho utterly lawlesB condition bf society sur
rounding him at tho timo of his dh patch, ami
of what would pi ovo a sure romedy. Ho no vor
proposed to do an illegal net, nor expressed a
determination to proceed b.yond what the law
in tlio future might authorize for tho punisti
mout of tho atrocities winch havo boon com
mitted; and the commi?sinn of which cannot
bo successfully denied. It in a doplorablo fact
that political crimes and murdor havo boen
comnutlod in Louisiana, which havo gono un
punished, and which have boon justified or
apologized for,, which mutt rust as a roproaclj
upon tho stato and country, 1 >ng after th<
presont generation has passed away.
1 have no dosiro lolmvo United BtJttos Irobri
interfere in tho dome.-tic concorns of Lotlfr
iana or any other stato On tho Oth of I >i
ootiibor last, Gov, Kellogg tolcgrsphod to i<o
his apprehensions that, tlio white lotgtio it
tended to mako another attack. Upon fi?
HHtiio day I mado tho following answer, nifco
which no communication hun l>con tiontln
bim:
" Your dispatch of this dato lias just lion
received. It is exceedingly unpalatable ujuao
troops in anticipation of dangers. 1st the
state authorities bo right, and then pro?vM
with thoir duties, without approhoiislonJof
danger. If thoy aro then molested, tho ques
tion will bo determined whether the UiA<d
States Is ablo to maintain law and order whin
its limits or not." /
1 havo deplored tho presence of pops
among thoni. I regret, however, to str that
this stale of things does not exist, ma dot s
its existence seem to be desired in to/liliuB,
und as to those it will bo proper for ny to say,
tln\t La tho extent that cbugroaa hai co?forrod
poworJ&nnro tp provont it, noithor ku-klux.
Klans, whito loaguoa nor any oihor association
using ; ?/ms and violonco to oxeonto tholr un
lawfuljpurposos. cau bo pormittod in that way
to govoxn any part of this count ry. nor cau I
830 VriuSj muiiToronco union mbn or republicans
ostracized, persecuted and mnrdersd nr. ,-vo
counl of thoir opinions, a*} thoy now aro in
Bomo localities.
i havo liorotoforo urgod tho caso of Louiai
? nua upon tho attontionof congrona, and i can
not Inr tltlnk that its inaction has pioducod
groat, yyil. To aummonizo: In Soptembor
inst a?v^rmod organized body of men, iu tho
support of candidates who bad boon put In
nomination for tho offices of governor and
lieutenant governor, at tho November election
iu 1872, ami who bad boon declared not elootod
by tho Iroard Of canvassers, roooguized by all
tho oonrfB*to which thd qfteatlbh bad boon bib
mittod, undertook to Subvert and overthrow
tbo Btate government that bad boon recognized
by me. lb accordance with previous precedents.
Tho recognized governor was driven from tbo
nt at o-houao, and, hut. for bis rinding ah el tor in
tho United States custom-houso, in tho capital
of tho Htato of which bo was governor, ft ib
Borionslv to ho doubtod that ho would b?v?
boon Killed. From tho stato-houae, before bo
had boon drivon to tho* onstom-houBO, a call
was mado in aeeordauco with tho 4th eeotion.
?Ith articlo of tho constitution of tbo United
M tat en f or tho aid of tho general government
to suppress domOBtio violence. Under thoao
circumstances* and in accordance with my
sworn auty, my proclamation of tho 15th of
Scptorubor, 1873, wae isBaod. This sorved to
reinatato Qov. Kellogg to his position nomi
nally: but iccaunet bo claimed that tho iusur
gonta bavo to this day snrrendorod to tho
atato anthoritioB tho arms belonging to tbo
Btate, er that thoy havo in any aonao disarm id.
Qu the- contrary, it is know that -the armed
organization that oxtstod on the 14th of Sop
tombor.\l871, ip opposition to tbo recognized
Btato g?rcrnm?nt, still retain thoir organiza
tion, oquipmenta and oommaudore, and can bo
calle 1 a h at auy hour to resist tho Btato gov
ornmorfL. Under thoBO oircumstaucea tho samo
mihtary forco has boon continued in Louisiana
as was gent dndor tbo first call, and under the
samo general instructions. I repeat that tho
task as.-um cd by tho troops is not a pleasant
ono ; that tho army js not composed of lawyers,
capable-of judging at a momont's notice of
!uat how; far thoy cau go in tho maintenance of
aw and order, and that it waaimpossiblo to givo
epocifio instrnotiona providing for all possiblo
contingencies that might arise. Tho' troops
were bound to act upon tho judgment of com
man ding' officers upon each sudden contin
gency that arose, or wait instructions which
could only roach thorn _aftor tho threatened
wrongs jUad boon committed, which they woro
called on to provent. It must bo recollected,
too, thai npon my recognition of tho Kellogg
government, I reported tbo fait with tho
grounds of tho recognition, to congross, and
askod r :>t. body .to take action iu tho mattor,
otherwise, i elfould regard thoir silence as
acquiescing in my course. No action has boon
taken by.lhat boajK and I bavo maintained tho
position marked out. If orror baa boou com
mitted '?y tho army in theso matters, it haa
ohing??i'tCeeii: on tho aido of the preservation
' proteotiS^^
upon tho soldiers, and if wrong has resulted
tho blamo, with tbo turbulent olomouta sur
rounding thorn, must not roat on thorn
I now earnestly aek that auch action bo
taken by congress as to loavo my duties per
fect ly clear in dealing with affairs in Louisiana,
giving assurance nt tho samo time that what
ever may bo done by that body iu tho premises,
will bo oxoeutcd according to tho apirit of tho
I law, without foar or favor.
I herewith transmit copies of documents
containing mero specific information aa to tho
subject mattor of tho resolution.
U. H. Gkant,
Exocullvo Slanslou, Jan. 13, 1875.
Tho Farmer of To-Day.
This is what ia said of him (it sounds
liko Joseph Harris) iu tho Agricultur
ist: Altogether, tho farmer has his
bands full. ITo ucotla uu notivo brain
iu an active body. K ho has good
health tho work should not discourage
him. lie will pull through. Ho should
not got excited ; ho should not worry.
Ho should keep cool ; and the boot way
to do tin's, in more Bennos than one, ia
to keep steadily at work. Work. will
elear tho mind and cool tho body. But
it should bo energetic, spirited work,
noL slow, ploddii g drudgery. Evory
stroko.should bo directed by tho mind
aud given with a will. It is snob work
that tells. Few of us realize how much
tho cliuracter of farm work bus changed.
It is better to run a mowing machine
than to uwiug a scythe all day, but
thors nro men who uro not happy unless
they uro engaged iu some hard, steady
work; Thoy havo not patienoo enough
to manage tho machine. Thoy aro men
tal sluggards. They want a machine
to put itself togother, totighttn its own
bolts, to be Bolt sharpening and solf
oiling. Snob men nro born hewers of
wdod and drawers of water. They will
rot miiko successful modern farmers,
'fho farmer who has his mowor, tedder,
tuloadiug fork, self-raking and self
iinding reaper ; who onts feed, turns
L\io grind-stone, und pumps water by
wind or horse power ; who plants his
born with n drill, hoes it with n harrow,
oultivatos within an inch of tho rows,
outs up tho crop, and husks it with a
mnchino, is a very different man fro.m
Hodgo, tho farmer, as ho exists in tho
mind of the novelist or poet.
A Sour of UoiiD Minb.?Tliero re
cently died in the north of France, nt
tho ago of eighty-three, a miser who
llvnd uloiio, and whoso but, when exom
iued by tho aulhoritien after hiH death,
proved n port of gold mine. Htfl pillow
alono contained 111,000 francs in gold
pieces of tho time of Louis "XV. nud
Louis XVi. Ho bad a tnsto for old
pieces, ne lind been robbed many
times, and tbo thieves wero generally
detected through tho antiquity of tho
money thoy stole. Tho total of tho
sums robbed from him in bis life, for
which men havo been convicted and
sentenced, rcnoh 100,000 francs.
RESUMPTION.
The Finance Bill Approved by is thfr
indent, . ,
. I i . ; ?: <
To the Senate of the United State* :
Senato Mil No. 10'4, to provide, for tho- ro
Bumption of spocib 'p?ymonta, is boforo itib,
and tlija day roccivoH my sigu'atareof approval.'
I vonturo upon thin unusual method of con
veying notico of my* approval to the honeo in
which the measure originated, beoaaeo -of. it*
great importance to the.country-, at- largo, in,
order to suggest further legislation,' which
seems to me caaontial to mako tl?a law effeeti'
moaauVolh?
whon specie resumption shall oonntunajpalMfr
hnphos an "Hlj|i\ff^p.(WL%Tf<f^^ congroaa,
if in its power, to givo such feglelation aa may
prove necessary to rede err. this promise. ' To
Ihis oud.I respectfully call your attention, to a
few suggestions:
1. Tbe necessity for increased revenue to'
carry out the obligation of adding to the sink
ing fund annually ono per cent. Tho interest
I ou the public debt nmounts now to $'14,000.0001
! per annum, and to. carry out tho promisee of
this mensuro to redeem under certain conlin
spneios $80,000,000 of tho present legal-ten-1
I tiers, and without contacting the national
ourronoy now in circulation. ' How to increase
tho surplus revenue is for congress to devise.
But I will vonturo to suggest that tbe duty on
tea and coffoo might bo restored, without per
manently enhancing the cost to consumers,
and that ten por cent, reduction of tho tariff
on articles specified in the law of Juno, 1972,
bo repealed. Tho Bupply of toa and coffee
already on hand in tho United States, would,
hi all probability, bo advanced in prico. by
adopting this mcasuro, but it is known that
tho adoption of froo entry to tlieso articles of
nccossity did not cheapen materially, or en
hance tho profits of tho country producing
them, or of middleman of thoy o countries who
have tho exclusive trado in them. - ,
2. Tho first ^action of the bill now under
consideration, provides that tho iradioual
currency shall bo redeemed in.silver coin as
rapidly aa practicable 1 There is iio proyialon
preventing tho fluctuation in tho value of
paper currency, or tho gold premium advanc*
Lug over ton per com. above the currency in
tue. It Lb probable, almost cortain, thatallver:
would bo bought up for exportation as fast as,
it was put out, until change would hecomo so
scarco aa to make.the premium on it equal to
tho promium on gold or sufficiently high to j
mako it no longer profitable to buy for export,
thereby causing a direct loss to tho community
at largo, and groat embarrassmout to -trade.
As the present law commands final resumption'
on the lira t o f January, 1870, and as tho gold re
ceipts by tho treasury are Larger than the gold
payments, and the ourronoy'receipts than cur
rency payments, thereby making monthly saloa
of gold necessary to moot current currency ex
penses, it occurs to me that those, difficulties
might bo romcdled by authorizing the socro
tf.ry of the'treasury to rodeom logal tender
uotos whenever presented in sums of not leas
than Sl0i? nnd mul<?i>VT ''
at tho rato of 2>? por cent, per annum; from '
tho 1st of January, 1875, to the dato of put-'
ting this law into operation, and diminishing
this premium at the samo iato until final re
sult ; changing tho rato of premium domanded
from time to timo as tho interest amounts < to
ono-quartor or one pqr cent. I suggest thi#
rate of interest, because it would bring cn'r
roucy at par with gold at tho dato fixed by tho
law for tho final resumption,. I suggest ton
por cout. aa the promium at tho.beginning,
because I boliovo this rate would secure tho |
rotoutlon of silver In tho country for change..
Tho provisions of tho third section of tho act'
will prevent combinations being made to ex
haust tho treasury of coin. With auch a law,
it is presumable that no gold would bo called
for not roquirod for legitimate business
purposes. Whon largo amounts of com
should bo drawn from tho treasury. corroB
pondingly largo amounts of currency would
bo withdrawn from circulation, thus causing
sntllciont stringency in curroncy to stop tho
outflow of com. and tho advantages or cur
rency, of fixoei known value; would also bo
reached. In my opinion, by tho euactmont of,
such a law, business and tho industries would
rovivo, and tho beginning of prosperity,
on a firm basis, would be reached. Other
moans of iucrousing the revenue, titan tho >o
stiggostod, should probably be doviacd, and
also other legislation, in fact, to carry out the
first section of tho act. Another mint bo
comos a necessity. With tho present facUitloS
for coinage, it would tako a period boyond J
that fixed by law for final spocio resumption
to coin silver necessary to transact tlio busl
uo?? of tho country. There aro now .-melting
furnaces for extracting silver aud gold from'
ores brought from tho mountain torritories
into Chicago, St. Louis and Omaha, three in
the former city, and as much of tho cliango
required will bo wanted in tho Mississippi
valley states, und as metals to bo coined;
j come from west of thoao stales, aud as I
understood tho charges for transportation
of bullion from either of tho cities named
to tho mint at Philadelphia or Now York
city, amount to four dollars for each one,
thousand dollars' worth, with an equal ex
pense, for transportation back, it would seem
a fair argument in favor of adopting one or
more of thoso cities as a place or places for
tho establishment of now coinage facilities. I,
havo ventured upon thia' subject with groat
diflldoiico, bocatiBO it la unusual to approve a
measure, as I do this, if no further legislation
is attainable at this time and to announce the
fact by message. But I do ao because I foci
that is a subject of such vital importance to
tho wholo country, that it should receive, the
attention of, anil bo disruoscel by congress
and tho people, through tho probBatidiu every
way, to tlio oud that tho bestand most satisfac
tory course may be reached, of executing what
I doom most bonoficial legislation on a most
vital question, to tho intcroats and ; rosperity
of tho nation. U. S. Quakt. *
executive M B or ion, Jan. 14, 1875.
Tire TjNHArrr ViniiAGit.?Show mo
two villager, ono ombowored in trees
aud blazing in all tbo glories of Octo
ber, tho othor a meroly trivii 1 and tree
less waste, or with only a single troo or
two for suicides, and I shall bo snro
thut in tho lattor will bo found tho miv.l
starved and bigoted roligionists and cho
most desperate drinkers. Evory wash*
tub and milk-oun and grave-stone will
bo exposed. Tho inhabitants will dis
appear abruptly behind their barns ami
houses, -liko desert Arabs amid their
rocks, and IJshall look to seo spears nift
thoir hands. They will bo roady to
aocepb tho most barren and forlorn
dootrino,?as that the world is speedily
coming to an end, or has already got to
it, or that they themselves are turned
wrong side outward. Thoy will por
chnuoo crack their dry joints at ono an
othor und call it a spiritual communica
i lion.?Thorcau,
Gists of. 140 oflicora and .eighteen pn
siatp pf. 14?"onlcora/'a^^
**ip ^Siorii;^^ tarn cTPdf&fev r
aSn^Ottfe'feirr^Ws !o fate"^**
three ttccb?norrle*/ J&r faot.feii&i^ottsri
tlt?b3faAnotJv*?f!fes4 ?fe8?flo&ft|: ^cfbAo
' A; obowh up youug lady of Mmneog^j
who ought to have entertained a hijpMy _
?eibkoi fWilvdtfeto^aa^ja^^
o^he#tr^g<Trfrt<wbd ia^rilnA*UirelvaI'3
d?liarsh&dad-critf t?s^^ ?j
Ix ia?ow ^ropof^td?^-smoerWcio wrfto
/nlnej^o/hwhjtfesJ^
through tbe discov^^r^rjij^p^
for uluramat,ing purposes, tihosonimalH
hu;g^rby\?e&^
'for towingi?hipSid nof)n-y?iv| to anhnh
?' Yi^'I ?W< ?iltifiatrv^
?ld Tmp?nnyk th^ojthmnJ^rniagl jtiuH
,ihg in . t he ,4^ on^pn ? ^ tljfeo^fcr^ta
into my placo mornings und got one
my securities;^
draw ihtereBt,?r??i ChrWnipf?ho sMe^R1,
the box I" ,d ?um onl oj .(-?Ii
Punika tlia* year JS7l^m6r3;ibnn C0,-i "
.took . advantago, of exoeptionj
Xares^o taMl?^^TOei?!
^lrea^5F%fifrrh^fr; b?'iffWm(Vb?i4i&^^
,h9weior, p4rr*',tf?li47?dkT*c( -haft) 'Majftir
driyeh aw/^pfH^w^tlyiiv^iy^li hh^fl,;^
rev WaVfef ^ufll?W8 ^m^rin^rhvJth'J of?
tnenffc&ok, n\n*dnei?i?of^thJaminris-Tbf f^
now comers "y^ith-tliem*'- ..-.inn o?rw new o
Tnxf Sandwich' iiiundrj oro.-.t wolvo ? hi:-..
nnmber, comprising bjual^j a^jefctlo over
G.O?O. ?quaror miles.-^,abontrthe rp^.^of o
'?onneqUpnt, and r$\iooo xslancL ^Br9/?
ihirds of t$is area; belongs to filmland
ot Hawaii, although Oaim is bolter "
known generally for its'c^iitmpjogHbn- '
rnLabitiVuTS. TL.
tho wholo group in 1872 wns ?G,897fj' It
appears jby tlip Jnst{consuB of the jta
habitants that lliero were49.QA4 perBon|J',''
of tbo pure'nfati/?W6;;i!,l8Siyi mt?t& h
origin, ^CMnteo? 889T American,?
Gil) English^ iCndi'lho' romaindrrr bailed,
from other E11 r opeauS jco^ut rief, Tho!)
through tho group, bo that .thoy aro in
the *aMM^
Ti?pretl?M
tho Grand Dtifc ftloxiVWAr^^
bohuownsfe'to'tho old folkulappears to
bo as spunky! an she ia'btauiliful./Alexijj, :
it will bo remember ed.^waa sent to
America tlmt ho mJgljt forgot her, hut
whflo that {fllra^ou&ra
didn't appoaso his bridc^-who woa sent
Out of tb?; empire bry ap^cinltraiiiffi^ierf
wont to Gnjmva,.an$Recently;,ipfappearp/,?
:b
of Alexis, should change her namo ami
disappear 'Itt'Totnrn for tbiB servico
sho would voccivo ouo million roubles ri
down j and, an' jajiuoity?pf sevpn^y-il^^
?thousand* xoublcsi.^ con
tinued to her child'in caao Ihn
Burviyed her; bnt^fr's'I^lexlirfe lj
doit, ?ho loved Moxin too nvueh for .
that, and so matters stand at present PW?
Oakt. 0. W: i Wlrxw?ajf of I thelj Sh?ted- k
States enginenra, . him -,hA<j fir79?, A^?-?1
yearn, eaperienp^ in dredg^g.lljp n^pn^ (({
of the Mississippi. This froni( him "on
tho subject is mterefltmgV* ^Ttt IB1 a'
well-known faot 'tn^'a^nlUtiM^^'*
planfl have %ht\r ?ng^siori- T<ti?'thtf ?im-? d
provement of the mouth of the Tdi; :ni~
oipoi, and th^t. at. each .?essipn, of con- .
gross several of these bavo been pressed .
on the attention of that body. "I" have
oflloially rpporked on a number of them, *
an 1 over forty havq beon bra|ight' to 1
my attention. The parflo.? "originating./'
and pry?opting'tbes? plmw'repreaent.i^l.;.
? the Various gtides of 'feventive? genxasir-'
to bo found m this country, from tal- |
onted engineer to the. jnan \ylio ought
to bo in a luhatio any lorn,- *ftrom the .
?nan who' * knpwp '?feometi/in,g,'nbOnt '.th&< i
mouth of .,tho
who knows n?thing.-V* . '. ^?uf hat, i.,.
?1 J, it li.i(.T mt, ,?U tit/ l-jf
f,,l^wi>.T^ArvsiT or tu?: ?J^jr^t
doad are be to furnished,,with. V^wAii
transit" 1n "Vleunn by mearl?ofi? pneu
comotories. After J,ljo ^funeral service
in tho chapel, tho oolliu will bo plaoed
lengthwiso on a 'small piAtform-car
moving on rail 8 ; Tihd ?? then. ahot oSt :.
through tho tunnel to tho cemetery at;, ,,
tho rato of 40 miles or w an hour, when j
tho undertaker will roooivo it.. Thon
the moiuncrn will dhtpovso from the
\ chapel and tho funeral'will bo over.