The sun. [volume] (Newberry, S.C.) 1937-1972, April 22, 1971, Image 5
The Newberry Sun, Newberry, S. C., Thursday, April 22, 1971—PAGE 5
4-H CLEANS UP—Members of Carver and Whitmire
High School’s 4-H Clubs picked up litter from the Whit
mire City Park as their contribution to Clean-Up Week.
The workers shown above: Left to Right: Front Row,
James Chick, Wendell Willis, Jeff Bostic, John Roche,
Scott Wilkerson and Jonathan Boyce, Carver Club Presi
dent. Left to Right: Back Row, Larry Knight, Tony Ram
sey, Ricky Silvers, Alvin Lominick, Kelly Calloway, and
Scott Coleman. The boys worked under the supervision of
Assistant County Agent Jack Queener and Whitmire Po
liceman Frank Shirey.
VO-AG EFFORT—Vo-Ag students from Newberry High
School cleaned up a vacant lot on College Street Exten
sion as their contribution to cleanup week. Shown above
with the litter removed from the area are Left to Right:
Donald Bundrick, Billy Coats, and Ronnie Chapman. Vo-
Ag Teacher George Bedenbaugh supervised the cleanup
project.
COUNTY AGENT
First Annual South Carolina
Bull Gain Test and Sale
These bulls from 28 herds
thru out the state had been
were weighed on test on Septem
ber 1, of last year and after
a two week adjustment period
were weighed on test on Septem
ber 14 and 15. Approximately
one hundred bulls had been no
minated by interested breeders
and of these seventy had met
all the preweaning performance
requirements for the test.
It was gratifying to find that
our bulls compared very favora
ble with those on similar tests
in other states. Daily gain rang
ed from 2.02 pounds per day
up to 4.05 pounds. So all bulls
exceeded the minimum require
ment of 2 pounds per day gain
necessary to be eligible for the
sale.
The range of weight per day
of age was from 2.0 pounds up
to 3.49 pounds. Ten of the bulls
on test failed to make the mini
mum (2.25 pounds) and were
therefore ineligible for the sale.
As was to be expected, there
was quite a variation in the
performance of bulls within the
various breeds on test. While it
is expected that cattle of the
breeds which are larger at ma
turity, would on the average
be heavier at any given age,
they found that there were bulls
of each breed which out per
formed some of the bulls of the
other breeds.
The large crowd at the sale
from South Carolina and seve
ral other states showed the in
terest of cattlemen in gain test
ed bulls. Fifty-six and one-half
bulls sold for an average of
$696 with a range in prices
from $395 to $2250 for the one-
half interest. It is interesting
to look at the average prices
when the bulls are grouped ac
cording to 365 days weights.
Those bulls which exceeded 1000
pounds at a year of age averag
ed $1134; those uetween 900 and
1000 pounds averaged $706; and
those between 800 and 900 pound
averaged $472. '
This trait (the 365 day weight,
which is highly heritable (about
60 percent) is probably the one
most important performance
trait since it includes both the
preweaning and postweaning
gain. While breed, grade, pedi
gree, color marking, etc. still
influences prices, we believe
that weight at a year of age is
a major consideration and from
the above prices cattlemen are
more than willing to pay for
bulls which excell in this trait.
With the first test and sale
off to a successful beginning,
we believe that this program
sponsored by Clemson Univer
sity and the South Carolina
Cattlemen’s Association will
prove to be very beneficial to
the entire cattle industry of the
state. It will afford the breeder
an opportunity to compare the
performance of his herd with
others and provide him a means
of evaluating his breeding pro
gram. This should redirect
some of the competition between
breeders which has existed at
fairs and shows and put it on
a much sounder and practical
basis of performance.
It should provide the prospec
tive buyer more assurance of
getting a bull which should im
prove the performance in his
herd. When we consider that
these various performance traits
have heritability estimates rang
ing from 30 to 60 percent, we
believe real progress can be
made by , using bulls which are
above average in performance.
The whole industry from the
cow-calf operator through the
feedlot operator is interested
in improving the rate of gain
of cattle.
If you are interested in con
signing bulls to the 1971-72 test
and sale, you may obtain the
requirements and regulations
from your county agent.
Housefly
The appearance of the house
fly is too well known to require
an extensive description.
. Life history and Habits: There
are four stages in the develop
ment of the housefly - eggs,
larva, pupa and adult. Eggs
are laid on various kinds of
organic matter, particularly
rqoist manures. Eggs are hatch
ed in less than a day and mag
gots complete their growth and
pupate in less than a week. Un
der favorable conditions a ge
neration may develop in less
than 2 weeks. A female may
lay as many as 600 eggs and
at least 10 generations are easi
ly produced in South Carolina
annually. This means that a sin
gle female might begin a cycle
in mid-April and by September
its progeny would number one
and one-half trillion under fa
vorable conditions. Fortunately
for mankind these favorable
conditions never exist.
. Nature of Damage: House
flies are disease carriers. Such
diseases as typhoid fever and
dysentery are spread by these
pests.
. Control: Screening is the most
important single control mea
sure to be directed against
houseflies. Complete Screening
of all openings, including doors,
windows, and cracks, is essen
tial.
Elimination of breeding pla
ces is important. But from a
practical farm viewpoint, ac
complishment is somewhat dif
ficult. Stables should be cleaned
as often as practicable and ma
nures from all animals should
be spread thinly on fields. Some
improvement would result in
hauling manures to fields in
the summer during “layby”
time as well as during the win
ter. Stables in cities should be
cleaned about twice a week.
Open outhouses create a me
nace, as flies breed in human
feces. They may crawl over
human food and scatter germs
of serious diseases of the ali
mentary tract. Waste water
should not be allowed to accu
mulate at one spot on account
of breeding flies.
Formulas for Fly Control:
Sanitation plus screening plus
use of Chemical equal fly con
trol.
Sanitation means that f 1 y
breeding will be reduced to a
minimum by good management
practices.
Chemicals used around farm
buildings can be most impor
tant in fly control. Clemson Ex
tension Information Card Num
ber 94 - Control of Houseflies
in Farm Buildings gives details
on use of chemicals. This card
maybe obtained from the County
Agents Office.
4H HORSE CLUB
We have planned a special
meeting for those 4H Club
members interested in the 4H
Horse project. The meeting will
be held in the County Agricul
ture Building in Newberry on
April 30, 1971, at 7:30 P.M.
All 4H Club members in
terested in Horses are invited
to attend and bring your pa
rents.
CATTLE PEST CONTROL
Every cattleman knows that
blood-sucking flies, mosquitoes,
and lice are a big factor in
reducing rate of weight gain
and eventual profits. Horn flies
alone may cause loss of one-
half pound of gain per day,
according to the 1952 USDA
Yearbook of Agriculture.
In addition to reduced
weight gain, these external pest
cause the animals to appear
in bad condition, which can also
be a factor in sale price and
profits. Another pest of impor
tance in the Piedmont area is
the face fly. This fly (similar
to the house fly) is associated
with pink-eye and other eye
conditions of cattle.
Entomologists and Animal
Science workers at Clemson
recognize the labor problem and
expense involved in rounding up
cattle periodically to s p r a y,'
dip, etc., for external parasites
For this reason much pest con
trol research in recent years
has been directed toward the
use of self-treatment devices
for cattle. Backrubbers, intro
duced some years ago, have
been partially satisfactory as
self-treatment control on a free-
choice basis. Research with dust
bag stations has been even
more successful than backrub
bers as a self-treatment sys
tem for blood-sucking external
parasites of cattle.
Regardless of the method »e
lected, effective pest control de
pends on cattlemen servicing
the devices on a regular ba
sis. Neither dust stations nor
backrubbers are a substitute
for management and are only
as effective as management dic
tates.
DUST STATIONS — The
use of dust stations to control
horn flies has been highly suc
cessful. Face Fly control has
been only fair at best. How
ever, a more porous bag will
increase dustability and should
increase control of the face
fly. Some users have reported
that their cattle have not been
troubled with lice or grubs
since using the dust stations,
but these claims have not been
verified experimentally.
To be successful, a self treat
ing dusting device must—1. Be
rather inexpensive and easily
constructed, 2. Require mini
mum maintenance, 3. Be situa
ted so that cattle will use it
regularly, 4. Be supported by
“foolproof” devices that will
hold the bags in the correct
position and last as the bag
will contain dust, 5. Be easily
detached for moving and fill
ing.
LOCATION — Consistent fly
control will be obtained when
the station is placed in an area
where the cattle are forced to
pass through it at least once
each day or not less than once
every 2 days. Consistent con
trol can be obtained also when
units serve as doorways to salt
and mineral enclosures, as gate
ways between pastures, or in
areas where animals pass
through them to obtain water.
Nonincentive units placed in
cattle-loafing areas will not give
consistent control. Enclosures
do not have to be elaborate.
Barbed wire enclosures are ef
fective. The sheds should be
installed in different pastures,
and the bags should be moved
during rotation of the cattle
Since certain insecticide dusts
can be used on lactating dairy
animals, it is important to note
the different installation of the
dairy herd station. The most
efficient use is to suspend the
bags on a movable arm in the
milk parlor exit Hang so that
the bottom of the sacks is t-6
inches below the top line oi the
cattle. By using the huigeu sup-
por* for the bags, the dairyman
can control the use oi he uu:>t
and insure greater economy.
AMOUNT OF DOST TO USe -
Each bag shouiu cohUuu u
pounds or e^ o; the Uoixa-
cidal dust, u some ns lance.*
5 pounds oi dust will 'x; 'uAi-
cient, but bag^ wdi auve n
be filled not e o».lcu. * IK
!te»t longct when ney coukulii
smaller amounts oi lu^v. Ow s
dusting ->lauoa With two Vgo.,
should 'be rc*vd Hn aj u ewpv
head 04 a tile •
DUSTS TO USE - Beef Cat
tle-10 percent methoxchlor-Ex-
cellent for control of horn flies
but less effective on face flies.
Major advantage is low cost
and availability.
1-5 percent Co Ral-Usually
sold as 1 percent dust in a 25-
pound “Butt bag.” Control is
comparable to methoxychlor but
cost is usually higher.
3 percent Ciodrin-Gives excel
lent control of horn flies and
face flies. Major disadvantage
is higher cost.
Dairy Cattle - 1-5 percent Co
ral-Same as for beef cattle.
3 percent Ciodrin-Same as for
beef cattle.
0.075 percent Pyrethrins plus
Synergists.
CAUTION: Be sure that bags
are placed in milk room exists
only to avoid contamination of
milking equipment.
BACKRUBBERS — Construc
tion of a cable backrubber is a
convenient way to control horn
flies and reduce lice infestations
on cattle. Backrubbers usually
are employed on a free-choice
basis in loafing areas, around
mineral boxes, or near watering
places. Backrubbers are more
effective if the cattle are forc
ed to rub them when seeking
water, minerals, or feed.
The greatest disadvantage of
the backrubber has been the
tendency of cattlemen to ne
glect servicing them. Since the
backrubber is usually installed
without a shelter, frequent ser
vicing is necessary to keep the
burlap oiled and therefore ef
fective. Commercial backrubb
ers featuring automatic oilers
must also be serviced frequentlv
to keep them operating.
The number of backrubbers
needed will depend on the size
of pasture and number of cat
tle. Normally one bacKruober
per 50 head is adequate for ei-
fective control.
We have available at ne
County Agents Office Extension
Circular J92, Let aule Con
trol Pests With Seii-lTeatment
Devices wmch contains plans
for botn ousting 'tauons iu
backrubbers. Jail or stop oy tor
a copy.
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