Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TWO THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, SOUTH CAROLINA . - - . : . . • : inn 1218 Coli»c« Street NEWBERRY. 8. C. I PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY O. F. Armfield, Jr., Owner Second-Class postage paid at Newberry, South Carolina. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: 82.00 per year in ad vance; six months, $1.25. mmm FARMS AND FOLKS 'By J. M. ELEAZEK 'v' Clcmson Extension Information Specialist COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS By SPECTATOR The great Saluda Dam is a highway and thousands of people #.nd vehicles use it as a public highway. I wonder why the San tee Dam in Clarendon is not a highway. When it was first built it was generally understood that the dam would be used as a high way. It would facilitate travel from Sumter, Manning and Sum- xnerton to Charleston, I’m told. As I recall, Senator James Hugh McFaddin (now Judge) in troduced a permissive resolution to authorize the Highway Depart- jnent to develop the crossing at the dam. Since the State owns the San- tee-Cooper there would be no re sistance by that Authority. I have never discussed this with General Manager Jefferies, hut Chairman James H. Hammond seems to approve the suggestion. The use of the dam for vehicu lar traffic from Charleston and to Charleston would serve the State and our commerce much more helpfully than the very du bious idea of promoting freight traffic by water. , Score one for Senator Johnston tor his stern attitude of opposition to the ridiculous, prodigal, scan dalous throwing away of billions of dollars in “foreign-aid”. What we need in these United States is a heavy dose of home-aid, local- aid, domestic-aid. I do not mean any give-away, but this country |a heavily ovar-taxed and our pound growth calls for relief. Just let your mind play on this: that some men decline higher pay; some fail to* earn more in their business because more business And more income will classify them into higher brackets and in crease their taxes disproportion ately. It may seem possible that only a real depression will cause us to think sensibly, but must we be so obtruse, just plain dumb, that we can learn only from disasters? Let us hope that this country may never again be so bereft of Wisdom and political courage that we virtually give a blank check to one man. That man had unlim ited confidence in himself and was receptive to any scheme and all schemes, even contradictory .schemes, just to x'risp and hold power. A number of plans were entire ly unsound, but the Congress was like so many lambs being led to the slaughter, certainly during that period of*six months when all the brains seemed asleep. Among many schemes which were foisted on the Nation was that so-called unemployment com pensation, wholly at the employ- l* expense. It would have been Enough if the plan had been to>6, as with the Old Age and Sttfvivors’ Insurance. Even that, alfehg with the Unemployment has allowed some heavy, unjust drain. I sometimes think that no man really understands the burden of business unless he has had to “make a payroll.” A man on sal ary never fully grasps the burden of the manager who has to make the business earn all the overhead ;s. is elementary that every man ob the payroll must earn his own -pi^y and a profit for his employer. (Rherwise he is just a “dead head,” a burden. It is also true that a manager does not wish to discharge or lay-off any worker when operations are profitable. So, when business is so unprofit- that workers must be laid off da tiie concern itself better able to pay men to be idle than to pay them for productive work? T<fO often the impression is that ^employers are scheming against their operatives. If that is true aettiatime did you ever know of operatives scheming against em- pfeyers? But those may be excep tional cases on both sides. It is Alee true th$t a concern at times operates at a loss and retains all workers, hoping for a revival of business and desirous of main- taftnihg the organization intact. Going hack to the one-man day, yofi may recall that Mr. Roose- veh’s course gave Russia enor- xnsos advantages and that our bur- densome National budget and our National nervousness grew out of Mr. Roosevelt’s vanity as well as bis feebleness. Consider this, from The Satur day Evening Post: A ‘Those who have forgotten history’, wrote the philosopher Santayanna, ‘are destined to re peat it.’ Since we are about to embark on a new round of summit conferences, it would be foolhardy to forget earlier ones, particular ly those spectacular meetings of some years ago when Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin were the perform ers on the world stage. President Eisenhower is no doubt well brief ed on what happened when the wartime President took the road that led him finally, in February of 1945, to the soil of Russia. The next occupant of the White House —whoever he may be—will also have the record to refer to. He should not forget Stalin when he talks to Khrushchev. “The research for my receut book, Roosevelt’s Road to Russia, revealed somethings about one Communist dictator and one Am erican President and about sum mit conferences, which we can overlook only at our peril. “Stalin had a dour personality, but he could smile and flatter and cajole when he wanted to. And the American President of that day lapped it up. ‘I like this man,’ Roosevelt told Frances Perkins, his Secreary of Labor, referring to Stalin, ‘and I want to remain on good terms with him’. “Stalin ended up with the keys to China in his pocket for his Chinese Communist cronies and with a gigantic East European empire, which has been able to threaten Western civilization ever since, “At a banquet at Yalta on Feb ruary 8, 1945, Stalin rose and pro posed a toast: ‘I want to drink to our alliance ... In the history of diplomacy I know of no such close alliance ... In an alliance the allies should not deceive each other. Perhaps this is naive? Ex perienced diplomats may say, ‘Why should I not deceive my ally? But I as a naive man think it is best not to deceive my ally even if he is a fool.’ President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill raised their glasses and drank with the dictator. “But what followed Yalta? The British military historian, Chester Wilmot, summarizes the bitter fruits of that conference in these true words, ‘Before the end of March the Yalta Agreement had been broken or disregarded by the Russians in every important case which had so far been put to the test of action.’ In September, 1944, it was time for Roosevelt and Churchill to decide what their policy would be for postwar Germany, so they held a ‘Big Two’ Conference in Quebec. In the few days before Roosevelt left for Quebec, Secre tary of War Stimson and Secre tary of State Hull—who were not invited to the conference—went to the White House to talk with him. Stimson, fresh from these inti- nriate chats, wrote in his diary that the President’s physical condition troubled him and that he feared that Roosevelt was going to the conference ‘without any real prep aration for the solution of . . . the problem of how to treat Germany.’ The Secretary added that, so far as he had evidence on the subject, Roosevelt ‘has had absolutely no study or training in the very dif ficult problem which we have to decide.’ At Quebec, Mr. Roosevelt took his pen in hand and wrote, O. K.— F.D.R.’, at the bottom of a bar baric plan, drawn 1 up by Harry Dexter White, to pastoralize Ger many and wreck her mines. Then he returned to Washington. Secre tary Hull, horrified, rushed to the White House to tell him this would ‘punish not only Germany but also most of Europe.’ Secre tary Stimson also hastened to pro test turning the center of Europe ‘into a dust heap.’ He lunched with the President, who said ‘he had no idea how he could have initiated this; that he had evidently done it without much thought’! “Five months later F.D.R. was at Yalta, where new surprises for Europe and Asia were hatched, some remaining long secret. With the same casualness he had shown at • Quebec, he agreed that Ger many was to be dismembered and that Berlin was to be a ‘joint zone’ inside of and entirely sur rounded by the Soviet zone of oc cupation. That worked out nicely for the Russians. For years after ward they were able to pull the West in a crisis over Berlin when ever they chose. They are doing SOYBEAN UPSTATE So far the soybean expansion has been mainly down-state. Some counties now grow more of ’em than they do cotton. This year their planting received a boost in the up-state when a mill at Spartanburg, that uses a lot of meal, put in processing equipment and promised a good local market. County agents over the up-coun try held meetings with their far mers to discuss the growing of soybeans, and specialists from Clemson told of results with the crop in the test areas at the Coll ege. The evidence points to the fact that this can be made a pay ing crop in the Piedmont as it is further down in the state. County Agent Bull of Abbeville has a number of farm demonstrations with it, as has many of the other agents in the Piedmont. We live and learn. And this ap plies to soybeans. At first we planted ’em almost altogether fol lowing grain. And with no ferti lizer except residues left from that applied to the grain. Experiment and experience have shown we need to plant a lot of our beans earlier than is possible on stubble land. And we need to fertilize them too, with some phos phorous and potash. They are spe daily heavy feeders on the latter. The earlier plantings usually give better yields, and different plant ing times of different varieties spreads the harvest season out better too. Dr. Munsen, down at Clemson’s Blackville Station, is doing exten sive work on soybeans. It is a very odd crop in its responses to treatments and fertilizers, like the peanut. Not consistent, like other crops. Dr. Munsen is digging in on it there and your county agent might be interested ii\ arrarig iqg a tour there to see his interest ing work with this crop this sum mer. MARKETING MELONS Marketing is a big item with any crop. And there is where we so oft en fall down. The famer is pri marily a producer, but must look more and more to his marketing. The melon growers of the Black ville area are trying to do some thing about this important angle of their business. Their Marketing Authority met in the late winter with 150 members present. County Agent Griffith tells me. Last sum mer they marketed $663,906.96 worth of watermelons and can taloupes. The latter were tested for sugar content and those not measuring up were rejected. In close cooperation with our exten sion marketing man and Clemson’s Station there, their efforts should be growingly fruitful in not only doing a better job but in producing better melons. It takes the latter to do agood job of the former with. that right now, hoping to win con cessions from the West in their march toward world Communist domination.” “Our constitution prescribes the making of a treaty, approved by the Senate, but Executive Agreements have no place in our government, though freely made. Every such agreement should be expressly repudiated by the Sen ate.” What is the amount of the ave rage family income in the United States; and what is the average farm income? I don’t know how the men of figures differentiate the average family from the aver age farm family, but listen to the esteemed Farm Journal, in a full page advertisement in The Wall Street Journal: “In 1969 Average U. S. Family Income: $6,370; Average U. S. Farm Family Income: $9,978. Gross Income of all farm fami lies exceeded $46 billions in 1959! That’s more than all U. S. business spent on new plants and equipment. That’s about the amount the U. S. Government spent on national defense. Every year, the farmer—Am erica’s biggest customer—spends more and more for the products of business and industry.” Men who prepare statistics mys tify me. Recently I quoted a stu pendous figure about the over head investment in each farm worker. How can you talk about the “poor farmer”* if these figures are right? Of course it must be that those farmers “making” be yond fifty per cent more than the others live far away from us. You may recall that “Cotton- Ed,” the late Senator E. D. Smith, used to say that “an expert” is a man a long way from home.” I used to quote that to some inti mate friends in South America, when I playfully declared that, ac cording to Senator Smith, I must be an expert, for I was a long way from home. LEAVE PLENTY COTTON “Leave plenty cotton stalks on the land!” , That’s the admonition of Clem son’s cotton man, Sam Williams. For, without the stalks we just don’t get maximum 1 yields. He suggests 3 to 4 stalks to the foot of row. And in 3-fpot rows, folks, that means fifty to sixty thousand stalks per acre. Most of our cotton is ^ot left nearly that thick. But thousands of farm records and ex perimental evidence shows it pays. It is with thick cotton, where just about everything else is done right, that* those high yields come from. Out West, where they make 2 to 4 bales per acre, most of the cotton isn’t thinned at all.' It takes about 100,000 bolls to make a bale. So with 50,000 stalks to the acre, you can see where such yields come from. By J. M. ELEAZER I’ve been writing these true tales of my boyhood in the Stone Hills of the Dutch Fork for about 25 years, one a week. That means they Ww total about 1,300. And I still have a backlog of ’em to use. There seems just no end to the thmgs country kids did or had to happen to them when I was coming along. When ! was county agent at Sumter these tales were started in my county column. They were headed “For Boys Are Just That Way You Know.” When I went on state work, I continued them. Some editors started shortening that title and improved it to what it is today. By cutting off three words they didn’t hurt it a bit. In fact they improved it. In speaking of brevity, I’m re minded of a tale that went the rounds in the Stone Hills when I was a kid there. The local store started something new. They got in a box of fresh fish in ice on the noon train on Saturdays. They wanted folks to know about it, so a sign was proposed. First draft of the <- sign was this, “We Have Fresh Fish Fox * Sale Here.” Then the folks who sat around the stove there got to criticising it. The first one sug gested the two first words “We Have” be cut out,, because you had to have them if they were for sale there. They all agreed on that, leaving it ‘Fresh fish for Sale Here.” Then another fellow suggested cutting off the first and last words, for they wouldn’t be of fered for sale if they were not “Fresh,” and if they were for sale it would surely be “Here.” So they cut them off leaving “Fish For Sale.” On further thought they figur ed the “For Sale” was not needed for if you had fish in the stores for sure they would be for sale. So that left it at just the word, “Fish.” Then one bright fellow suggest ed that the word “Fish” wasn’t needed either. “For,” he said, “anyone with a nose can smell ’em and know you have fish.” So all agreed no sign at all was nec essary. pan-Germanism. . . . “The German chemists worked out a very , ingenious and far- reaching plan of mass control which was submitted to and adopted by the German General Staff. This plan was to control the population in any given area through mass medication of drinking water supplies. By this method they could control popula tion of whole areas, reduce popula tion by water medication that would produce sterility in the wo men, and so on. In this scheme of mass control, sodium fluoride oc cupied a prominent place. “We are told by the fanatical ideologists who are advocating the fluoridation of water supplies in this country that their purpose is to reduce tooth decay in chil dren, and it is the plausibility of this excuse, plus the gullability of the public and the cupidity of public officials that is responsible for the prepent spread of artificial water fluoridation in this coun try. / “However—and. I want to make this very definite and very posi tive—the real reason behind wa ter fluoridation is not to benefit children’s teeth. If this were the real reason there are many ways in which it could be done that are much easier, cheaper and far more effective. The real purpose behind water fluoridation is to reduce the resistance of the mass es to domination and control and loss of liberty . . . “In the rear occiput of the left lobe of the brain there is a small area of brain tissue that is re sponsible for the individual’s power to resist domination Re peated doses of infinitesimal amount of flborine will in time gradually reduce the individual’s power to resist domination by slowly poisoning, and narcotizing this area of brain tissue and make him submissive to the will of those who wish to govern him . . . When the Nazis, under Hit ler, decided to go into Poland . . . the German General Staff and the Russian General Staff ex changed scientific ami military ideas, plans and personnel, and the scheme of mass control through water medication was seized upon by the Russian Com munists because it fitted ideally into their plan to coptmutsize the world . . . “I was told of this entire scheme by a German chemist who was an official of the great Farben chemical industries and was also prominent in the Nazi move ment at the time . . . 1 say this with all the earnestness and sincerity of a scientist who has spent nearly 20 years’ research into the chemistry, biochemistry, physiology and pathology of fluo rine—any person who drinks ar tificially fluoridated water for a period of one year or more will never again be the same person, mentally or physically.” (“West ern Minute Men, U.S.A.”) PERSONAL Rev- and Mrs. Lamar of Martin sburg, W. Va. will ar rive Friday, and David Neville, a rising senior at the S. C. Medi cal college in Charleston will ar rive Saturday for a visit with their mother, Mrs. D. W. A. Nev ille on Calhoun street. They will be joined next week by Mr. and Mrs. William Neville of Lubbock, Texas. They will attend David Neville’s wedding in Walterboro in June. / —— — THUBSDAY, ft If 11 r «;f. ipeppr wm mm tm-. Cold War Has Many Sides THE “SUMMIT FIASCO” should prove once and for all to even the most idealistic wishful- even me most laeausuc wiamux- , , nn thlnter that the Communiata “ P , From the Lincoln Times, Lin- colnton, N. C.: “Occasionally we read of certain people criticizing corporations because they have had a profitable year. They take the attitude that it is almost sin ful to make a profit . . .” That observation comes from William Park, chairman of the board of the American Stores chain grocery system. And it deals with a state of mind that presents a very real danger to the welfare and future of this country. For, as Mr. Park points out, the whole free enterprise system, and all the employment and job security it provides, depends on profits. In his words, “It is from these profits that money comes for further growth and expansion of the business, providing addi tional job opportunities. It is also from profits that stockholders re ceive dividends for the use of their money which they have in vested to finance the business.” It’s certainly obvious that if there were no chance to profit, people wouldn’t put their savings into business—and progress would come to an abrupt end. Finally, the profits earned by enterprise, for the most part, are smaller than is generally realized —in the case of grocery chains, 1 to 2 cents on each dollar of sales. Other types of chain sys tems show similar results. The customer gets a huge amount of service for a mighty small “wage.” t > From The Independent, Fuquay Springs, N.C.: The sea serpent may not have been found, but the sea serpent’s little boy has been discovered. Dr. Anton Blum, a Danish authority on deep sea life, made this report to the World Oceanographic Congress’ meet ing in New York City. Sooner or later, Blum says, a. serpent-like creature at least 40 feet long will be hauled out of the depths of the South Atlantic. This, he thinks, will prove to be a gigantic eeL Normally eels are no more than six or seven feet long. Their larvae seldom exceed two inches. Dr. Blum, however, found in the Atlantic west of South Africa an eel larva nearly six feet long. An adult developed from such a larva probably would be more than 60 feet long. Such creatures are most apt to be found in the middle depths of the South At lantic, where food is plentiful and the water pressures not too great. never had any intention of nego tiating in good faith. The Soviet foreign policy is designed solely to advance their basic aim—com- munization of th j entire world. Once again the cold war is out in the open. OUR ARMED STRENGTH if the cornerstone of any realistic hope for a| I peaceful vic tory against the Russian | must ' l- a strong de fense force. M is equally important, **”— : “V to _____ tlia* Dm whatever * at a fVJUT* ^ ■pj J i ■^h.,i iji — by military means, the ists will concentrate - ganda and economic propaganda sword k'of Ha ‘ " more front excessive a from any “expertese” at _ and counterblows on ottr part. ON THE ECONOMIC front it is essential that we noW concen trate for a renewed effort. Despite unsound policies of government interference and hamstringing, our domestic productive capacity continues to grow. Public demands for fiscal responsibility by the National Government inspire hope for an even mord vigorous growth. There is another faetor, however, which bears heavily on our econo mic strength, aad on which we ports by 34.4%. Even worse, ripMIjr- exports over im end of 1959 Jp® make ^ 1959, about $1.5 billion of ports, were purchased, foreign aid ^ for our have been far too self-satisfied in our approach. This factor is the foreign trade of the United States. HISTORICALLY, the United States has been a leader in world trade, and is still far and away the world’s largest supplier. Last year’s foreign sales of $16.2 bil lion was more than half again as the cornerstone of our much aa bur nearest' competitor. This is scant cause for satisfac tion, however, for sales in 1969 showed no increase over 1968, and a 2% drop from 1967 1956 and 1959, internal 1—*- of the U. S. dropped 7*4%. was during a period mf un dented economic expansion Western world, when many Hi For stance, during the samd pei exports from West Germany creased 33.2%; France, 23.6%j Japan, 88.2% and even the industrialized X m m imports rose m At aged pli is not helpful to our but, harmful. Increased mean more but foreign make fewer _ no matter who finances duction. ' s " " “ Ml Wm our vr r — ^ uu ® higher costs of dra vback is the le of the State our commer- financin£ export sales .tment o: our in slow. mi in enable our domestic producers to >ete throughout the world oil it terms. Wo must also insure that our trade agreements A A Asa. Jfcf*-•X, wp ** jr A big other countries to abolish dis criminatory trade barriers against our goods. STRONG the comer—,— — but the cornerstone must be on the foundation of a hnalthjr and vigorous economy. Sincerely, WASHINGTON AND Fluoridation Is Said Scheme For Mass Control (The following article is from the November 1959 issue of The American Mercury Magazine, 250 West 57th St, New York 19, N. Y. Subscription price of American Mercury is $4 yearly.) RED SCHEME FOR MASS CONTROL Some New Ideas on the Flaori- ' dation Conspiracy Here is an unforgettaable state ment on the effects of fluorides on the human brain. It is from one of the nation’s foremost in dustrial chemists, Charles Eliot Perkins, who was sent by the United States Government to help take charge of the giant I. G. Far ben chemical plants in Germany at the end of World War II. The statement is taken from a letter | which Perkins wrote the Lee Foundation for Nutritional Re search, Milwaukee 3, Wisconsin, October 2, 1954: “I have your letter of Septem ber 29 asking for further docu mentation regarding a statement in my hook The Truth About Wat er Fluoridation to the effect that the idea of water fluoridation was brought to England from Russia by the Russian Communist Krem- inoff. 1 “In the 1930’s Hitler and the German Nazis envisioned a world to be dominated and con trolled by the Nazi philosophy of SMALL BUSiNES By C WILSON HARD There it a growing problem in maintaining a healthy inde pendent business structure in a given community. And in Washington, expert observers of the small business scene won der whether or not it is a problem that can be suc cessfully at tacked at the federal level * * * As a mat ter of fa.., C. W. Harder there appears to be a growing sentiment that the problem should be attacked at the grass roots level. * * * In a report just released by a trade public a tio \ following a two year study by a marketing professor at Notre Dame, it has been found tha£ the big food chains are moving rapidly into the field of other merchan dise, plan further expansion. sea In some areas of the country, chain food stores are found to be handling as many aa 8,500 nonfood terns, or more non food Hems than food items. • oo The items handled included drug items, principally called health and beauty aids, baby needs, housewares, hardware, small appliances, stationery, greeting cards, toys, records, magazines, books, photo equip ment, barbeque equipment, garden equipment and sup plies, notions, hosiery, domes tics, lien’s apparel, women’s apparel, children’s apparel, costume jewelry, pet supplies. * * * Obviously, the more indepen dent business enterprises there are in a community the better the community health in terms © Nation! F«der«tlon of Independent Boslnew of employment shopping opportunities, to maintain and improve the community and to provide for vital community servicou. « e e But if this chain trend goes to its logical condition, many communities could end up with a .single stony which would end community progress and growth. e * • Thus, it is n general practice in each business community for a business to have a city li cense or permit. It should per haps be the responsibility of local city government to re vamp its business licensing system so that It would be im possible for a chain outlet, for example, licensed primarily to sell foods, to carry on lines of business which raids every tax paying independent business In the community. * * O' Perhaps even preservation of good city government demands such action. * e * Or, It would be perfectly logi cal for a community to require an establishment handling food to be entirely apart'and sepa rate from a building handling other merchandise. It does not seem the most sanitary, not to mention aesthetic, situation for a store stocking food on one shelf to have garden ferti lizer on the next shfelf. * * ♦ And also in the long run, such measures would undoubtedly return more food volume to in dependent dealers. * * * For the facts of the matter are that most big chains can not compete price-wise with smartly run independent gro cery stores unless they have a volume in the higher profit nonfood items. i "■■"i ffilr ISa I ' ! OUN D. JOHNSTON SOUTH CAtOUNA’S COLLAPSE of the Summit Conference will go down as one of the most regrettable incidents in world history. Cer tainly at this time it appears to be the groundwork upon which the Russian Communist Dictator Khrushchev intends to construct a series of arises leading to a major interux- H/vriwi incident. * * I • REGARDLESS of whet we may specnlsts Khrush chev has as his ultimate goal. It Id unquestioned at this time that he intends to use the “U-2” inddost tiie > lapse to the world. * s o DESPITE what Individual Americans may think of the “U-2” incident, our State De partment’s handling of this incident, and President Eisen hower’s follow-up at the -Sum mit Conference, this is no time for any American to puWfcly criticize President Eisenhower or any of those who are work ing either la the defease of our Nation or in the diplomatic area. Our criticisms would most certainly be used by the Russians against all of us. • • * NO ONE HAS DIFFER ED with President Efama- hower and these he has em ployed in various psailieiae la our fevernment more than I have, but la times like these we mast stand together aad bear our share of respoasi bility to preserve Democracy sad the free world. OOO IT IS NEVER TOO LATE for us to overcome our mis takes and to dose our Tanks against a common enemy. It is obvious Mr. Khrushchev would have ficoad another excuse which to base his latest had the “U-2” fawAUnt occurred. e e • KHRUSHCHEV INTEND ED an aloug to use the Sum mit Conference as a lever with which to pry West Bar- tta sway from the free wor.ift* By Iweakiag up tta Sumarit Coaffufenrc he tukeWa* farce try tw : “ ► If this is wm vriMs ; THE ONLY ANSWER is for Will Berija fraa. If take over Bttttn, then it wffl be ITO M. i OI Elsssov will move in oa West Germany, France, Pal*, sad possibly other European Nations. Loss of West Berlin would be » blow to our Al- on the front line from which I doubt we uquld over / • • mmm AT ALL COSTS wo must taiataia our ties with West Berlin, iadMttag the ts nave It was s grave miatake far those in eeao- mand of oar forces tat Eu rope to allow the wtet Stales to advsnc Berlin aad isolate It from West Germany. But it Is equally important at this ttaae in oar history that we net compound this previous error by doing anything ts allow the Communists to take over Free Berlin. Some 68% of U.S. passenger cars are over three years old with the average age of U. S. -ears on the road having remained fairly constant except during immediate postwar and war years. Almost one-third of Canada’s people live in the Province of Ontario. This province produces about half of the country’s man- ufactured goods and a very large percentage of the world’s nickel.