The sun. [volume] (Newberry, S.C.) 1937-1972, August 04, 1950, Image 2
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American Troops Taking Beating
In Korea; Mobilization of U. S.
Manpower and Industry Forecast
Korea Commander
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When •pinions nre expressed in these e«Ismns, they are these *f
Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and not neeessarilv of this newspaper.)
KOREA:
Gl's Take Beating
As the Korean battle went into
the fourth week it became apparent
to every American that U.S. troops
were taking a beating.
They were outnumbered; tanks
were inferior and too few; guns
and bazookas could not pierce the
12*inch armor of the Russian made
tanks. They were pinned to fox
holes by tanks, artillery and mor
tars; overwhelmed by massed in
fantry, sniped at from the sides and
rear by infiltrating columns.
Taejon, provisional capital of
South Korea, was abandoned after
the Kum river line was broken by
thousands of fanatical Communists
wno charged American positions
without regard to casualties. They
overran first aid stations, killing
patients and chaplains, and for
every one the Americans killed,
ten took his place.
American forces began a slow
withdrawal which appeared would
halt some 35 miles southeast of
Taejon where a range of hills of
fered a natural defense position.
Whether or not they held this posi
tion would depend upon reinforce
ments and the continued flow of
guns, tanks, and ammunition.
No matter how optimistic a
view an observer was inclined to
take, the situation appeared ser
ious. As has often been the case in
the past, Americans greatly under
rated North Korea’s military
strength and fighting determination.
Facts of the situation indicated:
North Korea had 10 to 15 divisions
—100,000 to 250,000 men, with re
placements handy from the armies
of Communist China when needed.
At least 200 tanks, with replace
ments also available from Russia,
and almost unlimited supplies be
hind the lines in Siberia and in
Manchuria.
United States would need eight
full .divisions, perhaps 250,000 men.
The inadequate supply of tanks and
heavy artillery in the Pacific would
have to be remedied.
The one bright spot in the picture
was the work of the U.S. air force
which had knocked out tanks,
bombed and strafed troop concen
trations and supply lines, and driv
en the North Korean planes from
the air.
But military observers pointed
out that air power will greatly in
crease the chances of victory, but
d war, as has been the
all wars, will be won by the
who fights through mud
rain and cold and heat. The
foot soldier has not been replaced
with push-button warfare, as yet.
McCarthy:
Called a Liar
Senator Joseph McCarthy, who
has had more front-page publicity
in the American press than any one
man in a number of years, has
made the front pages again, but
not to his liking.
The senator, still screaming
charges of communism in the state
department, was called a liar by
three Democratic members of
a senate investigating subcommit
tee.
Reporting their conclusions from
a four-month inquiry, they attacked
the Wisconsin Republican in terms
of harshness rarely used in the
senate’s history. They accused him
of conscious falsehood and of serv
ing the interests of the Communists
by raising baseless suspicion among
the people of the country.
They cleared every person Mc
Carthy accused of being a Com
munist.
Hie Republican members of the
subcommittee, Senators Hicken-
looper and Lodge, declined to sign
the report.
The Democrat members termed
McCarthy’s Charges “a fraud and a
hoax perpetrated on the senate of
the .United States and the American
people."
Itieir report said, in part:
"They (McCarthy’s charges) rep
resent perhaps the most nefarious
campaign of half truths and un
truth in the history of this republic.
For the first time in our history
we have seen the totalitarian tech
nique of the big lie employed on a
sustained basis.
"The result has been to confuse
and divide the American people,
at a time when they should be
strong in their unity, to a degree
far beyond the hopes of the Com
munists themselves, whose stock
in trade is confusion and division."
SOVIET UNION:
An Olive Branch
Although no official announce
ment has been made, it is believed
in many quarters the Soviet Union
has offered terms for settling the
Korean war. It is a bloody and wilt
ed branch the Russians are hold
ing out to the United Nations.
After the sugar coating of diplo
matic language is penetrated, it
seems Russia would be wiking to
call off the affair after China is
seated in the United Nations.
Lt. General Walton H. Walk
er, a tank expert from Texas
and commander of the Eighth
Army, has been named to the
top command post in Korea.
Walker gained fame as com
mander of the 20th corps in
Patton’s Third Army.
MOBILIZATION:
Is It Near?
Many observers are wondering
if complete mobilization of this
country’s manpower and industrial
strength is in prospect for the near
future. Some believe it is, unless
the world situation takes a sudden
and unexpected turn for the better.
Within a matter of hours after
this writing. President Truman was
expected to go before congress and
outline for the American people
steps deemed urgent to cope with
the Korean war. He was also sched
uled to speak over a nation-wide
radio hookup and tell Americans
just where we stand.
One official predicted the Presi
dent would:
1. Request new military funds or
contract authorizations totaling
$5,000,000,000 to $6,000,000,000.
2. Propose legislation authorizing
160,000 more men for the army
above the present legal limit of
837,000 and 60,000 more for the
Navy, which now cannot exceed
666,882. An increase may also be
ordered for the 502,000-man air
force.
HOME FRONT:
Controls Likely
Observers on the home front are
predicting limited controls to back
up an intensified military campaign
in Korea.
At this writing the controls had
not been asked for, but observers
pointed out that anti-inflationary
action was becoming more urgent
with each day. They predicted
President Truman would ask for
them within a very short time.
A request for higher taxes, to
cover an expected jump in mili
tary spending, was held to be in
evitable.
Government officials were pre
dicting privately that President
Truman would ask congress:
1. Power to allocate—by volun
tary means, or more drastic mea
sures if necessary—steel and a few
other basic metals.
2. Authority to put quantity ceil
ings on the production of automo
biles, television and radio sets and
other civilian products consuming
large quantities of metal, so that
the demands of these industries will
not interfere with arms production
or create a "gray market" in
prices.
3. Restoration of consumer credit
controls. By tightening up on easy-
payment credit for automobiles and
other consumer goods, it is hoped
that some of boom-level buying de
mand may be removed from the
market.
LABOR:
Mobilization Urged
At least one labor leader, Wil
liam Green, president of the
American Federation of Labor, has
demanded all-out preparedness for
any eventuality, including moboli-
zation of labor.
"We find ourselves facing a situ
ation with the implication of a third
world war .... If war is localized
now, we know it is only a question
of time until the inevitable happens.
Only adequate preparedness can
safeguard us," Green said.
He added: "We cannot send our
soldier to the fighting front with
out training equipment and regu
lar supplies .... We must pro
vide quick transportation which will
increase mobility .... There will
be no side lines secure from bomb
ing .... There must be mobiliza
tion of labor."
Electoral College
In what observers believe to be
one of the strangest line-ups in
modern political history, the house
killed, 210 to 134, the proposal that
would have made a presidential
election more nearly reflect the
popular vote.
The senate approved the consti
tutional amendment last spring.
The measure needed a twc thirds
vote. Had it passed, it would have
needed approval by states.
As the Korean war roared into
its fourth week much of the news
was being made on the home front
in the form of profits and prices.
Government agencies announced
after-tax profits of American manu
facturing firms as a whole were
nearly five percent higher in the
first quarter of 1950 than in the
fourth quarter of 1949.
At the same time the prices of
foods, especially meat and coffee,
took an upward swing that made
many consumers catch their
breaths.
At least one congressman. Rep
resentative Klein of New York, de
manded an investigation of high
living costs and profiteering. He
went so far as to charge bakers
and dairies with "soaking the con
sumer without conscience."
"Meat prices are threatening to
turn this country into a nation of
vegetarians and ruin the cattle
raising states," he said.
Also on the economic front, the
Federal Reserve Board said pre
liminary figures show that indus
trial production reached a new
postwar peak in June.
Production was estimated at about
one percent higher than the pre
vious postwar peak of October-No-
vember, 1948, and 17 percent above
the level of June, 1949.
Some highlights on the net pro
fits report:
1. After-tax profits were $100,-
000,000 higher in first-quarter 1950
than the preceding quarter, but
unchanged from the 1949 first-quar
ter mark of $2,400,000,000.
2. The rate of return on stock
holders’ equity was 12 percent in
first-quarter 1950 against 11.6 in
last .year's fourth quarter and 12.8
In its first-quarter.
3. Dividend payments to stock
holders totaled $1,000,000,000 against
$1,700,000,000 in last year's fourth
quarter and $900,000,000 in first-
quarter 1949.
4. Profits per dollar of sales rose
to 6.2 cents from 6 in last year’s
fourth quarter and 6.1 in its first
quarter.
5. Setasides for federal - income
taxes amounted to $1,500,000,000 in
both the 1950 and 1949 first in
fourth-quarter 1949.
EDUCATION:
No One Flunks
A new trend in education—100
percent promotion of pupils in the
lower grades—is reported by edu
cators.
Educators won’t come right out
and say no one flunks any more
in the lower grades on the ground
that some elementary pupils still
need the threat of failing to spur
them on, but it’s true that fewer
are flunking.
The new trend seems to be based
on four points:
1. Little is learned by repeat
ing.
2. Failure merely discourages and
does not aid pupils.
3. There is no reliable way of
determining failures.
4. Real failures cannot do the
work, no matter how often they re-'
peat.
This is a long jump from the days
of reading, writing and arithmetic
and the rule of the hickory stick.
The educators sum up their re
port:
“Nonpromotion is an admission
of an inadequate school program
and has no place in a school where
children are motivated properly and
work to the level of their capaci
ties.
"What is looked on as a pupil
failure may be a teacher, super
visor, or administrator failure."
Into Battle
4
; i.,: Mm
- k .* ^ c
■ iiM
MmmM -
mm'****' '' %
The realities of the Korean
war were impressed on Ameri
cans in every walk of life as
this country’s soldier went into
action in Korea. Scenes like
the one above were grim re
minders to Americans that the
foot soldier is still the work
horse of war. A group of U.S.
soldiers above are nearing the
front.
HENRY WALLACE:
What Now, Little Man?
Henry Wallace, who calls himself
a progressive but who has been the
darling of the Communist press
since his visit to Russia, now finds
himself consigned to the ranks of
Wall Street buccaneers by the Daily
Worker.
Observers are wondering what
will be the next utterance of this
muddled thinker who was once tha
Vice-President of the United States
and greatly liked?
FAREWELL SCENE • . . Many Americans stationed in Japan set
sail for the short run across Tsushima straits from Fukuoka to join
fighting in Korea. The Japanese look upon the G.l.’s as friends
rather than occupation troops and wish the warriors welL A group
of women are shown weeping and waving farewell as a group of
U.S. troops leave Japan to join their fellow warriors in the fight
for Korea.
U.S. BOMBER BURNS IN KOREA ... An American bomber, one
of the planes destroyed during the battle in the Suwon area that fell
to the Red invading troops, burns on the Suwon airstrip. This , oc
curred as American and South Korean air and land successes were
reported against the invading North Korean army. Air action was
aimed at halting the onrushing Communist armor, with a major
battle shaping up in the Chonan sector, 26 miles north of the rail
center of Taejon.
MEW*
CLASSIFIED
nEPARTMrar
AUTOS, TRUCKS A ACCESS.
•
ASKS JAP AID . . . Senator Hom
er E. Capehart (R., Ind.) has
written to President Truman ask
ing the President to ask for U.N.
approval to use Japanese troops in
the fight against North Korea.
KILLED IN RAID . . . Leading a
detective raid on a hideaway al
legedly used by her husband.
Mrs. Andrea Gebr was shot to
death near Brewster, N. Y., and
her husband, Herbert Gehr, N. Y
photographer, was taken into cus
tody at Armonk. Gehr was in
volved in divorce battles.
DEATH CAME . . . Dead In the
fields where he had been working
lies this unnamed South Korean.
His fingers are sloped back grace
fully toward his palms as if he
had just let slip the reins of a
plowhorse. His face is rough and
bearded.
ti -m a*: --* } < v4 f v'J
RETREAT TACTICS ... A guard of the South Korean army is
shown standing at the south end of a bridge, vital to the defense of
South Korea, with several packages of dynamite lying about on the
ground near bis feet.
SCREEN STAR CONFERS . . . Movie actress CoUeen Townsend and
Paul F. Heard, executive secretary of the Protestant film commis
sion, discuss script of "Again Pioneers," in which Miss Townsend will
star. Looking on at left is Oren W. Evans, west coast director of the
commission. The film has as its subject migrant workers and their
problems. Miss Townsend recently abandoned her position as a star
in Hollywood with a major movie company to take up religious work.
WOUNDED G.I. ... A wounded
G.I. lies on the ground somewhere
in Korea, having a cigarette lit
for him by a first aid worker,
after having his wounded hand
treated and dressed. He awaits
removal to a nearby first aid sta
tion. *
DENIES LOVE AFFAIR . . . Col.
John E. Baird talks with report
ers as he arrives in San Francisco
from Korea to deny a convicted
Korean woman spy for the Reds
was his girl friend. He said she
worked In his office.
Embarrassed Senators
T HE FOLLOWING incident took
place on the senate floor, but
was not reported in the congression
al record.
The continuation of the draft act
was before the senate for a vote.
Three of the strongest isolationists
James Kem of Missouri, George
Malone of Nevada and Arthur
Watkins of Utah, all Republicans—
huddled with floor leaders.
"Don’t embarrass us," they whis
pered. "We don’t want a record
vote. Just the ayes and nays."
Whereupon Oregon’s Wayne Morse
stomped back to fellow Republican
Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts and
said in a loud whisper: "The nerve
of those guys!"
Lodge, getting the cue, immed
iately demanded a record vote.
When the roll was called, all three
—-Kem, Malone and Watkins—
meekly voted "aye."
Korean Contrasts
The following four incidents hap
pened in widely separated parts of
the world, but they may have signif
icant bearing on each other:
1. U.S. troops in Korea reported
that they knocked out a North Kor
ean tank; the Korean crew jumped
out, their clothes on fire, and the
Americans tried to get them to sur
render. But the Koreans rejoined
their own forces and kept on fight
ing. "I used to have contempt for
them," said a high American com
mander, "but I was mistaken ’*
2. In the U.S. senate. Lodge, Re
publican of Massachusetts, pro
posed two billion dollars more in
arms aid to the world.
3. General Eisenhower, request
ing more money for the Voice of
America, said: "All the armies in
the world are no good without mor
ale.
4. The senate appropriations com
mittee, one day after Eisenhower,
Gen. George Marshall, Bernard
Baruch, Gen. Bedell Smith, and
Gen. David Sarnoff of RCA had
emphasized the importance of
Voice of America propaganda, pro
ceeded to scorn the above advice.
The committee lopped $13,000,000
off the state department’s 1951 bud
get, and $1,300,000 off the Voice of
America. ;
Meanwhile, in Korea, tough,
propaganda-fed North Koreans con
tinued to cut through demoralized,
unpropagandized South Koreans like
a warm knife through butter.
Wfd’s Wo|H
A better way to tell the American
story ^to the rest of the world is
something this columnist has beeh
harping oh tor five long years—
probably to the boredom of a lot of
readers.
Propaganda, of course, is a word
used to cover a great many mean
ings, and to some people it means
angled news, deliberately twisted
to put across a certain cause. But
the best propaganda is the truth.
And the most powerful weapon to
make people think you are doing
good is to do good.
But while we have been doing a
great deal of good through the Mar
shall plan and in many other ways,
we have failed to tell people the
truth about that good. Thus the
wheat we sent to France and Italy
went onto the normal channels of
trade, brought in revenue for those
governments, balanced their bud
gets, and kept them in power. But
the American people got little or
no credit.
By contrast, in 1947, when the
United States actually was supply
ing 90 per cent of the wheat used
by the French people, the Soviet
government landed ope cargo of
wheat in Marseilles. The wheat was
carried in an American lend-lease
ship, and the Russians required the
French to pay in dollars, while our
wheat was given away. Yet, by
staging a parade through Marseil
les, the Russians created the im
pression they were the only nation
coming to the rescue of the hungry
people of France.
This was partly what inspired
the friendship train. Organized on
the west coast so that it could
cross the continent and be a gen
uine contribution by the American
people, newsreels of the train’s prog
ress were sent to western Europe
in advance and shown in the motion
picture theaters there, to give the
people concrete evidence of how
Americans from every walk of life
were anxious to contribute to their
welfare.
Propaganda doesn’t have to be
carried by radio or by the printed
word. The best and most wholesome
forms of propaganda are by person
al contact.
Congressional Penny-Pinchers
This is about what the Republican
80th congress did four years ago
when the senator who is now urging
increased funds for propaganda
was assistant secretary of state.
William Benton, now senator from
Connecticut, was put in charge of
the state department’s Voice of
America.
Benton had been able to sell top
businessmen enough propaganda
ideas to make him a wealthy man.
But when it came to selling moss*
backed congressmen he failed.
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*
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urjm
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VOOUBLM
FOR 1XTWA
a-
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ARRESTED
A Headache Dae To Gnstipaties
When la
Donbt
BUT
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GENERATION GENERATION
Has used LANE’S PILLS
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WNU—7
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checks
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odor
THE
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No harsh chemicals or irritating
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mnHk—h^dMaSa^n^BfiB