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THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY. S. C, WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS West Asks Reds for Peace Effort; Pact Nations Would Rearm Italy; Costliest Steel Strike Terminated (EDITOR’S NOTE: When eplnlone ere expressed In thee columns, the, are these ef Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts end net neeesssrily sf this newspaper./ Air-Sea Confliet r ’S EASY to understand why the air admirals are boiling mad at unification. To some extent you have to sympathize with them. What they can't forget is that Cor years the navy’s airmen had to Sight the battleship admirals and now, just as the airplane carrier has come into its own, they find themselves stymied by unifies* tftflB. The admirals who put up this long running-fight with the old- Sashloned battleship admirals in clude such brilliant officers as Gerald Bogan, Arthur Radford, L. T. Sprague and Jack Towers, now retired. Thirty years ago, just out ml Annapolis, they went into the relatively new naval aviation as Silers and worked up to the top. They were convinced that the fu ture of the navy lay in the air. They had the courage to believe this even at a time when most of Che admirals swore that nothing •mild ever sink a battleship. During the recent campaign in the Pacific, Admiral Sprague had the ranking admirals tak ing orders from him. Because operating carriers in battle formation, with their network •f protecting airplanes and de stroyers, is such a skilled job, Sprague, a junior, was in com mand. When the squadron put Into Pearl Harbor or any other base, the senior admirals, un trained in carrier battle forma tion, then took over. With the war over and the battle ship being laid up in mothballs, naval aviation at long last ap peared about to achieve full recog- Bition. Whereupon congress passed Hie unification act, and with it, the chief air responsibility went to file air force. No wonder the air admirals are indignant! • • • Naval Carriers Heroes The full story of the navy’s air plane carriers was one of the most heroic of the war, and the heroism was even greater because of a serious defect discovered in the carriers after the navy had built Boost of them. . This defect — like most of the navy’s trouble—was due to faulty engineering and bad planning. Airplane - carrier designers had failed to take into consideration the possibility that decks were vulner able and that once the deck of a carrier was tom up, no plane could take off. The Japs, however, soon discov ered this. The result was that sui cide Jap fighter planes dived for the deck of carrier after carrier With deadly casualties. Entirely aside from the tragic loss of life, •o many carriers were put out of commission that they had to be •ent all the way through the Pana ma canal to the Atlantic coast for repairs. The west coast yards were too fulL e e e Okinawa Losses At one time during the battle of Okinawa, virtually all of the navy's Carriers were either en route back to the U. S. for repairs or en route to battle after being repaired. The shipyards at Pearl Harbor were fulL The west coast yards were at capacity, and the east coast yards had to handle the overflow—despite the extra time necessary to carry the limping vessels through the Panama canal. Thus one Jap suicide plane could put a carrier out of commission for four to six months. The British, foreseeing this, •quipped their carriers with •rmored decks. Toward the end of the war, new American carriers were also built with armored decks. But it took a long time for the navy to wake ■p to Its mistake. Experience in the Pacific proved that carriers were at their peak effectiveness in making surprise raids on the enemy. If carriers had to stay in one place, as at Oki nawa, they suffered unmercifully. But If they could sneak up on the Japanese mainland under cover of night, make their attack at dawn, and then retreat, their losses were much less. • • • Leyte Battle Blunder It was the battle of Leyte, where carriers also played an important part, which convinced many navy men that unification was neces- •ary. Divided American command and a Japanese feint almost proved disastrous for U. S. ships. The command in the battle of Leyte was divided as follows. Gen eral MacArthur commanded not only the army but the western fleet under Adm. Tom Kincaid. It was Kincaid’s job to protect the landing of MacArthur’s troops. The rest of the fleet was under Admiral Nimitz who had delegated the im mediate command to Admiral Hal- •ey. Halsey was supposed to keep Kincaid advised at all times of his movements, but not take orders from him. His telephone lacked enough range. PEACE TRY: Reds Asked In Russia’s Andrei Vishlnsky had said, in effect, to United Nations members: Set up an atomic con trol system of periodic inspection of manufacture and materials, and Russia will let you in to inspect Monday, Wednesday, Friday, this week and next week—but instead you want to inspect from minute to minute, day by day, week by week. THE U. N. didn’t go for that Russia, its members claimed, was referring only to declared manu facture and materials, but what of the "hidden and undeclared” production and stockpiles. Vishin- aky got nowhere with his proposaL Then, the U. N. turned around, placed the shoe of warmongering on the foot upon which they felt it belonged. The United States and other western powers called upon Russia to stop its “campaign of hate” and cooperate in a 12-point program for peace. The 12 points were: Stop threat ening or using force contrary to the U. N. charter. Stop interfering with the independence of any other country and the fomenting of civil strife. Carry out in good faith all international agreements Afford all U. N. bodies full cooperation. Promote full freedom of religion and political expression and full respect of all other fundamental rights. Promote higher standards of living for all peoples. Remove information barriers. Participate fully in the U. N.’s work. Settle international disputes peacefully. Cooperate in armaments controL Agree to exercise national sover eignty jointly with other nations to attain international control of atomic energy. Urge five big pow ers to broaden their cooperation in the security council of the U. N., and to exercise restraint in using the veto. THE FIRST REACTION of those conversant with Russian policy as it has been manifest thus far must have wondered if the western pow ers had taken complete leave of their senses i(i making any such proposal to Moscow. They might as well have asked the Russians to turn over the Kremlin to the Christian Endeavor society, enroll Joe Stalin as a Boy Scoutmaster, and to turn the politburo into a Sunday choral society. Even a kindergarten child would have known better than to expect Soviet agreement to any of the 12 points. STRIKE ENDS: Steel Costliest America's costliest steel strike ended, appropriately enough on Armistice day, with the CIO steel workers winning demands for an industry-financed insurance-pen sion formula. THE CAPITULATION of U. S. steel, bellwether of the industry as regards labor relations, brought an end to the crippling strike. Four smaller firms settled on the same terms the same day, terms which followed the pattern ac cepted by Bethlehem steel, first big company to sign with the union. According to a CIO spokesman, the union-company agreement em bodied such terms as a minimum $100 monthly pension to workers aged 65 with 25 years service, with the employer paying all the cost, and an insurance program, costing five cents an hour per man, with the company and work er sharing the cost. FARM RATS: A Formula The farmers in the Rio Grande tomato fields were beginning to get results in their interminable war on rats after garnishing their crops with poisoned grain. A FEW WEEKS AGO the rats were swarming into tomato and green pepper fields near La Grul- la. Tex. TTiey spread methodically up and down the Rio Grande until the invasion covered a 15-mile strip, one to two miles wide in places. Farmers lost first pickings completely in several fields. Then they began to dust their crops with poisoned grain. Said grower Ralph Jones: "That poison sure does the business. It’s stopped the losses.” But not before serious damage was done to 2,000 irrigated and cultivated acres. U.S. PAY ROLL: Tops 10 Billion United States government opera tional expense, long in the astro nomical bracket, had reached a total annual figure of 10 billion, 200 million dollars. That figure, in the aggregate, is almost meaning less to the average American. But broken down to show how it af fects the individual, it could be brought very much home to the taxpayer. It was costing each American $227 per capita. Prize Winner Dr. William F. Glanqne, 54, professor at the University of California, was a Nobel prise winner for his work in the study of entropies. The entropy of a compound determines whether a chemical reaction can take place. ITALY: New Weapons Experience, though a hard teacher, is supposed to teach well. In international events, however, this doesn’t always follow. FOR INSTANCE, Italy, two-time foe of the democracies in as many world wars, will be rearmed soon if top-planners of the Atlantic pact countries have their way. Dis cussions looking toward rearming the Italians under the Atlantic pact already were underway between high-ranking U. S. and Italian mili tary officers and diplomats. James C. Dunn, U. S. ambassa dor to Italy, attended the first of a series of closed sessions aimed at modernizing and re-equipping Italy’s treaty-limited armed forces under the Atlantic pact’s defense system. ITALY’S RECORD in connection with disservice to the democracies smells to high heaven. In World War I the country started out with Germany and the Central Powers and turned coat only when it was evident her side was losing. In World War II, she started out with II Duce Mussolini and forsook him only when it became apparent shr was on the wrong horse again. RAILS: Fares Up The third tare Increase tor east ern railroads in the past three years has been authorized by the interstate commerce commission. The increase this time amounted to a 12.5 per cent hike in rail passenger fares in the East, esti mated to give the railroads anoth er 37.8 million dollars a year in revenue. THE RISE applies to the area east of the Mississippi river and north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers. Commuter fares were not to be affected. In 1947 these same roads were granted a 10 per cent boost in passenger fares, and last year another hike of approximately 17 per cent Southern and western railroads did not apply for the in crease granted the eastern roads. THE NEW RATES, It was said, would raise eastern coach fares to about 3.37 cents a mile, and parlor-car and sleeping-car fares to about 4.5 cents a mile. In New York, a railway official said the new increase would boost one-way coach fares from New York to Chicago from $27.30 to $30.75. First class fares would b« raised from $36.35 to $40.89. A-BOMBS: Men at Work According to a British-licensed Berlin newspaper, the Telegraf, Russians are operating a plant near Berlin to produce explosives used solely for making atomic bombs. THE PAPER, giving no authori ty for the source of its informa tion declared, nevertheless, that the plant where the explosives are being made is the peoples’ owned Teerchemie plant in Erkner, sub urban east Berlin. The newspaper story said 600 workers were em ployed on the project It said the plant produced a chemical called “carbazol” which the paper described as highly ex plosive. Rocket With ‘Brain’ The U. S. air force appeared ready to hold its own in the guided missile department. It announced it had a rocket-propelled guided missile with “human intelligence” in tracking and destroying enemy aircraft Launched from a “mother” Jet fighter plane the missile, named the “Firebird,” is capable of head ing off and destroying its objective in a matter of seconds. SWEDEN Talks Back The United States senate, col lectively and individually, has been called by some colorful and lurid names—but it remained for some Swedish editors to hurl the most devastating blast at that au gust body. A SWEDISH NEWSPAPER, the liberal afternoon Expressen, had this to say: “The U. S. senate is certainly a high assembly, but it is also a dumping place for all sorts of quaint characters and the most ig norant politicans from the dark- I est corners of the union. And it must be pretty dark in Oklahoma.” The shaft was aimed, really, at Oklahoma’s Senator Thomas, a Democrat, who was critical of the way Sweden had received a sen ate appropriations subcommittee visiting Marshall plan countries to see how U. S. funds were being used. Sweden, it appeared, had re ceived quite a bit of Marshall plan aid, but had sort of “snubbed” Thomas and his committee. Thom as declared the country to which he “referred” in his criticism, ex pressed in Vienna, “had helped no one in the past 135 years,” and if it got any more Marshall plan funds, it would be over his pro test. The “QUAINT CHARACTERS" and “most ignorant politicians” the Swedes referred to in the sen ate, or who had ever been a mem ber of it, included some right in fluential fellows who might have much to say about continuing Marshall plan aid — among them. President and former Senator Har« ry S. Truman. GERMANY: Gl's to Stay Russia might do as she pleased about occupying Germany, but the western allies intend to keep their troops in that country whether or not the Russians pull out. THAT was the statement of a west German government spokes man who indicated this was one of the decisions reached at the big three Paris conference. U. S. secretary of state Dean Acheson and German chancellor Konrad Adenauer had agreed upon the need for keeping western troops in Germany. This same spokesman said the appointment of Soviet Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky as com mander-in-chief of the Polish army was construed to mean that Rus sian troops would be withdrawn from caster a Germany soon. EVEN THOUGH the Russians should withdraw their troops, this same source said, the Russian secret police and the Soviet-trained German people’s police still would remain. THE PRESS: 285th Year With technicalities waived, the Official London Gazette, beginning its 285th year of continuous publi cation understandably laid claim to being the world’s oldest news paper. THE twice - weekly government paper began publication in 1665 during the great plague which rav aged London. Since that time it has been the appointed organ for dissemination of all “announce ments of the chief executive.” The paper is issued each Tues day and Friday with official an nouncements from Buckingham palace. Number 10 Downing street, official residence of the prime min ister, and government depart ments. And it never publishes much else. Flannel Queen Darlene Towns, 16, who was crowned “red flannel” queen by Michigan Governor G. Men- nen Williams, is shown here attired in her red flannel nightie. Governor Williams called the square dances at what has become an annual Michigan event. FREE TOUR: All on a Bet A 48-state, penniless tour of this country—could anyone do it? A 30-year old Los Angeles vet eran, who used the fictitious name, Paul Clark, did it. He did it on a bet to prove the extent of Ameri can people's hospitality. And in doing it, he won a bet of $4,800 from a friend. He kept his identi ty secret, he said, as part of the wager which he’d made. Other cob- ditions were not discussed TRUMAN DAY IN MINNESOTA . . . Minnesota’s Republican governor, Luther W. Youngdahl (left), presents a book telling the story of his state to President Truman in St. Paul as the President joined officially in Minnesota’s centennial observation. Said the governor, “The Presi dent really smiled as though he did not realize he was in a Republican state.” Truman wore the coat of a Minnesota state policeman at the ceremony. NOBEL PRIZE WINNER . . . Dr. WUHam F. Giauque, professor of chemistry at the University of California, won the 1949 prise for chemistry. It was for his work in entropies — study of reaction in compounds — that he was given the award. CLASSIFIED department FARM MACHINERY * EQUIP. NEW. M*del “1’’ Olb*M traetw. 11:00* 38 lire*, Hercules 40-hp. engine, complete with belt pulleys, $1,500 delivered. E. J. Smith a Jen. ci.. ilSO Elisabeth At*. Charlotte, N.C. Phene 8-3S4I. NEW Jaqoee ’self propelled power sawe espjecially designed l°r P»»tu r a !, I ?O ro t Ing. Now $295. Diesel MZCaterplllar k excellent condiUon, also RD 7 rake Dlaoo Padgett's Garage Ne. Pla. Ato., Lakeland, Fla. FARMS AND RANCHES FOR SALE: Improved farms and acre age. North central Florida. gene LESLIE. Realtor Madison, Fla. Phene *»771___ OLD AGE has about got me and I wilt seU at low price a me* 9-acre lot on banks of beautiful Suwanee Florida, near paved hwy. and also have lot on top of one of JJnest north Georgia, near the gold field* an# Is 100 yds. or so from paved hwy.Botl» for $1,850. Phene AT. *r mall ag gress Snwane* Biver, Bex !®$» Atlanta 1. Ga. MACHINERY AND SUPPLIES mmmted ’^my* halftrack, SSffl ;?, n ^ 1 , 0 d n .n W s r . 1 , t .%«° r S , .^ta^:^ lt Ap»*h l :^ M ’ ••UKE” CONGRATULATES WINNER . . . Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, president of Columbia university, congratulates Dr. Hldeki Yukawa, visiting professor of physics, just named winner of the 1949 Nobel prize in physics. Yukawa, who becomes the first Japanese to win a Nobel prize, in 1935 announced a new particle now known as meson and de clared it responsible for special properties of forces holding the atomic nucleus together. His discovery startled the scientific world. SEES RED DOWNFALL... Alex ander Kerensky, president of gov ernment that overthrew czai and was overthrown by Bolshevism, predicted during a Paris visit that communism too will be over thrown in Russia. He anticipates the victory of democracy. . ... - - THE EARLY BlRPfAVS/ -Noosunissriesf flows’ Holiday -sckvice . •SO MAIL bight AHP MAIL tr/uny > FOB CrtmcTAUS/ He __ . eTunHst? MARMP "msvfficish. POSTAGE » -TtW RATf FOg USSFAIFO CHUfTMA* CATO# WEHTUP 70 2 Tkllf Y** R 'The *6ELF OPEllltJG PACKAGE — LOOKS' 1»R*77y, BUT RIBBOMS AND PAPER SUP OTP AT 7HS VUdHTEFT ■EyeuiE. Umrcapasle Apprk#- HAHPWElTlHS HA# CHARACTER, BIT HO LESlBIUTy — OR MAYBE SEMPER# MEMORY WAS HAZY, AMP -tHERl * HO SUCH STREET Postmaster (Sfmerai M. PQdAUttOrt S4/S-’ (THE postal service | MUST SORT, -TRAHfPORT AMP DELIVER OVER S.OOO.OOO.OOO PACKA6E# AMP CHRISTMAS | CARPS THIS DECEMBER- so mail eARty/ SNF you*. MAIL . CAARItA A BREAK/ * V y/. 'The ProcrasiiiIator- WOHDERS WHY PRlEHDS SMUB HIM OH CHRISTMAS — FIND# CHRISTMAS CARDS IM UlS OVERCOAT POCKET OH OK-26 VICTIM ... Wei Huan Kno, U. N. employee, was found stabbed to death in a New York hotel beside a woman, also a knife victim. Po lice do not know which was the murderer and which was the ant* cide. The woman was a translator. CLOSE SQUEEZE . . . Patricia Robinson gives Robert Collins, Los Angeles paper carrier, a hug for saving her life in gas-filled home. Robert smelled the gas and ! called the police. Patricia bad turned on a stove jet accidentally. HEIRESS AT HORSE SHOW BALL ... Socially prominent Nancy Oakes enters horse show ballroom at the Waldorf-Astoria hotel in New York with escort Roy Punnett. Miss Oakes is heiress of the multi-million dollar fortune left by her father, the late Sir Harry Oakes, Canadian mining tycoon, whose murder in the Bahamas in 1943 is stilt un solved. 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