Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE NEWBERRY SUN. NEWBERRY, S. C. Heavy Crops Drain Soil of Plant Food Mineral Supply Needed To Restore Fertility Heavy wartime croppings drained twice as much nitrogen from Illinois soils as was put back by fertilizer applications or legume crops, de clares O. L. Whalin, University of Illinois. What was true in Illinois was true of farm soils in numerous other Midwestern states. Approximately 3,300,000 tons of ni trogen were removed from the soil in harvested crops in the 1942-46 period, Whalin points out. But only about 1,500,000 tons of nitrogen were returned to the land. This replace ment included nitrogen in fertilizer applications, plus 60 per cent of the nitrogen in legumes harvested end in sweet clover turned under. The supply of other mineral ele ments was seriously depleted. Whalin estimates that only about half of the phosphorus taken from the soil was replaced. Less than one- thirtieth as much potash was added through commercial 'fertilizers as was removed by harvested crops. “This heavy drain on the soil’s mineral supply," says Whalin, “has reached the point where crop yields on many soils definitely depend on the amount of minerals applied. Ma nure, inoculated legumes, phosphate and potash are required, will main tain and even increase yields on most soils.” Carrying out such a program, he adds, calls for use of lime on much Rich West Virginia mountain lime plant. Lime is sold to the farmers to increase production on crop and pasture land. of the land In order to grow leg umes. Lime should be applied on the basis of soil tests. It should be used from six months to a year be fore legumes are seeded, in order to sweeten the soil. Deep-rooted legumes work in two major ways to improve tilth, re build soil structure and increase the supply of mineralized organic matter. 1 Well-fed legumes such as sweet • clover or alfalfa push their tap roots deep into the soil. These roots open up tightly packed earth be low the plow furrows. Neither wa ter nor air can penetrate such com pacted soil. Crop roots cannot do their job of carrying nutrients to the plant growth “factory” above ground. But when deep-rooted legumes are grown frequently in the rotation, tilth and soil structure are improved. The land becomes loose and easy to work. Channels for air and water and passageways for the roots of following crops are made. 2 Deep-rooted legumes are eflfi- • cient feeders on the soil’s avail able phosphorus and potash. They can forage for these plant foods when other crops will fail. The legumes gather these nutrients into their taproots. When plowed under, these roots put all-important min eralized organic matter down where it should be, readily available for the roots of other crops following in the rotation. Soil Fumigant Stops Work of Nematodes In its war on soil pests, scientific research has forged a fatal new weapon against nematodes, the eel like worms whose burrowing activi ties cause nearly two million acres of farmland in the South to lay idle every year. This weapon is a soil fumigant known as D-D, whose chief component is dichloropro- pane and its use allows repeated plantings year after year of many crops which now are rotated. Martin Is Likely GOP Dark Horse ^ — Contest Between Taft, Dewey Decisive in Republican Race TIGHT SOILS CUT YIELDS NO TAPDOOTEO TAPDOOTEO LE6UME& IN LEGUMES IN DOTATION DOTATION i?? nows •^£3IN AOWfc BAUKHAGE By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. As this is written, the crystal ball gazers say that the 5' 8" black-moustached governor of the Empire State is go ing to be the next President of the United States. Some people will question this, and three, six or more months from now, even my private crystal-gazers may revise their predictions. But the Dewey following is confident, even in the face of the latest Roper poll, which shows that Harold Stassen is the only Republican (now that Eisenhower is out) who could win four out of the six major geographi cal regions of the country from Mr. Truman! The poll says Stassen leads everywhere but in the solid South. Suppose the solid South should split from the Democratic party, as they indicated they might in or der to rebuke the President for his so - called “anti southern” civil rights message which recom mended anti lynch, anti-poll- tax, fair prac tices legislation, which is labelled “pro-Negro” by many southern critics? Well, sup pose that, and as of the date of this poll (February 5), Stassen has it. Still the old-timers stick to their prediction of Dewey, which they make with tears in their eyes, in stead of smoke from the smoke- filled room where decisions are sup posed to be made. I wish that you people could have attended that over-crowded lunch eon at the National Press club when Gen. Dwight Eisenhower spoke and Introduced his successor, Gen. Omar Bradley, as chief of staff. It was a good talk, and yon probably read the report of it. You also probably have read the report of the question and an swer period which General Eis enhower permitted, and which was one of the best news con ferences—that’s what it turned out to be—that I ever have at tended. Members who couldn’t get in were standing up, cocking ears, 12 to 15 deep outside the entrances to the dining room. Naturally some questions dealt with the Eisenhower withdrawal statement issued late in January. The night after the ' Eisenhower withdrawal, which most Republicans and Democrats considered as final, I happened to be with two die hard, right-wing Republicans, who wouldn’t even admit they were as happy as they were. They kept say ing, why couldn’t he have said that much earlier if he meant it, and anyhow he has left a loophole so he can run, if not now, in 1952. I couldn’t see that. I knew a lot of Republicans thought Eisenhower’s letter was an absolutely honest statement, dictated by the reason ing of an honest man, untrained in politics, it is true, but speaking from his heart. There isn’t space to repeat Eisen hower’s long statement in which he said, among other things: “I am not available for and could not accept nomination for high political office. . .. My deci sion ... is definite and posi tive. "The necessary and wise sub ordination of the military to civil power will be best sus tained . . . when lifelong pro fessional soldiers . . . abstain from seeking high political office. ... I would regard it as un alloyed tragedy for our country if ever should come the day when military commanders might be selected with an. eye to their future potentialities in the political field.” General Sherman said: "I will not run if nominated and will not serve if elected.” But what motivated Sherman . . . and Eisenhower? The sincere belief expressed in Eisenhower’s statement that .a man of purely military training wasn’t equipped for the job? (That state ment, as you know, was thrown back at Eisenhower as a sideswipe at Gen. Douglas MacArthur, who has emphatically NOT said that he didn’t choose to run.) I have spoken of the Eisenhower family at some length before in this column. I do not claim to be more than an acquaintance. But, as I said, when General Eisenhower’s statement came over the wire, I was firmly convinced that there wasn’t any equivocation in it. And I am glad that the press and their friends heard Eisenhower answer the ques tions as he did, giving back steel for steel on every throw. There was a big sigh of relief, of course, when the Republican and Democratic leaders knew Eisen hower was out. I felt the same way, but for a different reason. My rea son for being glad that Eisenhower isn’t going to be President—as he would have been on any ticket if he had run—is the same reason he put forth. I have tremendous respect for him, personally, professionally. I am not a professional soldier, but my experience as a wartime soldier is reinforced by an indirect impres sion of military thought which goes back for man* generations in my own family and is kept alive with close personal contacts in the armed services. I simply say this to the voter: You may have a tremendous respect for a man’s military record, but that doesn’t mean you’d call him in if your child had appendicitis. Politics is just as much of a profession as med icine or the law. We need a trained leader in this particular kind of leading. Maybe we will get one. Maybe we won’t. Speaker Joe Martin Universally Popular Stassen has certain qualities of leadership with which he seems to have impressed the people inter viewed by the Roper pollers. But unless Stassen could “sweep the pri maries” — I’m frankly quoting my chief crystal-gazer — he hasn’t a chance at this writing. There doesn’t seem to be a chance of his sweeping the primaries, and anytow there aren’t many states which have adopted this device, which it was thought could beat the “smoke-filled room.” Now, the man who is going to be nominated is the man who wins in the Taft-Dewey contest (always, as of NOW). That doesn’t mean it will be Taft or Dewey. But it does mean .that it will be the man who, although be hasn’t enough votes on this prelim, can pick up enough in dependent votes in later con tests to see him through. At the present writing, it looks as if there were enough of those “changeable” votes to nominate Dewey. If it’s neither Dewey nor Stassen, the wise guys in Washington say it will be none other than Speaker Joe Martin, who never insulted anybody and has more friends in and out of Washington than a winner in a crap game when everyone else is broke. Without ever pulling any rough stuff, Joe Martin has put more peo ple under willing obligation to him than any man I know in congress. For example — when the Taft- Hartley fight was at its hottest, a certain Republican congressman came to Joe and said: “I’m sorry, Joe, I’ve got to bolt. My constitu ency doesn’t want this bill.” Joe didn’t argue. He simply said: “Don’t worry. I understand your situation perfectly. We’ll get the votes anyhow. Forget it.” That man is Joe’s friend for life. Some years ago, a magazine took a secret poll of the Wash ington correspondents to deter mine the most “useful” man in congress. He was to be judged by his “integrity, intelligence, industry and influence.” Joe got the highest vote of anyone in either house or senate. Not long ago there was one of those big parties here; periodically thrown by various visiting firemen. It was a regular stampede, but some way I managed to back Joe Martin into a corner with my two Washington-wise assistants. Joe is a bachelor, and these two women are not lacking in either brains or pulchritude. They’d both met the speaker before, more or less pro fessionally, anyhow rather formally. This wasn’t formal. Neither of them is a born-and-bred Republican. Like me, and all other Washingtonians, they are voteless and more or less neutral between the parties. Both of them fell for Joe Martin hard. And it wasn’t because it is Leap Year and Joe is a bachelor. They are both happily married (the only kind of assistants my wife and I hire). At any rate, Joe Martin is a good dark horse to watch. , V «* ' + MARGARINE STRATEGY . . . Rep. Edward A. Mitchell (Rep., Ind.) acted as host at a capitol luncheon for congressmen and members of women’s leagues who favor repeal of the present taxes on oleomar garine. Donning a chef’s bulging cap, Mitchell demonstrated the process housewives must go through to color their margarine at home. NEWS REVIEW Peril Seen for Tax Cut; Soil Control Row Due Following the first blush of joy <s>- over the spirit of deflation which seemed to have been evoked by the commodity market price slump, U. S? citizens began to realize that complications might set in. Most significant hidden gimmick behind the market skid appeared to be the development that the price decline might, in the words of Sen. Scott Lucas (Dem., 111.), "eliminate all possibility” of income tax re ductions this year. And that apparently was the cau tious but considered opinion of the entire tax-writing senate finance committee, of which Lucas is a member. Sen. Owen Brewster (Rep., Me.), also a finance committee member, expressed a concurring view, point ing out that any appreciable gen eral price decline “certainly would have to be taken into consideration” by Republicans in their tax-cutting plans. Another member of the group, Sen. Harry Byrd (Dem., Va.) said that if a decline of market prices develops into a business recession, it probably would have “a consid erable effect” on tax reduction. “I certainly am not going to vote for any bill that would put the treas ury in a deficit position,” said Byrd. While the senators’ statements re flected a good deal of pussyfooting and at least a temporary surge of indecision with regasd to tax reduc tion in the light of the market slump, it was obvious that they were thoroughly concerned with this turn of events. Theory which set their tax-cutting plans awry is that a continued slump of commodity market prices would bring down the national in come and tax receipts, thus render ing any major tax reduction per ilous. SOIL CONTROL: State or Federal? One of the springtime battles now shaping up in congress will concern the issue of whether the national farm erosion program should be federally or state controlled. Fireworks are scheduled to begin in March when the house agriculture committee opens hearings on a bill sponsored by Rep. Harry D. Cooley (Dem., N. C.) which would turn over the soil conservation program, operated by the agriculture depart ment since 1935, to state land grant colleges. Along with the transfer of author- iety would go about 10,500 depart ment agents who administer the program in about 2,000 districts. That will provide a point of strong controversy, as will the measure’s provision for federal grants to help states foot their soil-saving bills. Pushing the switch from federal to state control most strongly is the national farm bureau, one of the most powerful lobbies in Washing ton, on the grounds that the soil conservation program would ac complish more under state author ity. The federal program has not been as effective as it should be so far, the farm bureau contends. But op ponents of the transfer counter with the argument that the states lack TAFT AID BURDEN: Taft’s Plank Sen. Robert Taft, Ohio’s G.O.P. aspirant to the White House, started off another campaign jog around the West by offering a thoroughly Republican message calculated to appeal to a large portion of the western voters. The United States cannot allow its foreign aid program to jeopard ize freedom at home, he said in Chicago, his first stopping place. “We should not be actuated by purely altruistic desire to improve the condition of a lot of other people who have failed for centuries to do the job themselves. “We want peace and prosperity throughout the world to eliminate a threat to our own freedom, but it is certainly not worth while to adopt a foreign policy so burdensome on our own people that it will destroy at home the very freedom we are try ing to protect.” There was expressed a major plank in Taft’s campaign platform: Careful control of the foreign aid program in the pre-eminent light of how it may effect this nation’s do mestic economy. Also, it was consistent with his activities in congress where he has been making that theory felt with regard to approval of the Marshall plan. U. N. PLUM: To Europe Decision on where the United Na tions will hold its 1948 assembly meeting will mean that some Euro pean city will get a healthy, 50- million-dollar plum tossed in its lap. Because the choice of a site for the coming meeting probably will involve that much money there is a considerable ferment of anxiety in the cities of Paris, Brussels, Geneva or the Hague, principal contenders for the honor. Trygve Lie, U. N. secretary-gen eral, just back from a tour of Euro pean cities, has made a factual re port without actually recommend ing any one spot. He did, however, narrow the field down to those foul cities. The 57 member nations of the general assembly decided at Iasi fall’s session to hold the 1948 parley in Europe, possibly to get away from the scene of their erstwhile rather futile efforts. experience to handle the project satisfactorily. Currently opgrating under an an nual budget of 39 million dollars, federal soil conservation service has 10,500 persons working ith farmers, helping prepare conserva tion plans which the farmers may accept or reject. So far it has prepared conserva tion plans for 476,128 farms cover ing 131,855,608 of the country’s one billion acres of farm land. SCIENCE STILL TRYING Plague Struck 600 Years Ago It was 600 years ago, in 1348, that the Black Death swept ravenously through Europe, killing about 25,- 000,000 persons, to take its place as one of the greatest calamities of all time. Historians estimated that by the end of the century the Black Death —bubonic plague—had killed one- fourth of Europe’s entire population. In China another 13,000,000 died in an outbreak of the disease at about the same time. Even to this day the seeds of bu bonic plague are scattered through out the world. Since 1898 it is esti mated that more than 12,000,000 per sons have died of it in India. Authorities don’t know where or when the plague first began, but some say that epidemic disease mentioned in the Bible can be con sidered “true plague” and traced through history to 1320 B. C. It is believed to have started in lower Egypt, and in a few centuries "spread to the ends of the inhabit able world.” The black rat of Asia, which car ries bubonic plague, probably was introduced into Europe by returning crusaders in the 12th century. They would have multiplied sufficiently to be noticed in Europe within a cen tury, and history books say they ap peared at that time. It wasn’t until around 1900 that it was definitely established that the black rat harbors the disease. The rat is bitten by a flea; the flea then bites a man and transmits the plague to him. In one form the disease even may be communicated between humans. According to the U. S. health serv ice, plague among rodents exists ir many places in the world today, in cluding a great part of this country. Outbreaks have occurred among hu man beings on the west coast, and rodent plague has been reported ai far inland as Kansas. However, offi cials do not fear any outbreak of thi Black Death in the United States. Medical scientists recently hav« discovered that the sulfa drugs ar« valuable in treatment and believ< that the new drug, streptomycin, may prove so also. New and mor« powerful flea and rat killers, includ ing DDT and the poison R-1080, an proving extremely effective. Arts. Mechanics Lure Most G.I.S Average Veteran Student Is 26; Former Army Enlisted Man. WASHINGTON. — The average veteran in training under the G.I. bill of rights is just past 26 years old. He was an enlisted man in the army, had previously completed 3.7 years of high school, and is entitled to 39 months’ training under the bill. This was shown by a recent cen sus of G.I. students, released by Veterans’ administration. The re port showed that while more veter ans are studying liberal arts than any other one course, the favorite occupational aim of those taking on- the-job training is that of mechanic. Thirty-eight per cent of the stu dents, according to the report, are married, and half of them have de pendents — wives, children or par ents. The census, taken on a 1 per cent sampling of all veterans who entered training before April, 1947, showed that 1,825,118 G.I.s are studying in schools of higher learn ing or other institutions, and 619,647 are in on-the-job training. Another 1,049,661 have either finished their training or dropped out. Few Women Students. Not quite 2 per cent of the veter ans in training under the G.I. bill are women, although women com prise 2.2 per cent of the total vet eran population. And, the report showed, women account for 2.4 per cent of the trainees in schools, but only 0.4 per cent of those in job training. Most of the G.I.s in schools are in universities or colleges—907,554 of them, according to the study. But 91,000 are in professional or tech nological schools, 54,700 are in teachers’ colleges and 72,200 are in junior colleges. Of those attending other schools, 61,100 are in technical institutes, 99,400 in business schools, 125,100 in elementary or secondary schools, and 413,300 in vocational or trade schools. Engineering Ranks High. Following liberal arts as the more popular courses among the veterans in schools are engineering, crafts and trades, business courses and business administration, flight train ing, agriculture and medicine. On the bottom of the popularity list is social work—only 3,377 students are studying it under the G.I. bill, ac cording to the census. Second from the bottom is dancing. Most popular employment objec tive of veterans in on-the-job train ing is that of mechanics and repair men for motor vehicles and rail roads, with 56,764 students. Second is the job of farm manager or fore man, and third and fourth are me chanics and repairmen in other fields, and managers and officials. At the bottom of the list among those studying on the job is general woodworking, with airplane me chanics and morticians a close sec ond and third. Farm Mechanization Boosts Production to Record Level OMAHA, NEB. — Americans are harvesting 20 million more acres to day than they did in 1940, although there are three million fewer people doing it, and on 200,000 fewer farms. Fast-growing mechanization of farms is largely responsible for this feat, Joseph A. Hoban, merchandise manager of B. F. Goodrich com pany, told members of Midwest Im plement Dealers association. He cited the fact that the nation’s trac tor “population” had doubled, from one million to two million, just since 1940. Praising "the way America’s farmers and other food producers had come through to ease tragic conditions in many lands,” Hoban cited the following estimates on the nation’s 1947 exports of foodstuffs: 392 million bushels of wheat, five times the amount exported in 1939; 88 million bushels of corn, com pared to 32 million in 1939, and 328 million pounds of meat products, against 193 million in 1939. The farm market offered “the biggest sales opportunity" for. in dustry in 1947, Hoban said, adding that “there is no question that this market is going forward at as great or even greater pace in 1948.” Hoban said that all tractors now made are rubber-tired, and that changing all a farm’s rolling stock from steel to rubber tires produced an average saving of 24 working days and 675 gallons of gasoline per year, for each 150 acres worked. Millionaire Who Backed ‘Death Valley Scotty’ Dead HOLLYWOOD, CALIF.—The man who grubstaked Death Valley Scot ty for 30 years died recently. Albert Mussey Johnson, 72, former presi dent and chairman of the board of the National Life Insurance com pany of Chicago, built Walter E. Scott’s two-million dollar desert castle. Scotty, legend had it, owned a secret desert mine from which he took gold as he chose, but in 1941 a lawsuit revealed that Scotty’s wealth was a myth, that he owned no mine, never sold a dime’s worth of gold and didn’t own the castle he occu pied. “I’ve lent him considerable money over a long time and he has paid me back in laughs,” Johnson once said. Legends Persist Of 'Cursed* Gems Hope Diamond and Black Orloff Have Romantic But Bloody History. NEW YORK.—A White Russian princess named Nadia Vyegin Orloff leaped to her death recently in Rome. A month earlier another princess from the lost empire of the Czars had taken the same way out. Both, said Rome gossip, had once possessed the Black Orloff diamond, which brought death to all who owned it. In all the world today there is probably a bucketful of famous gems that have histories of disaster, death and blood—stories compound ed partly of truth and partly of man’s imagination. Serious - minded mineralogists, gem experts and historians scoff at theories about gems generating tragic events for the owners. None, however, denies that around many of these precious stones dark pages of history have been written, and that because of man’s lust for them gallons of blood have been spilled. Many of the fabled stones were owned by kings and nobles in days when men lived by violent deeds. Gems always have been a stable currency in an unstable world. History of Hope Diamond. - The Blue Hope diamond, for ex ample, has a gaudy history, al though there is still some doubt about its early days. Most authori ties believe it was purchased as an uncut stone in India by a French gem-fancier and traveler named Tavernier. He sold it to diamond- loving Louis XIV of France in the middle of the seventeenth century. By the time weak, ineffectual Louis XVI and his queen, Marie Antoi nette, reached the throne, the Tav ernier blue has been cut into a flash ing gem which was part of the crown jewels. After their deaths, the Hope and the other fabled stones disappeared in one of history’s most dramatic robberies, at the national treasury in Paris in 1792. A gang made off with crown jewels which today would be worth about 20 million dol lars. The Tavernier blue, the Regent and the Sancy diamond were an important part of the loot. Stone Never Found. The big blue never was recov ered, although a number of men were executed or punished for com plicity in the theft. But almost half a century later a stone popped into the market which experts believe was the Tavernier blue, recut to conceal its identity. The brilliant blue stone weighed 44V« carats, and was flawless. It was sold to Henry Thomas Hope for $90,000 and from him passed through a number of hands until it was purchased in 1911 by Edward McLean, former Wash ington newspaper publisher. Reputed to bring hard luck to its owners, the legend of the Hope curse was kept alive, although both McLean and his wife, Evalyn Walsh McLean, famed Washington host ess, died from natural causes. A daughter, Evalyn, died of an over dose of sleeping medicine in 1946. A son, Vincent, was killed in 1918 when he was struck by an automo bile. Lately the Hope, now consigned to a'vault, was valued at $176,920 in the appraisal of Mrs. McLean’s estate. Black Market In Dogs Deals In Mongrels, Stolen Pets LONDON. —‘ With fashionable breeders demanding $100 to $300 for eight-week-old pups, tax-ridden, im poverished Britons who love dogs are exploring London's East End for less expensive pets. Every Sunday morning an open- air dog market is held in Club Row, a narrow, sordid street off the no torious Petticoat Lane. There, shabby sharp-eyed men in tweed caps congregate to offer dogs of all breeds and ages. There’s everything in Club Row from happy-go-lucky mongrels to dignified animals which look like potential show dogs. There are families of scarcely weaned yelping puppies in baskets and dogs so old that their real ages are closely guarded trade secrets. Police keep a watchful eye on Club Row for many of the dogs on sale are likely to have been stolen; Stolen dogs are sold as quickly as possible because police circulate their descriptions Within 24 hours. Buying a stolen dog isn’t the only risk you run when you select a pet in Club Row. He is pretty sure to be either much younger or much older than you were told. He may be afflicted with costly and incurable diseases. He may be blind in at least one eye. He may even be dyed. The salesmen are ex perts in the art of camouflaging dogs. Leering of Customs Agent At Ankle Nabs Smuggler BROWNSVILLE, TEX. — Bill Langford, customs inspector, made an important capture because of a natural urge to look at a pretty ankle. Langford said a woman had passed customs at Laredo. As sh« walked away, he was admiring hex ankles. Then he saw something drop from her skirt. It was a package oi narcotics. Gems of Thought C haracter is a by-product; it is produced in the great manufacture of daily duty.— Woodrow Wilson. • • • Trust not the heart of that man for whom old clothes are not ven~ erahle.—Carlyle. • • • The worst cliques are those which consist of one man.—G. B. Shaw. Step-Saving Shelf Is Simple to Build YXT'HY spend valuable time hunt- ’ * ing for kitchen equipment? This easy to build shelf will sur prise you with its capacity ... it holds almost every needed gadget. A full size pattern is now available that really takes the mystery out of building this shelf. Working with wood provides complete relaxation. 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