Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C. Battle Over Bonds WASHINGTON.—The hottest bat tle orer inflation control is an off stage fight that has nothing to do with the front-paged Truman-con- gress ruckus. This behind-the-scenes tug-of-war Im between the administration and top bankers, and is a lot more Im portant to the country than the noisy congressional row. The banker bat tle is the real crux of the inflation- control issue. Briefly, this is what this key fight to about: The bankers want the govern ment to stop maintaining the price of V. S. bonds at par. These are not the E, F and G aeries savings bonds, which have nothing to do' with this con troversy. These bonds are liter ally what they are called—sav ings bonds. They are the same as greenbacks. They are non- marketabie and can be cashed any time for their specified value. The bonds the bankers are talking about are the various short- and long-term issues that are marketable. The great bulk of these bonds are held by banks, insurance companies and corporations. The bankers contend that a root cause of inflation and high prices is too much money. Money in circula tion in the U. S. today is three times the amount in 1940. The bankers hold that the way to counteract this tremendous volume of money is to tighten up on bank loans. And the most effective way to do that, they assert, is for the government to stop underpinning marketable govern ment bonds and permit them to reach their “natural” level In recent weeks, marketable gov ernment bonds have evinced marked weakness. They have sold off con siderably from previous high prices. Tliere is no question that, if the fed eral reserve system withdrew its support of these bonds, they would nosedive. Administration financial leaders are dead set against the bankers’ demand. 0 0 0 Theory vs. Actuality During the London conference one U. S. delegate confided to a friend that "we have been scared stiff for fear the Russians would take us up on our plan for unifying Germany. If they did, I don’t know where we’d be.” Fortunately, the Russians weren’t smart enough and the Lon don conference of foreign ministers ended in a stalemate—exactly what the United States wanted. In other words, the U. S. has put Itself in the unenviable posi tion of not wanting a peace treaty for Germany—the same obstructionist position it has ac cused Russia of occupying for the last two years. All this boils down to the fact that General Marshall is convinced that, once the four zones of Germany are unified, the Russians will soon domi nate all Germany. Thus, for two long years, the U. S. has been harp ing on the idea of unifying Germany and now we are worried sick for fear it will be unified. This reversal of position to some extent is a reflec tion on ourselves—by at least 50 per cent It boils down to two facts: I We know the Russians have • done a better Job politically in their zone than we have in ours. This doesn’t mean that the Germans love them but it does mean that the Russians have carefully built up a German army, trained to take or ders from Moscow. Also, they have indoctrinated some thousand able German leaders with enough Com munist allegiance to gradually take over the other zones of Germany once Germany is unified. 2 We know from experience that • the Russians will be absolutely ruthless in opposing the U. S., once Germany is unified. In other words, theoretically, American newspapers then would circulate in the rest of Germany but they wouldn’t — they would disappear in sewers. Se, despite weeks of London de liberations the United States, Ger many and Russia are right back where they started at Potsdam in the summer of 1945. • • • Chinese Probe Members of the bouse committee on executive expenditures are pri vately eyeing the big Chinese lobby that came close to writing a 60 mil lion dollar handout for the Chiang Kai-shek government into the Presi dent’s bill for emergency relief for Europe. The lobby did succeed in snagging 18 million dollars for Chiang. To date, the U. S. has given and lent the Chiang government over five billion dollars. The state department estimates that there are 200 Chiang agents and propagandists now in the U. S. While congress was considering the emer gency relief bill, the capital liter ally swarmed with Chinese. At a senate appropriations committee hearing, some 20 Chinese milled around the committee's chamber. Members of the expenditures committee are very curious about how this Chiang lobby is being fi nanced. Also, who organized it and who is running it. Finer Plants Result By Use of Gout Drug Secretary Anderson Tells o) Hope for Future. WASHINGTON.—A drug used to treat gout in humans will produce finer plants “that otherwise would be impossible,” Secretary of Agri culture Anderson has announced. He did not identify the drug. “In the future, on the same land we have today, fewer farmers will furnish greater abundance for more people.” he said. "The matchless science of agriculture already en ables the average farm worker to turn out nearly two-thirds more than he did 20 years ago. “We shall have increasingly bet ter crop varieties, including more hybrids. Scientists will create im proved varieties to resist new strains of disease and insects that continually threaten our crops,” said Anderson. "They will give us progressively higher yields. They will make pos sible finer quality and greater food value,” he continued. “In livestock production we are Just beginning to use the prin ciple of hybrid vigor, so successful in plant breeding. Farmers are be ginning commercial production oi hybrid hogs that bear larger litters and make quicker and cheaper gains.” Gave Three Sons in War; Widow Seeks Citizenship LYNDHURST, N. J. — A 58- year-old widow who lost three of her four sons in the last war re ceived the last bit of information she believes she needs in her ef forts to become a citizen. Mrs. Stella Lewandowski was seeking a vital clue—the name of the ship in which she came to this country—required to prove leg^l entry to the United States. A fellow passenger offered the information. It was the Patricia of the Hamburg-American line which docked at Hoboken June 15, 1905. The widow thought she had be come a citizen automatically when her husband, Valenty, be came a citizen May 18, 1923. Winter Sun Will Help Heat New Type of Solar Houses TOLEDO, OHIO. — Mother Na ture will help stoke the furnace in the home of the future, according to 49 leading American architects. Selected by a panel of building authorities and commissioned by Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass company to plan homes that were best suited for each state and the District of Columbia, the architects have com pleted 49 house designs which are combined in a new book, “Your So lar House.” George Fred Keck, Chicago archi tect, who is represented in the book, explains: "A solar house is built so its main rooms face the sun. On sout)) walls, thermopane insulating windows or even walls of glass util ize the warmth of the winter sun. In summer, when the sun is higher in the sky, an overhanging roof shades the windows.” The houses range in style from traditional architecture to stream lined modernism. But each puts year-round living under the sun, fol lowing a new trend toward using more glass in construction. “Designing with light” is Los An geles Architect Harwell H. Harris’ definition of the new trend. In addition to the benefits of solar heating during winter daylight hours, architects say the new houses achieve an "openness” to the sur rounding landscape that gives a lift to living in all seasons. College Gives ‘Backbone’ Diet for Menu Planners ITHACA, N. Y. — Harassed home makers, valiantly trying to balance their food budgets without sacrific ing the family’s health, recently were recommended a "backbone” for their year-round menu planning. Miss Mable Rollins, associate pro fessor of the State College of Home Economics, urged the following menu following a two-year study: White potatoes, whole wheat bread, rolled oats, beef and pig liver, pea beans, rutabagas, carrots by the pound, spinach and rpilk, fresh or canned. Jap War Machines Ordered Smashed by Gen. MacArthur TOKYO.—Gen. Douglas A. Mac Arthur ordered the Japanese to de stroy all industrial machinery spe cifically designed to produce com bat equipment, whether the machin ery is privately or publicly owned. Allied headquarters officials esti mated that there are from 3,000 to 5.000 such machines, some of which had been listed for reparations. General Wedemeyer Given Job As Planner for Army Defense WASHINGTON. — The army ap pointed Lt. Gen. Albert C. Wede meyer director of its general staff plans and operations division, a key post in planning defense of the na tion. Wedemeyer succeeded Lt Gen. Lauris Norstad in the position. Norstad was shifted to the position of deputy chief of staff in charge of operations of the air force. ANDERSON IN A LIGHTER MOMENT . . . Dressed in a red shirt and overalls and carrying a gilded pitchfork. Secretary of Agriculture Clinton Anderson cavorted as the “fall guy” at the annual luncheon of the Saints and Sinners in New York. Commenting on his public listing of grain speculators, Anderson said that most of the government employees named couldn't speculate to any degree because they didn’t have enough “to buy a hatful.” PRESIDENTIAL PUP ... A newly born pup is the latest addition to the staff of the White House. Feller, a mighty cute although sad-eyed spaniel, was a gift of Mrs. Peter J. Marsden, a former nurse to Presi dent Truman’s mother in Independence, Mo. The pup now has a house of his own which has his name on the front and the name of the Presi dent on the side. Feller’s official name is "Marsden Mr. Missouri.” lOJO ENJOYS HIS MEAL . . . Hideki Tojo (foreground), Japan’s wartime premier and now No. 1 war crimes snspect, still is able to enjoy his food despite the fact that he attempted suicide two years ago. Now on the stand before the international war crimes tribunal, Tojo offered, in bis own defense, a 65,000-word deposition in which he refused to accept any criminal responsibility for Japan’s warlike behavior. BULGARIAN ... Dr. Nissim Jndasy Mevorah, a member of the Bulgarian Communist party, has just had his credentials accepted by President Truman as Bul garia’s first postwar minister to the U. S. KING IS DEAD . . . Victor Em manuel III, former king of Italy, shown here in happier days with his stately Queen Elena, died in exile in Alexandria, Egypt, at the age of 78. He first ascended the throne in 1900 and relinquished it on June 5, 1944, day after the Allies occupied Rome. HALF-PINT SCOTS . . . Highland flingers Lorraine and Michael Ross kick up their kilts aboard the Queen Mary in celebration of their reaching the United States. Their Scottish outfits are com plete and authentic. END OF A STORY . . . Mark Bellinger, “Broadway’s biogra pher,” film producer, playwright, short story writer and newspaper columnist, was stricken with a heart attack and died in a Holly wood hospital. He was 44. DEFLATION IS INEVITABLE ... In Chicago the bubble gum set chewed, puffed and blew in a contest which turned up some amazing talent in this particular field of endeavor. Crowned king and queen were Charles Murray, 14, (left) and Carmel Arvia, 11. The bellows-cheeke’d king, after producing a 20-inch bubble, received a motor scooter as first prize; and the queen was given $300 worth of clothing. NEW JOB . . . Bleriot H. La- marre, who figured prominently in recent senate investigation as alleged dummy president of Maj. Gen. Bennett Meyers’ manufac turing plant, has a new job—as • gas station attendant. SMALL TOWNS, U.S.A. Rural Life Program Seeks Improved Standards of Living By EARLE HITCH Released by WNU Features. Concerted action aimed to develop an improved rural life must be launched on a widespread scale if small town Amer ica is to survive. That is thd 1 motivating factor behind the rural life movement, an energetic program which now is get ting under way throughout America and which eventually will attempt to reach all small towns and rural communities of the nation. ^ Aim of the program is a better rural life — an attempt to make the country a better place in which to live and work. Rural problems have been discussed for years, and various solutions have been pro posed. Experience has shown that the best results come from local action, planned by the people on their home grounds. Aroused Citizenry Needed. Before action can be expected, community consciousness has to be aroused. There must be deter mination to act. Then plans have!* to be made. The plans that do the most good are made to fit the local situation. All rural commu nities do not need the same things, nor can they go about getting what they do need in the same ways. The rural life program is sim ply this — a recognition that the nation needs to add new fea tures to its rural economy. This is because the types of rural la bor are changing. Machinery has changed farming, and in some areas farm land has worn out.,Some men who once worked at farming are having to turn to other occupations. The present system of farming is far out of balance. Too many farm ers are living on slim fare. Of the 5,800,000 farmers in the United Rural America At Stake No. 2 In a Series Machinery is revolutionizing our farming system and our whole rural economy. Power is taking the place of men on U. S. farms, the plowman of old rapidly is vanishing from the scene. HIGH UVEL INCOME I $ 900 A V£4* FCR 1 NC MORE THAN »400 ten T0PTWIAD | MICCLE THIBD I ECU LCWtSTT«IRD_ ■5,800,000 Farmers in the United States- Income from farming is unevenly divided. Only the top third of the nation’s 5,800,000 farmers are reap ing the present high-level incomes for agrictdtural produce. The mid dle third are making about $900 a year while the lowest third average no more than $400 a year, according to estimates from census statistics based on 1944 reports. All these organizations are agreed on general objectives. Briefly these objectives are: I To provide more opportunities • for earning a good living in the country. 2 To establish better rural health • and rural hospital services. 3 To provide more rural recre- . ations and better uses for rural leisure. 4 To discover civic and cultural . outlets that will add to a feel ing of appreciation of the impor tance of country life and the coun try home. The work to be done in this broad program does not concern farm people alone. Every small town has a stake in it. Whether the towns of the future grow in importance or languish depends on keeping a happy and satis fied population both in the towns themselves and the country roundabout. Ways to do this are what the lead ers of local community enterprise will have to discover. A knowledge' of what has been done by communi ties that have made notable prog ress will be of interest to small communities everywhere, particu larly those in a mood to do like wise. Future articles in this series will tell about some outstanding small community programs. States only the top third are enjoy ing the present high-level incomes for agricultural produce. The low er third, about two million, are aver aging no more than $400 a year. This sum does not provide an ade quate standard of living for happi ness and health. Cities, Too, Concerned. From the standpoint of national stability there is urgent need for solutions which will prevent great numbers from being forced off the land. There is need to give those in the lower brackets encouragement and help to make them self sustain ing. Growing numbers moving to cities add to job competition there, and make heavier unemployment risks in times of business slumps. Thus the cities as well as the rural areas have cause to be concerned. Consequently leaders in public af fairs are growing more disturbed as they witness: The continuing shift of popula- • tion from country to city. The decline of the country . church, which always has been a strong moral force in the nation. A declining standard of living • in many rural homes, from which comes the bulk of our popula tion growth. The government, acting through congress and the department of agriculture, has • been giving help, and various organizations and agencies are following programs of Rural America needs new occupa tions and more small industries. New rural occupations must be developed to provide employment away from the fields. their own. Among them are the Farm Bureau federations, the co operatives, the Farmers’ Union, the National Grange, and Protestant and Catholic churches acting through the town and country de partments of the leading denomina tions. Seamstress Cuts Police Uniforms And Tax Outlay CHARLESTON, W. VA.—With her fast flying sewing machine, Mrs. Adana Summers is saving money for West Virginia taxpayers. Her job is to alter and make over uni forms worn by state police officers. Each rookie trooper before going on duty receives $326.65 worth of clothing, including a number of arti cles discarded by older policemen. Mrs. Summers alters these leftovers to fit their new owners, at the same time checking to see that they are completely equipped with the but tons considered so essential to a smart looking officer. Mrs. Summers, who worked as a machinist in an industrial plant dur ing the war, admits that her job is sometimes tedious and exacting but insists that she prefers it to that of a secretary, taking shorthand notes or pounding the keys of a type writer. How well she is doing her job is shown in Capt. Harry C. Meyers’ estimate that during a six-month period alterations and mending of uniforms saved West Virginia tax payers approximately $2,000. Doctor Includes Cows In 'Medical' Equipment EUREKA, N. C.—Dr. Henderson Irwin, who insists he is just an old- fashioned country doctor, includes 34 cows in his "medical” equip ment. If a patient doesn't have a cow, the doctor lends him one. The pa tient gets the benefit of plenty of milk. The doctor gets a return on his investment in the form of all the calves. “From a $150 cow I can sell the calf for $35, a good return,” says Dr. Irwin. Years of family practice have convinced him, the doctor says, that “a couple should be refused a mar riage license unless they can say they have a bed, a stove and a cow.” Midnight Snacks Pay Collegian's Way LAWRENCE, KAS. — Because college students still follow the old practice of nibbling late evening snacks while poring over studies. Elmo W. Geppelt, University of Kansas engineering student, is able to help finance his own education. Geppelt, 24-year-old married vet eran, decided last September that his fellow students would rather have food delivered than go out after it, so he went into the business of preparing the food and delivering it. Now five student-owned cars make regular deliveries to 50 stu dent living houses. Two men op erate from each car, making trips each evening, Sunday through Thursday. Geppelt’s wife, Betty, a former Kansas university student, and six helpers prepare most of the food in the kitchen of the Geppelt home. 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