The sun. [volume] (Newberry, S.C.) 1937-1972, July 25, 1947, Image 2
THE NEWBERRY SUN. NEWBERRY. S. C.
‘FIRST AMERICANS*
Park Rains Unfold Fascinating
Story of Prehistoric Indians
WNU Features.
More than one hundred centuries ago the first immigrants
set foot on the shores of North America. These early people,
archeologists believe, crossed the narrow strait which divides
Asia from Alaska, and from Bering sea they traveled eastward
and southward. From time to time in the centuries which fol
lowed new bands of people crossed from Asia and the earlier
settlers were compelled to push onward to more remote sec
tions of the continent. It is possible that some of these people
migrated down along the Pacific*®
coastline, but the greater mass of
them, it is thought, crossed the
mountains and continued the south
ward trek along the east side of
the Rockies.
America the Mayas, who had in
vented a reliable calendar, were
carving dates on stone monuments
as early as 600 years before the
beginning of the Christian Era.
Long before the time of Colum
bus, the copper-colored inhabitants
of the Western hemisphere, whom
we call “Indians,” had fanned out
and occupied all of North America,
Mexico, Central America, South
America and the islands of the West
Indies.
Under the administration of Na
tional Park service are many areas
connected with the life of the an
cient Indians.
Mesa Verde
National
park and 14
national mon
uments have
been estab
lished to pro
tect significant ruins in the states of
Utah, Colorado. Arizona and New
Mexico. There are also Mound City
group national monument in Ohio,
Ocmulgee national monument in
Georgia and Old Kasaan national
monument in Alaska. In addition,
many other national parks and mon
uments, created primarily as scenic
or scientific reserves, also contain
evidence of Indian occupation.
Unfortunately, the Indians,
during the long pre-Columbian
period had no written history,
but the records of their wan
derings and the story of their
cultural and political progress
gradually is being put together
by archeologists from the tangi
ble remains—the campfires, the
dustheaps, and the ruins these
people left behind. The story
as it unfolds is fascinating, the
record of achievement is im
pressive.
Originally nomadic hunters, the
first Americans, learned to culti
vate the soil. To Indian farmers we
owe such staples in our diet as
com, Irish potatoes, yams and co
coa. The Indians also developed to
bacco and taught us the use of
EVOLUTION . . . Ocmulgee na
tional monument in Georgia con
tains outstanding remains of In
dian mounds and prehistoric
towns, representative of the cul
tural evolution of the southern
mound-builder civilization. This
Council Chamber mound has been
restored by National Park serv
ice.
quinine. They learned to make pot
tery, woven textiles and delicate
Jewelry from gold and silver. They
built fortresses, temples and cities,
and in Central America Mayan
mathematicians invented the use of
“zero” before it was known to schol
ars of Europe and Asia.
EARLIEST EVIDENCE of man
in the New Vyorld was discovered
a few years ago at a site near Fol
som, N. M. Here peculiar grooved
stone spear points were discovered
in association with the fossil bones
of animals which have been ex
tinct for thousands of years. The
skeletons of the men who used these
weapons have not yet been found,
but similar grooved points have
been discovered in many places as
far east as Virginia. This earliest
American has been given the name
of “Folsom Man” and he lived at a
time when mastodons and sabre
toothed tigers roamed the forests
and plains of the United States.
After the “Folsom Man” there is
a long gap in our knowledge of
ancient Americans, but in Central
IN MESA VERDE National park
and in the southwestern national
monuments one may obtain a fairly
clear picture of the life of the In
dians through a period extending
back nearly two thousand years.
Here, although the Indians had no
calendar and carved no dates on
monuments, it has been possible to
assign fairly exact dates to events
which transpired long before the
coming of the white man. For
example, it is known that from 1276
A. D. to 1299 A. D. there was a con
tinuous drouth for 24 consecutive
years, and it also is known that
about the year 900 A D., Sunset
Crater, a volcano near Flagstaff.
CONTRAST . . . Prehistoric In
dian ruins built at the base of
sheer red cliffs or in caves in
canyon walls share the limelight
with modern Navajo homes and
farms In Canyon de Chelly nation
al monument in Arizona. White
House ruins are shown in this
picture. »
Aziz., erupted and covered the coun
tryside with lava and ashes.
The system of dating Indian
ruins in the Southwest is simple and
ingenious and is done by using a
tree ring calendar.
By starting with living trees
and patiently matching pieces
of wood from older and older
houses, the annular ring pat
terns in the Southwest have
been established for a period of
more than a thousand years.
• * •
ONE OF THE MOST impressive
ruined towns of the ancient Indi
ans is Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Can
yon national monument. New Mex
ico. This town, built like a huge
five-story apartment house, con
tained in the 11th century more than
800 rooms and housed at least 1,200
people. A part of the pueblo was
constructed as early as 919 A. D.
Other ruined pueblos, which the vis
itor will find fascinating, are those
built in niches in the vertical cliffs
of Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del
Muerto in Canyon de Chelly nation
al monument in northwestern Ari
zona. The beauty of these wild can
yons will live long in the memory of
all who see them. Near Flagstaff,
Ariz., are the stone pueblo of Wu-
patki and the cliff dwellings in Wal
nut canyon. In central Arizona are
Tonto, Tuzigoot and Montezuma
Castle national monuments, and in
the northern part of the state near
the Utah border is Navajo national
monument. Aztec ruins and Bende-
lier national monuments are in New
Mexico.
* • »
IN THE OHIO valley and in south
eastern United States the Indians
frequently built large earth mounds.
Very often these mounds were con
structed in the form of truncated
pyramids and were used as plat
forms for temple structures or
houses. One of these mound sites
has been established as a national
monument near Chillicothe, Ohio.
At this site, known as Mound City
group national monument are a
large number of mounds. At Ma
con, Ga., Ocmulgee national monu
ment also contains a number of in
teresting mounds, one of which was
constructed over a subterranean
council chamber.
• • •
FOR INFORMATION relating to
the national monuments, write to
the Director, National Park Serv
ice, Department of the Interior,
Washington 25, D. C.
National Parks
Twelfth
In a Series
‘Smokies’ Rank as Favorite Retreat
WASHINGTON.—Ranking as one
of the favorite vacation spots in the
Eart, Great Smoky Mountain Na
tional park embraces the greatest
mountain mass east of the Black
Hills.
The "Smokies” derive their name
from the deep blue haze hovering
about the peaks that for 36 consecu
tive miles are more than 5,000 feet
high. The park is 54 miles long
and a maximum of 19 miles wide.
Highest peak is Clingman’s Dome
6,642 feet above sea level and acces
sible by a motor highway.
Fishing is one of the main attrac
tions for sportsmen, the 600 miles of
trout streams in the park being re
stocked annually.
Free naturalist-guided field trips
are conducted during the summer
months by National Park service
and campers also may explore re
mote sections of the park.
PILGRIMAGE TO LOURDES SHRINE ... Members of a party headed by Rev. Father James R.
Cox of Pittsburgh, Pa., are shown just before they boarded an airliner which carried them across the
Atlantic on a pilgrimage to Our Lady of Lourdes shrine at St. Agnes, France. Included in group is
12-year-old Sally Ann O’Leary, crippled since birth, who hopes that the miraculous powers claimed for
the shrine will heal her. Since the end of the war, thousands of persons have made the pilgrimage to the
Lourdes shrine in search of health and out of devotion to their faith. Pittsburgh business and professional
men compose this party.
'KNOW-HOW’ HELPS DEFEAT FLOOD MENACE . . . With the Mississippi off on one of its most destruc
tive benders in a century, farmers up and down the river were hard put to keep the rampaging waters
from flooding their fields. At Wapello, la., this crew of flood fighters rigged up a portable grain elevator
to carry sandbags up to levee in background for speedier reinforcement and to eliminate necessity of
workers’ hauling heavy bags up the slippery 12-foot embankment.
HERE’S ONE ELEPHANT WHO FORGOT . . . Saucy, a London
pachyderm, and her master, Ivor Rosaire, used to do this “bite his
head off” trick five years ago before Rosaire went into the army.
But five years was too long for Saucy to remember the routine. When
they tried the trick recently, Rosaire, dangling by his ears, had to do
a great deal of shouting between the elephant’s teeth before she
remembered to let go.
HUNGRY WORK, THIS BEING A REFUGEE . . . Red Cross of
ficials claim that 34,812 persons were left homeless in the four mid-
western states which were ravaged by flood waters. And all 34,812
of them were hungry. In this photo, a boy-sized flood refugee takes a
man-sized bite at the Red Cross shelter in Belleville, HI., while his
dining companion looks on with some astonishment. The floods were
among the most destructive in the past century.
HEALTHY, HE SAYS . . . Ten-
year-old Kenneth Dunn of Man
hattan tosses out his chest for Dr.
Gerard Moench who examines
him before he goes to police ath
letic league camp in the Adiron-
dacks.
HARD TO STOP . . . Gerald
Green Jr., 3, shown here with
mother, Mrs. Zora Green, was
pronounced dead by doctor after
he had swallowed some crayons,
then responded to treatment.
Humans Termed
'Atomic' Bombs
Science Finds Explosions
Take Place in Body to
Create Energy.
MARCUS HOOK, PA—Each min
ute of each human being’s life
about 150,000 radioactive carbon
atoms go pop in his body, and these
atomic explosions release a total
energy of 21 billion electron volts.
This calculation, based on a dis
covery at the Houdry Process cor
poration plant here that cosmic
rays produce radioactive carbon,
was made by Dr. Aristide V.
Grosse of the Houdry company.
The implications are astonishing,
not because the 21 billion electron
volts is in itself high for radio-activ
ity, but because the occurrence of
this charge all through the living
body will result in a reexamination
of such things as human immunity
to radioactivity, the possible effects
as a cause of cancer and whether
atom bombs are likely to cause as
serious hereditary changes as some
scientists have predicted.
May Confer Immunity
If man is subject all his life to
this carbon radioactivity, it pos
sibly confers more immunity than
has been expected. Furthermore,
the probabilities are that a new and
radioactive form of hydrogen,
known as tritium, also is manufac
tured by cosmic rays. Hydrogen
also would find its way into the hu
man body.
“This radioactive carbon 14,” Dr.
Grosse said, “is the first substance
found to be created by cosmic rays.
I do not think it is the last.”
The carbon is created by trans
mutation of nitrogen of the air.
Plants draw in some of it in |the
chemical photosynthesis process of
using sunlight. More falls to the
earth to be picked up by plants,
and thence to animals that eat the
plants and to man who eats both.
This radioactive carbon has a
half-life of 5,000 years, which means
that in that length of time, half of
what is created on any day reverts
to nitrogen by the process of giving
off electrons, or beta rays. This
half-life means that today there is
still some radioactive carbon in
man that was created 5,000 years
ago.
Six Men Work at It.
The discovery of the carbon, an
nounced in the Journal of Science,
was the work of six scientists, Drs.
W. F. Libby and E. C. Anderson of
University of Chicago and Drs.
Grosse, S. Weinhouse, A. F. Reid
and A. D. Kirshenbaum, all of the
Houdry company.
Years ago Dr. Grosse predicted
that cosmic rays produced radio
active atoms. Dr. Libby more re
cently predicted the radioactive
carbon and how much. Investiga
tion of methane gas from Baltimore
sewage showed that Libby’s predic
tion hit the amount right on the
nose.
Now it is proposed to analyze the
stratosphere in planes to verify pre
dictions that more is produced
there than lower down.
A greater production also is ex
pected to be found in polar regions
because cosmic rays tend to con
centrate there. The Chicago scien
tists are studying the meat of some
of the seals brought back by the
navy's Byrd expedition to the Ant
arctic to learn whether polar ani
mals contain more of the popping
carbon.
The amount of radioactive carbon
in the human body. Dr. Grosse said,
is less than a millionth of 1 per cent
of the total carbon.
He said the unanswered question
whether this small amount of car
bon may influence cancer now may
be answered by taking the same
kind of radioactive carbon that is
made by atomic piles and feeding it
to animals.
Uncle Sam’s Drivers Given
Safety Tests; Record Good
WASHINGTON.—Maj. Gen. Philip
B. Fleming said the federal gov
ernment, with a multi-million-dollar
stake in highway safety, has taken
the lead in a nation-wide campaign
to cut down traffic accidents.
The federal works administration
said the war department has re
examined 100,000 of its drivers dur
ing the past year and is planning to
extend its safety program to re
serve officers, ROTC students and
the National Guard.
The navy has established a com
pulsory standard procedure for test
ing, selecting and licensing its driv
ers, and the interior and post of
fice departments have improved
spfe-driving practices, he added.
Fleming estimated injuries to its
civilian drivers in highway acci
dents cost the federal government
about one million dollars a year.
St. Louis Housewife Still
Wonders About Honesty
ST. LOUIS. — Mrs. Rose Ungar
was wondering about Ben Frank
lin’s famous adage, “Honesty is the
best policy.”
Mrs. Ungar, returning home from
a shopping trip, found her shopping
bag, supposedly containing two
packs of cigarettes, crammed with
money and checks —$3,000 in all.
When she rushed back to the
store with her find, the owners
asked her to name a reward. She
declined.
So they gave her a whole carton
of cigarettes.
Plan to Investigate
Supersonic Speeds
Army Experts Are Working on
Machine for Study.
CHICAGO.—The army Is building
a new high speed aircraft for re
search on flight faster than the
speed of sound, army air forces re
vealed here.
Col. Philip B. Klein told the
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers that the new plane is
still a military secret but may have
swept-back wings and be tailless or
semi-tailless.
At present, planes approaching a
speed of 760 miles an hour, which is
the rate at which sound waves
travel at sea level, seem to hit a
barrier of air piling up ahead of the
wings.
To date, planes have been unable
to pierce the wall but the new re
search points to success. Colonel
Klein said.
The air forces now uses a rocket
powered experimental plane known
as the XS-1. It is launched in the
air from a B-29 “mother.”
"The XS-1 has erroneously been
described as designed for super
sonic flight,” the A.A.F. engineer-
aviator said.
"In reality it was designed to ex
plore the transonic region and pro
vide us with actual flight data
which might enable us to build a
supersonic airplane carrying man.”
Dr. J. M. Zucrow, professor of
Jet-propulsion at Purdue university,
told the convention that man-carry
ing rocket ships capable of shooting
out beyond the pull of gravity can
be developed as soon as problems
of cooling and controls are solved.
He added that this development
will not need to await the use of
atomic power.
A multi-step rocket, constructed
so each step or section drops away
as soon as its propellant is ex
hausted, could be developed with
available materials and fuels.
Everything Conies in Cans;
Woman Even Finds $7,720
SEATTLE.—Mrs. Lillian Irene
Nelson, boarding housekeeper,
made 4,000 per cent on an in
vestment but a bank objected.
Mrs. Nelson bought two cans
of soot remover at an auction
held by a bank to settle the ef
fects of a deceased client.
At home she found $7,720 in
tightly wadded $20 bills in the
cans.
The bank served her with a re
straining order. She can’t spend
it until the court determines
whether the money is hers or be
longs to the estate administered
by the bank.
CUilL 9L So?
Experience isn’t a pleasant
teacher, but when she gets
through cuffing you around
you really know something.
A lawyer’s brief often
makes him leng-winded.
Flirtation is a game which,
like cards, is innocuous only
when nothing is staked that
can be missed if lost.
Original Stitchery
Ever So Popular!
7231
PASY stitchery in delightfully
1 original designs! Fish in gay
colors dash over a stylized sea.
Just the thing for the bathroom I Pat
tern 7231 has transfer of 16 motifs 1 by 219
inches to S 1 ,^ by 1219 inches.
Our improved pattern—visual with easy-
to-see charts and photos, and complete
directions—makes needlework easy. Price
of pattern, 20 cents.
Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept.
564 W. Randolph St. Chicago 80, DL
Enclose 20 cents for pattern.
No
Name
Address
Skin "itches
and irritations
I of summer
To be ready with quick relief
keep handy a jar of soothing,
world-famed Resinol Ointment.
Use freely, see how the medica
tion eases itchy irritation of ivy
poison, mosquito bites, sunburn, I
chafing . . . For added comfort I
bathe with mild Resinol Soap. [
Get both today from any druggist y
RESINOfiSSS
Britain, U. S. Withholding
Details of Secret Weapon
AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND.—
The British Empire and the United
States are withholding from other
countries all details of a new weap
on said to equal the atom bomb in
deadliness.
Work by a team of New Zealand,
British and American scientists on
the weapon was said to be continu
ing.
Existence of the weapon was re
ported with the announcement that
Prof. T. D. J. Leech of Auckland,
described - as the leading figure in
the project, had been decorated by
King George.
It was understood the new weapon
could be applied in a number of
ways, one of them being similar to
an atom bomb.
Research did not reach the stage
of practical application during the
war, informants said, but has pro
gressed since then.
Development to a state of prac
tical application has not cost nearly
as much as producing atomic en
ergy, it was stated.
Without discounting the weapon’s
effectiveness, they said, it does not
offer such a threat to world peace
as the atom bomb.
The idea for the weapon came
from a Wellington, N. Z., man who
passed it on to the army in De
cember, 1943.
Americans Seeking Medical
Careers Can’t Find Schools
COLUMBUS, OHIO. — Young
Americans with caps set for medi
cal careers were jolted by an asser
tion from an Ohio State university
student guidance expert that 75 to
90 per cent of their number never
would see the inside of a medical
college.
Junior Dean William Guthrie re
ported that a nation-wide survey of
the pre-professional college field
disclosed there were 6,233 open
ings for new students next fall in
77 schools and colleges of medicine
—and that 73,281 persons are bid
ding for them.
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Grant Made to Form Study
Courses in Latin America
NEW YORK.—Carnegie corpora
tion of New York announced grants
of $250,000 for an experimental five-
year program to develop four per
manent university study centers cm
Latin America.
The project will be carried out
jointly by University of North Caro
lina, University of Texas, Tulane
university and Vanderbilt univer
sity. Each institution will concen
trate on a definite geographical
area.
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