Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C„ SEPTEMBER 4, 1942 Army of School Children In Step With War Effort Shortage of Teachers Is Most Serious Handicap Of New Academic Year. Willard E. Givens, Executive Secretary National Education Association of the United States. The 30,000,000 school children who march back to school this month keep step with another army—an army burdened with the equipage of battle, whose units march in Australia, Ulster, South Carolina, Dutch Harbor, Colorado, Midway. Both armies are en listed in the same “total war,” both have the same objective— victory. This is to be a story of the army that is answering the schoolbell. of the rebuffs it faces, of ^ its part in the fight. The school army is not as large this autumn as it usually is; some of those who would have marched with it are in the other army, or stand beside as sembly lines, or por i over drafting boards, or are busy in laboratories. The high school, especially, will have fewer students, fewer teach ers; for the tea.’hers, too, have gone to the fight.ng fronts, to the 'factories. 100,000 Fever Teachers. The most serious handicap which the schools face due to the war is the loss of teachers. It is estimated that up to 100,000 of them, a tenth of the total number, are not in their school rooms this fall. Many of the men teachers have joined the colors. Newly created auxiliary forces will take many of the women teachers, too. Many of those still with their school classes find that their incomes as teachers are not within reaching distance of the grocery basket. A teacher whose salary is $800 a year—the average salary paid to the teachers of a large midwestern state—ac cepts a war industry job that may net him three times as much money. He may not wish to leave his pro fession but he and his family must eat. There are many thousands of teachers whose salaries are not $800 a year, but $400 or $500 a year. A teacher who receives $500 a year will look longingly at a position in a government office paying $1,600 a year. She is quite likely to be quali fied for it and quite likely to take it. The shortage of teachers is nat urally the most serious where the salary schedules are lowest, as in a southern state where the state average last year was $559 for all teachers and school officers, but there is a trek from schoolroom to factory all over the nation. The most alarming phase of the teacher shortage is that it is great est in the school subject areas that are most vital to the war effort. Teachers of physics, chemistry, mathematics, manual arts and cer tain of the biological sciences are in great demand in war industries and laboratories. When they leave the classroom for such work, they cease to train the thousands of stu dents of mathematics and the sci ences who are so urgently needed by the armed forces. Between three and four million school children this fall will, there fore, find the school door closed when they arrive, or their educa tional opportunity considerably cur tailed. Measures are being taken to minimize, as far as possible, the ill effect of the teacher shortage. Where students who have lost teach ers are in the same school with those who still have teachers, classes are combined. This is usu ally not possible in rural areas where it may be many miles from a school without a teacher to a school which has one. Even where classes are combined, they often be come so large and unwieldy that ef fective teaching is impossible. Former Teachers Urged to Return. Former teachers are being urged to return to the schoolroom. The ban against married women teach ers is being removed in some com munities. All of these measures, however, offer only temporary relief, as was proved by the experience of World War I when the supply of teachers became so inadequate that the qual ity of education was greatly reduced. It is well worth considering, nev ertheless, that efficient instruction depends largely upon the teacher and that fully trained teachers are now, and always will be, hard to get at a salary which will employ a clerical worker who can be pre pared for her work in a few weeks. The army of 30,000,000 is entering schools this year that are geared as fully as possible to the war ef fort. Whether or not there is a lack of teachers, the organization, ad ministration and instructional meth- Effective Remedy Only one remedy has much promise of being continuously effective. Teachers must be paid well enough to enable them to remain at teaching. This is impossible in some states unless the federal government partici pates in financial support of schools. Educators and friends of the schools are trying des perately to secure such aid. That, however, is another story. ods employed will be adapted, with in the limits of available staff and facilities, to war needs. • In many communities the stu dents of 1942-43 will find a whole new division of education—the nursery school. The Man Power commission of the federal gov ernment is thinking in terms of woman power as well as man power. It asks for 3,000,000 ad ditional women in the war indus tries by January 1, 1943. A large percentage of them will be married women who have young children. The nursery school is being established to take care of these children while their mothers are in the fac tories and offices. The nursery school is already a fixed educational level in many of the better school systems, and the necessities of war will likely in crease the scope and efficiency of learning in the earlier years of childhood ‘Speed Up’ School Army? The school army will face the de mand for speed made in every field of preparation for this war. The United Nations have until recent ly found themselves everywhere equipped too late with too little. Consequently the cry, "Hurry, hur ry!” It is aimed at the assembly lines, the cantonments, and field op erations. The urge has not missed the schools. Battles are fought by men who use machines; therefore Fortunately, many high schools throughout the nation had well de veloped technical courses in their curriculum before United States en tered the war. Now, throughout the land, such scenes as this one taken of the aviation technical course in a Brooklyn (N. ¥.) high school are common. Reading, writing, and repairing is the theme today. Direct War Work Enlists Student Aid The boys and girls who constitute our school army this year will not only find their geography and math ematics and history and science ad justed to present needs, they will devote a great deal of time to direct war work. They will assist in the sale of war stamps and bonds, sal vage for war purposes a great part of the metal and rubber and paper and fats that the American home supplies to the war factories. They will sew for the Red Cross and aid the nursing staffs of many hospitals. In their school organizations as well as in their classes they will try to understand the war, to maintain morale on the part of themselves and others, to prepare for their part in the peace that is the supreme objective of all free peoples of the world. Not a day will pass this year without reminding the student of his duties as a citizen, without putting him actively to work in the machinery of democracy at war. Technician To carry on the war to a success ful completion industry is requiring more and more youth with technical training. This young lady, intently studying an object through a high- powered microscope, will be well prepared to take one of the thou sands of jobs which will be open to her 'when she leaves high school. ‘‘hurry the preparation of men” is a logical demand. It has been pro posed that high schools continue during the summer, on Saturdays and holidays, that the school terms be reduced in length in order to give those who will soon be under arms as much education as possible. In general, educators have strong ly opposed universal acceleration of high school pupils. The attitude of the Wartime commission of the United States Office of Education may be tak-v en as typical. Its recent report points out that hastening the progress of students through school will enable them to “go into defense jobs, defense train ing classes, non-defense jobs to replace persons who have left for defense jobs, or into the armed forces ... or to enter college earlier.” These pur poses are commendable, thinks the commission, but it rules against general acceleration in favor of stepping up the rate of progress only for pupils who are physically and intellectually able to speed up with profit to the war effort and no damage to the pupils themselves. Because this opinion is so widely held by educators, there is little likelihood that the school year 1942- 43 will be shorter than the years preceding it. Another policy will be followed by colleges and higher in stitutions where the maturity of stu dents and the exigencies of war make acceleration feasible and prof itable. Different Courses Emphasized. The students who are entering school this month will find some out standing shifts of emphasis in the courses of study since September, 1941. These do not represent radi cal changes. Only a few of these changes can be offered by way of illustration. Geography is an excellent subject with which to begin since, unlike current events and history, it is usually thought of as not changing much from day to day. The continents and oceans, the mountains and rivers are more or less constant in size and position. These physical facts, however, are not of great importance except as they affect the lives of men. The geography textbook, therefore, which includes a chapter on the rubber plantations of Sumatra and the Malay peninsula, is due for some revision. War has considerably al tered the political status of great portions of the map, world com merce has found new trade routes, and trade itself is her.vily in com modities little sought a few years ago. Methods of travel are chang ing the character of the maps which today’s students will use. Aviation has made the “flat map” or Mer cator projection of secondary impor tance. The globe is taking its place. Those of us who visualize Japan due west of the United States find it difficult to realize that airplanes on their shortest route from Tokyo to the Panama canal would first strike the United States somewhere on the Canadian border. The Need for Mathematics. Mathematics, another study that is often thought of as fixed in nature since the same two numbers always add up to the same total, will see its change also. For many years the schools have been adjusting arithmetic to the daily needs of a people at peace. The textbook prob lems, therefore, have had to do with matters like life insurance, income taxes, budget making, home man agement and bookkeeping. Sudden ly there comes a demand for skill in the use of the mathematics need ed by the bombardier and gunner. The reason for the lack of these skills is the same reason which prompted our government to sell scrap iron and gasoline to Japan. We were a peaceful people and hoped to remain so. The mathematics of naviga tion and ballistics, the chemis try of the munitions worker, the physics of the military engineer will most certainly find their way into school and college cur- riculums and will stay there un til the minds and hearts of men are set once more on the arts of peace. Turn a Meal Into a Banquet With Blueberry Muffins (See Recipes Below.) Prepare for Week-Ends Lazy days with first signs of fall in the air, wilted appetites and the whole family home for the week-end are a heavy drain on the homemaker. If she expects to spend any time with her family, Madame House wife must scurry around and plan a preparedness campaign which will stock her refrigerator with foods that can be p’llled—like the tradi tional bunny out of the hat—and still keep her reputation as the “best cook around here.” It’s a mistaken, notion that the main dish has to be an elaborate hot and heavy affair that sends the hostess to the head of her table sweltering after hours of prepara tion. A much better idea would be to have a cool, tempting Chicken- Ham Mousse such as I’ve planned for you today. Wash the vegetables and store them in the cold compartment and they’re ready to toss together in a few minutes, crisp, and chewy, coat ed with a flavorful dressing, in a salad supreme. If the family really has its heart set on “something hot” bring out some bran muffins, all moist and tasty with blueberries. These take but a short time to bake. Your table should be bright and gay with oranges and yellows, reds, rich browns to add warm notes to the porch supper or lunch—indoors or out. Let your imagination run riot with the dry leaves, bright ber ries, sprays from the wayside or fall’s bountiful fruits. Remember, you can do more for your table by arranging Concord grapes tastefully with a few golden pears, blush red apples on rich brown leaves or in well polished pewter, copper or brass vessels than rare, expensive flowers that your family does not know how to appreciate. Then, of course, if you have a few yellow or deep red chrysanthemums in your fall garden, let them fall gracefully in and out among their own leaves in a burnished bowl, and you leave nothing to be desired. Here’s the mousse which you can have as a main dish. Make it the night before and it’s already to serve just with unmolding: *Chicken-Ham Mousse. (Serves 6) 3 egg yolks, slightly beaten % teaspoon salt VA cups cbicken broth 1V 2 cups ground, cooked chicken 114 cups ground, cooked ham 14 cup salad dressing 1 minced scallion 14 cup whipped cream 1 package lemon-flavored gelatin Add salt to egg yolks, then broth. Cook over boiling water, stirring con stantly until mixture coats a spoon. Lynn Says; Easier Way to Live: One good way by which to simplify home making is to get rid of trouble makers in your household fur nishings as fast as you can. If you have an expensively up holstered sofa or chair which re quires special cleaning often, make a slip-cover for it out of one of the practical cottons or other washable fabrics which are so numerous in the stores these days. A quick trip through the household washer now and then will keep it spic-and-span. Whisk it off and let the regular cover ing show when special guests are coming, or use the slip-covers day in and day out, for they are so attractive in themselves. When your draperies wear out, or when you decide to do over a room, look at the beautiful wash fabrics which you can buy for your windows. Make them up with washable linings, these pre shrunk, too, of course, and save yourself troublesome cleaning from then on. In time, you can “re-plan” many of your furnish ings for practical washing ma chine handling. This Week’s Mena *Chicken-Ham Mousse •All-Bran Blueberry Muffins Butter •Julienne Salad •Whipped Cream Sugarless Cake •Recipes Given. Pour over gelatin and stir until dis solved. Cool. Fold in remaining ingredients. Place strips of green pepper, sliced olives, sliced hard- cooked eggs on bottom of oiled mold. Pour in mousse. Let chill until firm. Unmold on lettuce and garnish with romaine, endive and tomato wedges. Dispositions will all be the mer rier when you serve these bran-blue berry muffins be cause the B-vita- mins, often called morale builders, in the bran and the magnesium in the blueberries, which is reputed to create kindlier feelings toward your fellow men, really get together and do their best for the system: •All-Bran Blueberry Muffins. . (Makes 12 small muffins) 2 tablespoons shortening cup sugar 1 egg 1 cup all-bran % cup milk . 1 cup flour $4 teaspoon salt 214 teaspoons baking powder 14 cup fresh blueberries Cream shortening and sugar until fluffy. Add egg and beat well. Stir in all-bran and milk and let soak un til all moisture is taken up. Sift dry ingredients and add blueberries. Add to first mixture and stir just until flour disappears. Fill greased muffin tins until two-thirds full and bake hi a moderately hot (400-de gree) oven about 30 minutes. Greens tossed together with mel low french dressing are attention- getters: •Julienne Salad Bowl. (Serves 6) 1 cup cabbage 1 cup carrots 14 cup green pepper 14 cup red radishes Garlic Curly endive or shredded lettuce Shred all the vegetables fine. Ar range mounds of them in a bowl, and toss french dressing over them. Rub the bowl in which they are served with garlic. A main dish that will go well with the Julienne Salad is this Baked Bean dish: Baked Bean Rarebit. 1 can baked beans 14 pound American cheese, grated 3 slices bacon, fried crisp 14 green pepper sliced Mix beans, green pepper and crumbled bacon with grated cheese and pour into a casserole. Bake in a moderate oven 35-40 minutes. A cake that’s a tasty sugar saver is this one: •Whipped Cream Sugarless Cake. 214 cups sifted cake flour 214 teaspoons double acting bak ing powder 14 teaspoon salt 14 cup butter or shortening 1 cup light corn syrup 2 eggs, unbeaten 14 cup orange juice 2 teaspoons grated orange rind 1 cup cream, whipped Sift flour once, measure, add bak ing powder and salt, and sift dry ingredients together three times. Cream shortening, add orange rind, and then syrup beating well after each addition. Add V* of flour and beat until smooth and well blended. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each. Add remaining flour in thirds alternately with orange juice, beating after each addition for best results. Bake in two greased 8-inch layer pans in a moderate (375-degree) oven 30 minutes. Cool. Spread whipped cream between and on top of layers. What are your food problems? Cake making? Bread making? Pickles, jams, jellies? Children's lunches? Miss Lynn Chambers will be glad to give you expert advice on your particular problem, if you write her explaining what you want to know, at Western Newspaper Union, 210 South Desplaines Street, Chicago, III. Please enclose a stamped, addressed en velope for your reply. Released by Western Newspaper Union. ON THE HOME FRONT RUTH WVET>PSPEARsJg^6) HOOKED RUG 'T'HIS is another design in the series planned to use up odds and ends of woolen materials to make lasting floor coverings. The design is very old and was made by other women during other wars. Dimensions are given in the sketch for making your own patterns for the links and the fleur de lis. The shaded parts of the diagrams show a half and a quar ter of the design drawn on fold ed paper. The dotted lines show how the pattern will appear when the paper has been cut. The de sign is outlined on the burlap by drawing around the cut-out pat tern with wax crayon. The rug colorings have been planned to repeat tones in the room color schemes. • • • NOTE: There are suggestions tor pre paring hooked rug materials and tor mak ing original designs in BOOK 5 of the (v. (v. (V O- P- O- O- O- ft* C~> fi* O- O- (v. (v O-- \ ASK ME l ANOTHER • 1 £ A General Quiz ? The Question* 1. What mythical creature was half horse and half man? 2. In what city is Threadneedle street? 3. During a race, how much of the time has a horse all four feet off the ground? 4. Is it unlawful to destroy U. S. coins? 5. Who was the first and only President to be buried at Arling ton National cemetery? The Answers 1. The centaur. 2. London. 3. A race horse has all four feet off the ground one-fourth of the time during a- race. 4. No. There is no law against it. The law is against mutilating, lightening or defacing. 5. William Howard Taft is the only President to be buried at Ar lington National cemetery. series which Mrs. Spears has prepared for readers. Book 6 contains directions for a hooked rug that any beginner can make easily and quickly. Booklets are 10 cents each. If you order both booklets you will receive a pattern and directions for the Add-A-Square Rug. Be sure to request it with your order. Address: MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS Bedford Hills New York Drawer IS Enclose 10 cents for eac i book desired. Name Address. In the Navy a floor is a “deck,” doors are “bulkheads,” down stairs is "below,” and a cigarette is a “Camel.” At least. Camel is the favorite cigarette among Navy men as it is among men in the Army, Marines and Coast Guard. (Based on actual sales records from service men’s stores.) And a carton of Camels is their favorite gift.’ Your local dealer is featur ing Camel cartons for service men, now. And now is the time to send that carton.—Adv. HEY! DON'T SCRATCH soothe the itch of mosquito and similar bites with Mexican Heat Powder. Large sixe most economical—sold everywhere. sharper because they* re one* third thinner. 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