Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C„ FRIDAY, MARCH 4, 1938 From Now On You'll Be Seeing: On Your Nickels, in Place of: Whether or not the retire ment of the buffalo nickels will mean a retirement of all the jokes that have been CHIEF IRON TAIL made about it remains to be seen. It’s also a question whether certain legends that have clustered around this coin will be dispelled or be come more firmly fixed in “American folklore” now that no more examples of this popular bit of money will be coming from the mint. Outstanding among these myths is the one that Chief Two Guns White Calf of the Blackfoot tribe was the “original buffalo nickel Indian.” That legend was industriously propagated by fre quent reproduction of his pic ture in newspapers and maga zines under some such caption as “Face You Recognize on the Buf falo Nickel” or “You’ve Got His Portrait in Your Pocket” or “You Carry His Portrait—Perhaps!” or “His Face Is Worth a Fortune in Nickels.” (Look at the portrait of Two Guns White" Calf, shown with the buffalo at the head of this article, and you will notice the re semblance.) Innumerable tourists, who vis ited Glacier National park and saw the Blackfoot chieftain there, helped spread the legend, and during the many trips which he took to various parts of the coun try he was invariably photo graphed, interviewed, advertised and written up as “the Indian whose likeness appears on every buffalo nickel.” All of which was interesting if true—only it didn’t happen to be true. As a matter of fact, the Indian face on the buffalo nickel is a composite and somewhat ideal ized portrait, not of just one red man but several. No less a per son than the sculptor who de signed the coin is the authority for that assertion. He is James Earl Fraser and in 1931 he issued a statement which should have set at rest for all time—but didn’t!—the ques tion as to the identity of the “orig inal.” Mr. Fraser said he had used the profiles of three Indians for his design—Chief Iron Tail of the Ogalala Sioux, Chief Two Moons of the Northern Cheyennes and a third whose name he had forgotten. Many who thought they had seen the “buffalo nickel Indian original” when they visit ed Glacier park chose to believe that Two Guns White Calf might be the third Indian whose name Mr. Fraser had forgotten, despite the fact that the sculptor also said that he “had never seen Two Guns White Calf.” So the legend persisted and when the Blackfoot died in 1934, the familiar story (with pictures, of course) blossomed out in full flower again, thus proving that error, as well as truth, when “crushed to earth will rise again.” How did the yarn ever get started anyway? It’s as dif ficult to trace this legend down to its source as it is to arrive at the beginning of any folk tale. Perhaps as authentic a version as any is this one, furnished by Hoke Smith, Western develop ment agent of the Great Northern railroad, to the author of this ar ticle several years ago. He wrote: You asked {or It, I consulted the sages of the tribe, and here Is the real story of the Indian face upon the nickel, as near as I can translate it from the Blackfoot spoken and sign language: Many moons ago, when he was in his early thirties, the late Chief Two Guns White Calf, chief of the Glacier NaUonal Park Blackfoot tribe, got his first nickel from one of the earlier spendthrift tourists that came to his tepee, kodak snap-shootin'. It was one of the buffalo series of five-cent pieces. Two Guns was delighted with the pic ture of the Buffalo, which side happened to be "tails up" when the generous tour ist put it in the palm of his hand. A moment later, when he turned the coin over and beheld his own likeness stand ing in bold relief before him, it was as lookin’ into a mirror to Two Guns. "Me!” he exclaimed. "Big White Chief put warrior on penny. But when it come to nickel only chief is big enough.” It happened the “liberal-handed” tourist Two Guns was talking to was a news photographer "grabbing some photo fea ture” stuff while visiting the park. Straightaway he went out and seized the buffalo nickel Indian feature and gave it wide circulation. While Two Guns White Calf lived (for twenty years after), he was hailed by every school child in the United States as the Indian whose face appeared on the buffalo nickel. And there was much controversy throughout the land! The artist—Fraser—who drew this In dian head for the buffalo nickel, when put with his back to the wall to decide the controversy, replied: “When I drew the Indian face for the buffalo nickel I had no particular Indian in mind. The face on the nickel is a composite of a mental photograph of all American Indians!” Whew! That was right into the laps of the defenders of the idea that ’twas Two Guns White Calf’s face, after all, since he was the most traveled Indian in the United States, and consequently during his missionary journeys in ex ploiting the marvelous beauties of the Rockies of Glacier National park, he must have left a greater Impression than any other individual Indian of recent years. Thus, up to the time he died (a couple By ELMO SCOTT WATSON © Western Newspaper Union. ’ HE buffalo and the Indian are about to do another “Vanishing American” act. They’re going to disap pear from our coinage. By law the design of a coin may not be changed oftener than once in 25 years and on February 21 of this year the familiar buffalo and Indian nickel, which replaced the Liberty nickel in 1913, reached the retire ment age. So Henry A. Morgenthau, secretary of the treasury, announced a contest for the design of its successor, a new five-cent coin to be known as the Jefferson nickel since it will have a portrait of Thomas Jefferson on one side and a replica of his home, Monticello, on the other. of years ago;, /wo Guns held the dis tinction of being the most statuesque In dian figure in the country. And, even to this day, he is still regarded as the Indian on the nickel, notwithstanding the artist’s disclaimer that no individual In dian ever posed for his nlc'~el design. Out on the reservation, an they’ll say is: "Well, Two Guns certainly was the counterpart of the Indian on the buffalo nickel.” So has come to pass a contro versy over a nickel and an Indian which created much argument for nearly the last quarter of a century. Even though Fraser’s state ment robbed many Americans of their belief that they had seen the "original” in Glacier park, the chances are that many of them did see one of the “originals” many times—that is, if they ever attended a Wild West show. For Chief Iron Tail, who as a young warrior had fought with his Og- lala tribesmen in the Custer battle and other engagements in the Sioux war of 1876-77, was among the Indians who traveled with Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild. West in this country and abroad, was later with the Combined Buffalo Bill and Pawnee Bill Wild West shows and still later with the Miller Brothers’ 101 Ranch show. During this time the Oglala was widely publicized as “the true original of the Indian on the buf falo nickel,” but most people dis missed that claim as “just an other circus press agent’s yam,” even though there was some ele ment of truth in it. Iron Tail died in 1916 while on a Chicago and Northwestern railroad train en route to Chicago. More notable in frontier history than Iron Tail was the other “original”—Two Moons of the Cheyennes. As a youth he dis tinguished himsef by his feats as a warrior against such tribal enemies as the Crows, the Paw nees, the Shoshones and the Gros Ventres. The opening of the war of 1876 found him the chief of a band of Cheyennes in the Powder river country and when the Chey ennes joined their allies, the Sioux, Two Moons had a con spicuous part in the Battle of the Rosebud, where Chief Crazy CHIEF TWO MOONS Horse defeated General Crook, and in the Battle of the Little Big Horn, where Custer was killed. Two Moons was in another fa mous battle—General Macken zie’s attack on the village of Chief Dull Knife of the Cheyennes that bitter winter night in 1876 when the power of his tribe was broken for all time. The next spring Two Moons led his people to Fort Keogh, Mont., where he surrendered to Gen. Nelson A Miles. After the close of the In dian wars Two Moons was looked upon as head chief of the Chey ennes and to the end of his days he was zealous in leading his peo ple in “the white man’s road.” The Indian on the buffalo nickel is riot the only symbolical figure on our coins which had a proto type in real life. The earliest was in 1860 when the “Indian head” one-cent piece was de signed. If you happen to have one of those old-style pennies in your pocket take a look at it. You don’t have to know much about the physiognomy of the red man to realize that the mod el for the head on the coin wasn’t an Indian. The "original” was a little twelve-year-old girl named Sar ah Longacre, whose father was the chief engraver at the Phil adelphia mint. When a compe tition for the design of a new cop per cent was announced, Long- acre decided to enter it. One day, while his daughter was in his office, a delegation of Indians from the West visited the mint. The friendly manner of the little girl pleased one of the Indian chiefs so much that he took off his war bonnet and placed it on her head. The ef fect was so striking that Long- acre immediately made a sketch of his daughter wearing the bar baric headdress, submitted it in the competition and won the award. “SUver Dollar Girl” The next girl to be immortal ized in our coinage was Anna Willess Williams of Philadelphia whose profile was used as the model for the “Goddess of Lib erty” on the old silver dollars. Back in 1876 George Morgan, an expert designer and engraver, was commissioned to prepare the design for a new silver dol lar that was to be minted at Phil adelphia. When he asked Thom as Eakins, a Philadelphia artist, to suggest some one who would act as a model for the head on this coin, Eakins recommended a young -girl named Anna Wil liams, whom he had known while she was an art student, as hav ing the most nearly perfect pro- 1 file that could be found at that, time. Miss Williams was then prin-' cipal of the girls’ school at the< House of Refuge in Philadelphia and it was only after much per suasion and the promise that her identity would not be made known that she consented to pose for Morgan in Eakins’ home. She is said to have been a very beau tiful girl, with fair complexion, blue eyes, and a Grecian nose. But her “crowning glory” was an abundance of golden hair, worn in a becoming soft coil. This was the most striking feature of the first design which Morgan made but later it was partially con cealed by the Liberty cap with its sheath and stars. For two years the identity of “Miss Liberty” on the new silver dollars was kept secret by the artist and ‘officials of the mint. Then a Philadelphia newspaper man revealed the fact that Miss Williams was the “silver dollar: girl.” Immediately she received many offers to go on the stage. But she declined all of them, pre-j ferring to continue teaching for $60 a month at the House of Ref uge until 1891 when she accepted, the position of teacher of kinder garten philosophy in the Girls’ Normal school in her native city. Among the romantic legends that became associated with thej “silver dollar girl” was one! which declared that the designer, of the new silver dollar fell in love, with his beautiful model and later! married her. But the fact is that Miss Williams never married but devoted her life to teaching until she retired in 1924 and died a. year or so later at the age of sixty-eight. In later years she was often asked to tell the story of how she came to be the mode) for “Miss Liberty” but she al ways smilingly referred to it as “an incident of my youth” and preferred to talk of her work in the kindergarten schools of Phil adelphia. “American Coin Girl” One other woman who gained fame because of a coin portrait was Miss Doris Doscher who be came known as the “American Coin Girl” after she had mod eled for the figure on the quarter- dollar which was designed by the famous sculptor, Hermon A. Mac- Neil. She is the girl you see walking down the stairs on the silver 25-cent piece, carrying an olive branch, signifying peace, in her right hand and grasping with her left hand the shield which symbolizes strength. On the other side of the quar ter is the figure of a flying eagle which, incidentally, caused considerable discussion when this new coin appeared. MacNeil showed the eagle with its legs trailing behind it, as did Augus tus Saint Gaudens, designer of the eagle on the new $20 gold pieces, which appeared at the same time. Immediately cer tain naturalists cried “nature fake!” and declared that when an eagle is in flight its legs are tucked up neatly under its breast instead of trailing out behind like a stork’s legs, though not quite so far behind. But the Philadel phia Academy of Natural Sci ences and the National Art Jury, which passes on the designs of all American coins, said that Saint Gaudens and MacNeil were not only great artists but close stu dents of natural history and that the legs on their eagles were correctly placed. So they (tha legs) continue to trail. Progress in Tuberculosis By DR. JAMES W. BARTON O Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. A NYONE who has regularly visited a relative or friend at a tuberculosis sanatorium learns the names of patients in adjoining rooms and wards, and can see the progress to ward recovery or otherwise Dr. Barton from week to week. Of course the physician can see the record of each patient—the range of tempera ture, the amount of coughing, the amount of daily spu tum, the number of times he breathes in a minute, and finally the X-ray film which shows whether the tuber culosis process is spreading, healing, or standing still. From the above he is able to tell the patient, or the family, just what to expect—three months, six months, or a year to recovery, or it may be just a matter of months before he passes away, notwithstanding all that can be done by way of food, fresh air, rest, or collapsing the lung by artificial air or by surgery to give it rest. What should help the patient to fight and family to hope, despite all the other signs, symptoms, and tests, is recorded by Dr. Allan S. Kennedy of Mountain sanatorium, Hamilton, Canada, in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Dr. Kennedy states that the blood pres sure—low or high—will give the physician a correct idea of the prog ress of the patient. “It is an accepted fact that ac tive and progressing tuberculosis of the lungs is accompanied by lower ing of the blood pressure.” “It is generally believed that tu berculosis patients with high blood pressure have very little tubercu losis, or, in any case, tend to heal the tuberculosis more quickly than people with normal or low blood pressure.” Response to Cold Tells. The response of the blood pres sure to cold—a test taken every few months, will show whether or not the patient is improving. Dr. Kennedy outlines the method used on 80 patients to obtain the blood pressure response to cold— putting hand and wrist of one side in near-freezing water for 25 sec onds—while blood pressure is taken on other arm. If the blood pressure response is poor—does not increase a definite amount—the patient is not improv ing ; if the response is good the patient is putting up a winning fight against tuberculosis. For Underweight Child. Some mothers are naturally dis tressed when they find that despite the amount and the variety of food eaten by their youngsters they still remain underweight. If the young ster is wiry or resembles one of the parents in being underweight at his age, not much is thought of it, but often there is no history of extreme underweight on either side. If abundant amounts of meats, vegetables and fruits have been giv en to maintain body structure and also liberal amounts of bread, but ter, milk and cream to provide energy and store up a little fat, with no proper amount of increase in weight, there is something wrong with the youngster and he should be examined by the family physi cian and dentist. For instance, there may be a his tory of thyroid trouble in the family and the youngster may be an early thyroid case. Should this be so, the amount of food eaten may be quite large, yet there will be no increase in weight; the youngster continues to be underweight. Another cause of underweight is infection of teeth and tonsils. So much of the body’s energy is being used to fight this infection that there is not enough left for proper growth aside from any increase in weight. Sometimes the youngster will play so hard and so long, perhaps stay up so late at nights, that he is actually tired all the time and the food eaten is not fully absorbed into the blood. When the cause for underweight has been removed—fatigue, goitre, infected teeth or tonsils—then what is called the upbuilding diet should be used. This includes all the usual foods—proteins (meat, eggs, fish, poultry, cereals), all the starch foods—(bread, sugar, potatoes), all the fat foods (cream, butter, egg yolks), and the minerals and vita mins (fruits, vegetables, dairy prod ucts). The next point is to give in creased amounts of the foods known to be fattening; an extra table spoonful of butter with each meal adds 300 calories, and improves the flavor of cereals, vegetables, and desserts without being noticeable when used as a seasoning. A table spoon of thick cream on cereal, or whipped cream on dessert, and of mayonnaise dressing on salad, will add 300 calories more. One or two tablespoons of olive oil at bedtime furnish 100 or 200 more calories and may help relieve constipation. 4^* Ruth Wyeth Spears LIGHT BLUE F/IBM % W E HAVE been hearing a good deal about American handcrafts lately. Of course, quilts have always been impor tant among our needlework hand crafts. So many readers have written asking me for more of the old fashioned embroidery stitches that were used in making crazy patchwork that I have collected dozens and dozens of these quaint stitches from old quilts. Some of them are so attractive and col orful that it seemed a pity not to use them for modem decora tive purposes. This gay little double house effect built upon blanket stitches with chain stitches flaunting from all gables was the invention of someone’s great-grandmother and I couldn’t resist using it for a luncheon set of light blue linen. It originally adorned a light blue satin patch in a quilt and all the other colors indicated here in the sketch are the original colors. All the strands of six-strand mercerized embroidery thread were used for the luncheon set. The mats were hemmed first and then the blanket stitches were taken through the hems to make a firm edge as shown at the lower right. All the other stitches used are clearly illustrated. Just the edge stitches without the little houses were used for the nap kins. Many more authentic old patchwork stitches are illustrat ed in a new leaflet which is free upon request with the booklet of fered below. Have you a copy of Mrs. Spears’ new book SEWING? It TIPS to Crardeners Seed Treatment CEEDS are sometimes treated to ^ hasten germination or to com bat disease. The following prac tices are recommended by Harold N. Coulter, vegetable expert of the Ferry Seed Institute. For more rapid germination: Chip or nick the seed coat of the following flower seeds: Lathy- rus (perennial sweet pea,) the lupins, moonflower, all morning glories, and annual sweet peas. Be careful not to damage the in terior of the seed. Remove the tough outer shell of abronia (sand verbena,) castor bean, nasturtium, and momor- dica. Soak the following flower seeds in water for 12 hours: Canna lily. Job’s tears, sweet pea, all morn ing glories, and momordica. For preventing disease: Soak the following vegetable seeds in hot water at exactly 122 degrees F. for precisely 30 min utes to combat black rot and black leg: Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and collards. Tarotfa PQecipa of) tha PIMIENTO BISQUE 'HE soup described below is delicious. It has a delectable contains forty-eight pages of step- by-step directions for making slip covers and dressing tables; cur tains for every, type of roc n; lampshades, rug and other v • e- ful articles for the home. C ”y will be sent postpaid, upon e- ceipt of 25 cents (coins f e- ferred). Address Mrs. Spears, -10 South Desplaines St., Chicago, 111. LINEAGE LONGER THAN a KING 9 SI Fob 80 years, generation after generation of flower and vege table seeds have been grown and gradually perfected by the unique Ferry-Morse Seed- Breeding Institute. Some have twenty generations behind them —for it takes time to produce prize-winning strains. Each year, before Ferry’a Seeds are packeted, the same Institute tests them all for growing ability—and grows and analyzes each variety for true- ness to type. Only seeds that have passed their tests appear in the famil iar Ferry’s Seeds store display. Choose your seeds there — and be sure of a fine garden this year! 5c a packet and up. 1938 novelties too! Ferry-Morse Seed Co., Detroit, San Francisco. FERRYS SEEDS Habit of Industry Acquire the habit of untiring 1m dustry and of doing everything well.—Todd. New Real Economyl X doe. St, Joseph Aspirin lOo 3 doe. St. Joseph Aapirin__20o 8 Vi dos. St. Joseph Aspirin 3Bo St.Josepli GENUINE PURE ASPIRIN Have Both If there is anything better than to be loved, it is loving.—Anon. flavor and the rich color of the pimientoes gives just the desired red touch to the finished product. 1 can cream of 1 tap. salt celery soup 2 slices of onion 1 cup milk it tap. paprika 3 pimientoes If canned condensed soup is used, prepare according to direc tions on the label and then add 1 cup of milk. If canned ready-to- serve cream of celery soup is used, pour the contents into a pan and add the cup of milk. Rub the pimientoes through a sieve and add to the soup. Add salt, onion and paprika and heat until the soup is hot. Stir frequently to pre vent scorching. Remove the onion before serving. Serves 6. MARJORIE H. BLACK. Our Friends Friends are not so easily mad* as kept.—Lord Halifax. BACKACHES NEED WARMTH Thousands who suffered miserable backache^ pains in shoulder or hips, now put on A\U cock’s Porous Plaster and find warm, sooth* ins relief. Muscle pains caused by rheuma tism. arthritis, sciatica, lumbagro and strains* all respond instantly to the glow of warmth that makes you fed good right away. Allcock's Plaster brings blood to the painful spot . . . treats backache where it is. Allcock’s lasts long, comes off easily. It is the original porous plaster... guaran teed to bring instant relief, or money back. Over K million AUcock’a Plasters used. Sft*. ALLCOCK’S