McCormick messenger. (McCormick, S.C.) 1902-current, December 15, 1938, Image 6
McCORMICK MESSENGER. McCORMICK, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1938
T
/# The Great and Joyful News of PEACE
Between America and Great Britain
Reached This City This Evening . . / 7
/ *
THE PEACE OF GHENT, 1814, AND TRIUMPH OF AMERICA—This allegorical picture, drawn by Wil
liam Plaoton, engraved by Chataignier and published by P. Price Jr. of Philadelphia, was very popular
throughout the United States after the end of the War of 1812. Its design is thus described: “Minerva repre
sents the wisdom of the United States, Mercury her commerce, Hercules her force. Minerva dictates their
conditions of peace, which Mercury presents to Brittania, and Hercules forces her to accept them. On the
shield of Minerva are the names of those who signed the treaty; on the obelisk, those of the braves. On the
other side America passes in triumph through the arch on her way to the Temple of Peace. She is attended
by Victory, and followed by a numerous train. Several trophies are seen, and in the background are the ruins
of the Capitol.”
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
• Western Newspaper Union.
O N CHRISTMAS Eve, 124
years ago, the English-
speaking peoples of the world
had good reason for singing
“peace on earth, good will to
men.” Over in the ancient
city of Ghent in southern
Netherlands (now Belgium),
eight men representing the
United States of America and
Great Britain were signing a
treaty to end the two-year
war which those two nations
had been carrying on against
each other.
It had been fought on sea
and on the soil of the United
States and her neighbor, Can
ada. It was the second war
which these two nations had
fought but it was destined to
be the last. During the next
century they kept the peace
established between them at
Ghent and symbolic of their
lasting friendship is the 1,00(K
mile border line between
Canada and the United States
along which there is not a sin
gle fortification on either
side. Not only have the two
nations kept the peace with
each other for more than 100
years but during that time
they have fought side by side
as allies in the greatest con
flict the world has ever
known.
A little over a month ago, they
were parties to another treaty^::
On November 17, in the historic,
mirrored East Room of the White
CHRISTOPHER HUGHES JR.
House where the ill-starred Kel-
logg-Briand anti-war pact was
signed, five men—Sir Ronald
Lindsay, British ambassador to
the United States; Arnold E.
Overton, secretary of the British
Board of Trade; Cordell Hull,
American secretary of state;
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
and Mackenzie King, prime min
ister of Canada, signed the trade
agreements which link the three
English-speaking democracies to
gether as common foes of inter
national trade barriers and align
them against the totalitarian pol
icy of “self-sufficiency.”
The Treaty of Ghent was the
delayed culmination of a chain of
events which had started within
three months after the war had
officially begun. On June 18, 1812,
President James Madison signed
the bill, passed by congress, de
claring war against Great Brit
ain. At that time John Quincy
Adams was American minister at
the Russian court. When the news
reached St. Petersburg, Czar
Alexander expressed his regret to
Adams that the two countries
should be at war and began mak
ing efforts to bring about a peace.
He sent instructions to - M.
Daschkoff, his representative at
Washington, to offer to the United
States his friendly services in
ending the war.' President Madi
son had been eager for a peace if
it could be secured on honorable
terms. In Russia’s offer he saw
a way to bring that about. He
immediately accepted Dasch-
koff’s offer and appointed Albert
Gallatin, secretary of the treas
ury, and Senator James A. Bay
ard of Delaware as envoys ex
traordinary, to act with Adams
diplomatic situation in Europe
which made it advisable for Eng
land to conclude a peace as
quickly as possible, finally put an
end to the wrangling. An agree
ment was reached on Christmas
Eve and the treaty was signed.
The treaty was immediately
taken to London by Mr. Baker,
secretary to Lord Gambier and
Mr. Carroll, one of the secre
taries of the American commis
sioners. There it was ratified on
December 28 by the Prince Re
gent and then sent to America
by the same messengers. They
sailed in the British sloop of war,
Favorite, on January 2, 1815, and
arrived in New York on the eve
ning of February 11.
Christopher Hughes had left
Ghent with a copy of the treaty at
the same time as the other mes
sengers, had proceeded to Texel
and there embarked for America
American Medal Commemorating the Treaty of Ghent,
in negotiating a peace treaty with
England at St. Petersburg.
The British government, how
ever, refused to treat for peace
under the auspices of Russia but
offered to open negotiations in
London, or in Gottenburg in
Sweden. President Madison im
mediately accepted this proposal
and chose the latter place for the
meeting. A short time later the
city of Ghent was substituted for
Gottenburg.
There the American commis
sioners assembled in the summer
of 1814. They were John Quincy
Adams, James A. Bayard, Albert
Gallatin, Henry Clay of Kentucky,
and Jonathan Russell. The sec
retary of the American commis
sioners was Christopher Hughes
Jr., then our charge d’affaires at
Stockholm.
The British commissioners
were Lord Gambier, Henry Goul-
burn and William Adams. They
arrived in Ghent in August and
negotiations began immediately.
But progress was slow for the
British representatives had been
instructed to make no concessions
to the main demands of the
Americans. Instead they were to
try to gain as many concessions
from them as possible.
This fact, combined with their
arrogant attitude, irritated the
Americans, who were suspicious
of virtually every suggestion of
fered by the Britishers. Especial
ly was this true of John Quincy
Adams, head of the delegation.
His irascibility increased as the
conference dragged on and on,
and only the tact and diplomacy
of Albert Gallatin more than once
saved the conference from ending
with nothing accomplished.
After a deadlock that lasted for
several weeks, there came from
America the news of the British
defeat at Plattsburgh. This
strengthened the hands of the
American commissioners and,
combined with a change in the
on the schooner Transit. This
vessel arrived at Annapolis, Md.,
two days after the Favorite
reached New York but Hughes
was in Washington with his copy
of the treaty before the ratified
copy arrived.
News of the arrival of the Fa
vorite in New York soon spread
over the city. The publisher of
the Mercantile Advertiser print
ed “extras”—slips of paper five
by six inches in size—which bore
these words:
PEACE
New York, Saturday Evening
9 O’clock, February 11, 1815
The great and Joyful news of PEACE
between the United States and Great
Britain reached this city this evening by
the British sloop of war. Favorite, tha
Hon. J. U. Mowatt, Esq. commander, in
forty-two days from Plymouth.
Henry Carroll. Esq., Secretary of the
American Legation at Ghent, is the wel
come bearer of the treaty, which was
signed at Ghent on the 24th. of Decem
ber by the respective commissioners,
and ratified by the British government
on the 28th. December. Mr. Baker, late
Secretary to the British Legation at
Washington, has also arrived in the sloop
of war with a copy of the treaty ratified
by the British government.
I
These “extras” were thrown
out of the windows of the news
paper office and eagerly caught
up by the excited crowds who, in
the words of a contemporary,
“made the night vocal with huz
zas.”
There was rejoicing in England,
too, and in both countries special
medals were struck in commem
oration of the great event. The
English medal bore on one side
the words “Treaty of Peace and
Amity Between Great Britain and
the United States of America,
Signed at Ghent December 24,
1814.” Upon the other side was
a feminine figure standing upon
the segment of a globe, bearing
the cornucopia of plenty, and
holding in one hand the olive
branch of peace. Surrounding this
figure were the words appropriate
to the Christmas season—“On the
Earth Peace, Good-Will to Men.’’
Despite all the rejoicing in both
England and America over the
- end of the war, it is noteworthy
that there was dissatisfaction
with the treaty in both countries.
The English Tories and their
newspapers condemned the treaty
because it yielded too much to
what they called the “insolent
Yankees” and they continued to
disparage the American people
and the American republic.
Among some factions in this
country the peace was regarded
almost as unsatisfactory as the
war had been. The anti-adminis
tration forces pointed out that the
important issue of impressment
of American seamen was not
mentioned in the treaty and such
problems as the dong-standing
dispute over boundaries, the New
foundland fisheries and naviga
tion of the Mississippi remained
unsolved.
i One of their newspapers, the
New York Evening Post, in its
“New Year’s Address,” had de
clared:
Your commerce is wantonly lost.
Your treasures are wasted and gone;
You’ve fought to no end, but with
millions of cost.
And for rivers of blood you’ve nothing
to boast
But credit and nation undone,
and when the terms of the treaty
were made known the criticism
in that stanza seemed abundantly
justified.
Despite all the abuse that was
heaped upon the treaty, and the
men who made it, it was ratified
by unanimous vote of the senate
• on February 17, 1815, and it was
promulgated the next day by
proclamation of President Madi
son. Although the American com
missioners had not gained all that
the administration had hoped
they might, in the words of one
historian, “far more important to
this country and the world than
ALBERT GALLATIN
the security of incidental advan
tages was the establishment, by
the war, of the positive and per
manent independence of the Unit
ed States, and with it a guarantee
to the posterities of the perpetua
tion arid growth of free institu
tions. Great Britain had been
taught, by the lessons of the war,
that the young republic, the off
spring of her oppressions, grow
ing more lusty every hour, would
no longer tolerate an insult, or
suffer its sovereignty to be ques
tioned without resenting the of
fense; and she was compelled to
sign a bond, as it were, to keep
the peace, in the form of an ac
knowledgment that she had, in
that republic, a formidable rival
for the supremacy of the seas,
which she was bound to respect.”
For America’s victories on the
' sea had been impressive and for
the first time in history the domi
nation of the “Mistress of the
Seas” had been successfully chal
lenged. On land, however, the
opposite had been true. With one
or two exceptions our military op
erations had been bungling and
more often resulted in defeat than
in victory.
And then, like the proverbial
bolt from the blue, came the news
that an American general had
won a victory over England’s
best troops. On January 8, 1815,
Gen. Andrew Jackson with his
motley army of Kentucky and
Tennessee frontiersmen. Creoles,
' and Jean Lafitte’s pirates, had
smashed the army -led by Gen
eral Pakenham against New Or
leans—an army composed of Wel
lington’s veterans who had helped
him win fame in the Peninsula
war.
Forgotten now was the dissatis
faction over the treaty; forgotten
were all the defeats and disasters
which had overtaken our armies
during the two years of the war.
“Old Hickory” Jackson was the
hero of the hour. “To a country
that had almost completely lost
faith in itself, to a country that
had almost learned to cringe, this
news came like a reprieve to a
man on the gallows. It was lit
erally crazed with joy, and in its
delirium it flung the name of An
drew Jackson against the stars.”
Christmas, 1814, may not have
been a very happy one for most
Americans. But Christmas, 1815,
certainly was. Andrew Jackson
had “saved the self-respect of the
nation” early in the year. By the
time Christmas came around a
new national prosperity was al
ready on the way and out of that
prosperity and the peacetime re
adjustment of national affairs
came eventually the “Era of
Good Feeling” which distin
guished the administration of
Madison’s successor, James Mon
roe.
HCW Tq SEW
4^ Ruth Wyeth Spears
1 BLACK
2 RED
3 BRIGHT BLUE
<0
^CROSS-STITCH
SQUARES ON i
ROUND 3 '/£•
THREAD ART LINEN WITH
A HARD TWIST
NEEDLEPOINT YARN
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
i
✓ ^•BACKING OF
V BRIGHT BLUE
VELVET
Cross-stitch pincushion a best seller.
'T'HE Town Improvement asso-
ciation was giving a sale to
raise funds in a village where we
were visiting. Our hostess had
been to the sale early in the day
and triumphantly displayed tiny
cross-stitched pincushions pur
chased for Christmas gifts. They
were so colorful and quaint that
we went in search of some. We
found them, but on every one was
pinned a ticket “SOLD”! The lady
had scored a hit who made those
little three-inch pincushions as her
contribution to the faneywork
booth. They were kept for dis
play even after they were sold.
The top of the cushion should
be made on tapestry canvas or
round thread art linen so that the
threads may be counted easily in
making the cross-stitches. This
foundation material should be
marked off in 1-inch squares as
shown in the diagram at the upper
right. The numbers indicate the
color used for cross-stitching each
square. The velvet used for back
ing adds the richness that all
small gifts should have. Sawdust
or hair from an old mattress are
most satisfactory for stuffing.
If you would like to make some
of these cushions for gifts or for
your next bazaar, clip these direc-
Given Time, the Lad
Could Locate Her
The butcher boy was on his way
to deliver an order when he was
accosted by a lady who apparently
was seeking someone in the neigh
borhood.
“Young man, can you please
tell me which one of these houses
Mrs. Smith lives in?” asked the
“Mrs. Smith?” said the youth,
in reply, “let me see now. ’Tain’t
pork chops, lean—for that’s No. 3,
over there, and it ain’t two pounds
of round steak and juicy—that’s
No. 142 round the corner. Hmm!
Oh! it must be rib roast and ten
der, with a piece of suet, and
hard to collect. Yep, that’s Smith’s.
No. 9, right over there, ma’am.”
tions and keep them as they are
not in either of the books offered
below.
NOTE: Mrs. Spears’ Book 2—
Gifts, Novelties and Embroidery,
has helped thousands of women to
use odds and ends of materials
and their spare time to make
things to sell and to use. Book 1—
Sewing, for the Home Decorator,
is full of inspiration for every
homemaker. These books make
delightful Christmas gifts. Mrs.
Spears will autograph them on re
quest. Crazypatch quilt leaflet is
included free with every order for
both books. Address: Mrs. Spears,
210 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, HL
Books are 25 cents each.
TA Naf/onaf
hui/u’orcL
st.Josepn
For Genuine
PURE
ASPIRIN
GENUINE PURE ASPIRIN
Deadly Excess
Surfeit has killed many more
men than famine.—Theognis.
BLACKMAN
STOCK and POULTRY
MEDICINES
GET RESULTS!
* Blackman’s Medicated Uck-A-Brlk
* Blackman’s Stock Pawdar
* Blackman's Hog Pawdar
* Blackman's Poultry Pawdar
* Blackman’s Poultry Tablots
* Blackman's Uca Pawdar
HIGHEST QUAUTY—IOWEST PRICE
Satisfaction Guarantmmd
or Your Monoy Badri
BUY FROM YOUR DKALKR
BLACKMAN STOCK MEDICINE CO.
CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEI
MThen you ask your dealer for Arid-
Free Quaker State Winter Oil, you are
taking the maximum precaution to insure
care-free Winter driving. Quaker State
pioneered in the development of motor
oils for Winter use. Its lout cold test will
relieve you of starting troubles. Each drop
of oil is rich, pure, full-bodied lubricant
.. . pure as the driven snow ... so pure
that troubles from sludge, carbon or cor
rosion are wholly overcome. Quaker
State Oil Refining Corp., Oil City, Pa.
Quaker State Winter Oil