Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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f f McCORMICR MESSENGER, McCORMICK. S. C.. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1938 How the United States Has Kept the Peace for 20 Years An Article for Armistice Day By NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER W HEN the last gun sounded pn the morn ing of Armistice Day, November 11, 1918, the civi lized world drew a long breath, satisfied that “the war to end wars” had come to a close and that war was ended for all time. Thought ful men realized, however, that the Adea of using war to settle disputes between na tions was buried deep in the consciousness of men, and that it was doubtful if the lessons of the World war would be sufficiently clear to turn the thoughts of men to a newer and more intelligent course of action. What were the lessons of the World war? First—that 10,000,000 lives were sacrificed in the war that was fought to end all wars. Second—the loss in money was equally staggering. In 1920, the Carnegie Endow ment published Ernest L. Bogart’s book “The Direct and Indirect Cost of the Great War.” He stated that thd direct money cost was $186,233,637,097, and the indi rect cost $151,812,352,560, a total of $338,045,989,657. These figures do not include the cost of human lives and vitality. Third—that wars engender gigantic economic problems which affect the conquerors as adversely as the van quished.^ The history of the past 20 years of attempts to keep the peace among the nations of the world is CORDELL HULL known to all adults. The incep tion of the League of Nations and the difficulties which befell it are a matter of record. The Pact of Paris. One of the most vital actions taken by the United States in be half of world peace and interna tional law and order was the signing of the Pact of Paris 1t>y some 62 nations. The pact “abol ishing the conception of war as a legitimate means of exercising pressure on another state in the pursuit of national policy, and re moving all recourse to armed force for the solution of interna tional disputes and conflicts,” is a significant milestone in the slow and halting cause of human prog ress. Public opinion in this coun try should demand that the Unit ed States never repudiate the principles of this pact. ' The world, particularly the American world, is slowly awak ening to the fact that under these Twentieth -.century conditions nothing of importance can hap pen to any people on any conti nent without having some effect, and often very great effect, ©n every other people on earth. Ear ly in June, 1938, in speaking to the State Bar association at Nashville, Term., Mr. Secretary Cordell Hull made the most sig nificant, the most forward-facing and the most constructive speech which has been made by any public officer in the United States since 1920. It may well be that that speech is to mark a turning- point in this epoch of world his tory. Mr. Hull said: “It is my firm conviction that national isolation is not a means to security, but rather a fruit ful source of insecurity. For while we may seek to withdraw from participation in world af fairs, we cannot thereby with draw from the world itself. At tempts to achieve national isola tion would not merely deprive us of any influence in the councils of nations, but would impair our ability to control our own af fairs . . . “Solemn contractual obliga tions are brushed aside with a light heart and a contemptuous gesture. Respect for law and ob servance of the pledged word have sunk to an inconceivably low level. The outworn slogans of the glorification of war are again resounding in many por tions of the globe. Armed force, naked and unashamed, is again being used as an instrument of policy and a means of attaining national ends through aggression and aggrandizement. It is being employed with brutality and sav agery that outrage and shock ev ery humane instinct. “There is desperate need in our country, and in every coun try, of a strong and united pub lic opinion in support of such a renewal and demonstration of faith in the possibility of a world order based on law and interna tional co-operative effort.” Thus spoke the statesman look ing facts in the face, turning his back upon empty and meaning less formulas and facing the fu ture with insight and with cour age. But there is no time to be lost. The familiar public policy of “Wait and See” will not do. The time has come for quick, courageous and constructive leadership, and it is possible now for the American people, in the spirit of that declaration, to offer it, both to their own advantage and for the rebuilding of the broken foundations of world pros perity and world peace. Isolation Not an American Policy. The superstition that our tra ditional policy is one of isolation is contradicted by every fact in American history from the time of Benjamin Franklin to the pres ent day. We have not only never been isolated but we have sought every opportunity to explain our life, our institutions, our ideals to peoples in other parts of the world, and particularly to the peoples of France and of Great Britain. What was Benjamin Franklin doing while spending 22 years of his life in Paris and in London? What was Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declara tion of Independence, doing when sitting in the gallery of Versailles yonder and listening to the de bate on the Declaration of the Rights of Man? What was John Adams doing, living in London and explaining the new Federal Constitution to the British peo ple? What was being done by our great constructive secretaries of state from that time almost to this—John Quincy Adams, Dan iel Webster, William H. Seward, Hamilton Fish, Elihu Root, every one of them a powerful force in the affairs of the whole world, every one of them offering helpful co operation, constructive criticism and guidance on behalf of the American people? If by a policy of isolation is meant that our people intend at every possible cost to refrain from war, well and good; but that is not isolation: it is some thing quite different. We are now dealing with the real underlying forces, forces of thought, forces of opinion—the forces which move men in their social, eco nomic and political life. It is habitual with certain of our public men who hail isolation as a policy to quote a sentence from President Washington’s farewell address and another sentence from Thomas Jeffer son’s first inaugural. Indeed, what they usually do is to quote the sentence from Jefferson’s first inaugural and ascribe it to Washington’s farewell address. Both men were effective expo nents of the policy of inter national collaboration and co-op eration, and what those two sen tences meant was a warning not to become involved in the Napole onic wars, which some years lat er we managed to do in the form of the War of 1812. We do not realize how powerful has been the movement among our people not only to co-operate in main taining prosperity and peace, but in offering leadership and guid ance and counsel to that end. Run your eye back over the history of the last 40 years. The Czar’s Appeal. It is a little more than 40 years since there was issued in the name of the Czar of All the Rus- sias the most extraordinary ap peal to other governments that the world has ever heard. It is a classic document entitled to rank with the very highest, invit ing those governments to come forth and counsel together as to ways and means of collaborating to preserve the peace of the world. The result was the First Hague conference of 1899. Presi dent McKinley rejoiced at the possibility of accepting this invi tation and sent to that conference a delegation of outstanding Americans, at whose head was Andrew D. White, statesman and educator. It was the American delegation which saved that con ference from hopeless failure, be cause, when the governments could not agree upon some of the largest phases of the questions submitted to them, it was the American delegation which pro- V) Few men are better equipped to write of world affairs than Nicholas Murray Butler, the president of Columbia university, who is also the president of the Carnegie En dowment for International Peace. Dr. Butler has been awarded the Nobel Peace prize, has been given degrees by universities the wfirld over. He has had an inside view of all of the steps in foreign af fairs taken by the United States and other nations since the Armistice of November 11, 1918. His library at 60 Morningside Drive, New York, contains a valuable collec tion of books by the leading statesmen of all nations, many of_ whom are his personal friends. The adviser of Presi dents and Prime Ministers, Dr. Butler is as optimistic to day as when he counseled with Andrew Carnegie on the prob- ill w! I mm :■■■' Copyrlgtrt, ^ i. Underwood & Underwood NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER lems of educating public opinion for world peace more than a quarter of a century ago. posed that they should agree upon bringing into existence a Permanent Court of Arbitration. That was done. The court was set up and in a year or two it began to function. Next came the invitation of 1908. There is hardly an American who knows how far our public opinion went at that fortunate time, almost exactly 30 years ago. It was on June 4, 1910, that this joint resolution was on the calendar of the house of rep resentatives at Washington. A Real Program for Peace. The resolution was to author ize the appointment of a com mission in relation to universal peace: “Resolved—that a commission of five members be appointed by the President of the United States to consider the expedience of uti lizing existing international agen cies for the purpose of limiting the armaments of the nations of the world by international agree ment, and of constituting the combined navies of the world an international force for the pres ervation of universal peace, and to consider and report upon any other means to diminish the ex penditures of government for mil itary purposes and to lessen the probabilities of war.” What happened to that remark able resolution? It passed the house of representatives by unan imous consent. It went to the senate on June 20, and four days following, it passed the senate also by unanimous consent, and was signed by the President of the United States. So the govern ment of the United States was then proposing to lead the way to .vW&f the establishment of an interna tional police force for the protec tion of international law and in ternational morality. Was that isolation? It is vitally important, not only for America but for the whole civilized world to realize what our people and our government were unanimously prepared to do then, and to bring them back to be prepared to do it now. Strides Toward Peace. Great progress was made, al though by different methods and in various directions, between 1919 and 1929. Steps were taken now here, now there, to improve in ternational relations and interna tional conditions. I shall always believe the untimely death, first of Dr. Stresemann and, then of M. Briand to be largely respon sible for checking the construc tive movement which was then going forward. Immediately thereafter came the world eco nomic and monetary crisis in which we still live and which holds every nation in its grasp. It is a complete illusion to think that there is a French crisis and a German crisis and an English crisis and an American crisis and an Argentine crisis. There is a world crisis, which expresses it self under different conditions and limitations in each country, but at bottom the causes and their effects are absolutely one and the same. Understanding those facts and looking them in the face, why have we not been able to make progress in solving these ques tions? Why is it that the world is going on using up the savings of a thousand years and borrowing as against the possible savings of generations to come? Why is it that we have been unable thus far in any considerable degree to co-operate to check the growth of these destructive forces, eco nomic and social, every one of which makes for the undermining of prosperity and for temptation to destroy peace? Why is it? Thdre met in London, at Chat ham house, in March, 1935, 61 of the leading personalities of the world, statesmen, economists, bankers, industrialists, diplomats, coming from a dozen countries. They spent days in intimate con sultation as to how to answer the question which I am now asking. To the great surprise of them selves as well as of everyone else, those 61 men, with different backgrounds and different points of view, agreed unanimously upon a program of economic and monetary reform. That program, simple and easily understood, has been enthusiastically accept ed by the International Chamber of Commerce and by the Car negie Endowment for Interna tional Peace, and those two bod ies are now working day and night in their quiet way to press it upon the attention of the public and of the governments in order to stop the policy of “Wait and See” and to get something done. Any observer of human nature and of government must know that the longer we “Wait and See,” the more ammunition we present to dictatorship in what, ever form it may show itself. An Age-Old Problem. We permit these forces to re peat themselves generation after generation, century after centu ry. We look at them as if they were utterly new, as if the world had never heard of them before; and yet in one way or another, from the time of ancient Egypt, man has had to deal with this problem in some one of its forms. We are face to face with that and it can only be solved hr one or two ways. If I may contra dict myself, the first way will not solve it. It may be solved by force, which means a temporary solution only, or it may be solved by reason. The minorities prob lem is not new. Fortunately, France has been very little trou bled with it. But look at Great Britain: Angles, Saxons, Danes, Normans, Scots, Celts. War aft er war for 500 years and then finally they found a solution. They can all live in peace and qufct and order together. We in America have had a very grave minorities problem with our colored people. It led to a vast civil war which almost dis rupted the nation, and it took 70 years before it came to a climax. So, when you see these minori ties problems elsewhere, in Asia, in Africa, in Eastern Europe, do not forget that we have had no end of experience with that prob lem and that there are only the two ways of dealing with it: by force, which does not settle it, and by reason, which will settle it. Time, good order, kindly feel ing, highmindedness, moral standards and faith in human na ture are necessary. As one goes about the world to day, he must be impressed with the discouragement which is felt everywhere. That is not the way to solve anything. Pessimism, is the last resource of the coward. Optimism, faith in mankind, be lief in ideas, courage and willing ness to call upon your fellow-men to come up out of their little nar row personal environments and to show themselves citizens of their nations and of the world, to constitute a constructive force that, instead of making this Twentieth century of ours the end of an era, will show that we have been able to make it the begin ning of a new order in a peaceful and a prosperous world. © Western Newspaper Unlo« _ Farm lOPICS DUBBING TO KEEP COMBS FROM FROST Simple Operation Prevents Damage to the Birds. By G. T. Klein. Extension Poultry Husband man, Massachusetts State College.— WNU Service. Dubbing of the comb and wattles of chickens is a very easy way of preventing injury from freezing. Dubbing is not a bloody and dan gerous operation. The comb and wattles are removed with a pair of tin snips with rounding points when the birds are about 8 or 10 weeks old. There is usually so little bleeding that no precautions to stop it are necessary. Perchloride of iron is a common remedy for stopping flow of blood on birds that give trouble. Dubbed birds should be yarded by themselves, but other extra care is seldom necessary. The dubbed birds are not par ticularly attractive, but this is no disadvantage for the production breeder interested in eggs and high hatches of salable chicks. The dubbed males stand up better in the breeding pen and are not affected by cold weather. With leghorns there is an advan tage in dubbing both males and fe males. With heavy breeds this is not so necessary with the hens. In sections where dubbing is ex tensively followed there is a feeling that* dubbed birds are more valua ble as breeders, not only the first year but the second and third years. This seems entirely reasonable since the comb is a secondary sex organ and is generously supplied with blood. When this supply of blood is not needed by the comb it probably goes to the reproductive organs. Urged to Be Cautious In Feeding Live Stock Proceed with caution this fall cat tle and lamb feeders are advised by W. H. Peters, chief of the division of animal and poultry husbandry at University farm, St. Paul. An analysis of the situation, ex plains Peters, indicates a strong de mand for feeder cattle and lambs, with no weak spot in sight. The present feed supply is larger than last year’s, and all feed prices are a little lower. And while the mar ket on grain-fat cattle and fed lambs is some lower than a year ago, it is in a fairly strong posi tion compared to feeder animal cost and feed expense. Added to this is a prediction for stronger industrial activity through the winter and spring months, with hope for a slightly larger outlet for quality meat. Many cattle and lambs will go to market from the range and pastures in a good grass-fat condition and will be taken by the packers at prices prohibitive to the feeder, says Peters. If thin enough, well-bred cattle and lambs of high grade are a good buy, but their price may be pushed too high as fall buying proceeds. No farmer should buy animals of feeder type unless he has feed suit able for fattening. More money is lost through trying to fatten high priced steers and lambs on cheap coarse feed than by any other prac tice in the feeding business. Either buy concentrates to go with the coarse feed, or stay out of the busi ness, he says. Peters suggests that the farmer with a large supply of coarse feed and little grain buy ewes and raise lambs for next spring, or buy cows and raise calves. He might also buy young heifers or steers and not fatten them, but grow them to an in crease in weight and age, thereby making a little money on the coarse feed. Marking Broody Hens As broody hens are not profitable in the laying house, and as broodi ness is hereditary, commercial breeders discard all hens that show any decided tendency in this direc tion. Their method of identifying these broody hens is quite simple. They use colored celluloid leg bands, a different color for each month. Whenever a hen goes broody, she is banded with a ring showing the color used for the cur rent month. Thus it is easy, not only to learn the number of times a hen has quit laying, but also to tell just when these gaps in production have occurred. This supplies much needed information when the poul- tryman starts to cull his flock and to select breeding stock for the fol lowing year. Preserving Fence Posts The United States Forest service has developed a simple, cheap “tire tube” treatment to prevent or re tard decay in fence posts. Zinc chloride is the chemical used as a preservative. The butts of fresh-cut posts are peeled for a foot or more. Then a section of an old inner tube is closely fitted over each peeled sec tion and tied with strong cord. The zinc solution is poured into the open ends of the tube and left until it has been absorbed. It displaces the sap. Modern Bethlehem Bethlehem in Judea today has a mayor and a fine police station. A road sign at its city limit warns chauffeurs to “drive slowly,” and the girls who used to carry classic pottery to the well now arrive there with an old gasoline can to carry the water. This is the time of ye«r when town and rural folk aiv getting ready for Winter. You* car is as important then as now. Give it a thought. Be forehanded. Stop at your favorite dealer and let hi™ drain the Summer-worn oil and put in Acid-Free Quaker State Winter Oil. You’ll be thankful the first cold morning.—Adv. Awake at Day Success consists not so much in sitting up at night as being wide awake during the day. Wait, Mother- Ask Your Doctor First Never give your children unknown ^Bargain** remedies to take un less you ask your doctor. A mother may save a few pennies giving her children unknown prep arations. But a child’s life is pre cious beyond pennies. So—Ask {four doctor before you give any remedy you don’t know all about. And when giving the common children’s remedy, milk of mM^ nesia, always ask for “Phillips” Milk of Magnesia. Because for three generations Phillips’ has been favored by many physicians as a standard, reliable and proved preparation — marvel ously gentle for youngsters. Many children like Phillips*, in the newer form — tiny peppermint- flavored tablets that chew like candy. Each tablet contains the equivalent of one teaspoonful of the liquid Phillips.’ 25ff for a big box. A bottle of Phillips* liquid Milk of Magnesia costs but 25/. So—-any one can afford the aenuine. Careful mothers ask for it by its full name “Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia.”^^^ PHILLIPS’ MILK OF MAGNESIA it IN LIQUID OR TABLET FORM French Slanguage The French language surpass** all other languages in slang cabulary, says Collier’s. HANDY Monte lUe* MOROUNE ■ SNOW-WHITE PETROLEUM JELLY SmaU Part Who knows only his own side of 1 the case knows little of that. NERVOUS? Do you feel «o nervous you went to serearaT Are you cross and irritable? Do you scold those dearest to you? If your nerves are on edge and you feel you need a good general system tonic, try Lydia E. Pinkhsm's Vegetable Compound, made tapeciaUy for women. For over 60 years one woman has told an other how to go “smiling thru" with reliable Pinkham s Compound. It helps nature build up more physical resistance and thus helps calm quivering nerves and lessen discomforts •«. • cnance to neip ZUUT Over one million women have written in reporting wonderful benefits from Pinkhsm’s Compound. 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