Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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I McCORMICK MESSENGER, McCORMICK, S. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1938 Weekly News Review Trans portation Bruekart 9 * Washington Digest Dewey Faces Tremendous Job Campaigning Against Lehman By Joseph W. La Bine Politics To New York state voters, No vember’s gubernatorial election will be a matter of choosing between two worthy men, once co-workers against crime, now political oppo nents through trick of circumstance. Odds appear to be growing that the Democratic Gov. Herbert H. Leh man will beat Manhattan’s racket- busting District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, Republican nominee. Merits for Dewey: An amazing record of fighting New York city’s criminal element since he was ap pointed special prosecutor by Gov ernor Lehman in 1935. Young (only 38), handsome, a crusader, he nev ertheless has little governmental background outside the court room. Merits for Lehman: Almost 40 years’ manufacturing and banking experience that have enabled him to run the Empire state on a business basis. He battled successfully against legislative opposition to his sweeping set of laws expediting criminal procedure, went on to wipe out a $100,000,000 deficit left by his predecessor, Franklin Roosevelt. Dewey Support: New York state Republicans. He must win 250,000 votes which Lehman controlled in CANDIDATE LEHMAN One good man against another, 1936, must also win the powerful labor vote which, though it helped elect him district attorney last year, is still Democratic. Lehman support: New York state Democrats, who have controlled the governorship many years; New York city Jewry, because Lehman is Jewish; Tammany (what is left of it), because Tammany bitterly dislikes Tom Dewey for prosecuting its favorite son, Jimmy Hines; the American Labor party, because Lehman has endorsement of both A F. of L. and C. I. O. Since he must attack his strong est points, Candidate Dewey’s first blast was against Tammany, which necessitated dragging Candidate Lehman into the picture. Uninten tionally, said Mr. Dewey, the gov ernor is **the good will advertising, the front man and window dressing for a thoroughly corrupt machine.” Proud of his own anti-crime record, Governor Lehman answered he was “amazed” that the young district attorney would “abandon” his rack ets prosecution to enter government al affairs in which he has “no real record of accomplishment.” What everyone knows is that Tom Dewey can have anything he wants from the Republican party, even the * 1940 presidential nomination, if. he wins. That is one reason Franklin Roosevelt was willing to patch up his quarrel .with Governor Lehman, who opposed the Supreme court en largement bill. It is also why New York’s campaign is attracting na tional attention. Agriculture Depressed by glutted markets and the passing of Europe’s war scare, wheat stood October 1 at about 50 cents on the farm, while cotton sold at about 8 cents. This happened despite Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace's sincere efforts to win economic “equality for agricul ture,” a status for which the New Deal has struggled since 1933. Added to the administration’s woes is November’s general elec tion, in which Republicans could lure much New Deal farm support by advocating a direct price subsidy with unrestricted production, as against the current farm legisla tion which seeks to stabilize prices by controlling production. Partly for fear of such political opposition. Secretary Wallace has been advocating a restoration of processing taxes, which were thrown out by the Supreme court because -they were collected for a specific purpose, and which could now be enacted as part of the gen eral revenue. From this fund would be paid subsidies on surplus farm products placed on the usually low- price export market. This is the administration’s plan. A second idea, the McAdoo-Eicher bill, would order the agriculture de partment to determine each year’s prospective crop and the demand for it, then telling each farmer how much of his crop could be sold at the “cost of production” price. The rest would be sold abroad. Chief objection here is that all farmers would raise all the grain they could, knowing a portion of it would be sold at home for a handsome price. In the end, granaries would be flooded. Another plan, said to carry some Republican support, calls for unre stricted production, with the govern ment subsidizing farmers the dif ference between the free market price and the “fair” price, revenue to come from a processing tax. This, too, might soon lead to flooded granaries, reducing the market price and making subsidy payments too large for the government to bear. For cotton, the administration has made specifically different propos als, opposing export subsidies and favoring subsidies on domestic con sumption. Now being studied is a dovetailing plan subsidizing manu facturers who agree to process cot ton for low-price sale to relief and low income families. Whether Republicans can make much campaign capital from preaching against the New Deal’s farm policy, is problematical. Ad mitting each party has a political interest, it must also be admitted that'each is sincere in attempting to help producers. It may be a choice between exploring untried plans under Secretary Wallace’s leadership, or attempting once more such measures as the Republican McNary-Haugen and export deben ture farm bills. Foreign As might be expected, the world’s first reaction to Munich’s peace was a prayer of thanksgiving that war had been avoided. For the moment, England’s Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was a hero, as was France’s Premier Edouard Dala- dier. But on sober reflection the treaty took another color. Both Chamberlain and Daladier are now threatened with political oblivion on the charge that they “sold out.” Though France “steamrollered” through parliament the pact that gave Adolf Hitler his every demand in the Czechoslovakian Sudeten ter ritory, a senatorial election comes up late this month in which Premier Daladier’s Radical Socialist party may be defeated by leftist Leon Blum’s Socialists. In England, the chief objector to Mr. Chamberlain’s policy was Al fred Duff Cooper, first lord of the admiralty, who resigned charging England had surrendered to the “bluster and blackmail” of Adolf Hitler. Throughout the crisis Mr. Chamberlain’s “inner cabinet” act ed independently, a policy which caused hard feelings among other cabinet members and created an anti - Chamberlain parliamentary bloc. Not speaking, but a threaten ing political opponent of Mr. Cham berlain is Anthony Eden, one-time foreign secretary who resigned in LONDON PROTESTER Is Chamberlain’s star falling? opposition to the cabinet’s “consort ing” with dictators. By “consorting,” Mr. Chamber- lain has surrendered to Hitler and Mussolini, making the Reich su preme in Europe, giving Germany more land and power than she en joyed under Kaiser Wilhelm in 1914. With Czechoslovakia being slowly dismembered by Germany, Poland and Hungary, little remains in the path of treaty-breaking Reichs- fuehrer Hitler’s drive to the south eastern wheat lands. Moreover, Germany now becomes a serious contender for world trade with the new industries she acquires in the Sudetenland. White House Having ended the first quarter of its fiscal year with a deficit of $700,000,000, the U. S. treasury may outstrip its 1936 record before the year is up. Based on the quarter just ended, total year’s deficit would be $2,800,000,000, considerably less than 1936’s figure of $4,360,000,000. Still to come, however, are next winter’s emergency unemployment relief, railroad aid and other spend ing recommendations given to con gress. From Chicago to the Pacific north west run a half dozen or more rail roads, each over a separate road bed, each serving different territory, each a stepchild of pioneer boom days. Today, when the Northwest’s trade has settled down to normalcy, when trucks, busses and automo biles have stolen much short haul business, railroads find their expen sive investments paying poor divi dends. Since rural communities were usually built in the wake of rail ex pansion, a shut-down in service would bring civic disaster, more over would throw men out of work and thus cause national disaster. Another of railroading’s problems are its 929,000 workers whose pay has been increased 182 per cent since 1916, whose laboring hours have dropped through faster sched ules and federal legislation. Wages, small traffic and duplica tion of service roll up into a national problem that today finds one-third of all rail mileage in receivership, another one-third on bankruptcy’s COMMITTEEMAN STACY On his shoulders, a big task. brink; that last winter brought con gressional talk of transportation co ordination for railroads, busses, trucks, airplanes; that caused rail roads to order a 15 per cent pay cut effective October 1; that caused protesting rail workers to call a strike the same day. Upshot of threatened pay cuts and strikes has been President Roose velt's invocation of the 1926 Railway Labor act, automatically effecting- a 60-day truce between employers and employees: 30 days (until October 27) while a fact-finding committee investigates, 30 more days while the President considers remedial steps which will probably be congress’ first order of business next winter. Committeemen now at work in clude University of Chicago’s Prof. Harry A. Millis, Harvard Law School’s Dean James M. Landis,, and North Carolina Supreme Court Justice Walter P. Stacy, chairman. Early this month at Washington, railroad management (represented by J. Carter Fort) and railroad la bor (by Charles M. Hay) began pre senting their cases. Management’s claims: Business is critical, 20 per cent under last year. Causes are depression, de creased traffic, competition from other forms of transportation, ex cessive taxation, restrictive rate- making rules, increased material prices, low passenger and freight rates, high wages, burdensome union rules. About 250,000 rail em ployees lost their jobs last year, but the remainder now earn a higher average salary ($1,785) than the average worker. Labor’s claims: Railroads have top-heavy capital structure and management is by “railroad bank ers.” Average 1937 wage was not $1,785 but $1,115 (computed by throwing in every man who worked two months or less, while manage ment’s $1,785 average includes only men working part of every month). Wage cuts will solve no problems, effect no reforms. Only cure is a comprehensive national plan for regulation and correlation of all ) transportation. While Justice Stacy’s committee gathers facts, railroad-vs.-labor opinion is growing throughout the U. S. Most Americans believe la bor should take some cut (though not necessarily 15 per cent) in view of similar steps taken by other in dustries. Biggest result of the squabble has been to focus atten tion on the railroads’ plight, shov ing wage disputes into the back ground. A moot question is whether rail labor would not suffer through the very co-ordination of transpor tation it recommends, since this would automatically erase duplicat ed service, consequently decrease employment in the rail industry. People Just turned 67, Secretary of State Cordell Hull enjoyed a rest after a month’s harried preoccupation with the European crisis, heard many people were considering him seri ously as Democratic presidential nominee in 1940. # Arturo Toscanini, renewed or chestra leader, lost his passport at Milan, Italy, for anti-Fascist attir tude, disappeared into France after announcing he was “determined” to get back to the U. S. in time for the winter music season. • Returning to private life after 43 years in the army, Maj. Gen. George Van Horn Moseley declared the nation suffered from “lack of outstanding leadership,” voiced crit icism of relief policies. Peace Bought by Pieces of Nation Likely to Last Only for 4 A While’ Much in Situation in Central Europe Has Not Been Told; Roosevelt and Hull Handled Affair With Fine Ability; .Versailles Treaty Blamed for Trouble. By WILLIAM BRUCKART WNU Service, National Press Bldg., Washington, D^C. WASHINGTON.—It appears that the world is going to be spared a general European war for a while, and yet it should be recognized that the period of peace that has been bought with pieces of a nation is likely to be only “a while.” From all of the information available in Washington’s diplomatic corners combined with the judgment of men who know European politics—and European human nature—it seems that the balance is so delicate as to permit a powder keg being fired by an inconsequential firecracker. Nevertheless, there is much that has not been told about the situation. Little has been said, for instance, about the basic problem in the cen ter of Europe, nor has there been real frankness about the part which American representatives had in the original setting of the present day grief. American political conditions —domestic politics—obviously con stitute one reason why there has been only infrequent references to the underlying causes of the trouble. A more important reason, however, is that if there had been much talk about our original interest, there would have been many more sug gestions from abroad that Uncle Sam should come in and act as arbiter. Surely, there was no one in this country willing that Presi dent Roosevelt should do that. Mr. Roosevelt foresaw that possibility early; so he confined American ef forts to earnest pleas for avoidance of war, for use of common sense methods of settlement. I think that Mr. Roosevelt and Secretary Hull of the state depart ment handled the extremely deli cate situation with fine ability. The pleas which went out to contending forces carefully avoided possibility of entanglements; yet, even the boll- headed Hitler must have felt the pressure that was represented by them, pressure on whatever ma chinery within him that he calls his mind and heart. More than that, public appeal by the United States certainly gave added courage to the Europeans who were trying to solve the problem without paying ten mil lion lives and billions in money. Root of All the Trouble Lies in Versailles Treaty But let us quit kidding ourselves about the European situation. Why dodg^ around the bush concerning the underlying facts and the blame that attaches, including such blame as belongs to us? We must recognize these facts: •1. The root of all the trouble is im bedded in the Treaty of Versailles. In that treaty, written in 1919, there were injustices that could only lead eventually to a head-on collision. It was in the Versailles peace negotia tions after the World war that Presi dent Wilson coined the phrase, “self determination of peoples.” It was in those negotiations, too, that Lloyd- George of England, Clemenceau of France, and Orlando of Italy, traded Mr. Wilson out of everything be fore they would agree to his ideal ism, founding of the League of Na tions. No one can say that Woodrow Wilson lacked sincerity; and it was this deep sincerity, ironically, that was preyed upon'by the other three victorious nations. Mr. Wilson yield ed when a majority of Americans knew at the time that he was being trapped. 2. Europe has been made, by fate, the abiding place of many racial and human types. They are races and types which have characteris tics and traits, training and tradi tion that never have mixed, and never will mix. Central Europe is a melting pot where nothing ever has melted. “Self determination of peoples” would mean the segrega tion of each and every type and race. It is a possibility, of course, to segregate them as Mr. Wilson the orized, but it is not at all probable. Mr. Wilson supplied those people with a new idea and then allowed the “big three” of the Versailles conference to capitalize on his aims. There has been some measure of fighting about it ever since. Greed and Vengeance Short-Sighted Policy 3. The greed of the allied powers and the vengeance which they sought to wreak on Germany now is proved, as it was charged in 1919, to have been a short-sighted policy, capable of establishing peace only until Germany recuperated and re gained some strength. Of course, the victors were determined to pre vent Germany ever again from at tempting to destroy the world and promote her own selfishness, but their efforts in that direction dis played only the tendencies of hate, none of the indications of caution or far vision. Even though it be an other generation and new leaders, no virile nation, including our own, would fail to fight back if the op-' portunity ever presented. Germany has been seeking, therefore, only a restoration of some kind. It ap pears that the buried hate among them has been exhumed and made to live again in the demagoguery of Hitler. He has used it for his selfish ends, to maintain his own power, to satisfy an egd that some folks regard as approaching an un balanced mentality. 4. pie German people have been and continue to be a people requir ing inflexible leadership. Hitler sup plies it. He promised them new life, and he apparently has made good on just enough of his promises to provide him with continued pow er. Most people who have been able to study Hitler’s programs at close range declare the whole house of cards eventually will collapse. But for the moment, there is “action,” and the hope and the desires and the expectations of the German peo ple provide fertile ground for the dogmas and the demagoguery of a jUctator. They will not be “subju gated.” Is Hitler Through With Demands? Is the Question 5. * We must not be too confident about the purity of purpose of those who guided the affairs of Czecho slovakia. The glory that was Czech oslovakia was stained more, I am afraid, than most of us Americans know. It is hard to believe all of the things, all of the methods of op pression, charged against the Czechs. Information concerning their treatment of the Sudeten Ger mans in Czechoslovakia was distort ed by the Germans. There can be no doubt of that, because the propa ganda machine of Dr. Goebbels was working overtime. There was enough leaked through, however, to show that the Prague government was guilty of some harshness. It may have been that the Sudetens, themselves, brought it on. Of that, there can be only a guess. On the other hand, we have seen enough of the pulling and snarling, the sniping and trickery of other minorities to have a reasonably good idea of what could have gone on within the con fines of Czechoslovakia during its 20 years of life. What of the settlement? Is Hitler through with his demands? Are there other underlying motives and conditions yet to be dealt with and outside of the desires of the German minority to get back to the Reich? The answers to these questions explain why I said at the qutset that the peace appeared only for “a while.” The Czechs probably have been “sold down the river” to save the continent of Europe. I have no faith in the man, Hitler; almost as little faith in Mussolini, the other dictator. The Czechs are gping to be unhappy a long time; they will be resentful, and maybe they will start something. Hitler doubtless still wants the German colonies tak en away by the Versailles treaty. It would be strange, likewise, if he did not want “the Polish corridor” re stored to Germany. Each ambition constitutes a festering sore. Hitler Plans to Make Germany Self-Sufficient Underneath all of the problem, too, lies Hitler’s program to make Germany self-sufficient, to make the nation independent of foreign sources of supply. The Rumanian oil fields, rich and productive, are coveted by more than one nation. England and English oil interests maintain a rather definite control, but it is a control that can be broken easily. On the other side of Ruma nia is the dictator; Mussolini, who displayed the true character of his soul by his rape of Ethiopia. Put these things together and draw your own conclusion, mindful always that to the north lies a great Russian bear, governed by an individual with different concepts, ruled by a steel boot, a people who can be fired with hatred for the Hitler type of govern ment. Some say even that Stalin is only awaiting an opportunity to jump astride Hitler’s neck. Anyway, just remember that Stalin is over there, too. . Finally, in Britain and in France, there are differing groups. Prime Minister Chamberlain. Daladier. I wonder if two men, especially, with regard to Chamberlain, ever carried a greater burden when they went to meet Hitler; when they were seek ing to prevent a catastrophe by what the Czech partisans called, “selling the Czechs down the river?” Politi cally, both Chamberlain and Dala dier will have to fight for their lives within their respective nations of England and France. One or both may sink into oblivion as a result of the courage shown. And who knows what underlying motives existed in addition to a fear of a general war? Their trip to Munich on September 29 was a fateful trip, one which we in the United States may have to wait several years fully to under stand. And so, the final question is: can Hitler bring his own people back from the brink of war, from the fer vor of war preparation, to the life and economy of peace? That is S very real problem. Q Western Newspaper Union. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT OPPORTUNITY A clean proposition. DEL-ZO CO., 11*^4 FORSYTH ST. S. W., ATLANTA, GA. Pattern 5998. Indulge your love of luxury with these lovely doilies. Whether it’s your buffet or your luncheon table that you want to dress up, this pat tern will do it effectively. The three sizes (15 by 28, 12V& and 5% inches in string) are most practical and lend themselves to many uses. Use a finer cotton for smaller doilies. Pattern 5998 contains instructions for making the doilies; an illustration of them and of stitches; photograph of doily; materials needed. To obtain this pattern, send 15 cents in stamps or coins (coins preferred) to The Sewing Circle, Household Arts Dept., 259 W. 14th Street, New York, N. Y. Please write your name, ad dress and pattern number plainly. Bryan’s Brevity Likely Influenced the Opinion William Jennings Bryan, silver- tongued orator, used to enjoy tell ing of a comment which he once overheard about himself during a ChautauqusLJS&ason. A local speaker preceding MF. had. talked for one hour and a half. So when Mr. Bryan finally got the floor, he simply raised his hands and pronounced the benediction. Later two old fellows were dis cussing the program. “That was a great speech Mr. Blank made, even if it was too long,” remarked one. “Yep,” agreed the other. Then, after a pause, he added: “That last feller that followed him was pretty good, too.”—Boston Globe. weak eyes are made strong by Leonardi’s Eye Lotion. Inflammatfepi cured without pain in one day. No other eye remedy so pure and healing;. Keeps the eyes in working trim. LEONARDFS GOLDEN EYE LOTION MAKES WEAK EYES STRONG 35C mt *U druggists New Large Sit* Dropper—50 cents S. B. Lconardl « Co., NowRocholla, M. 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