Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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McCORMICK MESSENGER, McCORMICK, S- C., THURSDAY, APRIL 7, 1938 m mmM fV WHO’S NEWS THIS WEEK By LEMUEL F. PARTON 'NJEW YORK.—Big beefy, hand- some Joseph Buerckel, forty years old, with hard fists and a whip-lash tongue, is Hitler’s grand marshal of the Hard Fists Nazi subjugation to Nazify of Austria. To the Austrians surprise of Nazi home talent m Austria, he is given entire charge of the fusion and subordination of the Austrian Nazis by Berlin. He was a poor schoolmaster who worked his way up by continuous and diligent Jew-hating. While less earnest and industrious young men were wasting their time, he was working nights, Sundays and holi days on this, his chosen career. Against stiff competition, it took him years to gain distinction, but at last he came to outrank even the illustrious Julius Streicher in long distance anti-Semitism. He was born in the Palatinate, the south German territory adjoin ing the Saar. He was-in the World war, in the closing years, and joined the Hitler movement soon after the Munich beer hall putsch in 1923. He was a good rough-and-tumble fighter and organizer and was ad vanced rapidly in the more overt and violent party drives. When Baron von Papen was re moved as Saar commissioner, in 1934, and made Saar Post ambassador t o Taught Him Vienna, Herr Techniaue Buerckel replaced him. Vnder his su pervision was* the jug-handled pleb iscite and his the exultant radio voice which told the world that German justice had triumphed. The League of Nations handed him the valley, and he became gov* emor in 1935. A typically forthright ukase was his Christmas decree against shop ping in Jewish stores. “If you try to get out of it,” he said, “by pretending that your wife did the shopping, it merely shows that an unreal Nazi spirit prevails in your home, and you are not a he-man, but a fool.” * • • ■yOUNG Jan G. Masaryk, Czech * minister to the Court of St. Czech Sees Fadeout of Peace Hope James, had a fervent belief in the Kellogg and Locarno^acts. He once said, “They are splendid instru ments of a world order of peace and stability.” Now he calls at the British foreign office, perhaps to hint that something seems to have gone wrong. He is the son of the late Dr. Thomas Masaryk, first president of Czechoslovakia. His mother was an American, bom and reared in Brooklyn, and so is his wife, the former Mrs. Francis Crane Leather- bee, daughter of Charles R. Crane, the widely known manufacturer and industrialist. He has spent much time in America. At the age of eighteen, he ran away from the University of, Prague, in the early years of the war, and worked in a factory at Bridgeport, Conn. He returned home and finished his studies, and was the first Czech minister to the United States in 1919. He has his famous father’s im passioned belief in democracy, and has been its eloquent defender in central Europe, where his country ia Horatius at the Bridge. / T'HE history of this age will b< -*■ hard to unscramble. Japan can’i take a belt at a local power baror without landing Japs Learn Power Can Be Headache on an Americar stockholder. Dr Joji Matsumot< warned the gov ernment not t< get in trouble wit! American investors by nationalizinf its electric power industry. This would endanger investments of $75,000,000, he contended, mostly held in this country. He is Japan’s leading corporation lawyer and one of its most impor tant financiers, an officer of the Cap ital Rehabilitation Aid company, which has a quaint sound but whiqh is understandable even in the Occi dent. Sixty years old, he is a former professor of law at the Tokyo Im perial university, from which he was graduated. He is a director of the Tokyo Gas company and sev eral other corporations, and was vice president of the South Man churian railway. C) Consolidated News Features. WNU Service. Spain’s Romeo and Juliet The "Lovers of Teruel,” Spain’s Romeo and Juliet, form one of the most ancient legends of Spain. They were Diego de Marcilla and Isabel de Segura and lived in Teruel dur ing the Thirteenth century under the reign of King James of Aragon. They parted because of family dis approval and languished and died. Their bodies were mummified and they were buried in the chapel of the church of San Pedro. New* Review of Current Events "REFORM" BILL PASSED Measure Giving President Vast Powers Squeezes Through Senate • . • May Die in House Senator Pat Harrison of Mississippi, chairman of the senate finance committee, is here seen telling members of the press what his committee had d<me and proposed to do to the revenue measure so that it would be less objectionable to business and to the country in general. It already had made radical changes in the bill as it was passed by the house, ~^£&Lurtuui 14/, J^LekaJul r ^ SUMMARIZES THE WORLD’S WEEK Cl Weatern Newspaper Union. Wide Powers -for President PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT’S reor- * ganization bill squeezed through the senate by the close vote of 49 to 42, after a fierce fight. A mo tion to recommit, which would have virtually killed the measure, was defeated by a vote of 48 to 43. Opponents of this bill are con vinced that it paves the way for a dictatorship in the United States. The measure was sent on to the house, which already has passed bills covering some of its features. There is no certainty, however, that the senate measure will ever be brought to a vote in the house. Chairman O’Connor of the rules committee said it should be allowed to slumber peacefully in some pig eonhole. The bill authorizes the President, by executive order, to transfer, re group, co-ordinate, consolidate, seg regate the whole or any part of or abolish any of the 135 bureaus, agen cies, and divisions of government. Excepted from this section, how ever, are the federal reserve board, the corps of engineers of the Unit ed States army and the independent, quasi-judicial and regulatory estab lishments, sucl? as the board of tax appeals, the communications com mission, the federal trade com mission, the interstate commerce commission, and the national labor relations board. It abolishes the civil service com mission as now constituted, and the general accounting office. It cre ates a new “department of wel fare,’^ and it authorizes six more $10,000 a year assistants to the Pres ident. *— Ten Men to Probe TVA IVE senators and five representa tives will do the investigating of the Tennessee Valley authority, for the resolution for a joint committee inquiry was adopted by the senate with out a dissenting vote, and appeared certain of passage by the house. The resolution was intro duced by Sen. Alben W. Barkley of Ken- t u c k y, majority leader. It calls for investigation of charges of malfea sance and dishon esty made by the ousted chairman, A. E» Morgan, and includes eight of the twenty-three charges originally made by Senators Bridges and King in their first resolution for a con gressional inquiry. It also calls for a “fishing expedition’’ ir^to the ac tivities of private utility companies and their injunction suits against the TVA. Sen. H. Styles Bridges, the New Hampshire Republican, in a radio debate declared the administration was trying to obscure the charges of scandal within the TVA by forc ing the inquiry to cover Jhe private utility angle. “The administration’s strategy has been to cover up TVA dirt by a phoney counter-attack,” he said. He was answered vigorously by Sen. Lister B. Hill of Alabama. Legality of President Roosevelt’s action in ousting Chairman Morgan from the TVA board is still a mat ter that the courts probably will be called on to settle. Mr. Roosevelt “removed” Morgan after receiving from Acting Attorney General Jack- son an opinion that he possessed the required authority. He reported the action to congress and said he had named Harcourt Morgan chairman. Reasons for the removal of A. E. Morgan as given by the President were that he had made grave and libelous charges against his col leagues and refused to substantiate them at the White House hearings, Sen. Bridges and that he had obstructed the work of the authority. . * Utilities Must Register N A 6 to 1 decision, the United States Supreme court upheld the registration provisions of the Wheel- er-Rayburn public utility act of 1935, but did not pass on the con stitutionality of other parts of the law, including the death sentence for holding companies. The court sustained an order of the New York Federal District court requiring the Electric Bond and Share company and 14 associated utility holding companies to register with the Securities and Exchange commission or else be denied the use of the mails and other facilities of interstate commerce. Chief Justice Hughes delivered the court’s opinion. Justice McReynolds, who wrote no opinion, was the only dissenter. Justice Cardozo, who is ill, and Justice Reed took no part in the consideration of the case. * Colonel House Dies EATH after a long illness ended the notable career of Col. Ed ward M. House, whose name, dur ing the^ World war era, was famil iar to millions. He passed away in New York at the age of seventy-nine years. Shunning publicity and personal glory, House devoted him self untiringly to what he deemed the best interests of his country and for years his influence, especially in inter national matters, was great. An early supporter of Woodrow Wilson’s political fortune he became Wilson’s trusted adviser after his election to the presidency and continued to help direct his course immediately before and dur ing the war, making frequent trips to Europe. He was Wilson’s per sonal representative in the Ver sailles peace conference. Later he and Wilson disagreed and their close association came to an end. * Franco in Catalonia ENERAL FRANCO’S insurgent army blasted its way through the loyalist lines and entered the province of Catalonia, moving far toward Barcelona, the third capital of the government forces. In this rapid advance about 100 towns were captured in a single day and many villages were demolished by bom bardment by a fleet of 200 war planes said to have been contribut ed by Italy and Germany. Italy warned France that any French intervention in Spain “might compromise peace on the European continent.” The organ of the Italian foreign office, Informazione Diplo- matica, published the statement, de claring Italy was “following with greatest attention the campaign of French leftists for intervention in Spain.” Col. House Silver Buying Halted S ECRETARY OF THE TREAS URY MORGENTHAU announced that the United States had discon tinued the purchase of Mexican sil ver until further notice. This prob ably was a direct result of Mexico’s expropriation of foreign oil proper ties, which Secretary of State Hull considers a hard blow to his “good neighbor” policies. Price of silver was cut 1 cent an ounce. The United States Treasury has been buying 5,000,000 ounces of new ly mined Mexican silver each month, paying around $2,500,000 for it at the artificially maintained New York price, which gave Mexico siz able profits. Japan's Regime in China JAPAN announced officially the in- ** auguration of the “reformed Government of the Republic of Chi na” in Nanking. This puppet state is intended to replace the regime of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and is headed by Liang Hung-Tze as chairman of the new executive yu an, a position equivalent to pre mier. The Chinese were still fighting the invaders desperately along the Pei- ping-Hankow railway and claimed the Japanese were suffering heavy losses. Profits Tax Out DAT HARRISON meant what he A said about altering the revenue bill that was passed by the house. His senate finance committee is making the changes. By a vote of 17 to 4 it eliminated from the meas ure the undistributed profits tax principle, substituting therefor a flat corporation income tax of 18 per cent. As a further means of stimulating business and investment the com mittee adopted a provision dras tically modifying the capital gains and losses tax. The committee re moved capital gains on assets held for more than 18 months from the income tax category and substituted instead a flat rate of 15 per cent, which was what business and indus try wanted. In an effort to clear the way for speedy enactment of the tax relief legislation, the committee rejected a system of processing taxes on wheat, corn, cotton, tobacco, and rice, which the administration de sires to finance proposed additional bounties to farmers amounting to $200,000,000 a year. & Jews Must Quit Vienna 'T'HERE are 300,000 Jews in Vien- na, and all of them must leave that city within four years. This was announced in the Austrian capi tal by Field Mar shal Goering, Hit ler’s right - hand man, who set forth a program for the economic r e c o n - struction of Austria. He said: “Vienna must again become a German city. No city with 300,000 Jews has a right to _ . call itself a German Gen. Goermg city Vienna has to fulfill economic and cultural tasks, and this is impossible with Jews. Therefore, they must leave.” Goering said he had intrusted the task of removing the Jews to Seyss- Inquart and that it must be accom plished quietly and mercifully by le gal means. There was great rejoicing throughout Germany when Cardinal Innetzer, archbishop of Vienna, is sued a solemn declaration urging the people of Austria, most of whom are Catholics, to vote for the union with Germany at the plebiscite on April 10. The document was read in all Catholic churches. It warmly praised the Nazi rulers and pledged allegiance to Germany. This stand of the Catholic hierarchy made cer tain an overwhelming victory for Hitler in the plebiscite. It also led the Nazi chiefs to hope for a new accord with the Vatican. * Britain Ready to Fight /^•REAT BRITAIN will not flatly ^ pledge herself to fight to save Czechoslovakia from German ag gression. But she will use her arm aments to fulfill her treaty obligations to France and Bel gium, and is ready to go to war in their defense if they are unjustly attacked. That was the warning to Hitler ut tered by Prime Min ister Chamberlain in the house of com mons, in the most important statement NeviUe of British foreign C^mberlain policy since the World war. Declaring his belief that peace will be maintained, Chamberlain said: “I cannot imagine any events in Europe which would change the fundamental basis of British for eign policy, which is the mainte nance and preservation of peace. However, that does not mean that nothing would make us fight.” Cheers greeted this declaration. Though he said central Europe was not an area where vital British interests are at stake, he gave plain warning that if German aggression should result in war there, Britain might be forced into it. He flatly turned down Soviet Rus sia’s call for consultation against aggressor nations. Wheat Crop Estimates D REDICTION by the bureau of ag- * ricultural economics of the De partment of Agriculture is that this year’s wheat crop will be 830,000,000 bushels, or 160,000,000 bushels in ex cess of the 1932-36 average. The survey estimates that the wheat carry-over in 1939 will be around 300,000,000 biv?hels. . . The record wheat crop is based on the following factors: If farmers seed the acreage indicated in the prospective-planting report, and if average yields are obtained, this year’s spring wheat crop, including durum, will total about 200,000,000 bushels. This, together with the winter crop of about 630,000,000 bushels, indicates a prospective out put of 830,000,000 bushels. Unloading Iron Ore at Detroit. * Story o! Our Inland Seas Is One Of Transportation and Commerce Prepared by National Geographic Society. Washington, D. C.—WNU Service. T HE Great Lakes contain half the fresh water on earth; enough to cover the continental United States 10 to 18 feet deep, or to fill a 30-foot ship canal from here to the sun! Africa’s largest lake, Victoria Ny- anza, would cover most of Lake Su perior, but it would take 71 Vic torias to fill it. Asia’s premier lake, the Aral sea, is a bit larger than Lake Huron, but it would take four Arals to fill one Huron. Two Lake Baikals would scarcely reach be yond the edges of Lake Michigan, although they would contain nearly three times as much water. If they only lay there, basking in the sun or raging with storms, our inland seas would be impressive. But they have served America as no inland sea has served another land. At every corner of the Great Lakes, and because of them, busy cities have risen. On the banks of a hundred tiny creeks commerce has planted its loading piers or elevators. Our bridges crossed our lakes as ore before they crossed a river. Scarcely a skyscraper whose frame work has not wallowed in the swell of our “Big Sea Water” before combing our urban skies. The story of our Great Lakes is one of un believably cheap freight rates, of marvelously active freighters, of fur and lumber, iron and grain. Fur Trade Incited Exploitation. In the days when the principal crop of America was cold-bred fur, the St. Lawrence was the gateway to our Midwest. While the English were seeking the Northwest Pas sage to the alluring Orient and col onists along the Atlantic were con solidating their position against the wilderness, French voyageurs and missionaries were following stream and portage to the heart of America. Colonization was caught between sea and mountain. Exploration pad- died its swift canoes on lakes and rivers. Fur was the incentive, and tem poral or spiritual empire the dream, of Nicolet, Joliet, Marquette and La Salle, to whom the water shed between the Great Lakes and the wide Mississippi basin was fa miliar while the British were still settling the seacoast. As early as 1700 one could ride horseback from Portland, Maine, to Richmond, Vir ginia, sleeping each night in a vil lage. But the Appalachian barrier held. Meanwhile the French, more nomadic, were spread thinly over a tremendous inland empire. In 1803 most of this land became ours through the Louisiana Pur chase, and the vast territory which fur trade and Indian alliances had won for France gave trans-Appala chian colonization new impetus. For a little less than four cents an acre the young American republic ac quired rich agricultural lands stretching to the headwaters of the Missouri and the Yellowstone. Grain, Lumber, and Then Iron. Around the lakes, fur ceded its primary place to grain or lumber. Hiawatha’s “forest primeval” crashed before Paul Bunyan’s saw and ax. Hills of sawdust began to rise like sand dunes, and countless jig-saw verandas embraced Amer ican homes. Then came iron! At the northern end of the lakes whole rust-red mountains of ore stood ready for the steam shovels. Coal moved north and iron south, a combination providing profitable return cargoes. Wherever a creek reached the south shore of Lake Erie, coal and ore were tossed back and forth by car tipple and “clam shell.” Protected from early traffic com petition by the Niagara falls, which were later to furnish its light and power, Buffalo stands at the east end of the upper lakes and the west end of the only convenient break in the Appalachians. Superlatives, which swarm around the Great Lakes, hive at Buffalo. This favored spot no more sug gests the bison than Rome does Romulus or Syracuse Sicily. And, had an Indian interpreter not made a mistake, it would have been called “Beaver,” a startling but suitable name for this busy creek-side port. A dozen railways now obscure the fact that Buffalo is not a creature of the plains, but an aquatic city, founded on the creek that still sus tains it. Its real greatness began on October 26, 1825, when the Sen eca Chief started down the four- foot-deep Erie canal. The news of its departure thundered by cannon- fire from Buffalo to New York, 500 miles in 90 minutes—shots which, like those of the Minutemen, were heard round the world. On November 4, 1825, the canal- boat flotilla arrived at Sandy Hook, where Governor Clinton poured Lake Erie water into the Atlantic near New York city, which “Clin ton’s Ditch” was to lift to the posi tion of America’s premier port. Up From the Gulf to Chicago. On June 22, 1933, at Chicago, salt water from the Gulf of Mexico was blended with Lake Michigan water when a flotilla of Mississippi river barges, bearing spices, coffee, and sugar, arrived at Lake Michigan. Bascule bridges, pointing like how itzers at the tall-speared phalanx of skyscrapers, aroused with raucous protests of a chorus of Klaxons, and pseudo-Indian warwhoops sounded over the busy waters beside which lonely Fort Dearborn first rose on a swampy shore. , The nine-foot channel does today what river and glacier did rgpre than once in the past—links the Great Lakes with the gulf. St. Louis has become an export port for north ern wheat. It took 260 years for Joliet’s dream of „ a Lakes-to-Gulf waterway to come true, although Lake Michigan water has flowed in to the Mississippi basin since 1871. Try to force your way through un derbrush or struggle along on foot beneath such a burden as is easily carried in a light canoe, and you will realize why the French pene trated this continent by following In dian guides upon its rivers. Canals extended the natural wa terways. Then wagon wheels over rode the objections raised by the owners of pack horses and rail ways won their share. The motor car, bringing broad, smooth high ways, set the tax-collecting filling station in the place of tollgates, and passenger car and truck invaded the steel-webbed empire of the Iron Horse. The Panama canal, opened in time to do its bit in the World war, brought our coasts together. The new Welland canal and the Illinois waterway are additional transport factors in a region where motor manufacturers, having vied with steam engines, now face com petitive traffic problems involving railways, lake steamers, truck- aways, new car convoys, and wide ly distributed assembly plants. Each form of transportation, fight ing for its share, now forges ahead, now lags behind. But were traffic stopped on our inland seas, our industrial life would sustain a ma jor shock. » , Four Routes to Tidewater. Four routes to tidewater now ex ist: the Illinois waterway, with a nine-foot channel; the New York State Barge canal and its branch to Oswego, both with a depth of 12 feet; and the St. Lawrence canals, in which there are 14 feet of water. The deepest artificial link is the new Welland canal, which not only has 30 feet of water on the sills of its spectacular locks, but also ac complishes the steepest lift—326% feet in 25 miles. Even before the war occasional tramp steamers entered the Great Lakes from tidewater, and today ocean bottoms are no novelty. In 1933 over a hundred steamers from overseas ports brought in cod-liver oil, canned fish, and merchandise from Europe to Detroit, and depart ed with pitch, wood pulp, and motor cars. Shiploads of automobiles have been sent direct from Detroit to London and Hamburg. Rumanian oil, coming direct from the Black sea, competes with American gaso line in Detroit. Ships regularly sail from the River Rouge to ocean ports around the world. The economic balance beam is seldom at rest. Buffalo, welcoming western grain and sending back return cargoes of immigrants and pioneers, helped feed the East with bread and the West with brains and brawn. While retaining its pre-eminence in the transfer of grain, it has since be come our milling metropolis. Siamese Twins Were Married The original Siamese twins mar ried and lived to the age of sixty- three.