McCormick messenger. (McCormick, S.C.) 1902-current, January 12, 1938, Image 6
*v»>
% Easy Cutwork Will
t)©light the Beginner
Pattern 6237.
Anyone who can do simple but*
tonhole stitch (that's all cutwork
is) can have lovely linens such
as these. Here are a number of
motifs suitable for those smaller
useful Ha*™—scarfs, towels, pil
low cases and tea cloths. Begin
now. Pattern 6237 contains a
transfer pattern of 14 motifs rang
ing from 3 by 3 inches to 3% by
IS inches; materials needed; color
schemes.
To obtain this pattern, send 15
cents in coins to The Sewing Cir
cle, Household Arts Dept., 259
West 14th St., New York, N. Y.
Please write your name, ad
dress and pattern number plainly.
About London
Travelers in London have one
•profound cry against the house
numbering. They not only will
And the odd and even numbers
scattered along side by side, but
when they Are separated they will
-probably find" No. 85 opposite No.
2 and No. 15 around the corner.
Nobody in London seems to mind
it.
V
Don’t Sleep When
Das Crowds Heart
SoM at oU drug atom
Every Opportunity
A man must make his opportu
nity, as oft as find it.—Francis
Bacon.
Why are Luden’s like
lemons?
Swl mDWvWv HE Hi Ik
Both contain a factor
chat helps contribute to
your alkaline reserve.
LUDEN'S 5*
MINTHOL COUOH DROPS
Fool Lures Fool
A fool always finds a greater
fool to admire him.—Boileau.
BLACKMAN
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Bearing Injuries
It costs more to revenge injuries
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«£S8!%
. TABLETS
IOSE DROPS
ralleyea
COLDS
Srst Say.
Headaches
and Fever
Am to Colds
to SO odnstos.
-a W<
Doon Merchandise
Cm Be CONSISTENTLY Advertis'd
• BUY ADVERTISED GOODS O
r ,:- ^ MeCORMICK MBSSENGERj McCORMICK. S. C.. THURSDAY* JANUARY 12, 1939.,
First Written Constitution Was
Framed in America 300 Years Ago
On January 14, 1639, Representatives from Three Connecticut Towns Assembled at Hartford
And There Adopted the "Fundamental Orders" That Provided a Model for the Federal
Constitution Under Which the United States Is Now Governed.
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
e Western Newspaper Union.
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Preamble of the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut."
T HREE hundred years ago this month a little group of
English colonists in America gathered together and
adopted, for the first time in the history of the world, a
written constitution, springing from the people and creating a
government for them. It contained no reference to a “dread
sovereign** or a “beloved king**—it quietly assumed that the
people had a right to rule themselves.
It provided for a legisla- <s>-
tive assembly, called the
General Court, whose mem
bers were elected by the
people, while the executive
and judicial functions of the
government were exercised
by a governor and six magis
trates, or assistants, also
forming part of the General
Court and elected by the peo
ple. Such was the “Funda
mental Orders of Connecti
cut,*’ adopted at Hartford on
January 14, 1639.
Under it, according to one his
torian, "Connecticut was as ab
solutely a state in 1639 as it was
in 1776” and it formed the basis
of the charter of 1662 which re
mained in force until 1818. But
more important than that is the
fact that it served as the basis
for the federal Constitution which
a new nation, the United States
of America, would adopt 140-odd
years later.
For, as another historian points
out, "it will be noticed that this
original Constitution of Connecti
cut had certain similarities to the
present Constitution of the United
States, inasmuch as the individu
ality of the town was recognized
on the one hand and the main
body of the people on the other,
as in our national system both
the states and the whole people
are represented. It is an inter
esting fact that in the federal
convention of 1787 the compro
mise in accordance with which
our national arrangement was
agreed upon was called the ‘Con
necticut compromise.' ”
First Settlement.
For an understanding of this
historic document, it is necessary
to go back a few years in New
England history. In 1630 the
Plymouth company had granted
the Connecticut country to the
Earl of Warwick, who turned it
over to Lord Say and Sele, Lord
Brooke and others.
In 1635 John Winthrop, son of
the Massachusetts governor, act
ing for the proprietors of Con
necticut, established a colony
near the mouth of the Connecti
cut river and named it Saybrook
in their honor. A few years later
another settlement was founded
at New Haven. Meanwhile, how
ever, emigrants from the older
towns of Massachusetts Bay col
ony began swarming into the
northern part of what is now Con
necticut.
Their migration was mainly
due to their dissatisfaction with
the hard rule of the united church
and state in Massachusetts. One
man, particularly, who dissented
from this rule was Rev. Thomas
Hooker. "Herein of ye fame of
Conightecute River, they had a
hankering mind after it” says a
contemporary chronicler. So in
1636 Hooker and a congregation
of more than 100 set forth for the
Connecticut valley, arrived at the
site of Hartford and there made
their settlement.
Within a year the new colony
of Connecticut had more than
800 people gathered in the three
towns of Windsor, Hartford and
Wethersfield. Although nominal
ly under the control of Massa
chusetts, it soon became evident
that the people of Connecticut
had “a hankering mind” after a
government of their own.
Trained for Law.
One of the colonists of Windsor
was a lawyer named Roger Lud
low, bom in Wiltshire in 1590,
educated at Balliol college, Ox
ford, and admitted to the Inner
Temple in London in 1612. Having
become a stockholder in the Mas
sachusetts Bay company in 1630,
he was appointed an assistant to
Gov. John Winthrop. In March
of that year he sailed for New
England.
Ludlow took a leading part in
founding Dorchester where he
held several offices such as land
commissioner and justice of the
peace. In 1634 he was elected dep
uty governor and disappointed at
not being chosen governor, he
resolved to leave the colony and
go to Connecticut. As one of the
prominent settlers of Windsor he
was placed at the head of a com
mission to make laws for the
"well-ordering” of that town. In
March, 1636, when Hartford,
Windsor and Wethersfield were
set apart as a colony he was
made head of the provisional gov
ernment to serve for a year.
He presided at the first court
of magistrates which convened in
Hartford in March, 1636, and in
the same year was elected dep
uty governor and was re-elected
several times. Upon the reor
ganization of the government in
May, 1637, he was chosen a mag
istrate and in 1638 was regular
ly elected as governor.
By the beginning of 1639, it
was generally recognized that
Connecticut was definitely out
from under the control of Mas
sachusetts and “on her own.” So
the colonists began thinking of
organizing a more permanent
form of government. The result
was the drafting of the "Funda-
Adoption of the "Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut, January
14, 1639”—(From the mural
painting by Albert Herter in the
Connecticut Supreme court, Hart
ford). The figure seated at the
desk is supposed to be Roger
Ludlow; the speaker, facing for
ward, is Reverend Thomas Hook
er; and the one standing, facing
Hooker and holding his hat, is
John Haynes, who was chosen
first governor of Connecticut un
der the "Orders."
mental Orders” which was adopt
ed at the historic meeting in
Hartford on January 14 of that
year.
"It has been customary to as
cribe the general character and
content of the Orders to Rever
end Thomas Hooker of Hartford
who preached before the General
Court on May 31, 1638, a mem
orable sermon on the text, Deu
teronomy 1:13, which is pre
sumed to have presaged the Or
ders,” says George M. Dutcher
in the introduction to a pamphlet
on "The Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut,” published for the
Connecticut Tercentenary com
mission by the Yale University
Press in 1934, "The legal phras
ing of the Orders on the other
hand indicates the work of one
trained not in divinity but in law.
So far as is known the one in
dividual at that time resident in
the three Connecticut river towns
who possessed such training was
Roger Ludlow of Windsor, to
whom it may be presumed that
the actual authorship of the Or
ders should be credited. To what
extent Hooker and Ludlow may
have conferred and co-operated,
and what contribution if any was
made from other sources can
only be pure surmise.”
Since the settlers of Connecti
cut called upon Roger Ludlow to
write their constitution for them,
it would have been only just that
they should have elected him the
first governor to rule the colony
under it. But they didn’t. They
passed him by and elected John
Haynes, Ludlow’s “evil genius,”
to use his own words.
Disappointed Again.
Bitterly disappointed over this,
Ludlow, accompanied by several
of his friends and their families,
moved to Unquon which was re
named Fairfield. Then, as a
crowning indignity, he was forced
to apologize to the assembly for
"undue haste” in taking up lands
there.-
In 1646 the assembly requested
him to frame a body of laws for
Connecticut and, by adding 14
articles from the Massachusetts
"Body of Liberties” to 63 that
were new, he produced what is
still known as "Ludlow’s Code”
and what has given him the title
of "Father of Connecticut Juris
prudence.” In 1648, 1651 and 1653
Ludlow was a commissioner to
the congress or council of the
United Colonies and held various
other offices of responsibility and
trust.
However, his impetuous nature .
repeatedly led him into trouble
with the authorities and finally,
declaring that he would no longer
live in Connecticut, he sold out
his interests and sailed with his
family to visit his brother in Vir
ginia. A short time later he re
moved to Ireland where Oliver
Cromwell entrusted to him the
administration of justice and the
determining of claims to forfeit
ed lands in the county of Cork.
His career came to an end some
time before 1668—the exact date
of his death being unknown.
Although the phrasing of the
‘Orders” indicates that it was
the work of a man trained in
the law, as Roger Ludlow was,
the preamble was probably the
work of Reverend Thomas Hook
er. It said:
"Forasmuch as it hath pleased
the Allmighty God by the wise
disposition of his divine provi
dence so to Order and dispose of
things that we the Inhabitants
and Residents of Windsor, Hart
ford and Wethersfield are now
Cohabiting and dwelling in and
uppon the River of Conecttecotte
and the Lands thereunto adjoin
ing, And well knowing where a
people are gathered togather the
word of god requires that to
mayntayne the peace and Union
of such a people there should be
an Orderly and decent Govern
ment established according to
God to Order and dispose of the
affayres of the people at all sea
sons as occasion shaU require.
Doe therefore associate and con-
joine ourselves to be as one Pnb-
like State or Comon welth, and
doe for onrselves and our Suc
cessors and such as shall be ad
joined to us at any time here
after enter into Combination and
Confederation together to mayn
tayne and preserve the liberty
and purity of the gospell of our
lord Jesus which we now pro
fess, as also the discipline of the
Churches which according to the
truth of the said gospell is now
practiced amongst us, As also in
our Civil affaires to be gnided
and governed according to snch
lawes Rules Orders and decrees
as shall be made Ordered and
decreed as followth:"
erne
Not only was the world’s first
written constitution produced in
Connecticut by a lawyer but the
Nutmeg state also claims the
distinction of having had the first
law school in America. A few
yeafs ago a house on South street
in Litchfield, Conn., and a little
building adjacent to it were es
tablished as a permanent memo
rial to Judge Tapping Reeve, the
founder of the school, and Judge
James Gould, who later helped
to conduct it.
Tapping Reeve, a giaduate of
the College of New Jersey
(Princeton) in the class of 1763,
settled in Litchfield in 1772, be
gan the practice and teaching of
law, and built a home.* Judge
Reeve conducted the law school
JOHN HAYNES
First governor of Connecticul
under the "Orders.”
not in his own home but in a
small building which he had
placed in his front yard, to the
left of the entrance gate and the
house itself. He used this build
ing as his law office because,
even before he formally estab
lished the school, so many stu
dents came to "read law” with
him that it was more convenient
to have a separate building. In
1784, when the law school was
founded, it was this building that
housed the first classes.
In 1798 Mr. Reeve, then' a
judge, was joined by James
Gould, a graduate of Yale in the
class of 1791, and they conducted
the school together until 1820,
when Judge Reeve retired.
One of Judge Reeve’s earliest
pupils was his brother-in-law,
Aaron Burr. John C. Calhoun
was one of five future cabinet
members who received their le
gal education at Litchfield. Many
senators, "members of congress
galore” and judges "by the doz
en” also were trained there. In
addition there were some who
later made their reputations out
side the law, among them the
educator, Horace Mann. .
The Litchfield law school is
said to have played an impor
tant part in the interpretation of
law in the young republic until
the school passed out of exist
ence, when the establishment of
law schools in connection with
the colleges made private institu
tions no longer necessary.
The original law school build
ing has undergone many vicissi
tudes since it was first estab
lished as such in 1784. It con
tinued to be used for classes un
til the school was closed in 1833.
In 1846 it was moved bodily
through the streets of Litchfield,
from South street to West Hill,
tp be used as the resident of Hen
ry Ward, a printer and poet.
Forty years later new owners
made such large additions that
the original structure became al
most unrecognizable. In 1906,
however, a descendant of a grad
uate of the school restored it to
its original state, and, in 1911, it
was taken over by the Litchfield
Historical and Antiquarian socir
•tv.
Wise and Otherwise
—
In fishing for compliments
you must use live bait.
Never put off till tomorrow
what you can do today. There
may be a law against it to
morrow.
One thing that can’t be pre
served in alcohol is dignity.
A man has left an estate con
sisting of hundreds of old ;
clocks. It will take some wind
ing up.
Philatelists are easy to rec
ognize, I’m told. Men after the
same stamp?
Even if the government
doesn’t raise our income tax,
we’ll have to.
Britain Leads in Liners
Great Britain owns more than
half of all the great ocean liners
in the world today. Out of a total
of 167 steam and motor vessels of
over 15,000 tons which are listed
in Lloyd’s Register of Shipping,
England owns 90, the United
States 19, Italy and Germany 14
each, France 12, Holland 9,
Sweden 4, Japan 3, and Norway 2.
NO FUSS
RELIEVING COLD
DISCOMFORT THIS WAY!
JdsI Follow Simple Directions Below—
•Dd Use Fast-Actiog Bayer Aspirli
1. To ease polo and
discomfort and re
do ca favor taka 1
Bayer Tablats—drink
• glass ofwatar.Ra-
peat in 2 boms.
2. If Throat Is raw
from cold, crash and
dlasolva 3 Bayer
Tablets Is % glass
•f watar.
It*s the Way Thousands Know to
Ease Discomfort of Colds and Son
Throat Accompanymg Colds
The simple way pictured above
often brings amazingly fast relief
from discomfort and sore throat
accompanymg colds.
Try it. Then — see your doctor.
He probably will tell you to con
tinue with the Bayer Aspirin be
cause it acts so fast to relieve dis
comforts of a cold. And to reduce
fever.
nple way, backed by
ithority, has largely sup-
i use of strong medicines
This simple waj
scientific authority
E lanted the use of strong:
i easing cold symptoms. Perhaps
the easiest, most effective way yet
discovered. But make sure you get
BAYER Aspirin.
IK
t FULL DOZEN 2Sc
As We Know Happiness
Happiness lies in the conscious
ness we have of it, and by no
means in the way the future keeps
its promises.—George Sand.
NO ONE IS
IMMUNE TO
ACID
INDIGESTION
But Why Suffer? Here’s
how you can “Alkalize”
anytim e-anywh ere-the
easy “Phillips”* way!
WHY SUFFER from headaches,
"gas," "upsets” and "biliousness”
due to Add Indigestion—when now
there is a way that relieves excess
stomach acid with incredible speed.
Simply take two Phillips’ Milk of
Magnesia Tablets at first sign of
distress. Carry them with you —
take them unnoticed by others.
nausea or
— moated leeling. It
produces no "gas” to embarrass you
and offend others. "Acid indiges
tion” disappears. You feel great.
Get a bottle of liquid “PhiUiM*"
for home use. And a box of Philnps*
Milk of Magnesia Tablets to carry
with you. But — be sure any bottle
or box you accept is clearly marked
"Phillips'" Milk of Magnesia.
PHILLIPS’ MILK OF MAGNESIA
* IN LIQUID OR TABLET FORM