Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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McCORMICK MESSENGER, McCORMICK. S. C., THURSDAY, JULY 2, 1936 B •/ tr- /tv ^SAneur By Edwarct W. Pickard © Western "Newspaper Union 74th Congress Adjourns After a Long Session T HE Seventy-fourth congress ad journed after a session lasting five and a half months during which it ap propriated nearly $10,000,000,000 and was faced by some unexpected legis lative complications. In the closing hours the emergency tax bill which is expected to produce $800,000,000 in revenue was passed. Supreme court Invalidation of the AAA and Guffey coal bills and the passage of the cash soldiers’ bonus over the President’s veto upset the budget plans and made such a bill necessary. Although it was passed by the house, the amended GulTey coal bill designed t« remove the objections of the Su preme court failed of passage in the senate. Similarly, the Wagner slum housing bill, which had passed the sen ate, failed In the bouse. Larger than normal appropriations for governmental activities were passed. The bonus, farm payments, re lief and the greatest national defense program In peace time history helped swell the total. Funds for continuing the present re lief program were voted; the public works revolving fund was/Amended to permit more heavy construction proj ects. But congress failed to approve the Florida ship canal* and Passama- quoddy tide dam. * Invalidation of the AAA brought a revised and expanded soil conservation and domestic allotment act; the rural electrification administration and elec tric farm and home authority irere both placed, on a permanent basis; the Commodity Credit corporation was ex panded; two flood control bills were passed. . Labor received attention through the Walsh-Healy bill dealing with working conditions on govern ment contracts. A compromise ship subsidy bill was rushed through in the closing hours. Financial legislation in cluded expansion of the jurisdiction of SEC. Important among business legis lation was the Patman bij| ; amending the Clayton anti-trust act' regarding price discrimination. A number of important bills failed of enactment Among these were the Pettingill long and short hauls biU v stockyard regulation, Frazier-Lemke farm mortgage bill, and bills on the 30; hour week, extension of the railroad co-ordinator’s tenure, anti-war profits, alien deportation, enlargement of the federal trade commission’s power and treasury agency service. In Russia, Maxim Gorky, early foe of the czars who became a hero of the Soviet regime and its outstanding writer, died of influenza at the age of sixty-eight Although not a member of the Communist party, Gorky had a .preeminent position in Soviet life and was a former member of the central executive committee. Moscow honored him with a public funeral and inter ment in the Kremlin in a njche facing Lenin's tomb. m • >» Smith Asks Roosevelt .. < * • "Be Put Aside" C ALLING upon the delegates to the Democratic national convention : to ••put aside Franklin D. Roosevelt” and to nominate “some genuine Democrat” for President, former Gov. Alfred E. Smith and four other anti- administration Demo crats charged the New Deal with failure. The demand came in the form of a tele; gram and was signed by Smith, Bainbrldge Colby, secretary of state under President , At Wilson, James A. Reed, \ • Al former senator from Missouri, Joseph B. Ely, former gover nor of Massachusetts, and-Daniel F. Cohalan, former justice of the Su preme codrt of New York. Former Governor Smith and his col leagues indicated that they will not support President Roosevelt in the forthcoming Presidential campaign, fulfilling Smith’s previous threat to “take a walk.” ’ Pro-Roosevelt delegates from every section of the country prepared for a concerted attack upon the “bolters.” Gov. Herbert Eehman of New York turned his back upon Mr. Smith and predicted President Roosevelt would, carry New York by a substantial ma jority in November. He declared: have read the statement I am confident that the views expressed by the five signers of statement represent the feelings of only a handful of Dem- ocrts.” Packers Seek Recovery of All Processing Taxes A BATTLE to recover all the proc essing taxes paid to the govern ment under the Invalidated AAA was undertaken by the “big four” of the packing Industry—Swift and Company, Armour and Company, Wilson and Company and the Cudahy Packing company. • Having won back $45,000,000 when the AAA was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme court the packing in- .dustry has decided to attempt to re cover from the government more than $200,000,000 paid before injunctions against the tax were granted and sub sequent payments impounded. ~ The meat packing Industry as a whole paid a total of $271,000,000 In processing taxes from the inception of the AAA. The packers are basing their claims for recovery on the ground that as the Supreme court ruled the proc essing taxes invalid, payments made in accordance with that law were ille gally collected and should be returned. It was reported that smaller packing companies were considering action to recover their tax payments, but have waited until the major units in the industry instituted their proceedings. The total In tax recoveries sought by the four big Chicago companies is ap- ■ 'proxlm&tely $100,000,000. Death Takes von Buclow Noted German Diplomat: r - T HE death of Bernhard W. von Hue- low, secretary of state for foreign affairs in the Hitler cabinet, removed one of the most skilled of Europe’s diplomats. Von Buelow, who was fifty- one. was an expert on the League of Nations and gave his country valuable counsel when Germany began to con sider rejoining the league. He was noted as a.studious and hard-working official, with a vast amount of detailed Information always readily available. A “bloeblood” of the German no bility. the diplomat was a nephew of the late Prince Bernhard vftn Buelow. imperial chancellor. He was one of the first of the German nobles to associate himself wltii the Vepnbllcan regime af ter the collapse of the empire in 1918. Although different In background from Hitler, he nevertheless enjoyed the chancellor’s confidence. In diplomatic circles it was regarded as likely that Dr. Hans Dleckhoff. chief of the |>olltlcal department of the foreign office, will succeed Buelow as secretary of state. Rep. Lemke Will Be Presidential Candidate R EPRESENTATIVE WILLIAM LEMKE of North Dakota an nounced that he would run for the Presidency as candidate of a new po litical group known as the Union party. Father Charles E. Coughlin, Detroit priest, is the leading sponsor of Lemke’s candidacy. Thomas Charles O’Brien of Boston will be the vice-presidential can didate on the ticket, it was announced. Mr. Lemke made Rep. Lemke pub]ic a i5.point plat form embodying demands for re financing of farm mortgages, old age security, a living wage for all work ers, limitation on Individual incomes, the establishment of a central bank, the issuance by congress of fill cur rency and its regulation of the value bf all the money. Flans were made for the new party to hold a national convention some time during August in Cleveland. Mr. Lemke said the Union party has the support of farm unions, labor, the National Union for Social Justice es tablished by Father Coughlin, the Townsend old age pension movement and “all other liberals who have been ’driven- from the old parties.” 1 U. S. Revokes Sanctions Imposed on Italy F OLLOWING the lead of Great Brit ain, the United States formally re voked all sanctions imposed agaipst Itqjy during the recent Italo-Ethiopian conflict. A proclama- 11 o n by President Roosevelt declared all previous communica tions dealing with the sale of munitions of war, loans and travel by Americans on Ital ian ships was revoked. Although the sanc tions were against both Italy and Ethi opia, in practical ap plication they were used only against Italy, since the United States did not supply the African nation with any war materials and the empire of Haile Selassie had no ships of its own. The French cabinet agreed to abide by any action which the League of Na tions may take in cancelling sanctions against Italy. The British government’s decision to abandon sanctions was defended In an address by Prime Minister Baldwin as the only alternative which would pre vent a suicidal war plunging western civilization Into “barbarous anarchy." Stanley Baldwin F.n* Farm Income Sharply Up In Year’s First Quarter ARM cash Income from marketing the United States amounted to $2,017,000,000 In the first four montiis of 1930, compared with $1,749,000,000 last year, an increase of lf>.3 per cent, according to a compilation issued by the Alexander Hamilton institute. The Institute's figures showed that the price level during the first four months was 2.3 [>er cent lower than a year ago. but the quantity marketed showed an increase of 18.1 per cent. mm Sen. Fletcher Senator Fletcher of Florida Passes Away D EATH “in the harness” came to Senator Duncan U. Fletcher, dean of the senate, who had represented Florida in the upper house for the last quarter of a century. He died suddenly at his home in Washing ton. Senator Fletcher, a strong supporter of the Roosevelt admin istration although he was considered a con servative, was chair man of the banking and currency commit tee which bore the brunt of the task in volved in the currency reform legislation and the banking act of 1935. President Roosevelt, in a statement eulogizing the senator, said ‘the coun try has lost an able and conscientious servant in the death of Senator Fletcher.” He declared the Floridian “was ever actuated by motives of high patriotism and unselfish devotion to the public welfare.” The death of Senator Fletcher fol lowed closely the passing of Senator Park Trammel of Florida and the death of Speaker Joseph W. Byrns of Ten nessee. Senator Fletcher was born in Sum ter county, Georgia, January 6, 1850. He was graduated from Vanderbilt university In 1880 and began the prac tice of law In Jacksonville, Fla., in 1881. He was elected to the United States senate in 1908 and had been renominated and re-elected in each subsequent term. Republicans Make Plans for Coming Campaign I N TOPEKA, Kan., Gov. Alfred M. Landon, Republican nominee for the Presidency, met Col. Frank Knox, Vice Presidential nominee, and Chairman John Hamilton and members of the execu tive committee of the Republican national committee to make plans for the coming campaign. Speaking itineraries for Gover nor Landon and Col onel Knox were dis cussed as well as oth er campaign strategy. Youth is definitely John Hamilton represented In the re organized personnel of the executive committee which will chart the Repub lican course. Hamilton, the new chair man, is forty-four. The youngest mem ber, Robert P. Burroughs of Manches ter, N. H., is thirty-six. Seven new members attended the meeting, includ ing Burroughs; Representative Joseph W. Martin, Jr., North Attleboro, Mass.; J. Will. Taylor, Knoxville, Tenn.; Mrs. Horace Sayre, Ardmore, Okla.; Mrs. John Wyeth, St. Joseph, Mo.; Ezra Whitla, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho; and Earl Warren, Oakland, Calif. Mem bers returned to the committee are: Charles D. Hilles, New York; Harrison E. Spangler, Cedar Rapids, Iowa; R. B. Creager, Brownsville, Texas; Mrs. Bertha Baur, Chicago, 111.; Mrs. Paul Fitzsimmons, Newport, R. I.; Walter S. Hallahan, Charleston, W. Va.; and George Ball, Muncie, Ind. In the reorganization of the commit tee, Hamilton traded posts with Henry P. Fletcher, who took over the job of counsel for the committee. C. B. Good- speed of Chicago succeeded George F. Getz as treasurer. The other commit tee officers Include four vice chairmen: Ralph E. Williams, Oregon; J. Henry Roraback, Connecticut; Mrs. John E. Hillman, Colorado; and Mrs. James Worthington, Pennsylvania. Far-East Situation Reaches Grave Cris : .s T HE situation in the Far East reached a graver crisis. Friction between Japan and China became more intense when it was reported that a Chinese customs cruiser had fired upon a Japanese ship, off the harbor of Chikou, Hopei province. At the same time foreign residents of Peiping were amazed at the spec tacle of 3,000 Japanese troops In full war regalia parading through the le gation quarter^ While Japanese officers declined to explain the unprecedented influx of troops, observers declared that the soldiers were from nearby Tungchow and Fengtal. International Conference on Mediterranean Problems A GENERAL review of the naval and military problems in the Mediterranean loomed as the result of Turkey’s request to fortify the Dar danelles. Meeting in Montreux. Swit zerland, delegates from Great Britain, France, Italy, Turkey. Japan, Greece and Yugoslavia indicated they would lay before an international conference the objectives in which their nations are Interested. It was reported that Great Britain was considering presentation of a mutual assistance naval pact in the Mediterranean, providing for Italy’s participation. Should such a step be taken, It would extend a series of such pacts which were concluded between Britain and France, Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey against Italy at the time sanctions were Imposed on II Duce. it was believed that Japan would seek liberation from the clause of the Lausanne agreement by which she, with Great Britain, France and Italy, guaranteed freedom of the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmora and the Bos phorus. Russia was expected to urge a ban on the passage of warships to the Black sea. while demanding the right of Soviet fighting vessels and subma rines to come into the Mediterranean, in the event site engaged in war. mm*: •• • .fx-x- >:• % vX:■ ■ v.v..- -x .w. iipii £ r~:< r~\ .?V: m m ■■■■■■■ ■ * mm In September, 1774, the first Continental Congress met and offered up a petition for divine guidance through days which were ominoualy turbulent. The four kneeling figures in the left foreground are, from left to right, Patrick Henry, Va.; John Rutledge, S. C.; George Wash ington, Va., and Peyton Randolph, Va. Directly to the left and standing are. Samuel and Jdhn Adams of Massachusetts. The Congress said in reference to the Intolerable Acta that “no obedience is due from Aid province.”. And. “whereas our enemies have flattered them selves that they shall make an easy prey of this numerous, brave ^nd hardy people,” those “who are qualified” are urged “to acquaint themselves with the art of war as soon as possible, and do for that purpose appear under arms at least once a week.” Its drawing up of “The Association” to forbid the import of British goods after December 1, 1774, and the export of American goods to Great Britain, Ireland and the West Indies after September 10, 1775, aroused severe Opposition but it has been called “virtually the beginning of the federal union.” i V . , . - A What Made July4 Our Greatest Day ULY 2, io the year 1776, fell on a Tuesday.’ The Con tinental Congress, then in convention In Philadelphia, opened Its session at 9 a. m. in Independence hall. The record of that day’s business. As set forth in the Journal ft // of the Continental Congress, Is brief and lacking in many details, observes Hal Borland in the Philadelphia Pub lic Ledger. Several letters, including one from General Washington, were read and disposed of, that of Washing ton being “referred to the board of war and ordhance.” Then the Journal says: “The congress resumed the consider ation of the resolution agreed to by and reported from the committee of the whole; and the same being read, was agreed to as follows: “Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be. Free and Independent states: that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connexion between them, and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. “Agreeable to the order of the day, the congress re solved Itself into a committee of the whole; the presi dent resumed the chair. Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have had under consideration the declaration to them referred; but, not having had time to go through, desired leave to sit again. Resolved, That this Congress will, tomorrow, again resolve itself into a committee of the whole, to take Into their further consideration the declar ation of independence.” A few minutes later the session ad journed until “9 o’clock to Morrow.” T HIS resolution, agreed to many years ago, had been presented to the Congress for action on the seventh day of theJune preceding, almost a month before. It was drawn up and present ed by Richard Henry Lee, pursuant to a resolution of the Virginia house of burgesses adopted on May 15, the same year. It was seconded, when pre sented to the Congress, by John Adams, on behalf of the Massachusetts delega tion. Consideration, however, was de ferred until the following day, when it was referred to the committee of the whole. Postponed again on the eighth, which was a Saturday, on the tenth of June a committee was appointed “to prepare a declaration to the effect of the said first resolution.” That com mittee was composed of Thomas Jeffer son, chairman; John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston and Roger Sherman. This committee brought In its report on June 28, with the first draft of the declaration. It was read and ordered to lie on the table. That was a Friday. The Congress adjourned that day until the following Monday, July 1. • • • T HEN came July 2, with the passage of the resolution presented on the seventh of June by Mr. Lee, but still without agreement on the text of the declaration Itself. July 3 saw a sim ilarly fruitless discussion. But on Thursday morning July 4. differences had been smoothed out. The Journal, in Its entry for that day. records: “Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole, to take into their farther consideration, the declar ation. The president resumed the chair. Mr. Harrison reported that the committee of the whole Congress have agreed to a Declaration, which he de livered in. The Declaration being again read, was agreed to.” The text of the declaration as agreed to finally was substantially a$ Jeffer son had prepared it. T HE Declaration received the votes of all the Colonies except New York, whose delegates were not then authorized to commit themselves on the matter. A short time later they were so authorized and also sanctioned it. At the July 4 session, after agree ment to the Declaration, the Con gress ordered that it be printed and copies sent to the various Colonial As semblies and to the commanding offi cers of the Conti nental troops and that it be pro claimed “in each of the United States, and at the head of the army.” It was signed the same day by John Hancock, as president of the Congress. The other signatures, h o w- ever, were not in scribed on the orig inal text. That text was copied on parchment, and on August 2 the for mality of signing took place. Fifty- three signed that day; three signed later in the year. Of the fifty-six sign ers, seven were not members of the Congress on July 4 when the Declara tion was agreed to, and of those who were present on that historic day, seven never signed the document. The Declaration was first proclaimed in public on July 8, when it was read by John Nixon from the platform built in Independence Squgre in 1769. • • • T HE Declaration was not adopted by the Continental Congress until al most fifteen months after the War for Independence started with the engage ments at Concord and Lexington. They occurred on April 19, 1775. In fact, seven important battles of that war had been fought before the resolution of independence introduced by Mr. Lee was agreed to. They were, besides Concord and Lexington, Ticonderoga, on May 10; Bunker Hill, on June 17; Montreal, on November 13; Quebec, on December 31, all in 1775, and Fort Moultrie, on June 28, 1776. George Washington had been commander-in chief—though he was termed a general —of the Continental forces since June 15, 1775. At the time of the Declara tion, Washington was in the Held and had been for more than a year. On the day it was formally adopted he he was in New York,' preparing for what was to be the Battle of Long Island. Despite the deliberate action of the Congress, however, there had beec de mands for a declaration of independ ence months before that July day In 1776. There was the Macklenberg Dec laration, passed on May 20, 1775. And on April 22, 1776, the freeholders of Cumberland county, Virginia, called for similar action by the Virginia con vention itself, which met on May 6 and moved for the declaration which Rich ard Henry Lee presented to the Con gress the following month. Presidents and the Fourth Data of things that happened on the Fourth of July reveal that one Presi des Calvin Coolldge, was born on the Fourth and three Presidents, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe, died on July 4, Adams anil .l” rr '> r son dying on the same date iu 1826. Independence Day From Woshington Star * r HEN those fleeting flaming glories W ere displayed across the sky In remembrance of the stories, '■Of brave men in days gone by. Then we thought of deeds of daring And of clear and steadfast minds That' had set the country faring Safe through the tempestuous wlnas. Then we pondered on the toiling And the watches of the night; Of the suffering and despoiling Braved in reverence of the right. And each memory we cherish Shall not fade away and die. Shall not be allowed to perish "Like a rocket in the sky. Where Old Glory Was First Flown 8 "N June, 1777, a committee hav ing been appointed by con gress to confer with General Washington concerning a de sign for a national flag, it re ported in favor of one con taining thirteen stripes, al ternately red and white, and a blue field adorned with thirteen white stars. This was adopted June 14, and the design was carried to the up holstering shop of Mrs., Ross, No. 239 Arch street, Philadelphia, where the first national flag was made. The original design required six- pointed stars, but, upon Mrs. Ross’ sug gestion that five- pointed stars would be more symmetri cal, the pffttern was changed. This lady was afterward given the position of manufacturer of government flags, which occupation upon her death was retained by her chil dren. Tiie claim Is well established, states a writer in the Cleve land Plain Dealer, that a flag of this design of stars and stripes was first hoisted at Fort Stan- wlx, called Fort Schuyler at the time, near the present city of Rome, N. Y„ on August 3, 1777. It was first under fire three days inter in the battle of Oriskany. By act of congress January 13, 1794, the design of the flag was changed so as to Incorporate fifteen stripes and fifteen stars, after the admission of Vermont and Kentucky, and one star was to be added for every subsequent state admitted. This, however, was re pealed in 1818, when the original num ber of stripes was established, the stars contrinning to increase as new states were admitted. DISPLAYING THE FLAG T HE flag code states that when the flag Is displayed either hori zontally or vertically against a wall, the union should be uppermost and to the flag’s own right, i. e., to the observer's left. Under the heading “Cautions,” the code reads: “Do not use the flag as drapery in any form whatever. Use bunting of blue, white and red.”