McCormick messenger. (McCormick, S.C.) 1902-current, March 15, 1928, Image 7
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Thursday, March 15, 1923
McCORMICK MESSENGER, McCORMI< Sr.Hth Carolina.
P p rrr\ C*
Frank Farmer’s
Fertilizer Figuring
a d kf's a practice of turning un
der at least one cover crop on every
acre of his land every year, and a
legume crop on eve:y acre at least
^ ' one year in every three. For cover
* ° ma n P ro k^ ems crops he -uses rye or oats, and for
nund of Frank Farmer right now is ^ lcgume crop . he plants hairy
naving to do with the most economi- vetc , f cr 1Tlson and bur clover, soy
nying and intelligent use of | and lespe eza. As a result he
commercial fertilizers on th : s year’s ge|s f£r more bcne1it from the corn-
crops. The recent warm spring
weather has se 1 - the farming bee to
buzzing i i his wide-br'mmed straw
hat, and he is finxicus to get his seed
m the ground. However, he knows
that he will not reap a paying har
vest from his plantings unless he
uses a goodly amount of commerc'al
fertilizers along w.th his seeds and
plants.
Do not get the idea, however, that
Frank is a farmer who puts his
whole dependence in commercial fer
tilizer, for he is not. He is a strong
believer in cover crops and legumes,
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at
merc’al fertll z:;rs that he uses, and
own wit 1 ; jut fear of losing
it in a drouth, more fertilizer than
hjs '■? -f bo farmers can use.
Frank Farmer figures that the
frmer who d es not return every
year to his soil as much plant food
ns his crops remove "s like a man
drawing upon his bank account with
out depositing money to take the
Place of that drawn out. Sooner or
later, he will awake to the fact, as
many farmers throughout, the coun
try, ard especially throughout the
cotton belt already have, that he has
overdrawn his account of soil fertil
ity, and. he says that if the old adage
that, a man must have money to make
money is true, then it is also true
that a man must have soil fertil ty to
make crops that will make h ; jn
money.- Many fanners, according to
his observations, not only here in Mc
Cormick County, bu c throughout the
cotton belt, are struggling along on
poor, worn out land that will never
yield them a decent living as com
pared to that of men in other indus
tries, until this land s systematical
ly improved and intelligently fertil
ized.
have,” says Fiank Farmer in
talking of the situation, _ “taken the
fertile fields that our forefathers
cleared from the wilderness and
which was rich with the accumula
tions of natural fertlization of
leaves, grasses, and other natural
growth of centuries, and mined these
fields of this natural fertility
through years of cropping in cotton,
corn, and other staple crops, with
out retumirg in the form of cover
crops and commeicial fertilizers, the
fertility and organic matter taken
away. This cond tion has continued
until poor land is the curse of the
south, and the production averages
of many of our staple crops show a
figure almost dpwn to the cost of
production. Nor, will the most in
telligent and liberal use of commer
cial fertilizers ever completely rem-.
edy this condition,” he continues,
“but we must some day awake to the
fact that only through systematic
and constant soil improvement with
the use of cover crops and legumes
1 will we ever bring our soils to f
state of profitable cultivation, and
to the place where they will yield
the gier.test profits from the com
mercial fertilizers that ^ve use. Thir
however, is a long time program, and
as Frank Farmer is concerned right 1
now with the commerc'al fertilizer j
problem, we shall try to follow him
through his figurings on that prop-
os : tion.
Experience has taught Frank that
d'ffcrcnt crons requ're Afferent fer
tilizers for highest yields at lowest
costs, and, also, that different so 1"
need different fertil'zers to produce
the same crop most economically.
Therefore, he keeps in touch with his
experiment station, wh ; ch has spent
years working on the problem of
how to best adjust the formulas and
amoun- s ef fertilizers to the d'ffer- j
ent crops and roils in his state This |
contact with the experiment stat on
he obtains through his local county
agent, whose duty it is to keep post
ed on the results of the experiment
station’s work, and to assist the far
mers of the county in adjusting the
recommendations of the experiment
station to their individual farms.
Frank Farmer has found that the
experiment stat'ons have arrived at
seme very definite icsults through
their experiments, results that have
proved profitable and successful on
farms where they have been triec
out on a large scale in actual prac
tice. He finds that the old Tnethod
of buying commercial fertilizers
without thought of the analysis has
passed, and that the thinking farmer
of today knows what his soils and
crops require, and is going about to
get the formulas that will give him
the greatest return for his money
and at the same time conserve the
fertility of his soil.
During the World War, Frank
found it impossible to buy fertilizers
conta'ning potash at a reasonable
price. Thereforq, he did as other
farmers did, and planted his crops
without potash. Finding that on his
red soils especially he made about
as good crops as heretofore, he be
gan investigating and found that we
had been greatly over-estimating
the value of this element in our fer-
tibzers, and that we need practically
no potash for corn, and very little
for cotton where it is planted on red
soils or soils having red clay sub
soils. At the same time, the experi
ments have shown that ammonia is
even more profitable in the produc-
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tion of most crops that we had
thought before, and has proved to be
the best paying element in our com
mercial fertilizers. Phosphoric acid
is always needed for its influence
in producing hardy, early crops, es
pecially of cotton.
Frank learned from his experiment
station that the lint and seed neces
sary to produce a bale of cotton
takes from the soil the follow ng
amounts of actual plant food: 33 lbs.
ammonia, 12 lbs. phosphoric acid,
and 14 1-2 lbs potash. This is equal
to the value of around 100 lbs. ac’d
phosphate, 200 lbs. nitrate of soda
or 150 lbs. sulphate of ammonia,
and 120 lbs. kainit. Since much of
the phosphoric acid changes its con
dition in the soil, however, it has
been found necessary to apply around
twice the amount that is actually re
moved from the soil in the cotton
crop. To offset this condition,
though, our red clay soils every
year yield from natural chemical
changes a large part of the potash
necessary to make a normal cotton
crop. This is not the condition with
sandy soils, and a deficiency there of
potash in cotton fertilizers will re
sult in decreased yields and rust. As
a result of these findings, Frank is
using in his home mixture for cotton
on his red soils 300 lbs. acid phos
phate, 200 lbs. nitrate of soda or 150
lbs. sulphate of ammonia and 75 lbs.
kainit per acre. On his sandy soils
he is using these same amounts of
phosphate acid and nitrate of soda or
sulphate of ammonia, but increases
his ka’nit to 150 lbs. per acre. One
third of his ammonia-carrying ma
terials, that is his nitrate of soda or
sulphate of ammonia, is applied at
planting timq. and the other two-
thirds is used as a side-dresser as
soon after the cotton is chopped as is
possible, and before the cotton is
dieted. In mixed goods, Frank uses
400 to 600 lbs. 10-3-2 fertilizer to
the acre for cotton on red land at
planting timq. and side dresses with
100 lbs. nitrate of soda or 75 lbs.
sulphate of ammon'a after chopping.
On sandy land he uses the same
amount of a 10-3-4 at planting and
the same amount of nitrate of soda
as a side dresser. If it is impossible
to use a s’de dresser he uses a 10-
5-2 at planting on red lands and a
10-5-4 on sandy lands.
For corn, Fiank has learned that
ammonia is the only fertilizing ma
terial that pays for its use in any
quantity. Phosphoric ac d in small
• amounts is sometimes profitable, but
he makes the most cor n with am-
monia. Therefore, if he uses phos
phoric acid, as he sometimes does on
poor land, he applys around 100 lbs.
to the acie at planting time. Then
he uses 200 lbs. nitrate of soda or
150 lbs. sulphate of ammonia as a
side dresser in two applications; one
when the corn :s around knee high,
and the rest when the corn is laid
by. He says that corn returns less
profit per acre than any other crop
grown upon his farm, and that his
fertilizers for the crop must be made
as efficient as poss ; ble if he is to
get a profit at all.
As is the case with corn, small
grains require very little fertil : zer
besides ammonia. Frank says he us
ually finds it profitable to apply 100
to 200 lbs. 10-4-4 fertilizer in the
fall to his wheat, oat.T and barley,
as this gives the grain a better start
during the winter and earlier Open
ing in the spring. However, he never
fails to top dress all small grain in
early March with 100 to 200 lbs. nit
rate of soda or 75 to 100 lbs. sul
phate of ammonia to the acre. Asked
why he varied the amounts of nitrate
of soda to the acre, Frank replied
that the amount he used was always
in proportion to the size of his poc
ket book at the t : me. He always
used as much as he could well afford
up to 200 lbs.
Frank Farmer advises home mix
ing of fertilizers only for those far
mers who can buy their materials in
ton lots. Where a farmer mixes four
or five tons of fertilizer, he can save
some money by doing hi s own mix
ing. He gives some good formulas
for home mixing elsewhere in this
issue.
As to the materials that can be
used for home mixing, Frank says
that there are many. However, as
there are only a few of these that
are available on the local market, we
need not concern ourselves so much
about the others. The most import
ant nitrogen or ammonia carrying
fertilizers that we have are nitrate
of soda analyzing around 18 per cent
ammonia, and sulphate of ammonia
aiound 25 per cent ammonia. The!
main difference between these ma-,
terials besides their ammonia con
tent is the fact that sulphate of am
monia is around ten days to tw> j
weeks later in action tha n nitrate of
soda. The only phosphorus maur.'-f
on oyr market is phosphoric acid, |
can ying on an average of 16 per
cent phosphorous available for plant,
use. This material, he is advised willj
hereafter be known to the fertilizer
world as Superphosphate. For jjot-
• ash the chief materials are kainifc*
with 12 per cent potash and muriate
of potash, with 48 per cent potash.
Frank Farmer always uses high
grade materials if he can get them.
He uses muriate of potash i n his
mixing, because he gets the same
fertTizing materials in 100 lbs. of
this material as he gets in 400 lbs.
kainit. and pays freight on 300 lbs.
less material. He uses 12-4-4 or
12-5-5 in his mixed goods for the
same reason.
He always looks for the amounts
of inorganic and organic ammon ; a in
his mixed goods formulas. Inorganic
ammonias come from substances that
are m'ned or manufactured, such as
nitrate of soda,. sulphate of ammonia,
or calcium nitrate. Organic ammon
ias come from fish scrap, dried blood,
tankage, etc , and are more slowly
available than the inorganic am
monias. Both are desirable in their
places, and he has found from his
experiment station that the most ef
ficient cotton fertilizer should con
tain 40 per cent organic ammonia,
and 60 per cent inorganic ammonia,
and he gets good results from the
use of this balance.
THOS. W. MORGAN.
County Agent.
LEGAL
NOTICE
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, i
County of McCormick, (
In the Court of Common Pleas.
W. E. SHEPPARD, ET AL., Plain
tiffs,
• against
R. F. MORRIS, ET AL., Defendants.
Pursuant to an order of the court
in the above entitled case, all per
sons who had a deposit in the Bank
of McCormick, McCormick. S. C., at
thq Fine it was closed are hereby
not’fied that they are required to
file with the undersigned proof of
such deposit and their claim within
thirty days i n order to participate in
a distribution of the funds now ava 1-
able for that purpose as ordered by
the Court. Suitable blank forms for
proof of such deposit be churn
ed from the undersigi
J. A. TALBERi,
Clerk of Court. McCormick County,
McCormick, S. C. ,
March 5, 1928.-3t,