Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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NEWBERRY, S. C., TUESDAY, APRIL 13, 1897. TWICE A WEEK 1.5 sod to Pick Sed from the The Advent of the Ooton Gin, the pinning Jenny and the Power Loons-A Revolution Ia Coin ' orce and Manufactures. -Cotton io king i" I don't know I who first said that, but it is a fact. I ITb the most useful and 'most im- t 1,iportant product in the world and has f the most intluence on its commerce. I was ruminating about this bocauiso r of some letters of inquiry that from i time to time I have received con- v corning cotton. The last one. from v an old friend Colonel Saxon, says he I cannot learn from the department ( at Washington when cotton cloth I was first imported to this coun- t try. And so I will venture a few ro marks on the subject in general,,46r it is full of remarkabl facts and f illustrates the kinC ,s of providence to His creoa t13. Providence is i always kindV and whenever we need i anything.[,ie unlocks another door c of H reasury and says here - it r 1s.t here is no doubt at all that the I cotton plant. was created "in the be. i ginning," and with a design for the s use and benefit of mankind when it 1 should be needed. Attention was at- I tracted to it away back in the cen- t turies. Four hundred and fifty years t before the Christian era Herodotus c wrote about it as a plant bearing fleo- t - ces more delicate and beautiful than s those of shoop and of the Indians C using it for the manufacture of cloth. f From India it was introduced into r Greece and Rome and CatIsar used 1: it for his army tents and covered the f forum with it. The cotton fabrics N of the Hindoos have been excelled t only by tho most perfect machinery I of modern times. We road of a i Hindoo princess who came into a i court reception and the king said, t "Go home-go home, my child-you i are not decently covered"-and she i replied, "Father, I have seven suits t on," but they were of cotton muslin f so thin and delicate that the king could s6e through them. The fam- I ous muslins of Decca, in -Calcutta, i were called "webs of woven wind," E and when a piece was laid upon the I dew-covered grass it was not discerni ble. ImaginO the wonder of the fabrics when 'there was not a spindle, but the di Itaff and only a loom that the * wea'r carried about-with him set ting it up under a tree and digging a hole in the ground for his feet to work the . treadle. But the mann factuiro of cotton for the common people was smothered during all these &onturies and ~"only wo.ol and flax were used for clothing. The an cient Egyptians used it to some ox-. tent, spinning it with the di8taff and *.weaving it with the primitive ,looms, 1 * but the plant was not cultivated. It . was indigenous to that country and1 the fleece wvas gathered from the wild stocks. It wa~s not until the tenth conjury,that the culi ationb b: 'in andithat was by the lMoy6rs in Spain. ~The Venetian's engagod' in r it in the fourteenth century and the - English- in the early. part' -of'- the eighteenth. -But its *use was very limited, for 'the seod wvore in 'the way. lut now. comes tI). e volution .of er ton; the revolutiong that in a few 1 J re made it .king. Nothing so" wvonderful has ever 'transpired in 1 commerce and manufactur,e. There was a conjunctid$i of the thee things * that' were necessary to bring .iboist this revolution: The cbtton gin ,by 'hitey 7in1798; tha spinning jenny by Arkwright in 1787, and the power .login gby CartWright. in 17892 all staitted the world about the sa,pe time ardhave ani inipul's to the gr'owth and ugo arid inniatfacture fo cotton that was pregnant with 'great results.. One of these results wms tbh'1Ixing of slavery as arfinstitution upon the South.orn States. Up to that time it.was not consideredoeither safe or profitable to encouirnge their irnportation from the Northern' States. But of course it took sev d years for these-inventions to be e etierally introduced. My other told me that as late as 1818 ihe used to spend most of the winter vening picking the seed from the -otton by hand--with half a dozen )r -more of the family servants sit ing in a circle around the fire. Sho ied with thom in trying to excel in he quantity seeded. This was in Eiberty County of this State, and he cotton was probably the long taple variety. Whitney becarpe involved in inter ainable law suit6 and his gin, which as for only the short staple cotton, ras not in general use for many years fter it was invented. My father out up the first gin in Gwii,nott .ounty in 1828, and seed cotton was auled.jo it from the adjacent coun ry. , Previous to the use of the gin )*as considered a fair day's work > seed enough to make a pound of nt. But the gin with two attend. ats picked 400 pounds in a day. Lt that time the old-fashioned spin. iing wheel was in general use and a ay's work for the spinner was six uts-a cut being 140 rounds on the col, but the first spinning jenny iith onTattindant did eighty times S much and did it better. Later on did 2,000 times as much. The aving in weaving by the power >om was in similar proportion and enco it suddenly caine about that on men could do the work of ten liousand. No wonder that Hargrav s and Arkwright were driven from heir homes by the spinners and pinsters. Excuse me for tolling the irls just here that a spinster is the ominine for spinner and used to :ian a marriageable girl who ad made herself eligible and itten to be married by spinning and veaving onough cloth for her own roussea-u, and sheets and covorlets or the bod and table cloths and kapkins for the table. This was the lowry she brought her husband. But heso inventors went to Nottingham md put up their mills and made a nonopoly of tlw business. They nd their associates grow rich so ast that they determined to oi lude 11 mankind from acquiring a know edge of their inventions. ~ The doors vere kept locked and the operatives worn to secrecy. New England :ied in vain to buy the right and ould not compete with English rarns. But deliverance was not far off. 5amuel and John Slater, who had vorked for Arkwright in England for even years, saw large money on this ide the water. They caIme and rought with them a full ,knowvledge f all three of theinventions and how o use them and how to build a faic ory. Of course they met with a arrd.-reception, autd..i .1806 they rectiod a mill and planted a town Lnd.namned it platervillo. They soon lado-a.fortune. When John died eo left .his. millions, to hij. son .anmd rhen John, Jr., got ready. to. die he eOqueathed a million to our.:Dr. Hay. ood in trust for the education of the oegroes of the South. It was a. gift it to.lie made, 'for the fathere. and nothers of these negroes grew the. ~ottdn:that 'made the Slators .j rich. Phe Slaters not -only spun their ~arnar bub wove. them, and .tho: cloth ~as called .homespun, because it wvas woven at ho&o-and not brought from Ingland. But although cotton was ,now king ~ommercially, -it wvas rankba socially y other falbrics. It w'as no& so d~autiful as silk nor so strong asfiax ior so warm as wool, and hence for rears it was woven only into the comn non -fabric for the common people. rh calico that woro imported from DAlittni Turkeys wor6 spun with a ~listaff and woven in the old-fashioned band loom.. Thecnankeen cloth that amo froi Nankin in China was made by a - similar process. I remember .hAt ing father, who was a merchant, bought some .of that nankeon when I vas a lad and my mother made me a inir of. pants and a round jacket out >f It and I was proud and yellow. It was not until the 10'si when the finer abric, such as muslims and lawns, were made of cottons In 1842 a ma ehhle was Invented of so delicate, a THE STATE PRESS MHE MIETING OF TIlE ASSOOIATION AT NEWISEtICY. ,onmen's Paradise Is What That Town Proposes to be Next Month-Prograuiue of the Annual Sessions. [The State, 10th.] The preparation for the annual nooting of the S:Ate Press associa ion. which is to be hell in Newber y, Mqy 25tb to 27th not, have boon ibout completed-and Seocretary Lang ton has just issued the following ircular giving the programme in ull, which will be of particular in arest to the many members of the ssociation: .o the Members of the South Caro lina Press Association: The following programme has icon arranged by-the executive com aittoo for the twenty-third annual ,ieoting of the association, which ill be held at Newberry, S. C., May 5th-27th: Tuesday, May 25th, 8 p. m.-Wol DMe meeting in the opera house. ddresses of welcome by Major, I. H. Evans, in behalf of city coun il, Col. W. H. Hunt and Prof. G. B. iromer, in behalf of the citizens of Towbarry. Responded to by Mr. H. 0. Ostoon and the Rov. W. P. Jac bs, vice presidents of the associa ion. Appointmont of committeos. Wednesday, 0.30 a. m.-Miscol rineous business, reports of commit BOs, officers, etc. Papers will be road on the follow 3g subjects by the members named: "The Newspaper as an Educator" -Rev. A. J. S. Thomas, Baptist .ourier, Greenville, S. C. "The Law of Libel as Applied to Towspaprs"-R. T. Janos, Keowee .ourier, Walhalla, S. C. .General discussion on the above ubjects. Afternoon Session, 3 .o'clock 'The Rights of Newspapers as Re ,ards Legal Advertisements"--Louis Lppelt, Times, Manning, S. C. General discussion on the above ubject. Miscellaneous business. Evening Session, 8 o'clock-An imal address by the Hon. Patrick Valsh of the Augusta (Ga.) Chroni 1c. At the conclusion of the address he association will adjourn to the iewborry hotel, where a banquet vill be tendered by the citizens. Thursday, 9:30 a. m.--Miscellan on9 business. "Uses and Abuses of the Country ?ress"-Col. A. R. Thompson, Koo vee Courier, WValhalla, S. C. "Value of Illuistratsons in a News >ap)er"-J. C. Garlington, Herald, spartanburg, S. C. General discussion on the above ubjects. Thursday afternoon a carriage irive and other pleasures wvill be ten lore(d the association by the citizens. Evening Session, 8 o'clock-"The )uty and the Work of the Press in 3uilding up South Carolina"--Gen. f. L. Stopplebein, News, Summer rillo, S. C. "Editorial Backbone"-W. W. Ball, Greenville. S. C. General discussion of the above ubjects. Friday, 9 a. m.-Final Meeting dfiscellaneous business, election of flicors, etc. At 12 m. the association will leave towberry for Hlarris' sdprings, where ye will be entertained that evening vith an elegant banquet, tendered >y Mr. J. T. Harris, p)roprietor of the sprmngs. The association has also been in rited to stop at Clinton, S. (., en 'outo to the springs, visit the Thorn ,vell orphanage and take lunch in the >rphanQgo dining hall, to be served >y the ladies of Clinton. We will leave Harris' Springs on [Itridlay night via the Seaboard Air Eine railroad for Nashville, Tonn., to risit,the Tennesseo Centennial expo ition. The arrangements for this rip have not yet all been completed, ma another circular, giving all nec issary information in regard to it, yill be sent you in due time. Newberry. as you all know, i. the bome of our ofilciont and clover pres ident, Maj. E. H- Aull, and ho, with the other members of the local press, Logethor with the citizens of the city, hvill leave nothing undone that will lend to the comfort and pleasure of ,he mouors of the association dur ng our stay there, and it is hopod bat overy newspaper in tho, State vill be ropresented,at this meeting. - All editors and publishers in the 3tate who are not members are cor lially invited to come and join the Issociation at this meeting. By order of the executivo commit Ako. C. C. LANoSTON, Socrotary. Southern Insurance Men. On April 28th, at Southern Pines, q. C., will. he hold a meeting of southern insuranco mon, with the riow of solving the problom of how ,o koop Southern insuranco money n the South. A conservative osti nato of the amount of money taken mit of this section annually to fill he coffers of Northern insurance .ompanies is placed at $25,000,000. rhis money should romain and seok nvostmonts hero, tog-'hor v,ith oth >r money that would como in. The 'ato of interest hero is cortainly more )rofitsble than in the North. On this lino the Savanna Morning iows says: "The movement to have the southern people insure in Southern ,ompanies is a good one. All the >usiness which the South can do vith hor own peoplo ought to bo lone with them. The South will bo ilow in getting rich if she sonds all >f her surplus earning to Now York md New England. "All tho groat guarantee compa lies and nearly all the firms which loal in stocks and cotton futures are in the North. These institutions :ako away frc:n the Sonth many mil ions of dollars every year. Thoro is no good reason why such institu ions should not bo established in the South, so that their earnings would be invested in the South. "The reason why the rate of in borest is so much lowor in Now York ind Now England than in the South is chilly because the bulk of the cur rency accumulates thoro, however many banks we might have or what 3vor monetary system might bo .dopted, so long as the North does All our life and fire insuranco busi aeks, has all tho guarantoo compa uics, and does all the trading in stocks and cotton futures. "What we must do is this: WVe m~ust support~ home institutions. The millions of dollars we send North avery year must be kept in the South and inve-sted in Southern enterprises. It is for our ablest men to say how this condition of affairs is to be brought about. It must b)o brought about however, or we shall remain poor and continue to com plain oftho scarcity of mony while the North will be rich and have mnoro) money than she knows what to (10 with." Anid Thmere niro OitherH. (F?rom the Boston Jounalin.] We know a young man who fre cluonta clubs, lie is tactiturn and almost morose when comparatively poor men are in the room, iIe is affable wvhen a mo rchant approaches. Lie tells a dialect story wheni two or throe rich muon loaf at their ease. And wvhen ho ob)sorves the combina Lion of wealth and Brahmin blood, lie adids 3ongs, find is indeed the per son ification of merriment. And there fore lie is often described as "that most ahmusing, delightful follow," and thus lie earns dinner and vaca tion invitations. For the rich have their josters, even if they (10 not in sist any longer on costume of motley and cap-and-bells.' Johnson's Chill and Pe ver Tonic is a ONfE-DAY Cure. It cures the most stubborn case of Pever in 24'HIoirs. nature that a single pound of cotton was spun to a length of 1,100 miles, and in 1851 some cloth of exquisite fineness was woven expressly for a dress for the queen of England and was exhibited at the Crystal Palace fair in London in that year. But it is still asserted that no machinery has ever surpassed the hand work of the Hindus and that Montezuma pro. sented Cortez with robes of cotton I interyoven with feather work that t rivaled the delicacy of the finest T pginting. But notwithstunding the inyentions H of the spinning jenny and the power ( loom, our country people continued f for years to spin and to weave their t own cloth, and the female slaves were made to do so by their masters. The 'J spinning wheel was the first to sur rendor and the factory yarn, or "spun truck," as it was called, camo into 1 geoeral use along in the 40's. In a I few years more the home-made loom t had to go, and since* the war the N wheel and the loom have conesd 2 their music in the homes of our peo.. plo. c It was not until after the close of I the war of 1812 that even the North- I era people bought any cloth from c England. Until about 1816 England ( had none to sell or export, but from I that time until 1824 the exportation ( increased very rapidly and almost C paralyzed our Now England mills. t But in that year and in 1828 and 1832 Congress placed a duty of 25 1 per cont, ad valorem on all English t cotton goods, and this protection greatly revived our own manufac- i tures. This tariff was rduced in 1846 and the outside given a fairer chance to compoto. But cotton is still king-king in the Southern fields and in tne factories I and in the carrying trade of the ( ocean and in Liverpool and other great markets of the world. Whether 9 we make large crops or small ones, it is still the greatest factor in the world's comfort and piosperity: 6 Long live the king! BILL ARp. K The Evening star. [From the Baltimore Sun.| The brillance of Venus duiing the last two months has attracted gen oral attention, and has caused many t porsons not conversant with astrono mical matters to imagine that a now celestial visitant had appeared in our system. As she hung upon the wvestern horizon her great effulgence and apparent increase in magnitude have given her almost the appear ance of a radiant globe of softly glowing fire, and inquiries have act ually been made whether this beauti. ful light in 'the heavens was not the result of new electrical experiments made 'by Mr. Edison. The "WViz ard1 of Menlo Park" has done many wvonderful things, but he has not yet created a star. As the Sun has explained several times during the last two months, this is a period of great brilliancy with Venus. There is nothing new or irregular in these manifestations. It is the lady plan ot's time for being bright-possibly her gay season, when the heavenly belle, arrays herfelf in her finest jewels and puts on the most dazzling robes of glory she can find in the sky. According to recent astrono mical theory she is dead, but, if this be trrlo, it is clear that she is still beautiful in death, and that "e'cn ir her ashes livo her wonted fires." NOW READY. IiIasaquen," A Legenid of Upper south Carolina. By Charles Sloan eIdch. An equistite Booklet of 42 pages, in which this, one of the most< beautiful stories of all the traditions of the once powerful Cherokee na tion, is recounted-a story in which: all who care for the history and: traditions of South Carolina must be mnterested. Upon receipt of prfco--25 cents the Booklet will be mailed to any 'address by the publisher. J. A. Stock, . -Wnlhialla,. C.R VANCE WAS CHOSEN ELECTED STATE LIQUOt COMMIS HIONER. Other Elections Hid-DIvlIon Over Chair. nattellip-Deer anud Hotel Privilege Matter to be Tt sted in Cotirt. [Stato, April 9.] Tho State board of control was in session nearly all day yostorday, but it was not until about midnight last night that the results of the day's work oouid be ascertained. During tho day -at noon-the membors of tho board visited tho executive chamber by invitaiion of Gov. El lorbo anid a conferenco wis hold in rogard to tho mattor of tho granting of hotel and boor privilogou. (lov. Ellerbe frankly told the board that Io did not conisidor that the Con stitution and the act gave tho board or anyono olso tho right to grant such special privileges. His posi tion wits that the law should: apply to every citizen of th tato equally. The conferenco was a pleasant one. Last night the board announcod that it had docided, in view of the governor's attitldo, to grant no moro such priviloges, though soveral have L-on applying for them, until the matt, r can bo delinitely settled. A caso ill b arranged at onco and carried hofore the Stato supromo court, the object being to havo the (uestion judicially detmrmued forth with. In the m1eant.imo all priviloges herotoforo granted will stand as they are. It is expected that, the catso cn bo hoard noxt wook. Last night the board went into tho m0uch-talkod-of elections. Prac tically all of them woro disposod of save that for clerk of the )board. In the moantimo Mr. Scruggs, who has been the clerk of the board siico its formation, will continuo to dischargo the duties of that oflice for a month, and his two assistants will remain in thoir respective positions. Ono ballot wias taken for the chair manship of the board now hold by Col.'Willio Jones. Tho ballot ro sulted as follows: Jones 2, Williams 1, Douthit 1, blank 1. The last voto was cast by Col. Jonos. Thero was no olection, and the board docided to lot this mattor go over to the next. meeti ng. Mr. Sanuel W. Varco of Laurcns, the officient assistant clerk of the house of repreentativos fer several years, was oloctod Stato liquor com missioner. On the stroots tis so lection met with general approval. Mr. Vance is a popular man anrd is wvell qualified for tIre durties of tire office. Threre were namerous can d i dates for tire position. Mr. (iastonr, who( has h)oon actinag commnissioner, it is said, did; not receive a single vote. Mr. D). A. (1. Ontz, who hais been tire shipping clerk of tire dispersary since its8 establishrment, was re-elected to that position. Mr. RI. E. Blakely was likewise re elected clerik to tire commnissioner. The- oflice of uporurtonrdant formerly 1hold1 by Mr. Gaston under Colonel Mi xson's admninJristrationr, was ab)olishred and thre position of fore man created in its stond1. Mr. T1. E. Dickson of Oconree was elected to~ fill tihe new positionr. His salary wvas fixed at $75 a mronthi. Mr. .Johrn B. D)orn of Edgefieldl was elected as head draymnan of tire dispensary, succeedling Mr. Ward, whio has held tire p)ositionr for several years. Tire usual purchases of liquors woero mnado, buit no inrformnationr as to the amrounrts purchased or from whomr p)urchrased was mando pub)1 It was stated on tihe streets yes terday that Messrs. D)osiher anrd Manrtoue, two well known wholesale liq1uor dealers. were ready to make a prop)osition to tire b)oard1 to hravo threm turn tIhe nrtire buisinerss over to them, guaranteeing to paty tire State $250,000) cash anniually anid give a bond of $500,000) for comply ing with tire law. This offer was not officially made to tire board1, anrd had it hbon it wvould nrot have boonf witiin tire power of tire board to consider it, such a propositioni boinrg a matt.nr for ire legislature alone TIKK 01CHME ROSS THU FRONTIER. The Turks Meet the Advance and a Dee. por"tO EDgageenCIA Is Now on Two Countries at War. Athens, Greece, April 10.-Dis patches received bore today from Larissa give the details of an inva sion of Macedonia by a force of ir regular Grook troops. Three thous. and men, it is announced, crossed tho frontier on Wednesday, the day after the celebration of the anniver Bary of the declaration of Greek in dopendenco in 1812. Tuesday, the day of the celebration, was looked upon as likely to be the day the Grooks would select for opening hos tilities, but Tuosday in Greece is considored an unlucky day upon which to embark upon any undor taking of importance, and so the crossing of the frontier was post ponod until Wodnesday. Tho Grook expedition force is commandedI by ox-officors and ox non-commissioned officers of the regular army of Greece, and they include the band of Italian volun toors commanded by Colonel Cipri. ani. Toh sc-called insurgents are well armed and have been equipped at tho oxpense of the Ethniko Hotairia, the famous and powerful Greek so cret society, which is the root and branch of the prosent crisis, practi cally controlling the country. The niemhors of the expedition all wear the ladge of the Ethnike Hotairia and wore 1. iven an onthusiastic sond off' by the Thossalains and Greek troop.q. The lattor, it is almost un necessary to add, mado no attempt to provent, the doparture of the expo dition, and, thereforo, it cannot be claimod that tho movement was un known to Grook authorities. Two Grook Ilags woro solonmly ontrusted to the chargo of the insurgents and good arrangements mado for for. warding food and other supplies to the expeditionary forso. The news of the invasion has caused the most intoiso excitement. A dispatch from Arta, dated at 11 o'clock last night., announces that Admiral Kroisen has assumed com mand of the Grook squadron in the Gulf of Ambracia, hoisting his flag on board tile ironclad Spezia. He has hiad an important conference with Admiral Manes. EDHEM PAH11A's ORDBRED TO cRoss TRE I (ONTIER OF OREEcE wITH JIls FoRcEs. ElaIsson0a, Macedonia, April 10. Edhomt Pasha, chief of tile Turkish army, has issued ordlers from Con st.antinople to cross the frontier of Greece with his forces, should it be piroved that that the Greek regular troops are among the invaders. The Turkish troops continue ad vancing against the invaders, who wvill shortly find themselves between t,wo fires. The telographl line between here and1 Janin, the headquarters of the Turkish army staltioned( thereto meet possible advances of Greeks from Arta has been cut, but the service conitinues via Monastir. Th~le Greok irregulars crossed tile frontier ini the night time aInd sur prised1 and burned four turkish out post stations. Tihoe Turkish troops are advancing towvard the point of attack from Dis kitia, Isapalo and1 Motzovo. The villagers 01 Isapalo say they have hoard the firing of guns and suppose thait the Tuiriw are engaged I withI the Greoks. Edhom Pasha again wired to Con stant.inoplo for instructions. It ap pears thait Edhomn a few days ago warned the Turkish autniorities that insurgent b)and1s wouldl probably at temp,t to cross the frontier and that hostilities could not stop) them here, but it is believed here that a large body could not have advanced into Turkish territory without the knowl. odlge of the Greek government. To0 TAKE THlE OFFENsIvE. London, A pril 10.--A dispatch to the Times from Elassono says that at 10 o'clock last night a Turkish council of war was in session sad it was considled p)robable that the Turks would immediately take the offonsive. BRItTIH cHANNEl, SQUAIDRON. Barcelona, April 1I0.-Thie British channel squadlron has been oruered to the island of Malta. It will re main thoero ats long as the eastern crisis lasts.