Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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It l ESTABLISHED 1865. NEWBERRY, S. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 81, 1889. PRICEP $1.50 A YEARI THE TAXATION OF PROPEitY. THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA sYSTEM. Comptroller General Verner Points Out the Inherent Weakiness of the Law, and Sugggests a Way in which Better Results May be Obtained. - To the editor of the News and Courier: The recent discussion by the newspa pers of a circular issued from the Comp troller's oflice, on the subject of tax re turns, the article from the Columbia Bureau of the News and Courier, and your editorial on the same subject, have brought prominently before the public the subject of our present system of tax ation. It is universally conceded that a large part of the present property of the State escapes taxation, that much of that returned is at an under valuation, while the real estate is returned and assessed at a rate far below its market value. The difficulties in our, or the ad valo rem, system of taxation are three-fold; first, that of securing returns of all tax able property at fair valuations; second, of equalizing the assessments of pro perty between individuals of the same county, and third, that of equalizing between the different counties of the State, so that the burdens of taxation shall not only be equal between indi viduals, but between counties. The tax returns reveal many curious facts. In many instances these show that the greater the amount of property owned and returned by the person re quired by law to list his property for taxation, the smaller the valuations placed upon the items of property which make up the return, while the comparatively poor taxpayer returns his property for taxation at a high val uation, thus making the burdens of taxation unequal and consequently un just. This is not only between indi viduals, but the different values,placed upon property of the same kind and character in the counties, make the counties bear burdens which are un equal. To illustrate: A owns ten head of horses, which he returns for taxation at a valuation of fifty dollars each; ten of his neighbors own ten horses whose market value is not greater than those owned by A, yet they return them for ac- thus paying on the same property twice as much taxes as A. Further, the County of A returns its property which is of equal value to that of B, for less than the returns of B, and thus imposes on B taxafion which it escapes by under valuation. The much-agitated question is how shall these difficulties be remedied, fair returns secured and equal valuations be made of property, so that the burden of taxation may be equal and just. Experience shows that, under the ad valoremn system of taxation, it is al most impossible to secure just, fair and equitable returns. The different idea of values entertained by individuals owning property and assessors of va rious counties, the deliberate efforts of some to escape taxation, the large amount of local taxes to be raised in some counties which do not affect others, and the consequent intent of the counties to keep down assessments, are obstacles which in the praetical opera tion of our tax laws it is diflicult to sur mount.. In many States these difficul ties in the way of the enforcement of tax laws have grown so great that the ad valorem system has been abandoned. The system of taxation which- will refriove these obstacles as far as possi ble is that to be desired. This can be done by changing the system, and tak ing the good features of both the ad valorem and license system and coin bining them. To do this it would, perhaps, be ne cessary to change the present Constitu tion. If the county and municipal governments could be supported by a tax upon real estate and the ordinary personal property exclusively, and have Shate royalty, railroad prop the ~king institutions, excpress, tel Ever'd telephone companies, liquor Pmining mnteresis and other '' Trations for State taxation, -t f culty or equalization between tes would at once be removed, and uld become the interest of each -Jividual of the same county or mu ,ipality to have a fair return of p)rop 7!-tty made. If the county governments ere made dependent entirely on a tax Sbe raised upon the real and persoual 4 ropert-; of that county, and this prop I rt exempt frota State taxation, then 19ie difficulty of equalization between 05nties wouild be removed, and it i then beevi??e the interest of the Aidual taxpayer of that county to P 'at every species of property was e~d with fair valuations. 1b.county could be divided into a 'number of assessment districts S he assessors so appointed that bvul ave an accurate knowl 9 of the amount and value of the .6perty of each district. The county ,.6iernments being dependent for their /support upon the real and personal property of each county, and that prop. erty ex mipt from State tax, 'the State tax could be raised from that species 01 property which could be readily equal. ized in value by a State board of equal Ization, for instance railroads, bankin~ institutions. nmining interests, manu facturing companies, telegraph, tele phone companies, liquor saloons, in surance companies, &c. That property whose value is easily ascertained could be taxed ad valoreml, while other busi ness wvhose profits are unusual on ae count of the peculiarity of the businesi could be taxed by ajudicious system oj lioenses. Tthe amount of revenue t support the State Government can be thus easily raised without imposing on those institutions a greater rate of. taxation than that which they now pay. The appropriations to support the State Government, for the fiscal year 1888 and 1889, amount in the aggregate to $914.16.5 40. This amount can be readily raised as follows: Phosphate royalty............$200,000 00 Liquor licenses.................. 136,800 00 3a:kimg capital, on an as sessment of $7,273,000, at 12 mills, present rate of taxation........................ 99,912 00 Manufacturing companies on assessment of $25,000, 000, at same rate.............. 312,000 00 Railroads on assezj'ment of $17,000,000......................212,500 00 Fees from Secretary of St:te's and Comptroller's nree .............................. 9,000 00 The telegraph, telephone and exprees companies... 1,588 00 Total.............................. $963,300 00 Appropriations, '88 and '89 914,16.5 00 D)itlerence...................... $48,135 00 The average rate of taxation paid by these institutions on their assessment3 throughout the State for all purposes, school, county and State, is 121 mills on the dollar. This I have used in my estimate. The exemption of this species of property from county taxation will not increase the county taxes, or make the burdens of taxation on the ordinary personal property and real estate greater than now. Under this system the State taxes could be paid directly into the State treasury, upon assess ments made to the Comptroller general and equalized by a State board of equalization. The county taxes could be collected by a county treasurer, who would be both auditor and treasurer, and the present expensive system of collecting taxes be abolished. There is a necessity for some legisla tion on this subject, and I write the suggestion contained in this paper to agitate the question of. taxation, and secure, if possible, a more equitable system than that now of force. Yours truly, J. S. Verner. Columbia, January 16, 1889. THE MARRIAGE OF NEAR KIN. Nothing Apparently to Justify the Common Prejudice Against It. [Scientific American.] There is a widespread idea that con sanguineous unions produce either jde fective offspring or none at all. When a marriage between cousins is spoken of sterility or a deaf mute, idiotic or de formed progeny is predicted, and ex amples are always at hand to cite in support of the prophecy. Does this opinion rest upon positive and well authenticated facts, or is it erroneous? This is a question that was examined a few years ago by Mr. G. H. Darwin, who, after a profound study of the sub. ject, came to the conclusion that in the present state of science there is noth ing to justify the 'common prejudice that exists against the marriage of near kin. More recently the subject has been further examined by Mr. A. H. Ruth, who has just published an ex haustive work upon it, in which he ar rives at the same conclusion that Mr. Darwin did. Mr. Huth thinks that consanguinity of itself plays no par ticular role in the union of individuals of the same stock. In the descendants it increases the tendencies common to the two progenitors. By reason of their relationship, the closer this is and the closer relationship of the ancestors the greater is the tendency of the des cendants to exhibit the same disposi tions. If these are good, consanguine ous unions will he advantageous, in that they will fortify and intensify them. If, on the contrary, they are bad, such unions should be avoided, in order to prevent a reinforcement of unfavorable tendencies, &yhich should be suppressed. But the case is identi cal where it is a question of unrelated persons. No reasonable person would urge two neuropathic individuals of different family to unite, because he knows that the neurosis has every chance to become intense in the de scendants. On the contrary, a union between consanguineous individuals, equally healthy and well favored, ought to be encouraged. What may be urged against marriages of near kin is the faculty with which unfavorable tendencies are transmitted, and the relative rarity of the circumstances in which such marriages can really be ad vised. But, this admitted and explain ed, consanguinity of itself presents no inconvenience, especially if we consider how remote, by reason of the existing laws upon marriage, is the degree of consanguinity between individuals capable of uniting legitimatdly. U pon the whole, consanguinity accu mulates and intensifies tendencies. If ~these are bad the marriages of near kin should be avoided; if good, it may be favored. But, as unfortunately the un favorable tendencies are more easily and frequently transmitted, because they are the ones that are established with the most facility, there is oftener more reason for avoiding than seeking such unions. Upon the whole, Mr. Ruth concludes that the accusations directed against marriages of near kin are not justified iln the present state of selene. A Pleasant Compromise.. EBurlington Haweye.] A Cineinnati young lady possessed of a beautiful head of hair, bet it on Clevelands&s re-election. The gentle man with whom she mnade the wager compromised by taking the lady along wirh her hair. FORTUNES QUICKLY GO. he wi How Now York Swells 3anage to Spend sl Their Money---Youngsters Who Can Spend 81.000 in a Morning. [Blakely Hail in New York 'iail and 1F Express.] h The amount of money which young P men spend in New York so:oetines ' without creating a ripple of t,,-lk is as- ch tonishing. I never get accustomed to a' it. I don't believe that any man whoo works for his living can. There are r literally thousands of youngsters float- st ing about town to whoai one is a' commodity of no more importance than mud. In Delmofnico's, for instance, yesterday I met a smooth-faced, rud(y- t checked and big-eyed boy of 1.-who looked four years his own junlor-sit-a ting at a ta:le drinking absinthe and w smoking cigarettes. He was dressed in to the prevailing mode. His father is one c of the many millionaices of the town, and the boy had just got back from a shooting trip in Virginia. "Didn't kill a bird," he said petulant- s ly. "Whole trip a dead failure. Took two dogs with me, and one was run over by a train and the other fell ill i from eating poisoned weeds. Probably die. The brace of pups cost me twelve hundred dollars in England last year. of Then I came 'iack to town." yo "What are you going to do next?" tri I asked. th "Nothing," said they ;th, gloomily. do "Simply waiting here until i get a kr check from the gov'nor. Puiled his av leg this nor ing, but it is all gone." hli He took a small check book. out of im his pocket and turned the leave3 rerniu- h, iscently. Then he leaned over and an showed me four cheeks which he had sh drawn during the morning. They in were as follows: cr: Tilany-Sapphire ring............ Gu0 ;i in Jones-Gloves for election bets.. 143 0 Tandem harness................... 250 00 lh: Luncheon............................... 2 00 ic Total............................... $1,000 G0 Y "What do you think of that?" he w< asked pitifully. "Only had 82 to buy en food with when I got through my ,o morning's work. I got a thousand from ll the governor, and if I hidn't calculated tl things with the utmost nicety, I'd stc have had to have gone without a two dollar luncheon." nl There was nothing grotesque to him in about the checks, and he could not understand the amusing features of the g check-book list as viewed from a busi- th nessman's standpoint. Nine hundred ui and ninety-eight dollars for barness,W sapphire :ing and ladies' gloves is a co sort of thing that wouid make an ordi- wl nary househclder starL. Pi Refore he left the restaurant a nes- " 1 senger boy came in and thrust an en velope in his hands. The millionaire's " son took out the letter, read it with a to broad grin and then tossed it over toT me. A check for four figures was in closed, along with a slip of p;.per,-on which was written with a blue pencil P~ in a cramped6, paternal hand : at "You'll be dead before I am at the t. rate you're now living, thank G3od. P~ Take your mother a bucket of flower~s ~ and be home in t'mne for dinner:. Check 2 inclosed." a MONEY Sl'ENT !iY ST('DENT.S. Th sources of expenditure ofes~or mous incomes in New York are not of dlillicult to place to people who kr ow the s: town. .Directly opposite my windows there is a inautiful little house which was ertirely refitted and redecorated three months ago at an expense of not i far from i00,000. Its exterior is de- sii cidedly Euglish. The~ painting is grees, fa the door kinoba, blind hingcs, and so tla on, are all of polished brass. It looks hi not unlike any one of ten thiousanid h< houses in the fashionable quarter of v< London. It is so difi'erent, however, v< from the high-stooped brown-stone ce houses of New York as to achieve no- Ii tability in that particular section. of About two weeks after it was finished ot I wenlt there to dine. There were six hn men p)resent. The interior was superb. p: Trhe dining-:oomn table u asin ihe shape of of a huge ov:d, with a dro;p lig-ht about ar four feet ini diameter aund exactly sim- st ilar in form to the table, susi>endeed from the ceiling. It was very low nt down near the table, and the shades, bi which were of crimson hangings, were br lower still. A mtellow flood of light was er cast over the enttire table, but it did fe not reach the level of the diners' shoul ders, so that the faces were saved fronm be the glare of the light. Four lamps ul stood on magnificent pedestals in each tI: corner of the room, difiusing a mild 10 light through tIle apartmlent. Thie fr. table was banked in flowers immiedi ately under the light, and around the re emnbankmlent there were two little st silver railroad tracks about three in- sr ches wide. On these tracks were small te silver trucks, the precise fac-simuiles of ci those seen on big railroads, and each a' truck bore a decanter. The table was qi waited on by a portly Englishman, ni whose wife acted as cook. After the tI man had withdrawn tIle guests lit their cigars and passed the cordials and lil- ec uors around the table by means of the m silver trucks. This is only a detail of s; the wonderful completeness of the m house. At every point there were t< clever and ingenious contrivances for le comfort. Our host was a man of 23 who had just got back from IIarvard le and who fauicied he would like to have A a bachelor home, where he could get nI away from the family occasionally and i entertain his5 friends. I met him theb other day just as we both turned the it corner of the street. He asked me if1 his house was still there-.r "it was there this morning," I f said-.t 'I havexst been in it for twc months, o said, 'but I have been inundated th bills from the butler. We'll go in d see how things are getting along.' The visit was wholly unexpected, t when the owner - of the house ened the door with the latch key discovered the butler sitting in his ntry attired in full evening dress, d everything in the house was pre ely as though its owner had left it l:our before. There was not a speck dust anywhere in the place. The rnas were fully aired, the larder wel >eked. and everything in such ad irable rediness that we sat down (1 took a bite of luncheon on the at. The talk turned altogether on c escapade -f the y'. ung son of a Cal rnia niilionairie who had just run ay to Europe after marrying a )wnan whose reputation was "dusty," say the least. The papers were full the story. "Ife was a surly sort of a beggar !en lie was at Harvard, and 1 am id he has thrown himself away," id the owner of the house concisely. t was the estimate of the son of enty millions by the son of ten mil ns. ONE OI THE COSTLY GIFTS. Let mcie give you one more instance t how money goes when a typical 1 ung New Yorker is directing the dis- t bution. It was shortly before 10 is morning, while I was on my way wn town, that I saw a man whom I ew standing on the curb at Fifth cnue and Thirtvsixth street, with hands in his pockets, a cigar in his >uthh and his hat tilted forward, He d a heavily lined and dissipated face, r d he was unquestionably a little aky from rising so early in the morn . H nodded his head toward a ;ieha:n down the street, and stopped Swith a motion of hand. "I've a little present for the Duchess re. See if you think it will please r." T'he Duchess, as everybody in New s rk knows, is the particular young c man on the New York stage who a joys the friendship of the millonaire's < u. A clatter of hoofs and then the c st perfectly appointed brougham l at I have ever seen drove up and < )pped in the middle of the street. t "It all goes to her," said the young < illionaire shortly, "horses and man 1 eluded." The brougham had a body of dark en, with claret-colored wheels, and e whole interior was beautifully >holstered in pink silk. The windows re beveled glass set in silver, and the achman's livery was bottle green, tli silver buttons, corduroys and pe-clay boots, but the wonder of it is all was the team of sorrel horses. icy were less than fifteen hands high, Ith arched necks, small heads, banged ils and legs as delicate as fawns. iey wvere built like race horses. iey were as perfectly matched as two as. Their hoofs were blackened and lhished till they shone like mirrors, (d the Ilakes of foam that fell from eir lips whitened their forelegs in aces like snrow. They reminded me or'e of a beautiful pair of fox terriers an horses. The man on the box was 'out half the size of an ordinary man, d ini thorough consonance with the Sof the outfit. "Rtathier ai decent presenit," said the hiner, motioning the driver away and ?rtinmg towvard hris club. A Groing Evnl. Trhe public is alive to the evil of ciga- 1 tte smoking. In Phadelphia, a ort while ago, there w~as much un-I vorable comment on the fact that e president of the faculty of a boys' gh school in that city, where 700 yvs were being educated, was an in-i terate cigarette smoker. It was 'ry properly held that his example uld have no other than a bad efleet.i New York, seventy-five membersi the cotton exchange united the her day in condemning the cigarettei thit. In Nashville some time ago, a1 per wvas read before a body composed the leading physicians of the city, id its condemnation of the evil wvas rongly indorsed. The evils of cigarette smoking are >t over-estimaflted. '1 hey can hardly , when it is remembered that young yvs, upon whomi the future of the untry depends, are the greatest suf rcers. The injurious effec*ts are felt upon the >dy andl the inid, and frequently ion the morals. Hardly a day passes at the newspapers do not record-the ss of mind or the death of somne boy r>m excessive indulgence in cigarettes. Thlere are several reasons why eiga tte smoking is more hurtful than nroking in any other form. Mfore uoke is inhaled, anid more nicotine is ken into the system; the smoker of garettes is more likely to become an ject slave to tobacco; opium is fre iently mixed with tobacco, and arse e is often used in the preparation of ie paper covering. MIere children who would hardly be >mne addicted to the smoking of cigars, ay be seen, in this and other cities, noking eigarettes. They don't pay uch attention to the quality of the 'bacco; in fact, generally they use the west grades. Numerous calls are being made for gislation against the cigarette evil. bill was introduced in Congress some lonthis ago, looking to its suppression the District of Columbia, and the ast physicianms in Washington favored s passage. One wy to abate the evil is for pa nts to keep themselves better in *rmed( concerning their children, and correct their evil habits. Negligence i their part is little less thnn a crime. WAS IT ALL A DREAM? 0 e he Peculiar Story Told by Dr. W. H. Rey nolds. [From the Manning Times.] 1 Our readers remember a short notice n the Times, some weeks ago, where he sudden and unaccountabie disap- h earance of Dr. W. H. Reynolds was k toted; and a week or two later another toice that Dr. Reynolds had returned. Ye were una,le until last Saturday to et a correct account of the affair, and .s Dr. Reynolds is widely known hroughout the county, we publih it o that his friends may have a correct 'ersion of the affair. Dr. Reynolds for several wccks had een drinking very hard, until itfinally .fi eted his brain. On Saturday nigh t, )ecember 15, while laboring under this aentalaberration, he left his home, riot onsciouy of what he was doing. He :as no recollection of when he left ., toie, or how or when he got to a rail- u oad station, nor could any of his farni- w y, by the most diligent search. find a ut where he had taken the train. All d his is yet wrapped in mystery. He has o recollection of how much money he h ad with him when he left, but it is Er hought he had about seventy-five or a iundred dollars. When first he came o himself he was in the city of Nash iile, Tenn. From this place he wrote c letter to his family, which was duly a eceived. He here became acquainted V vith some gentleman, influential in a ei arge Northwestern railroad syndicate, al rho kindly presented him a free pass tl ver most of the Northwestern rail- a oads. When he left Nashville he does ti tot remember, but in this same state of t< aind visited Cincinnati, St. Paul, St. N .ouis and other Western cities. o IS INJURED IN CINCINNATI. n At Cincinnati he got a severe fall S rhich resulted .in concussion of the f< pine. He thinks there was a heavy rt leet at the time, and that in getting f. ft the train he slipped, and fell on a C tone. At St. Louis he was enabled ti uce again to regain his normal state W f mind, probably owing to the ,evere a >ain he was suffering; or probably be- d ause nature would no longer submit I o such a terrible ordeal. He bad ifre- F uently, in his wild career, written to I] is family, the letters being duly re- tl eived and answered, but the answers ti ever reached him, as he did not wait tl or a reply: At St. Louis he met kind t< riends among strangers, who took him P n charge, furnished him with money, >ut him on a Pullman palace car, and iI tarted him homeward, where he safely rrived about two weeks ago, having I een absent about three weeks. His " amily and friends were delighted to 0 velcome him again, and Dr. Reynolds g imself was probably the most rejoiced a >f all to be again safely restored to his t] oved ones after so perilous and re- ti narkable a trip. His suffering is se- 'D rere, but it is hoped he will soon be 2 veIl again, coming and going among 1 is. b2 CO FAMILY OR FINANC: AL TROUBLE. A fter his sudden leaving the wildest 11d( vaguest rumors were repeated for hcts, and it would take the entire six age edition of the Times to hold the 2alf of them. Sufficeth for it to be said, Lad on the best of authority, that ex ~essive~ drinking was the sole cause of I 11s going. Any rumors as to financial mnbarassment, or as to unpleasant so dal aud family troubles, are denied by: hose who know best. Dr. Reynolds, uis wife and children form, we are re iably told, a most loving and affection Lte family, with not the shadow of a keleton lurking in any secret closet. Do such temporary mental aberra ionS occur often ? Yes. WVhiskey is the ~reatest curse on the face of the globe, r wnd is the fountain head of three- ( ourths of all sin. ruin, mIisery, damna- 1 ion. A few monthbs ago we met in a baurens a gentleman who had just re urned from California. He related to e us his experience, which was so sim- 1 lar to'Dr. Reynold's athat they al- E nost coincide. He had been drinking LIong time, left suddenly, and came toi uimself as he was crossing the Mississ- t ppi River, at St. Louis. With such yases whiskey generally has little effect ~m the muscular or nervous system,t ut affects the brain. Such men may e, to use an uncouth expression, fool irunk, even crazy drunk, and yet walk perfectly straight, without the slighest swagger. *Unless one is well acquaint- ( 3d with such a pemron it is difficult to bell when he is drunk. Dr. Reynolds is thus constituted. ( CALHIOUN'S PREDICTION. Where Atlanta Stands Declared, in 1838. to be the site efta Great Inland City. ( [From the Columbia Register.] Prof. Pope, of the University, relates a very interesting incident in connec tion with John C. Calhoun's unerring foresight. Some two years ago Mr. Pope paid a visit to Thonmasville, Ga., and on his way thither made the acquaintance of one of those fine specimens of Georgia manhood and thrift, an old-time Mid dIe Georgia planter, who had been a man of wealth in his day, and who, bappily, yet enjoyed comfort in his old days. This hearty old Southron claimed to be able to tell a South Carolinian at a glance, and he did not err in approach ing Mr. Pope, from whom he anxiously inquired how they "were getting on in South Carolina," expressing at the same time his earnest sympathy with our people as well as the utmost confi rience that they would "come out on top, where they had always been i the history of the South."' The fine Id Georgia gentleman said he had th: rer felt the profoundest admiration est ad love for our people, though born po ad raised in his own wide Georgia. up [e went on talking about South Caro- stc na and her :people, and said among 0' ther things: "I knew John C. Cal- br< oun, sir, and I knew him well, and pe e was by far the greatest man I ever a c new, though I have known in my day th< iost of the great men of the country." ba "The way I first made his acquain- th ine: was this: In those days, sonie 'here al>ut the roads were very tJi ai in winter, and as I ',wned aplant- ou ig irt':rest in Alabamna, it was my we abit tio ride fron my Ge:rorgia home to th< )y Alabarn:a plantaionz on horseback. ioe here usi to be an inn near the Ala- he aia-:;eor;gia line where nearly all -aveller., stop>ed in ging to Alaaa. ,t this inn I put up one winter after >n on my way to my Alabam%2a place. et long after, as I was seated by a 'i ,rmfortal,i' :ire, I saw a carriage drive r p with a family, and out '>f it, along n 'ith the rest of travellers stepped out tall, corn mnan dingr person, who walked irectly to the sitting room where I as seated, and who, after warming irmself, began to talk to me in a very IIe iendly way. He at once recognized Le as a Georgian, and began to ask me r >me close questions about my State, c hich I answered as correctly as I ac' >uld. He then began himself to talk out Georgia and the South generally, hich soon showed me he was no >mmon man, as be told me more out Georgia than I had ever known, iough I had lived there all my life. ad thought myself well informed on te aff'airs of my own State. He then' >ld me who he was, and that he. tool to as on his way to Alabama, anl went a to talk about Georgia and her com anding relation to the South and t r cuth west; and when he had spoken r some time with earnestness and. imch force upon the subject, he rose om his seat and approached a map of to eorgia, hanging on the wall, and put- cia ug his finger directly on the spot on 'here now stands Atlanta, he said, in art short sententious way: 'There some ty will be built a great inland city.n asked him his reasons for the opinion. th le said without hesitation: 'The old adian trail centred about there, and ne 1e sagacity of those men of the forest Lught them with unerring accuracy ~mi e right paths for traffic. Hence I lar ike it that somewhere about where I lace my finger the growth of the hu outhern States will call for a great v3 iland centre of trade.' "a or The Georgian then said: "Last year wi visited Atlanta, for sure enough, just wi 'here John C. Calhoun had pointed th< at forty years before, the city had lo, rown up. As I beheld the fine city, C0 ad caught on my ear the whistle of lat ae constantly arriving trains, I tk 2ought of the marvellous man who, in 1y belief, had seen this city in his rondrous forecast just as I saw it there g efore my eyes, and as it is growing to or e from day to day a great and com-ia landing trade centre of the very region 2 s he had foretold it would be, and hat at a time when the place was a I: -ilderness and that part of Georgia tu ras little better than an unknown back- to: rood." til This is indeed wonderful, and, whilst lei re do not pretend to give the exact hI mnguage of the intelligent old Geor- ad ian, we yet repeat the exact incidents en s they were related to us by Mr. Pope. ha blI TRYING TO TRY O'BRIEN. se -- th SRoyal Old Tirne in the Town of Carrick- th On-Suir* pr DrBLIN, January 24.-The trial of cI: Vmn. O'Brien, on the charge of conspi- th acy, began to-day at Carrick-on-Suir, ~ounty Tipperary. The (Government yc ad issued a proclamation forbidding m ny demonstration welcoming O'Brien, fa ut despite this 20,000 persons gath- de red around the Court House. Six po- re icemen charged the crowd, using their hI atons freely, but were unable to dis- m erse the gathering. The excitemen t m ni town is feverish. As O'Brien en- ed ered the Court House he. was seized by . police inspector and dregged for thirty ax -ards. The p)eople were maddened by te his treatment of O'Brien, and pressed ni 'o:ward to rescue him from the hands ge f the inspector. The police. however, Ii 'epulsed the crowd. Timothy Hecaly, d~ vho had stepped forward to aia o1 )'Blrien, was met by ai bayonet levelled ze et his breast, but h~e was not injured. inl i. number of reporters were malt reated. vi )'Brien complained to the magistrate 11< hat the police were attempiting to in. la ite a bloody riot. When the eases of James Lawrence Ct ~arew, M. P. for North Kildare, and ~ )ennis Kilbride, M. P. for South Kerry, ei rho are ebarged with offences under s' he Crimes Act, were called in Court at " Kildard to-day, the accused failed to i muswer. Warrants for their arrest ti vere issued. V A dozen persons were injured by the b bharge of the police. When the case 'or the Crown had been presented ' Realy, on behalf of the defendants, ap- C pliedI for subponas for Lord Salisbury f s.nd Balfour, both of whom, he assert- a ad, had made speeches similar to those t f O'Brien. The Court refused to issue a the desired subponas. The spectators P in the Court room received this deci- t' sion with murmurs and the miagis- ~ trates ordered the galleries to be ~ eleared. While this was being done ~ O'Brien exelaimed: "I'll clear out also," and started for the door. The ~ magistrates shouted, "Stop him !"' and r a constable grabbed O'Brien. A fter a sharp struggle, wit h the aid of somec of the spectators, O'Brien managed to reach the street with no worse damagej in a torn coat. An immense crowd orted O'Brien through town. The lice used their batons wihout mercy on the people, who responded with nes and sticks. During the melee Brien was struck violently in the ?ast with a rifle stock. Scores of - )ple were injured. The Court issued varrant for the arrest of O'Brien and n adjourned. The police, with fixed onets, are patrolling the streets of town. ['wenty persons received bayonet, -usts and some of theni were danger-; ly wounded. At least forty others I re more or less seriously injured by batons of the police. O'Brien's ation is not known. It is thought will not appear in Court to-morrow. PEiTEt:KIN ON PHOSPHATES. -- - t A Timely Talk to Farmers. Jne of the chief.causes of the impev dhil conditiou of the farmers is the :vf t'oo much commercial fertilizer di the iiju'Jicious.application of the I r . For twenty years we have ught any and every thing that has cu oftered for sale. All that has been x-ssary was to put something in a *k or barrel and brand some unusual peculiar name on it. I do not ac ee the manufacturers of fraud, but do :use my brother farmers of being the ;gest set-of fools in all the land, and writer the king of fools, or the big "t fooi of all. or several years I bought ammo ted fertilizers at high prices, and alied in connection with cotton seed al, or cotton seed in the natural te. After spending thousands of Jars in this foolish way. I dropped amnioniated goods to a great ex and bought acid phosphate and ulated rock, and mixed it half acid acidulated rock and half cotton seed al. Three or four years ago I con ded I had enough sulphurie acid I phosphate in my land, and began put in less phosphate and commer 1 fertilizers, and brought it down to hundred pounds with whatever ount of ineal I used per acre. I am w satisfied that where lands have n continuously planted in cotton, Lt it is unnecessary to apply com rcial fertilizers of any kind; the land ds rest from them for at least one .r. If you buy at all, only buy to x with meal, where you plant on ds that were grown in something sides cotton, and put not over one ndred pounds to the acre. There are rious reasons for this. By usinglittle no commercial fertilizer the plant I1 stat off in the spring a little slow, 11 have less fruit in July and stand a July and August drouth. Take the ver and middle cotton belts of the ton States and we want to make a e or August crop. We need but lit if any commercial fertilizer. The per or clay belts need a little to get a ly and August crop, will say one und of commercial to three of meal its equivalent of seed. The clay ids do not require any kainit or pot l'his is not all theory. I know what mII talking about. I know it from ac al practice. If the farmers of the cot a country who buy commercial fer izers will adel,t this plan, say use at Lst .one-third of the amount they .ve been in the habit of using, it will d many millions to their purses, and able them to pay for fertilizers they .e foolishly thrown away. Don't ime the men who manufacture or 1l the fertilizers. We have encouraged em; and the demand is now so great at we can't be supplied, except at a ice beyond their reach. The high ice will continue. It is impossible to eck it in any way, except by giving e land rest for say oneyear. If you make the experiment one year u will continue it, and prices will for any years be in due bonds. Our man aturers do not claim that the home mand has increased so much, but fo ign demand. Just let the foreigners Lye it all this year, we will save many illions. We will have as much or ore cotton, and pay up back indebt ness. Let the agricultural clubs, the Alli ces, and Granges consider this mat r. If there are no societies in your ighborhood, call the neighbors to t her and calmly consider the matter. you cannot do this let every farmer cide for himself, and say I will for ie year let my land rest from fertili rs. It will not look so bright for us May and June, but October and No mber will show you where the mnil >ns5 have been foolishly spent for the st t wenmv vers I have been told of late that farmers mId not buy it; that his only chuce as to get it through his or some one se's merchant. This mnay be true to me extent. Of course money enough ill buy it, but we don't needl it, That the subject for us to eousider, and let iem that have it keep it, Spin out ur cot ton seed from tifteen to t wenty ashels to the aere. Mix the stable ma uire tine and spread it with the band. [ake it go over a large area instead of Lrelessly throwing it down in pikes um a pitchfork. Too many fertilizers re dangerous. They have nev-er done we great amount of good we have im ;ined. Good and proper cultivation sys better than large quantities of fer lizers. There is such a thingt as to iuch ammhxonia, and we oftener put too mech than not enough. The phosphate uid kainit, or potash salt, are there to :ay. Our land needs rest from comn ieial fertilizers as much as it do(s >tatio)n. I am almost tempted to say 'vo itak myrv advice in this matter ndprvswrong,appoint a day next dii and hang me. JAMES A. PETERtKIN. ALL EAGER TO BE JOURNALISTS. fewspaper Offices Flooded with Applica tions from Amateurs-Few Draw Prizes. "I think every young man and young roman in this town wants to go into ournaliSm." The speaker was one of the best cnown managing editois in New York ity, and he passed his hand over his roubled brow as he spoke. "I get about forty applications per lay from men and women who want o become journalists, and the propri" or of this paper gets twice as many nore. A young man whom I know to e making $100 per week in the dry oods business came to me this morn ng 'and offered to work for $23 per veek as a reporter. It makes me a rifle weary. If these young men and tiomen knew hew many blanks there Lre in this lottery and how few prizes trawn they would quit." This managing editor was in a bad umor, but he was all right as to facts. ['here isn't a newspaper office in town hat isn't flooded with applications for cork. The prizes in New York jour ialism are few. You are reasonably ure of drawing a blank pretty nearly very time. There are more than 1,000 iard working newspaper men in New fork City. Outside of their own offi. tes and the New York Press Club not wo dozen of them are known to the ;eneral public. Those who are well known outside of New York could al nost be counted upon the fingers of a ingle hand. The men who have drawn prizes Annot themselves tell you how they id it. All they know is that they started at the bottom and got therie iomebow. This is not intended to encourage printers' devils to throw type around, ut as an ilustration. Charles A. Dana is, perhaps, the most famous of the men who have irawn prizes. As editor of the Sun he Iraws a salary of $25,000 per year, and [rom other sources his incomeis swelled o about $150,000 per year, upon which e manages to live very comfortably, tided by a French cook, whose income s bigger than that of a Congressman. Dana started on the New York Tribune itaalary of $12 per ~ week. He started in a small way from a town in :he interior of Ohio. Joseph Pulitzer, if the World, is said to clear $2,000 per lay. He is not a working journalid sow, but not many years ago -be?:sw m ordinary reporter in St. Louis, and :hey say he was a hustler too. White aw Reid, as a matter of form, draws a alary of some $15,000 per year from the rribune, but his income from his stock n the paper is several times this .mount. Jchn A. Cockerill is one of lhe working managing editors and - 1ewspaper men, and draws a salary of $15,000 per year from the World, and bas an interest in it besides. Cockerill w'as atypo and fought his way up rom the ranks. Amos Cummings is said to* biave an income of $15,000 per 'yek He was a compositor and a private in "" the Union army during the rebellion, m.d he, too, came from the bottom Lp to where he is now. Chester A. Lord, the managing editor of the Sun, has a salary of$7.500 per year. He started on a small paper in the interior of this State, and had to work hard for success. But he is little known outside of New - York. George F. Spinnsy, as man ing editor of the New York Times, ha a salary of about $7,000 per year. But he has been a hard-working journalist all his life, and the salary is not so much. He, too, is little known out side of New York. There are probably fifty or sixty men who are simply writers, like Blakely Hall and Julian Ralph, who earn any where from $3 to $1530 per week, but, with the exception of the men named, and four or five more, they are never heard or spoken of except in their own homes and circles. At the Fifth Avenue Hotel the other - night, Archie Gunter, the author of - - "Mr. Barnes of New York," was a lion. He was more courted than any one at the hotel, and most of the young men arouod him are ambitious to become journalists. If they knew of IGunter's strugles up to the time that he suc ceeded in getting "Mr. Bases of New York" before the public they would hesitate. If they could go into any newspaper offtke and see how long and how hard men work for small salaries, they would hesitate some more. And if they could go into somne other places and see somne of the wreeks that the tide of the years have east up on the shores of jeiiu"iam, they would go into seme other businia Frank Lane's Popular Xoathly ser Feb T"he number and names of the new States shortl.y to be admitted into the Unon' is the subject of every one's thughs, and Ausburn Towaer on I "O)ur WouldbeStates," in Frank Les- > lie's Popular Monthly for February, -. gives uts much valuable information -- ~: about Inkota, Montana, Idaho, Wyo ming, Watshington, Arizona and New Mexico. "The Prima Donna," by Suther:aind Edwards, is filled with anecdotes, and portraits are given of the most celedratee. James S. Whit manm contributes a valuabie ar~on -- "The Chillian Capital," and "A that are Vanishing" will be read with much interest. "A Decade in Corean? History" is a page of history of a ce try formerly but no longer, theH Nation. "Quinine and its Romanoe" and "How Electricity is Measured" afrord study for the lover of science. The stories of the number are excellent and the illustrations beautifuL.