E
ESTALISEI) N 1--.NEWBERRY, S. C., TH URSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1887. PRICE $1.50_A YEAR
THE VERDICT OF ACQUITTiAL.
Defects in the Criminal Procedure of
the State.
Judge J. H. Hudson in News and Courier.
- I.
Two years ago I wrote for the
News and Courier a series of articles
upon our Circuit Courts, the object
of which was to call atteutiuu to
some defects in the present system,
as well in the arrangement and orders
of the Courts and methods of con
ducting the business, as in the gen
eral administration of the law. I
attempted also to suggest the rem
edy, in part at least.
I withheld my name from these.
communications hoping thereby to
elicit a free and full discussion of
the subject through the press of the
State and, thus to call the attention
of our lawmakers to the importance
of needed reform in the administra
tion of the law by our Courts of j-s.
tice. I fear, however, that my views
made but little impression upon the
Bar, the Legislature or the people.
Since that time even:s have oc
curred in the State, shoeking crimes
with startling verdicts of acquittal,
which have riveted the atteition of
the people, called forth free and full
censure from an enlightened press,
and awakened a reeling of uneasi
ness and deep concern in the minds
of all lovers of law and order.
The discussion of this interesting
and vitally idportant subject by the
newspapers of the State, conducted
as it has. been in a calm and proper
spirit, and with due respect to our
Courts,- is to be commended rather
than condemned, because our people,
and our legislators as well, desire all
the information possible upon the
subject, and no.better medium exists
for conveying it'than the press.
I propose to contribute to the ex
aminationlof the methods of the trial
of criminals in our Courts as at
present conducted, and to disclose as
far as I can, the causes which lead to
the acquittal of so many accused of
high crimes, and especially the crime
of murder. I despair of being able
to unravel the mystery of all verdicts
of juries, and still more of being able
to suggest complete and adequate
remedy against erroneous results of
trials by jury in our criminal Courts,
but I hope to show that useful re
forms are available; and imperatively
needed for the protection of the la.
abiding portion of the people.
-Our criminal procedure in cases of
homicide begins with the inquest.
This is held by the coroner, or in his
absence or remoteness from the scene
of death. hv a trial justice.
All will al.:it that this inquiry
should be made w ith great care, pa
tience and diligence, and with due'
caution and circumspection. On the
contrary, however, as a general rule,
the investigation is conducted with
carelessness, haste and manifest im
gRingythe coroner and his jury.
The sole purpose seems to be to as
certain who did the deed; but the
vital inquiry as to the circumstances
attending its perpetration is ordi
narily considered of little importance.
This is left to be ascertained at the
trial. The jurors are hastily sum
moned; the farmer from his plough,
the laborer from his hoe, the mechan
ic from his work bench, the clerk
from his counter, and the loafer and
-idler from his seat on the dry-goods
box. They assemble in haste, view
the dead body, inquire who slew the
p erson, examine a few witnesses su
erficially, find that A came to his.
death from a gunshot wound in the
handls of B, the coroner issues his
warrant accordingly, and the Cour
of Inquest and curious crowd dis
perse, all impatient to return to their
respective places of occupation and
abode, and indulge in speculation as:
to the real facts, and the chances of'
the accused before a petit jury.
Whether the homicide is murder,
manslaughter or excusable in self-de
K fence, was neither inquired into nor at
tempted to be determined. It is left
ijto the solicitor 19> gather up from
'hefriends of the deceased, as best
he can, the real facts of the case for
he State-a labor either far too ar
duous for, or beneath the dignity of
'n inquest; the jury-'s labor, in their
opinion, being fully accomplished by
finding who did the deed.
In cases of secret and mysterious
homicides the investigation ordi
narily reaches tbe climax of haste.
carelessness and impatience, and
not infrequently results in the actual,
j though unintentional, obliteration of
all those little marks, traces, facts
and circumstances unavoidably left*
in the path of a murderer, and which,
if opportunely noted and prudently
followed up and unravelled, will dis-!
* cover the guilty one.
All duty is fulfilled under the
verdict that the "<deceased
:: 'o his death hv the haud of
i or persons to the jurors
ak uwi. if perchance a few pa
ent andli weighty cir:umstances
tointing to the guilt of a certain
rson are forced upon the attention
a the jury, so as to justify a verdict
g:i:st him, they hastily so find, and
,,u disperse, leaving uninvestigated
nany other facts then available,
ovhich, if fixed upon definitely and
ecurded would, with the other
eading facts, fix the proof of
he guilt of the accused.
But haste and imupatience prevent
hat full, thorough and satisfactory in
estigation so imperatively demanded
y ti.e exigency of the case and the
,a.use of justice, in this, the first step
the criminal procedure.
Of course, I am speaking of the
)revailing car: lessness which charac
erizcs the methodb of conducting cor
,ners' inquests. There are, now and
hen, notable exceptions to this rule,
l,en the coroner and his jury behave
a most praiseworthy manner, tak
Jg uli time, exercising patience and
lence, and leaving no available
tstuimony neglected. Such inquests
i ually bring forth good fruit, re
ulting in the detection and convic
iln of the guilty one. Instead of
Jeiug the exception to the rule, such
rquisitions should constitute the rule
nd perfunctory ones be the excep
,on.
The protection of society requires
nhe greatest care, diligence and effi
;iency in the disebarge of this duty
)y the coroner, because the proceed
ings of his Court generally fix the
snal result, or seriously affect it. The
5oiicitor, in nine out of every ten
ase of homidide tried in our Courts,
Icepends largely, if not entirely upon
:he testimony furnished him by the
oroner. He has no other source
irom which to draw, and no time
iidst his arduous labors to inquire
.isewhere. How important, essen
:ial in fact, is it that he should have
placed at his disposal all available
3vidence, and upon whom but the
croner can he depend ?
Unfortunately, outside the county
>f Charleston, the office is without
moument, the compensation or in
"ome being necessarily so small as
.o afford no inducement to a citizen
Lo accept it. So much so is this the
,ases that usually in nominations to
Alce, and at elections. the candidate
is the object of jokes and merriment,
and accepts the office merely "for the
fun of the thing" and to fill up the
iket. Under the circumstances
uliiency cannot be expected, and
through in efficiency at inquests the
acused scores his first chance for
Tal triumph over the law.
In the city and county of Charles
ton, the coroner, with the aid of ex
perts and detectives, does efficient
work, being further stimulated to
activity and zeal by the income of
bis oHice; but the ease is different
elsewhere in the State where there
ire no detectives, and the coroner,
<y reason of comparatively few in
yeust.s, does not at all depend upon
is offlee for income, and is content
with hasty and inefficient work.
The attorney for the accused has
:rdiarily little to fear from the tes
imony furnished at the inquest, and
he Judge upon the bench, presiding
at trials for murder, cannot but be
painfully impressed with the injury
sufferedl by the State from a want of
a thorough investigation of the facts
oif the case at the inquest over the
read. body, where the event is recent
and the impressins fresh upon the
minds of all witnesses. By prompt
ness, care and thorougi ness in get.
tiug all the facts on the spot, and
sifting the testimony of witnesses
then and there, the coroner can fore
stall the subseqent efforts of the de
fence to vary and pervert the evi
dence.
[ u:ust not be understood as at
tempting to lay upon the shoulders
of our coroners the blame of the ac.
quittal of murderer;. It would be
unjust and untruthful to east the
cnsure upon them, even in a gtreat
part., because other shoulders nust
bear the greater part of the b)lame.
and this I will strive to show as ]
progress in the examnination of om
criminal law and procedure. My
purpose so far hns been to show how
vitally important it is to be exceed
ingy careful and painstaking in the
ing'isition by coroners, and hon
ertessncss in this, the first step ir
the prosecution, often contributes t<
he escape of the guilty.
In zmy next number I will discuss
the subject of arrest and bail, and
perhaps, begin with the trial and its
incider.ts.
The Rio Grande is overfiowi-ng 10
banks and iniundating a large portion
f conntry.
THE: "GR AN) OLD MAN."
Gadstoue's Homc Life at Iawarcler
Castle. Sone Facts About this
Man of Books, of Polities
and Oratory.
Jiaw:rden castle (pronounced lIar
den) is just visible as you pass fron
rare old Chester to North Wale:
alongside i"thew sands o' Dee." It i"
of very moderate size,,many a coun
try house is twice as imposing, and
it is mainly modern. The old castlf
saw any amount of savage fighting
between the English and the warlikt
Welshm en. The ;'roperty used tc
belong to the tory Stanl'eys, the ear]
of Derby, but on the seventh earl be.
ing beheaded for treason, Hawarder
was dismantled and the estate was
bought by Sergeant Glyn, or Glynne
Cromwell's lord chief justice. Il
came into its present ownershil
through Mrs. Gladstone, who is i
Glynne. It is not generally knowr
that Mr. Gladstone is not the ownei
of Iawa:rden. The property belong;
to his eldest son, William Henry
who is lord of the manor, i. e. land
lord. Strictly speaking the ex.pre
mier is only a guest on sufferance.
Iuside the castle there is muc
that proclaims the manner of mar
whose hone it is. The walls every
where may be said to be papered witl
books. Even some of the lobby,
stream:with literature. And litera
ture of every sort under the sun, fron
sacred scriptures, ancient parch
nents, Homers and :irgils to pon
derous parliamentary reports, the
latest books of science, art, poetry
fiction and ephemeral publications
Though he sold the bulk of his uniqu
collection of china a few years ago
IMr. Gladstone still possesses a good
ly share of his pet porcelains and
many valuable pieces come to hin
as gifts. His own room is a chaos
with something of an artistic purposE
running through the disorder. Ever3
table, chair, lounge, shelf and brackel
bears some work of art, either a por
trait. a bust, medallion or carving, 01
a curio of antique or modern make
When he comes home for his holi
days this wonderful Briton siripl
substitutes a hard day's work for i
hard night's work of the parliamen
tary season. He dresses himself it
a light tweed suit, puts on a sloucl
hat, ties a free-and-easy bandanni
round his still freer and easy collar
and away he strides through the gar
den to early morning service in the
vilh3ge church. Though it is only
villagel church there is a parish t<
work, and well is it served by his
'younger son, Stephen, whom he ap
pointed about 18 years ago. It i.
about the richest p)rivate living ii
England, producing some $16,000:a
year.
Tfo see Mr. Gladstone walk a mib
on the turf is a rich treat. Even or
the streets of London he is about thi
most graceful and nimble pedestriai
you will meet in a day. lHe stride
with the springy freedom of an ath
lete and has all tihe elegant grace o
a dancing master without a trace o
the dandyism. More likely than no
you will see him swinging his old ha
in one hand while widening his col
lar with the other. Then in to b)reak
fast, a wholesome, simple Englis]
breakiast, which he eats with a heart'
relish that is the envy of most of hi:
juniors. Then until lunch at 2
comes work indoors, letters, Home:
(he is always pegging away at hi:
Homer), the writing of magazine ar
ticles ou theology, Greek and Latit
poetry, how to make jam, the Bulg~
rian question, practical forestry. ok
China, ancient Troy. Goodnes:
knows what Gladstone has not writ
ten, is writing, or will not write about
and always as an authority, too.
-He is a most moderete eater, an<
a careful 'one at that. It was abou
a year ago that he published the re
sult of a prolonged scientific investi
I ation he had long been engaged ir
the result being that he pronounce
iessential to go>d digestion to tak,
two and-.thirty aistinct bites witl
each mouthful of food (that is jus
one bite to each tooth, if you an
lucky enough to possess a full set:
and lie religio.usly does what he bid
us to do. Yet lie chats away th
meal timecs with all the ea.sy v'olubil
ity of a five-year-olid spoon-feede:
Though temperate, Mr. Gladstonei
not teetotal. Ile has too much con
mon sense and self-control. A glas
of good ale at lunch, and a couple c
glasses of some old port at dinne
are his drinking vices, and long ma
they enable the grand old man t
"renew his youth like the eagle."
When the season comes you wi
see the man of politics and book4
slip out of the house, habited in a
extra seedy pair of trousg, boote
in a pair offndescribab celogs the
would be the envy e man wb
wants to kick his cre or to Cove:
tr On. his head is a Enldy relic
a hat, on his shoulder rests a mighty
ax, and evil is in his eagle eye. Be
hold-the'ax will soon be laid at the
root of the tree and another giant
will soon lie low.
The liberal clubs of Lancash're and
Chesbire often invite to picnic in
IIawarden park, but permission is
rarer than it used to be. The merry
irakers always insisted upon a speech
until the thing became a nuiiance.
But the working folk from the coun
try side are welcomed occasionally,
and the farmers gather to pay their
rents, eat the good fare provided by
their landlord; and then Mr. Glad
stone doesn't mind treating them to
a bit of homely oratory, generally in
structing them how to make bigger
inco.r.es by growing more fruit for
jam or tickling their hen to send
more eggs to market.
So the days and the years roll
around and the grand old specimen
of English manhood ripens into the
harvest. His hairs are scantier, and
his wrinkles more than they were last
year, but the glow in that brilliant
eye and the fire slacks not in his
heart. Come from the Hawarden
home, with its reign of peace and its
halo of filory around the loving fire
side circle, come to the place where
thousands strive for the prize of see
ing and hearing Gladstone the ora
tor, Gladstone the magician, who
charms the people. I recall the
greatest assemblage he or probably
any other man ever addressed by the
hour together and held them riveted.
That was at Birmingham, 10 years
ago, when 33,000 men gathered in the
cattle-show hall, and greeted Glad
stone as though he were a king.
The pale face, nervously com.
pressed lips and intensely earnest ex
pressiop would strike the audience
as betokening physical weakness, but
the flashing, piercing eyes kindle
every one with the contagious fire of
enthusiasm. His rich, sonorous
voice soon reaches the outer fringe
of the multitude, and in a few mo
ments the feeling is that of being
completely un"'er the spell of a
wizard in the arts of speech.
A PLEA OF GUILTY.
The Sudden and Unexpected End of
the Trial of the Bald Knobbers.
ST. Louis, September 10.-A spec
ial from Jefferson Cfty, Mo7 says the
trial of tte Bald Knobbers came to a
sudden termination yesterday after
noon by the defendants in a body
entering a plea of guilty.,
In the morning Col. Boyd, their
counsel, showed fight and the case of
Geo. Deaton was called. He was
charged with bulldozing Homesteader
Ridonhone. John Denny and Geo.
Silvey were arraigned for whipping
Caleb Atwood, and entered a plea of
not guilty. Col. Boyd asked for a
severance of the two cases, which was
denied. He then objected to the
jury on the ground that it was preju
diced from hearing the other cases.
rThe Court ordered the trial to pro.
ceed. When the Court adjourned at
noon the Government had made the
best c,ase up to date. The direct and
circumstantial evidence was very
strong and when the afternoon ses
sion opened Col. Boyd said:
"All you Bald Knobbers who have
not been tried come forward."
John Wright, Win. Silvey, Geo.
SSilvey, John Denny, E. H. Denny,
and W. F. Wright responded. Col.
Benton stated to the Court that an
agreement had been reached with
Col. Boyd that the prisoners that had
Snot yet lieen arraigned, together with
the prisoners on trial, should submit
cases jointly to the jury, and agree to
a verdict of guilty of all the indict
ments; also that the prisoners con
Svicted and under a second indict
ment for beating Hlugh Ratcliffe had
agreed to the same process. The
jury returned verdicts of guilt.y in
each case. Col. Boyd then withdrew
all the motions for new trials, and
announced that the prisoners await.ed
Ssentence.
Judge Kreckel said he would.not
,pass sentence before next week. The
Smen are all young and of good char
eacters, none of them being over
twenty-one years of age. There is
.no bloodthirsty demand for yen
geance, and is generally believed
Swill be mild.
A Delicate IIint.
rShe-I saw a funny thing in the
ypaper- It says that somewhere out
nwest the weather is so hot that a
farmer who went into his cornfield
Ifound that all the corn had popped.
5It must be awfully nice to have such
aweather.
H le-Why, what are you talking
Iabout ? Think how you'd suffer.
oShe-Yes, I might suffer. But,
-jthen, perhaps other things beside
+ he corn migrht be pop. He popped.
BLOODSHED L IRELAND.
T'wo 3en )urdered at their 31itchel.
town 'leeting--Fifty-four Con
stables Wounded.
DrBLIN, Sept. 9.--Mitchelstown
where the case of the governmen
against William O'Brien under th,
coercion act was to have been hear
to-clay, was crowded all day wit]
civilians, police and soldiers. Mi
OBrien did not appear in court to an
swer the summons. The service of
summons was proved and the judg,
granted a warrant for O'Brien'
arrest. An open air indignatioi
meeting was subsequently heli
Henry Labouchere and others mad
speeches denouncing the governmen
for its course in regard to Ireland
The meeting in Market squar
was attended by 7000 persons
Messrs. Dillon, Brunner, Labouchere
John Ellis, Gill, Condon and O'He;
were present. Thc government re
porter, with an escort of police, trie<
to push'to the front. The crowd re
sisted them with sticks and stones
The police then made a charg
against the crowd, and were repulsei
by men on horseback. Condo]
tried to pacify the crowd. Dilloi
advised them to treat the police witl
insolent contempt, because hom,
rule was nearly won and then th
Irish forces would be under the con
trol of the people instead of as noR
in the bands of their enemies.
The row was renewed, however
and reinforcements of police who ha<
been drawn from the barracks firei
into the ';rowd. One man was killed
and several others were wounded
One of the wounded has since died
The police next cl'arged and dis
persed the crowd.
FIFTY-FOUR CONSTABLES HURT.
Mr. Labouchere was a witness o
the whole scene from a carriage. H
asked Magistrate Seagrave if th
meeting might be held elsewher
without molestation. Seagrave re
plied that the meeting night be hel
anywhere outside of the town. The:
the constable came up sand spoke t
Seagrave and the latter immediatel,
corrected himself, declining to allo'
the meeting to be held anywhere
Seagrave was in the hotel when th
police fired. It is not known a
present who ordered them to fire
Mr. Dillon, Father O'Callaghan an<
Fathe O'Connellfollowed the polic
and entered 'the barracks with then
The two priest were put out. M1
Dillon was inside during the firin~
He says that much confusion pre
vfaIled nobody seeming to be in con
mand. Mr. Labouchere arrived late
and asked the inspector to ascertai
who fired the shots. The inspectc
refused to make any such inquirj
A youth has been found who says h
can identify the constable who kille
Reardan. Dr. Fenton expresses th
opinion that Reardan was not kille
by a bullet, but by a blow on tb
head with the muzzle of a carbine.
Fifty-four constables were treate
for slight injuries. Mitchellstown
quiet to-night. Mr. Dillon remail
there, but Mr. Labouchere has got
to Cork. .
The persons killed were an ol
man named Reardan, a resident<
the locality, and an elderly cabins
from Fermoy. The injuries receive
by the police consist principally <
scalp wounds and bruises.
Jones Still in Jail.
Special to News and Courier.
EDGEFIELD, September 8.-Jont
has not yet furnished bail. lHe he
made no effort to do so since Satu
day last. Un that day four parti4
were present 'to go on the bond, whoa
aggregate property on the auditor
books amounted to $23,690. Ti
clerk of the court deducted tb
amount of homestead and liabilitih
on the clerk's books, amounting I
$9,809, which left $13,882 as ti
amount in which the parties coul
justify, and enable them to go on tt
bond to be given in the sum of $6,94
-It is said that another effort 1
give bond will be made on Saturda;
but it is thought by many that Jon4
will not be able to comply with ti
requirements provided by Judge We
lace in his order granting hail.
There is a much more healthy se:
timent in Edgefield County in regal
to this case than th~e outside worl
knows. Whether .Tones is ablei
give bond or not, the public may re
assured that the clerk of the Con
will see to it that he is not releasi
on straw bail. A good bond will1
given, or Jones will remain in jail.
TIHE TRIPLE 31URDERER THINKS TTH
HIE Is PERsECUTED.
EDG EFIELD, September 7.-Jones
proposed bondsmen, four in numbe
were again in town a few days ag
They insisted that they were fina
jallyle to i meet the 'demands
Judge Wallace's order. The clerk
of the Court, after a tl'orough. inves
tigation, thought otherwise, and so
Jones's second attempt to give bail
has failed. It is said that the bonds
men came within $2,000 of making
up the bond. It is generally believed
a that they will succeed and that in a
i few days Jones will be at liberty.
2 It is universally conceded that
Judge Wallace's action in the matter
conformed to the law, and while some
papers demand it, it is not thought
a proper, nor is he called upon, as no
a other Judge is in any case, to make a
1 public apology for the course pur
i sued.
3 I understsnd that, in conversation
t with a reporter of an Augusta paper,
- Jones claimed that he was the worst
hounded down, persecuted and
abused man that ever lived, and all
because he is a Georgian. He has
been made to suffer imprisonment
and been deprived of home comforts
and social pleasures, and made sub
ject to a trial and, worse than all,
convicted of manslaughter, and all
a this because in self-defence he tooK
I the lives of three men.
1 f
The Tinfoil Business.
"What was that he threw away ?"
"Oh, only a piece of tinfoil from
his tobacco."
Only a piece of tinfoil. Did you
ever consider how large a manufac
tura of that article, apparently of so
little value, is carried on? Will you
believe it when you are told that
more than 1,000,000 pounds of the
foil are used annually to cover the
smoking and chewing tobacco man
factured in the United States alone ?
The method of making it is tnterest
ing. The tin is of course first taken
out of the mines, the best of which
f for this purpose are in Austtalia and
e the Dutch possession of the East In
s dies. The metal is found in veins or
e fissures called lodes, though it is
also often found in a dispersed
I form in loose stones, which when
n found continuously are called
u streams. The * rock containing
F ore is blasted with gunpowder
v and carried to ~the. stamping mill,
where it is pounded and washed.
e It. 's next melted and the tin run into
t clocks containing from 200 to 400
weigLt each. This is the condition
I in which the metal is kept for ordi
e nar: use.
iTwo. means are used to,retce-it to
-the necessary thinness. The old
- manner of hammering by hand, after
- first being cut is still used to a great
Sextent.. By this process, however,
r only one surface could be produced,
0 and to obviate this dimfiulty rolling
r milis were invented. -Prior to their
- invention nearly all the tinfoil was
e imported; but their use has co,mpletely
a revolutionized the trade. The metal
e is now placed between two heavy
d rollers, whichi gives it a fisished
e surface on both sides. It is' then cut
into widths of from 12 to 15 inches,
d rolled upon wooden reels and carriedl
a to cutting machines, where it is cut
,s according to order. It is then packed
e in boxes of 100 pounds each, being
laid in without pressure. There is
d another difference between the foil
af which is beaten and that which is
n full of small holes, but foil to be
d used for tobacco wrappers must be
f airtight.
A Big Increase in the Phosphate Roy
alty.
COLUBIA, Sept. 7.-All of the re
s turns of phosphate rock mined during
s the fiscal year ending August 31st
r. have been made to the Agricultural
s Department by special assistant E. L
e Roche, and they show that the State
s will receive a royalty this year of
e two hundred and eight thousand
e eight hundred and forty-two dollars
e and sixty-one cents, against one hun
o dred and ninety-six thousand and
e eighty-nine dollars and eighty.eighl
d *cents by last year, showing an in
e crease of twelve thousand sever
i. hundred and fifty two dollars and
,o seventy-three cents. This is the
, largest royalty paid into the State
s since the development of the phos
e phate industry.
The Constitutional Centennial.
2- PHILADELPHIA, September 8.
d Gen. Sheridan to-day assumed com
d mand of the troops that are to par
a ticipate in the military display, Sep
st tember 17, in honor of the Centennia
rt of the Promulgation of the Consti
d ution.
A Favorite Friend.
T Omaha mamma-Now, dear, yot
must invite one of your little friend
s~ in to share your .candy.
r, Listle Dot-I-I guess I'll invit
' Lucy.
-"Well, that-will be nice."
-"Yes, candy makes her tooth ach
of n' she never ats much."
EX-GOVERNOR AIKEN DEAD.
" thr
One of the Richest Ante-Bellum States- '
men-His Career as a Publc Man.
vel
CHARLESTON, Sept. 7.-Ex-Gover rod
nor Wm. Aiken died to-day at his rie,
country place at Flat Rock, North int
Carolina, aged 81. He was pover- fro
nor of South Carolina in 1,44, and 'Th
Congressman from 1851 to 185" the
He was the largest slaveholder in tle the
State, and was a 'successful rice
planter.
Wm. Aiken was born in Charles
ton in 1806, graduated at the South so
Carolina College in December 1825,
embarked soon after for Europe, and
travelled for several years on the I
continent. He returned to Charles. sts
ton in 1829, and in 1830 became pos- sei
sessor of Jehosse island, on the Pon tin
Pon river, some thirty miles south of cal
Charleston. The island, containing the
nearly four thousand acres, was ad- $6
mirably adapted to rice culture. Its am
new proprietor at once addressed Of
himself with great s kill and energy su<
to its development, devoting himself we
to this labor for many years. Com- sei
mencing with the cultivation of three Tb
hundred acres, he soon had in use ms
two thousand. He executed large an
work in canaling and embankments, nu
so as to command ample supplies of ga
fresh water. He erected his own ga
rice mills, threshing and other ma- siz
chines. His negroes, 1,000 in num- 1ic
ber, were settled in neat and com- 00,
fortable houses, disposed in villages 2,4
beautifully grouped, and were said ter
to exhibit a remarkable degree of gr<
comfort and contentment. 00,
In 1838 Gevernor Aiken was thi
drawn from his retirement and pri- of
vate pursuits by the people and sent ab
to the State Legislature, and was re- ch.
turned again in 1840. In 1842 he of
was elected Senator, from the same m<
parishes, without opposition. In Tt
1850 he was elected representative to va
Congress, re-elected without opposi- wi
tion in 1852 and 1854, and declined on
re-election in 1856. ua
In the State Assembly and in Con- po
gress his conduct was marked always 00
by good sense and a rare. amenity of -q
manners. He was not a debater, ea
and never ambitious of oratorical 4,(
display. He cultivated the social an
charities in public life, was uniformly wE
mild of temper, gentle in bearing,
unobtrusive in society, unpretending
in discourse and conciliatory to op- O,
ppgents. Re s upp ed by the
'Democratic members fo thee
er's chair and lacked but a single
vote of success. He was regrded
as one of-those- persons who, at the 0f
time of great politigal bitterness, pl
might be looked to as capable of re- is
conciling the most hostile ex- E
tremnes. ti
Governor Aiken was one of the C(
wealthiest men in the South before be
the war. He employed his wealth er
judiciously, contributed greatly to R
*local enterprises, and was distin- to
guished by munificent charities, be
stowing large donations upon the ar
Orphan Asylum of Charleston, con- at
tributing to the endowment of the or
Charleston College and other public le
institutions of his native city. He sh
consistently opposed nullification and N
secession, and took no part in poli- le:
tics after leaving Congress. He was
also one of the first appointed trus
tees of the Peabody fund-.
A TORNADO IN MICHIGAN. ti
---- in
A Train Meets its Centre-A Gentle
man with his Wife and Child t
Blown Ofr of His Buggy. in
-- th
TOLEDO, Sept. 7.-The tornado r
which visited this section yesterday uj
originated in Southern Michigan. It d
first struck Sylvania, a village ten
miles north of here, blowing down 0
two gas well derricks, and wrenching
a boiler from its brick foundation.
Three horses in a pasture were killed
by falling trees. All tall trees were a
levelled. One farmer had fifty acres
of fine timber all blown down. The a
brick schoolhouse at Michie was de.
stroyei. The track of the tornado'.
was south by east from here along ~
.the line of the Toledo and Ohio Cen. ~
g
tral road, and is from one to two
hundred yards wide. No fences or
tall trees are standing. Corn is scat- h
tered and houses and barns are au- b
-roofed for miles. At Waterville and
- other villages to the southward, much
- damage was done, and the total dam
- age will amount to many thousands
i of dollars. No loss of life is reported.
The slate roofs of a number of
buildings were badly damaged, and
towering chimneys of the main build- it
ing of the insane asylum were blown
down, crushing in the roof. The q
r total loss to the asylum is eight~
thousand dollars. Dr. Emibury, as
sistant superintendent uf the asylum,! b
was driving into the grounds at the g
time, his wife and little daughter l
were with him. c
the buggy was overturned and all
ee were thrown out. The doctor
d on to the horse, whicb, with the
licle, was lifted and carried several
Is. His wife and child were car
1 over a hundred feet and dropped
o a dtch in'two feet of water,
m which they were rescued unhurt.
e Wabalh train met the centre of
tornado, and the smoke-stack of
locomotive was carried off.
OCEANS OF MILK.
me Facts and Figures Concerning
the Cows in This Country.
Neio York Herald
Dur American dairy interests are -
,rtlingly enormous. They repe -
it an investment of nearly five
ies as much as the entire bank
sital of the country-that is to say,
bank capital is a little less than
T1,000,000, while the dairy interests
ount to more than $3,000,000,000.
course our readers cannot swallow
h frightful figures in a lump, and
will therefore arrange them in
eral smaller but still heroic doses.
e number of milch cows is esti
ted at 21,O00,000. They give each
average of 350 gallons of milk an
ally. This would make an aggre
te milk production of 7,350,000,000"
Lions, a miniature ocean, a fair
ed Niagara. Four thousand. MI.
n gallons are used for butter, 7Q0,- -y
D,000 for cheese, and the remaining -
?0,000,000 pass through the adul
-ating hands of the milkalan and
)cer, and down the throats of 60, -
0,000 men, women and babies in
s land of freedom. The quantity, -
butter manufactured and used is
out 1,350,000,000 pounds, and of
eese 5,500,000 pounds. The value
our dairy products for the last 12_
mths was nearly $500,000,00 -
lis is $20,000,000 more than th
lue of our annual wheat yie -
iile it closely approximates thatx
r corn crop, which is the most val -
ble of our farm products. To sup-.^
rt this immense dairy herd 100,000,
0 acres of pasture land are re
ired, worth $2,500,000,000. It, is
sy enough to see, therefore that the
)00,000 farmers in this codntry areY
important element of our -tio ^
lfare and prosperity.
A BRITISH PRPHE'P
ie Hundred- Ad- Sorty
A Rev. M. Baxter, of fie#
England, has just delivered<
ophetic lectures at Liverpoo ha
nothing vague about this prh~
agland is to be separated .eisI
rely from Ireland, India and 1I e~
lonies. Lucien Bonaiparte as~
come king of Syria, and later on,.
aperor of France. Belgium and the
liine provinces are to be anneieed *
France.
In 1896 144,000 watchful Chritas m~
e to ascend from earth to heaven
Id the millennium is to commence
SA prll11,1901. The lecturer chal
nged any minister or individual to
ow that he had made any mistake.
o one, as yet, has taken up the chal
nge.
"Wearing the Breeches."
Chicago News.
The moment of supreme dignity in .,
e boy's life is when he first gets
to trousers. Perhaps the feeling of -
iumph is due more to his now hav
g discarded long skirts than to any
ing elke. This appears from the
mark of one observant youth, who,
on the memorable occasion, glanced
wn upon the new glories of his
~rson and exclaimed: "Now, I'ye
>t two legs, just like Sam !" Small
obin, when he had come to this first
rning-point of life, showed himself
ider similar circumstances more oft
gentleman. Arrayed in his new.
Lit, be was at first speechless with
Leer delight. Then at length hie
y found tongue, and he burst out
)h mamma, pants make me feel 86
rand ! Didn't it make you tdel
and when --." But a:e a*tul
)nsciousness came over him that
Lis bliss had never been shared by
is mother, and he laid his wee, chub- -
y hand pityingly against her cheek,
ying, pathetically : "Poor mamma!l
aor mamma !"
New Use f6r a Bustle.A
Texas Sifting.
Tommy Peterby rushed excitedly
ito his mother's presence and said:
"Mamma, lend me your bustle :2
nick."
"What for, my son?"
"Pa saw me fighting with another
oy on the street, and he says he is
oing to whip me as soon as he comes
oine, and he is coming around the
rner now."