Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A PEN PICTURE OF CLEMSON COLLEGE Works for Welfare in Many Ways. Picture a county estate of 1,500 acres, with stately buildings placed at elevated points to form a great irregular circle of half a mile in diameter. Inclose in this circle a beautiful grove of native oaks, threaded by smooth drive ways and paths and cement side walks. Turn to the north and for a background outline against the sky at a distance of 20 miles, range after range of mountains the home of the Highlands, o Caesar's fHead, Whitesides and other lofty peaks of the Blue Ridge. Think of these mountains as in summer clothed with ver dure, standing out, black against the horizon, and in winter often white with snow. Take for the southern boundary a river of In dian lineage and follow in its sweeping (rookedness the swift an1d t urbulenit Seneca as it twists this way ind that to mark the coifinmes of the estate. And to this setting add broad expanses of river bottom lands green with corli, steep hillsides sinuous with level grassy terraces aid cool pas tures with winding brooks and graceful shade trees and you have a picture of Clemson College, not colored to suit the canifvas of an artist, but as seen every year by nearly a thousand young South Carolinians who seek. amid these surroundings, an edtucation that will prepare them for self-respect ing, self -supporting citizenshi). A Storied Spot. Clemson College is a unique blending of the old and the new, of the historic with the now. Just across the road from the cadet dormitories, which every session house over 800 voang men, and in sight of tlie n'ew electric power station that day or night beats as the industrial heart of the com munity, is the white columned mansion of the illustrious John C. Calhoun. One can almost pic ture the great statesman, as with hands behiid him lie paces the avenues of cedair an(d oak, putting into form those matchless ideals of patriotism whose fulflliment lie never lived to see. About. 50 yards to the rear of the mansion is a queer little one story room structure with col umned porch to match the man sion. This was the "study" of the great statesman. and here were written many of his great ora tions. Under this little study, which is about 20 feet square, is dug a deep pit in which ice cut in winter was stored for summer use. How the seasons must have changed, for only during one oir two winters of Olie 20 which the writer has spent in the "up coun try" has ice fored in sufficient thickness to justify such ample storage. In the old1 mansioni are many historic relics, incwl uding a chai'r uisedl by (Gen. George Washington, and a seven-foot mohair-covered lounge on the hack of wvhich is carved thle American eagle. It is said that th le engraving on ouri comns wyams copied from this carv mig. The 01(1 mansion with its his tor'ic anemories, the p~eer' of the H-er'mitage, Mount Ver'non and Monticello, is a priceless State and national asset, and should be a per'ennial source of inspiration to succeeding gener'at ions of young South Carolinians wtho aire priv ileged to live foir fourm yeairs in the shadow of its histoiric walls. Many ar'e wont to ask why the college dloes not hear' the name of Calhoun inistead1 of thle name of his son-in-law, Thos. G. Clemson. The answer is that nowhere does it a ppea in the records that Mr. Cal houan ever wished or' planned the erection of an indulstrial and technical college on the old home stead. The, comp1lete stor'y of Mir. Clemsoni's parmt ini thle founmd ing of the c'ollege is too lonig to be told here. A Vast Plant. The colle'ge traact contains over' 1,500 aicres. On the priop)erty ther'e arme 23 priincip~al publi'c buildings, 70 dwecllings and 64 mninor' h~m dings. The college has in its emplloy 401 teachers, oflicer's and1( laborers. Its in ventoried pr'oper'ty is $1,327,728.57. T1hie of fi('ers ot'~ the college send out year ly over 35,000 letters andl over 4135,000 othear pieces of amail mat ter', mnost of which give agricual tural information. In add1(itioni to thle p~arenCt sta tion, the college maintains twvo branch exp~erimenit stations-one near Summerville and the other at Florence. One more to be situ ated in the sand hill section of the Statt, just as soon as funds will permit, will complete a system representing the principal soil types of the Staite. The enrollment has grown from 446 students in 1898 to 884. Orig inally there were but two courses of study-now there are 13. In addition to these regular degree courses, there is a four weeks' course for farmers and a one-ses sion practical agricultural course extending from October 1 to June I for men over 18. Public Service. But the trustees of Clemson College have not only organized an eficient system of fertilizer in spection and analysis, by which th e farmer gets value received from the tax he pays, and built and maintained a great agricul tural and mechanical college, but they have gone a step farther than is required by their compact with tle people and have sought to re turn to those who pay the tax in the shape of direct service, all that could be spared over and above the cost of operation and build ing. The public service has grown as the fertilizer tax has grown, now reaching an annual total of over $100,000. Clemson College, with its plant well developed, its patronage as sured aid overflowing, its lines of piblic service popular and efli cient, has behind it a creditable recordl of achievement, and before it a fit ure bright with the promn ise of usefulness to South Caro linia. CLEMSON'S HANDSOME Y. M. C. A. BUILDING Association Structure Now Being Built at Agricultural College Will Cost $75,000, and Will Rank Among Finest in Entire South. Just north of the textile school at Clemson College there is being reared a magnificent structure that, when completed, will become ani important factor in the social and religious life of the student body at the State's agricultural and mechanical college. It is the Iuilding of the Young Men's Christian Association, one of the first association structures in the Soulhi, and one of the finest col lege association buildings in the country. It. is costing $75,000 and was mnalde possible by the generos ity of MIr. John D. RoAefeller, who donated $50,000 on condition that $25,000 more should be forth coming. The College trustees ap > ropriated $15,000, which left .'10,000 still to be raised. This sum was made up by the loyalty and contributions from cadets, faculty, alumni and former stu dents. Work on the building is pro gressing 'well and the contract calls for completion before Jan uary 1, 1916. The work is not be ing done by the college, but by contract. The successful bidder is 'Mr. Thomas W. Cothran of Greenwood.. The architect is Prof. R. E. Lee, hieadl of the (division of dra wing and a rchiitectural eng'i neering at Clemson. It is a coin cidlence that Prof. Lee andlt Mr'. Cothran aire both graduantes of the class of 1896, the first class to fin ish at Clemson College. The bu ild(1ing is to be in thre Italian Renaissance style of ar'chi tectur ne, of varii-coloredl texture brick, with colored tile iniser'ts, tei'ra cotta andl lmestone trim mings and r'ed tile roof. The in tei'ioi' finish will be of yellowv pine. It is to be two stories in height, w ithn a basement and imezzam nme floor. It will have a frontage of 120 feet and will contain about 36,000 square feet of floor space. It w,~ill he heated by steam and lighted by electr'icity. T1he basement will contain a large room, 35 by 04 feet, suitable for basketball gamnes, wrestling, exercising, banquets and social gatherings. Adjoining the hall will be a kitchen of ample size with modlern equipment, a quick lunch room and private dining room. This will be fitted upl inl rathskellar style and will appeal to both studI~ents and nmembers of thne faculty. A stoi'e for thre sale of cold( d'inks, candies, etc., lo catedl in thle center of the bas~e menit, comnpletes this feature. Sp ace is lprovided for three bowling alleys and for spectators. Two of the alleys will be installed at prnesent. Bathing facilities will be lo caited in the basemnent and will consist of a locker' i'ooin of ample size, shower baths and swimming pool1. The pooh is to be 21 by 60 feet, a standlardo size which wvill per'mit of official records in swim minig and other aq uatic sports. It will be finished thr'oughiout wvith ceramic tile. 'The main toilet for the building will be located in the basement, adjoining the locker rn. Them mezzanine floor will con tain spectators' galleries, storage space for the store, a large room for college publications, a com mittee room, a locker room for visiting tnnme~ a ladies retiring Clemson's Agricultural Service. room, and a men's retiring room, each with toilet. The first floor will have as an entrance a loggia 12 feet wide, floored with quarry tile. From this loggia one will enter a large lobby flanked with rooms for games, reading and correspon dence, lounging and smoking. A ladies' room for club and church meetings is provided on this floor. The main offices of the building will be located directly in front of the main entrance on the rear side of the lobby. An auditorium with a seating capacity of 400 is to the rear of the lobby. The lobby and adjoining rooms are to be fitted out with large, comfortable chairs and lounges and are to be made attractive and homelike. The game room will have French wndows opening upon the terrace over the swim ming pool. On the second floor will be a large hall, specially planned and suitably equipped for the use of literary societies and other stu dent organizations. On the south side of the build ing nine well equipped bed rooms will be provided, one of which will be reserved for the secretary and one as his guest room. The others will be reserved for the use of the alumni when they visit their alma mater. The north side of this floor will be devoted to Bible study rooms and a hall for the use of the local lodge of Ma Sons. The entire building is to be made as attractive as possible for the cadets, giving them a home like place where tliey can spend their unemployed time pleasantly and] profitably. While providing primarily for the cadets, ample provision has also been made for the alumni, faculty and people of the college community. SUMMER SHORT COURSES A Pleasant and Profitable Vaca tion. Clemson College is this summer offering a four weeks' course in agriculture and cotton grading. The course begins August 9th and ends September 4th. Tle school will be arranged so that one can get just what lie most needs. During the first week the subject of dairying will be taught, the second week animal husban dry, and the third horticulture. For the last week of the course agronomy, which includes field crops, soils, fertilizers, etc., will be the chief subject. Any one interested in agricul ture will find it to his advantage to at tend this school when the sub ject lie is specially interested in is )eilg taug iht. A special course for teachers of agriculture has been arranged and four weeks spent at Clemson will result in greatly increased elliciency. Fourm wveeks1 instruction will also be given the winners in the Bloys' Corn Club wvork of the State. Clemison College inaugurates lie first summer school in the South for ministers interestedl in rural all'airs. A ten-dlay course August 9th to August 20th, in clusive-has been specially (de signedl for them. Thle entire equipment of the ag riciultuiral dleparfmnent will be at the dlisp~osal of those taking the four weeks' courses. The farm, dlairy, dlairy lbarn and till the lab oratories will be open for use in instruction. Popular lectures will be given each evening by some member of the faculty or other lecturer p~rom inent in state or national affairs. The college libr'ary will be open during the whole four weeks with its 30,000 books( and many popu lar magazines. Persons wishing to spend a va (at ion under the direction of a comp~etent faculty, with the adI vantages of well eq uipped labora tories, will find Clemson College an idleal place~ for suimmer. "Reinforcing" Manure. Manure is the best of all crop produicers, but manure needs "ire inforcemnents" to bring out -its greatest value and to supply mat ter in which it is (deficient. Be sidles, the farms are few and far between that p~rodluce enioughi manure to fertilize all the land, even b~y the most careful live stock farming and hby adding brought feeds to the Crops grownu and re turning all manure to the soil. Maniure is especially deficient in phosphoric acid and where a crop is fertilized entirely with manure the addition of acid phosphate will increase the yield. On Bandy lands, manure will not contain enough potash to produce the best crops. HOG CHOLERA AND HOW TO CONTROL IT There are two principal meth ods of preventing hog cholera; one by the use of serum, and the other by taking care to avoid the methods of spreading the disease, which are here outlined briefly. Hog cholera is spr.ead by fail ure properly to dispose of the car cases of dead hogs. Buzzards, dogs and other animals feeding upon these carcasses can carry in fection to other premises. All car casses should be burned or buried immediately, and buzzards should be destroyed in communities where they are not protected by law. In communities where these scavengers are thus protected, the law should be repealed and the birds destroyed. Another very common method of spreading hog cholera is walk ig through yards or fields where sick hogs are kept and carrying the infection on shoes and cloth ing to other premises where healthy hogs are confined. It should be remembered that dis charges from hogs infected with cholera are very infectious, and the owners should not go or allow any of their help to go on prem ises where there are sick hogs. Neither should they allow their neighbors to go among their hogs when cholera exists in the con munity. Healthy hogs should be cared for by )crsons who have not been where the disease exists and no one else should be allowed near the healthy drove. Cholera may be spread by streams receiving drainage from infected premises, by buying hogs from premises where the disease exists, or from public stock yards, or by failure to isolate newly pur chased hogs until their freedom from disease has been ascertained. These three matters deserve care fiu attention. When cholera exists in a neigh borhood every hog owner should establish a strict qIiarantine on his individual premises. When the disease exists on adjoining farms hogs should be protected by injection with anti-hog cholera serum. The sutdden death of one or two hogs should lead the owner to sus )ect cholera. If upon examina tion of the carcasses cholera lesions are fond, all healthy hogs should be moved at once to new lots or pens until they can be in jected with serum. A farmer finding cholera among his hogs should at once ap ply to the Veterinary Division, Cl emson College tor serun, which is to be han at actual cost of manufacture, and should se cure the services of his county farm demonstration agent, wh'o has been instructed in the use of serum. It is the duty of all citizens to see that. the State law relative to lpompt disposal of carcasses is strictly enforced. BUTTERMILK THAT IS BETTER AND CHEAPER All bacteria (10 not make trouble and doctors' bills. Some of them make buttermilk andl buttermilk is a friend to health. It is a cheap beverage and a good one, and is an excellent~ food besides. Its nu tritive value is high, two quarts of buttermilk being equal to about one poundl of beef steak. It has also a good medicinal effect. Good buttermilk can be mnadle artificially as follows: Add to every gal'lon of skim milk about half pint of whole milk and enou gn "starter" or clabber to cur (lie the mixture in six or seven hours at ordinary living-room temperatures. When the mixture is thoroughly curdled put it in a churn andl churn it for half an hour. After churning, cool the mixture (down to wvell water tem peratuire to pr'Ceent its gettinig too sour. A fter cooling, strain through cheese cloth to remove anmy lumps or curd. This siimiple process will give a good, refreshing, tasteful bev erage that. is bo0th enjoyable and health ful. TIo priodulce good crops of cot ton and corn, frequent and shal low cultivation is necessary. Fail ure to cultivate properly' is one way of farming at a loss. It is never too late to use the splhit log drag. This is one of the best implements ever~ inventedl for improvmng roadis and, accordingly, making life on the farm pleas anter. Hogs fattened on peanuts and finished off on corn make hams that rank in quality and flavor with the finest meat that can be obtained. TICK ERADICATION. Great progress was made last year in tick eradication. A larger area (approximately 4000 square miles) was released Irom State and Federal quarantine than in any one year since the work was organized along systematic lines. Still greater progress is antici pated as a result of this year's work. This is made possible by the close cooperation of the State through Clemson Agriculturai College, and the Bureau of Ani mal Industry United States De partment of Agriculture, in their systematic manner in conducting the work, on the one hand, and the hearty cooperation of the live stock owners and progressive citi zens of the State on the other. This work is supervised by Dr. W. K. Lewis, inspector in charge, Columbia, S. C. He and his able corps of assistants are pushing the work with all enegry and speed commensurate with the appropri ations made by the State and i ed eral governments, that the entire State may be released from quar antine as soon as possible. Twen ty-one counties have been re leased; the work is in progress, along systematic lines, in ten other counties and will be conducted along preliminary lines in the re maining thirteen counties this year. In the free areas a great interest is being taken in live stock im provemnent ; pure bred sires are be mg iiported to iniprove the pIes ent strains; more cattle are being fed during the winter months, and with the very satisfactory method of marketing that is being con ducted by the South Carolina ex tension department in cooperation with the departlment of agricul ture in Washington, the live stock imidustry in these sections is well on to the road of success. In other Words, the eradication of the cat tle tick is making a profitable live stock industry possible. The benefits to be derived from this work are of such a far-reach ing nature that it behooves every public spirited citizen to lend his moral and active support to those engaged in conduct ing it, that our grand old State may forge to the front in live stock raising, a )o sition that she is especially adapt ed for and one that she jnst de serves. THE COTTON RED SPIDER. During dry weather one will notice reddish areas on leaves of certain plants. It is especially noticeable on violets. The leaves soon turn brown and becoine dry and brittle. Many people call It rust, but if one stops to examine into the matter closely he will find little reddish colored mites on the under surfaces of the leaves. The characteristic web can also be easily noticed. This is the red spider. t is a (dry weather insect, and if not stopped, it often dloes serious dlamage. The cotton red1 spider is one of our most implortant cotton pests dluring .Junc, .July and August. This so far, appears to be a fav orable yearin, anmd farmers shoulId watch their cotton for the first ap pearance of this pest. The (lain age occurs in spots in the field. Poke wveed and violet plants should not be allowed in andl about plantations, while under brush should be kept down as far as practicable. As soon as the first infested plants are dliscoveredl they should becare fumlly removed anti bumrned. Blood red sp~ots will show on the up per surface of leaves attacked. If this is not (lone then the insects will sp~readl from plant to plant and in a short tine cause the ruin ation of a large area of cotton. This migration has to take place on foot, as the insects have no wings. This makes it at once ap parent that to a great extent at least Lit is everybody's owvn prob 1em, regardlecss of his neighbors. Whenever the infestation sp~read1s andl the infested spots become larger, ,one of several sprays may be given. Clemson's Graduates. The one thousand meni who have been gradluatedl from 0Cem son College are holding lucrative and iresponsible positions in thir ty-three States and the District of columbia, in Cuba, Canal Zone, lhe Hawaiias, Philippine Islands, Germany and British East Af rica. Strong ev'idence of the qual ifications of its agricultural grad uates is found in the fact that niumbers of them have been given employment by the United States Department of Agriculture, while Clemson engineering men aire to be found in the largest electrical corporationns in A meren THE ONE-YEAR COURSE IN AGRICULTURE Realizing that many young farmers throughout the State could spare neither the time nor the money to take a four-year col lege course, Clemson College in augurated three years ago the one year course in agriculture. Many a young farmer after finishing his home school finds it impossible to take a four-year college course. The one-year course is intended to give the Simple scientific princi pies upon which good farming rests. It begins October 1st an3 ends Juno 1st. Its purpose is to take a young man a1ready a farmer and make of him a better farmer. The requirements for admission are that the applicant must be 18 years 'of age, must have worked on the farm for at least three years and have had a common school education through about the seventh grade. During the three sessions in which the course has been given, 171 young men have been enrolled. These men were between 18 and 30 years old. In order to assist worthy young men who have accomplished something along agricultural lines, there are 51 scholarships provided for out of the yearly in come of the college. These scholar ships are worth $100.00 per ses sion and free tuition and are awarded on competitive exami na tion. One feature of the course is that it seeks to make community lead ers. In addition to agricul tural subjects each student is given instruction in parliamentary practice and gets experience in or ganizing and presiding over meet mngs, institutes, etc. It is hoped that in a few years these men will become leaders in all things looking to the good of their communities and of the com monwealth. RESULTS OF TOP-DRESSING Best Times to Apply Nitrate of Soda to Corn and Cotton. Results obtained at the South Carolina Experiment Station show that a top-dressing with iii trate of soda gives good results on cotton, corn and small grains. The increase is most marked during a wet year, because this nitrogen is already in an immediately avail able form, while the rotting of the organic sources does not pro ceed as rapidly as usual on ac count of the excess of moisture in the soil. The amount to apply per acre varies with the fertility of the soil and the previous fertiliza tion, but we would suggest from 50 pounds per acre on poor land up, according to the fertility of the soil. .Early applications are coiming into favor. We recommiendl that the soda be applied to corn when it is between knee and wvaist high, to cotton just as the shapes begin to form, and to small grain in March. Care should be taken not to sow nitr'ate of soda on wet plants, because it is likely to scald them. It is best to apply it just afteri a rain, when the moisture has dried off the leaves of the plants, then cultivate with a mulch forming implement as soon as the groundl is dry enough to pl1ow. BAGGING GRAPES. Grapes can be grown in almost any section of South Carolina. Atter (lie grapes have s'et, they should be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture (see circular No. 25 is suied by Clemson College), and thien be bagged to protect them from (disease, birds andl bees. Bag ging also prol ongs the ripening season amnd after ripening the grapes will hang on the vines for a longer time without spoiling. Strong Manila paper bags (sizes No. 2 and No. 3) should be used so as to resist the weather and the sharp beaks of birds. TFhe bag should be slipped over the bunch and pinned or wired closely about the stein. A pin hole in the bottom of the bag will drain oflf the rain wateir. An inexperienced hland can put on 500 bags a (lay, and an exp~e rienced worker 2,000. It will pay you to bag youir grapes. Farmeis in the coastal plain of South Carolina should remember at this season the value of the soy bean, which is one of their best friends and which appears to be snecially adapted in all ways to