Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Kl) IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOUTH. Economical Methods That Have Stood the Test of Experience. Th -following articlo was pub liehe ? 'ocout number of tho Kngi lug News, and 1b from the pi ?r. Chat. H. Scott, of Elk'us, W. Va. It appears in our columns by special pormis* sion, and tho accompanying cuts aro used as illustrations of tho description given of tho road, 'which will be found helpful to a bettor understanding of tho wrltor's moaning. Headers who are interested in road-making will And it protlta ble to study the article, as it is adaptod to practical, evory-day road working aud is not theoretical. Whilo enjoying a vacation a few years ago, the writer vras for a short time em ployed as Supervisor of Public Roads for Warron Co., N. O. A road law specially onacted for tbo county had abolished ontirely tho old plan of "call ing out tho hands" to do frco work on the roads, substituting therefor a tax on poll and proporty. This tax was vo?y small, netting not quite $4,000 por an num during tho two years of my service. There wore about 800 miles of roads to bo cared for in a territory of about 500 sq. milcB. Of this mlloago a consider able percontago, of course, was not much used. Of the mala roads, somo parts, lying on sandy or gravelly surfaco, woro never very bad. A largo part of thcso roads, howovor, lay on a surfaco which was oithor wholly composed of clay, red or yellow, or of clay covored with a thin layer of light sandy loam which when not drained was easily cut through or washed off, oxposlug tho clay. Thoso parts of thy roads in winter and in wet weather generally became un speakably bad, the clay cutting up to a depth of from 1 to 2 foot, and somo stretches of road becoming wholly im passable. Tho very limited money available tor road work led to a caroful study of tho conditious of tho caso, with the follow ing results: It was observed that many parts of the roads which woro always good had a surface covering of saud or gravel, ofton very thin, covering clays, rod or yellow, boneath. Careful examiuation of tho thickness aud nature of this covering and its relation to tho underlying clay disclosed several interesting aud impor tant facts. It was found that tbo covoring of sand, gravel or sandy loam was often very thin, on sections of road that woro hardly evor cut up or in bad order. In somo cases, in which thoro was no noticeable dotorioration of tho roadway in Bausons that woro quito unfavorable, tho sandy covering was not ovor an inch thick ovor a yollow and rather porous clay. It was also noted that an ordinary sandy loam, or " soil," as it was com monly called, often mado as good a covoring as any other?the varying lino ncBB of its matorlals causing a closer pn<*)ting. This appeared to mako it BU' ' to a fino sand of uniform grain, w -as moro apt to cut up when dry. nans of tho roadwsy had alter ions of denuded clay and of ravol surfaco, whilo others in /h./ ae clay was more goucrally ox posec, had sand, or gravel, or sandy soil, nearby. It was detorminod to try the nlan of shaping up the clayoy parts of I 'io roads into a good surface, either by 1 or machiuo, and then covering i ho ?ay with tho best materials pro . by tho use of wheel scrapers. '< an proved signally successful. Tarts of tho roadway thus ropairod, which had boon for years notoriously bad, and almost impassablo during winter and wet seasons, havo been so ontirely changed in character that a team may bo driven over them at a trot any day in tho year. Tho matorial, whon propeily solcctcd and applied, has com pactod into a lirm, hard surfaco, which sheds wator freoly and rapidly, is dry soon after rainfalls, aud is scarcely ever cut to any appreciable depth, and often hardly marked by the passago of vehicles ovon whon heavily loaded. Tho writer has recently visited and in spected somo points at which this work was douo four or five years ago, and found them still in admirable order, while he is assured by those in a posi tion to know that only a very trilling amount of money has been exponded. on them in tho interval of time mentioned The results havo been surprising even to tho writer, although ho hoped much for the work. Of the estimate placed on it by citizens genorally, tho accompanying letters from an ex county commissioner who has always takon a deep interest in such matters, and from a re putablo physician, who has frcqucnt-oc casion to pass to and fro ovor tho work, will tostify: Wakkenton, N. C, Nov. 27,1001. Iam thoroughly convinced after live or six years observation of the red hills graveled undor your direction while Buperiutondont of RoadB of Warren county that it is by far the best and cheapest method that can bo adopted with a limited amount of monoy. Tho hills on which you had gravel placed five or six years ago aro now as good as or hotter than whon tho work was first dono, and in many cases aro now tho best part of tho road. Wahkknton. N. C.Nov. 15, 1000 Your road work still romains in almost as good condition as whon first dono and in tho me intime has required very little repair. Only onco has it boon necessary to fill in a few ruts and broaks or wash outs on tho Bido of tho roadbod. I havo ofton blessed you whon driving at a brisk gait Instead of tugging through the mud, a foot deep, at a snail's pace. Tbo samo Bystem, I am glad to say, has been used at sovcral points in the county, very much to tho benefit of tho roads and comfoit of tho traveling public. Tho cost is a mere triflo comparod with the benofits dorivod, and whon tho gravel is obtainable it is the oheapest and bost road for the expenditure. roadwav cross sections and modk of Arri.yino covriuno. In Flg. 1, tho lowor lino Bhows tho shape which was given to tho original clay roadbod. Tho riso in the center is mado as light as will securo drainago, so that the greater riso necessarily givon to -the covering will not cause It to wash c*"' - heavy rains. covering Is pat on to a depth of to 5 ins., when packod; of fairly \ thickness, for a width of about once tapering out to nothing in ' ( i, moro : though somotimos undor favo able clrcnrastances, and on moro usod roads a little wider. Fig. 2 shows anothor section whoro tho old road is w der. The dimensions of the improvod ' are tho samo as in Fig. 1, tho unlm od part being shapod up and left for g, In Flg. 1, the road is in a nar at, such as is often found on oar older roads; the cuts bolng gradually made by washing, and often being 10, 15, and evon 20- ft. deep. Passing in these narrow places is often difficult and sometimes impossible, one team having to tarn oat at a wider point and wait for tho other. Tho olay in thoso places, oven whore the hills are stoop and drain ago good, from its affinity for wator and its ability to hold it like a cap, in every accidental abrasion or doprossicn, bo comes gradually cut ap to a dopth of from 1 to 2 ft. Tho woar and toar on teams and vohlclea becomes worso and worse- until " turnouts" arc resorted to. the roadway being temporarily diverted Into the fields or woods alongside. Friction and contention with adjacent landowners result. Bomotimes a new roadway is bought, and the old one is Anally abandoned. This is froquonjly the best way out of the difficulty. Merely shaping up a roadway in rod or yellow clay, by maehinory or hand, does little good, and the money is large ly thrown away. Tho affinIty of clay for water and Its ability to retain ft in every depression, easily made by ani mals and wheels when the clay Is soft, causes It soon to cat ap to indefinite ? > . X depths. Quo of tho worst pieces of road tho writer haB over seen was a placo in which tho section was as shown in Fig. 8. It was in a ciay varying from red to yollow and very soft. A natural drain, 3 or 4 ft. docp, had beon formed on oach sido by washing, aud tho roadway bo tweuu was barely wide enough for sin gle vehicles, and slopod naturally to either side whon dry. , It was on a hill, too. Yet, notwithstanding this ap parontly excellent drainage, this placo cut up in wot weather bo as to become noarly or quite impassablo, and wrooks were strewn along its sides. A sandy loam will often make a good covoring when tho proportion of sand is heavy. A mixture of lino and coarso saud with a little gravel is excellent. A small amount of clay with tho gravel and sand not only docs no harm, but by compacting and comoutiug tho othor ma terials makos a surfte that sheds water perfectly,and resisia abrasion or depres sion. The uho of gravel, especially coarso gravol, is strongly objected to further north, whero frosts arc heavy, because of its holding wator in tho form of ico and snow, and becoming cut up in tho thawa of lato winter aud early spring. I have especially noted tho ob joctlons of tho Supervisors of Roads in Ontario, Canada, to gravel, on this ac count. This objection docs not apply in tho South, where frost docs not pouo trato so deep, and tho ground dries out more rapidly. COST OK THE WORK. Tho actual cost of the work, evea when done under Bomo drawbacks, has boon remarkably small. With a gang of only two or thrco scrapers it has ranged from 12.} to 15 cts. per lineal yd. of road, with a haul of about 400 yds ovor a rather rough road, from a gravel pit oil the road. Only tho common teams of tho country were used, al though they wore light for such work, aud inexperienced tnou handled tho scrapers. The gravel at tho pit wae plowed and no suatch team was used in loading, making tho loads a little light on tho average. With a larger gang of scrapers, say from four to six, the lattor being proba bly tho best number, and with experi enced hands, tho cost could be reduced. With tho larger gang of scrapers, a snatch team could bo profitably used, and tho loads increased. The loaded scrapers passing over the material al ready put out roll and pack it sullicieut ly. Ono man is kept on "the dump," or point of unloading, to spread aud lovol ofl tho material, with a common hoo. Tho clayey surface of the roadway may bo previously prepared either with a road machiuo?very preferably?or by hand. With a light gang of scrapers on a long haul, it has been.found that tho " man on the dump " could do tho work fairly woll, scraping the clay from side to contor and letting tho scrapers pack it by passing over it beforo turning, as thoy woro unloaded This was in ono of tho lighter micaceous clays, in a ra ther damp condition. In the tougher clays, and in dry weather,, more labor would bo required. Tho cost as shown, ranges from $220.00 to $205 00 per milo of improved part of road, aud as theso improved parts are often dctachod, and alternato with others not needing improvement, oxcopt ditching, tho cost of making a uniformly good road of a very bad and ofton almost impassable one, is thus re duced to $125 00 to $150.00 per milo, in many instances. This is no fancy sketch, but is based on work actually done, the reBults of which aro thorc to stay and to be scon. This ought, to encourage tlio poorest and feeblest communities, in which tho physical conditions aro at all similar to ours, to undertake the work of road im provement. It is not contended that the plan presented is adapted to all parts of tho country ; but it is th night that it is well adapted to a great part of tho South, including tho southern and eastern parts of Virginia, the Caro linas, Georgia, Tenncsseo, Arkansas, and tho States further South. Tho wheel scraper plays an impor tant part in tho work. No. 2 scrapers aro genorally best for tho purpose. Those can be bought for a moderate amount, aud worked either by teams bought and kept for tho purpose, or " hlrod in" from tho surrounding coun try ; or by a 'combination of tho two, some boing regularly kept and others hired. I A road machine is a dcsirablo addi I tion to the plant, and should bo used svhere practicable ; but whoro moans aro too small for It, good work can be ofton dono without t. Tho writer earnestly hopes that others may bo induced to givo the plan presented a full and fair trial ; and will bo glad to givo further information to those intoreslcd, and in a position to put it to practical uso. FORAGE CROPS FOR SOUTH. The Farmers of Greenville County Hold a Profitable Meeting. Groonvlllo has onjoyod tho coming of an Interesting visitor who will bo gladly welcomod if ho ever comos again. Ilia visit was specially intondod for tho far mors, but the fact that ho camo at a vory busy season of tho year kopt many of tbom away who would havo been profit ed more in an hour than a week's plow ing would havo dono them. Congress man Johnson roquostod tho Department of Agriculture to sond Mr. W. J. Spillman to several points in this Congressional district, for tho purposo of telling tho farmers about tho forago crops suited to tho South, and this week Mr. Spillman has spokon at Union, Spartanburg, Oreonvillo and Laurons. Ho was ac companied by Prof. J 8. Newman, of Clomson Collogo, who supplemented tho spooehes of Mr. Spillman with admirablo talks to tho farmors on a chango in tholr plan of operations. j The mooting at Qreonvillo was att< nd ed t y a hundred or moro roprosontatlvo farmers, and they were much interested In the subject as woll ns in tho spoakors, which was shown by tho number of per tinent questions they i skod during the mooting. Hon. M. L Donaldson was called to the ohalr, and said the farmers had reached tho parting of tho ways, as thore was no monoy in cotton and thoy were obliged to chango tholr methods of farming. Mr. Spillman had come to teil i us about tho way to grow something J olso. and the visit was opportune. Mr flpillman began by saying that two thirds of tho letters receivod at tho agricultural department camo from tho Houtb, which proved conclusively that thoro was a spfrU of Inquiry among tho farmers in this section, and this indicated that they wore sooklng now ways to I biting about an improvement of farming conditions. (Jotton has been tho ruin of tho farmors, although its cultivation for m^ny years was a source of groat profit, but it has kopt tbora from maklug money at/anything olse, and has caused them to 1 neglect all othor sources of wealth. No part of the Undid S.atcs can grow stock, feo'l a* easily aud cheaply as the South, and there is a greater variety of forago^ plants than in any other section. Make grasses iu order to feed live Blook should no the motto of tin- farmer in the 8outh. lie believes it will ho the Balvation of the country wheu live stock is grown uioro extensively. By Inoroaeing tho amount of forage ' b Inoroipo of live stock wll f Mow. iiiu oouth can pio duce bcof n> -o c'in*??v 'v.( any othnr section, and \k? UuuihuJ for boef h&B novcr been ovorsuppllcd. A fnruior can not cl ? - ' l" -???????n without much study auu planning, and this is what tho far :icr hero noods to do at onco. Olemsou CVdc^u tu lue Experiment station is growing forage plants suitablo for tho Br-utb itH tbo farmers "h^uld got tho moum y bull .Una to find out what is going on lb; ie. Hr. Spillman said that he enmo from the Htato of ^iVaehiugton juBt tbroo months ago. and since that time ho has buuu connected with tho Oop; rtinont of Agrlculturo, with which ho wanted ovory farmor to got acquainted. Ho advised every one to sond for tho " Monthly List of I'ubl'catious," which would prove bouollclal to ovory farmor who wished to got information tijmu of tho bulle tins cost a small sum, but tho largo ma jority of thorn are free, and oach mombor of Congress has a limited numbor of the pay bulletins at bis disposal. Writo to tho Division of Publications, Wash ington, I). C. Within fifteen yoars if tho right course iB pursued much larger crops of every kind will bo produced in tho South, and double tho production from ovory aero of land will bo tho rosult. Only ono kind of farming is possible in any coun try for a great length of time, and that is iivo stock fartulug Rotation of cropB is absolutely necessary for livo stock | .farming. Kvory man should go to work seriously, slowly in order to bo surely, to increaso tho llvo stock on his farm whereby he can build up his land, and thoroby make ono and a half to two balcB of cotton to tho acre Handle the soil right and gut big crops without commercial fortili/.ors. Last year ho made sixty-ono bushols of wheat por acre in tho State of Washington, using twolvo tons of barnyard manuro to tho aero Out there wheat is sown in tho fall. Oats arc bowii in tho spring and are harvested in Julv. Leguminous crops aud winter paatur age are asked about most frequently. Tho cow pea is tho bcBt legume for the South aud where it grows as it docs hero it is the best for any country Tho cow poa, clover aud othor legumes fur j nisli all the nitrogon necessary for grow ing any crop. Agriculture has never j been successful anywhere unless thoro 1 wcro leguminous crops. Tho soy bean I is easier to haudlo as hay than tho cow pea, as thoro is not so much vino The ? velvet bean is a legumo from Florida ' j whoso scod will not ripen hero, but the I seed arc cheap. Velvet boan is good to j uso as a gr>-ou forago, aud tonds to build j up tho fertility of tue soil. If planted in j tho orchard lot the cattle eat it, or tho I vines will cover tho trees when let alono j Tho Florida beggar wood grows live ^r ' six feet in height and stock cat it very readily. Bermuda grass is the most important forage plant in tho South. One aero i will pasture twice as many stock as the I best aero of blue grass in Kentucky or i elsewhere. After pasturing two orthrco I years, then plow it up, and it will como I again. Tho Johnson grass makes tho i best hay, but it is tho greatest pest in tho ; land. Tho only good thing about nut ? grass is that it will make a lazy man I work. Keep it from making a green leaf for two years, and It can bo oxtcrmina i tod. Shade the ground with oats. Al falfa or lucerne is tho great hay plant in tho West, and would do well In this I section. Bermuda is tho best summer I pasturo and coast ryo for winter. Ilcscuo prase was introduced in Bouth Carolina j sixty years ago, and it can bo seen on I tho plat of tho agricultural dopartmout j al tho Exposition Orchard grass is also important, but not many farmers in this I section appreciate its valuo. Hod clover is not suitable for the Bouth on account ' of the trouble in getting a stand Texas I bluo grass is very iino for a permanent pasture. Mr Spillman's speech was condensed into thirty minutes, and was full of in formation to tho farmers. Ho distributed a large amount of sued at the close of the meeting, but only to thoso who Blgnod a plodge card that they would report the result to tho department, by which moans ho has established a largo number of experimental stations In Oreonvillo County to tost tho valuo of forage plants ho had solectod for experi ment. Prof. Newman made an admirable speech ou tho necessity of supplying humus to tho soil, and ho explained that humus is simply decayed vegetable mat tor. Every country has its period of destruction and thon must have a period of reconstruction as to its fortuity. "No grass, no stock, and no stock, no crops," is an old adago that will boar scrutiny. The Piedmont section of Virginia is an example where reconstruction has taken place by a systom of protection to lands during tho wintor season, and from Char lottesvillo to Alexandria the oarth is car peted with grass and clovor. Corn is tho only clean crop that is grown thoro, and this is always followed by a cover crop. No soil is exhausted finally, and every soil can bo recuperated. Plants do not eat, but they drink, and moisturo must bo provided. What are wo going to do ? Wo must chango some of our methods and mako a study of our calling. Tho moro ho taught agrioulturo tho wider to him has become tho field for study. Wo havo workod ont of our soil tho organic mat tcr, and this can bo roplacod by growing manu re crops Stable manuro is tho pro duct of organic mattor passed through tho machinery of an animal or tho or ganic mattor can bo applied by tho plant directly. Throe-fourths of tho fertiliz ing material in cotton seed is taken away from the Bouth. We must learn how to grow cattlo and mako it a business, and wo cannot chango our systom without learning bow othors mako money out of it. Tho old 11 dd pino and tho broomacdgo aro tho greatest boucfactors to tho far mora in this section, as it roplacea what wo have dostroyod. Nature restores tho fortuity that has bcon taken from tho soil, but wo sot Are to broomaodgo in atead of turning it under to aid in re cuporatlug tho soil. Bomo one in tho audlonco askod Prof. Nowman about what to do with crab grass, and ho re plied, ''Mow it for hay or turn it under " Fertilizers must bo put on land whoro organic matter exists in ordor to get tho best rosults. Prof. Nowman said ho waB not trying to instruct farmors, but his effort was to wind up their thinking machines so thoy will workout problems for themsolves. Ho always began tho instruction of his classos by reforenco to tho ii rut chapter of Genesis. In tho crea tion of the world, God mado the soil first and thon came vegetation before animate woro created. " All flesh la grass " has a literal fulfillment, and all things on I earth depend upon farmers growingtogo table matter, which must bo returned to tho aoil in proper quantities. The greater usoof legunvjs la an indlanunsablo nucca sitv to the restoration of the soil to its rightful fortuity In tho Bouth. The Wo? * s Greatest Cure for Malaria X I f'.r ?11 forms of MalarlM poison ! ,ng Uko John.un'a Chill and I'evei JonXc. A taint of Malarial poison ?v. In yoar blood moanamlaftry and failr.re. i<loodm<y!lclnoftcan'tour? Malarial poisoning. The antidote Kiiti 5t CiBti If It torn. Weak? " I suffered terribly and was ex tremely weak 'or 12 years. The doctors said my blood was til turning to water. At last I tried Aver'a Sarsaparilla. and was soon Jfeeling all right again." Mrs. J. W. Fiala, Hadh/me, Ct. No matter how long you have been ill, nor how poorly you may be today, Aycr s Sarsaparilla is the best medicine you can take for purifying and en riching the blood. Don't doubt it, put your whole trust in it, throw away everything else. $1.00 a bottle. All druggists._ Ask your doctor what lin think* of Ayor's 3arsai>nrllln. lie know*all about this grimd old tMolly modielmi. Follow bis advlco and w? will be satisfied. J. 0. AYBit Co., Lowell, Mass. DKATH OF WILLIAM P, BKABD. Another Confederate Veteran Huh I'm ???-<?< i Over the It Ivor. (Iroonvillo Mountaineor, April S. Mr. William F. Board died on tho 3rd inst. at his homo on East Washington stroot, in tho 70th year of his ago. Iiis I health has boon on tho decline for tho past year, but an indomitable will kept him from yielding to the iutirmities of age and increasing feebleness, and ho was on tho streets last Monday whilo tho fiercest winds were blowing. His con dition grow worse the next day, and af tor a paroxysm of coughing on Thurs day morning ho quietly passed away. Mr Board was a native of Columbia, whero ho was born in September, 1832. His father had largo means at ono time, aud ho belonged to a family that was conspicuous for patriotic devotion to their country. Two of his uuclcs wore members of tho famous Palmetto rogi mont in tho Mexican war, and though a inoro boy tho deceased sought to go with them, but was prevented by his extreme youth from being accepted. Ho became an export aud skillful machinist, and for a time was connected with the old G & C. machino shops at Helena, going from thoro to Laurens In tho year IHfly ho was marrlod to Miss Mary B Hoyt, tho eldest daughter of tho lato (Jol. J. P. Hoyt, of Laurens, and when the call was made for volunteers in 1801 ho joined the Stato Guards, tho first com pany that .oft Laurens to become a part of tbo groat army that was destined to win famo on many Holds aud which was known afterward^ as (Jo. A, Third S 0. regimont The servicos of Mr. Board as a machinist wero moro valuable to the Confederacy than in the field, aud at one time ho was detailed in tho gun works at Richmond, but retained bis connection with his company until tho closo of tho war. In tho memorable clash of arms that occurred in Laurons in the mou h of Oc tober, 1870, whon the negroes wero bar ricaded and armed with improved wea pons in a building on tho public square known as "Tinpot," from which they fired volley after volley upon while men while court was iu session, Mr Beard was an activo participant in repelling tho attack and shared In the subsequent affray for which a number of citizens woro indicted in the Federal court. He and others avoided arrc&t, and for several years wero banbhed from homo on ac count of their participation in this nota ble event. His business was virtually destroyed aud ho lost much in conso quonco of his action on that day The family lived for several years iu Ooor gia, and camo from there to Uroonvillo about 1878, residing hero a greater portion of the timo siuco that date. For sovoral years he was at tho head of Beard & Long,, irou mouldors and ma chinists Ho leaves a wifo and six children three sons and three daugb tors Tho souB aro John H., William 1*. and Alfred L Beard, of this city, and the daughters aro Mrs. Lila V. Carpcn tor, of Lewes, Delaware, and Miss Jabio B. and Annie Lou Hoard, who lived with their parents. PROM A BACHELOR'S VIEW. Tbc most necessary thing in a llirla ! ion is to be a good liar. If a statcman is a dead politician a saint is a sinner in his own grave. Nobody can expect to have his own way all the time?unless it is a woman. Any hard-working mau who spends very little on himself can make him self very useful to bis wife. Ono trouble with tbo man who is fond of his joko is that ho expects overybody else to be fond of it. Truth was formerly proclaimed from tho housetops?but that was before Ibe advent of the sky-scraper. A woman's way of saving money is to get a shop to lake back something Bhe has bought so sho can buy some thing else again with tho returned money right on tho spot. You don't have to wait so long to be sorry as you do to be sure. A woman crios either because she has a reason or wants to bavo one. If a woman is born beautiful sho can marry riches and they buy luck. Tho sins of tho second and third generations aro visited upon the family namo. Any woman can lovo a man if ho can mako hor believe other womtfn would liko to lovo him only ho won't let thorn. The difference betvfoen a man who lies and a woman who lies is that bo knows ho is lying. Man is better for a good woman than a bad woman; ho is hotter for a bad woman than no woman at all. Only their conceit koepa men from discovering that thoir qualities about which women most caro aro their use fulness to thorn. What every woman would liko to do with overy man who asks hor to marry him would bo to accept him without hnving to marry him. A woman with nico, long, wavy hair can no more help getting caught by men with it down her back than she can help looking surprised when sho gots caught. Many provorbs aro tho wit of ono and tho wisdom of nono. Getting on in the world means getting around tho people of tho world. Tho man who doesn't owe some of his success to some woman hasn't bad any. Mirrors would bo a bad thing to havo in a thoatro, bocauso tho womon in tho audience aro oxpcclcd to iook at the people on the stage. Women admire tho heroes of fiction, becauso thoro was ncvor a novol where one of them found fault with tho wny the cook got tho breakfast. It is queor that no mnttor how vich you aro you can't buy happiness, but no matter how poor you aro, you can got all tho unhappinoss you want for nothing. OASTORIA. m*3JT Corn removes from the soil large quantities of Potash. The fertilizer ap plied, must furnish enough Potash, or the land will lose its pro ducing power. Read carefully our books on crops?sent frtt. GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau St., New York. INTEREST TO PENSIONERS. A Statement of tho Work That Must be Done Before Payment Can be Made. The following ollicial statement for the benefit of the pensioners of tbo State has been issued by the pension department in Columbia: Evory year, almost as soon as the Legislature adjourns and the appro priation for pcnsious becomes available, such questions aro certainly asked as, When will the money be paid out? Why should the poor old soldiers and widows be kept waiting so long for their mouoy when they nod it so badly? etc, etc. These und various other questions can best bo answered by a simple state ment of the amount of work necessary before this fund can be disbursed. The various county boards arc sup posed to meet on the third Monday in .January of each year to pass on all new applications and revise tho old list of pensioners. It is necessary in every county to have several meetings before they can get their reports in proper shape to send in to tho State pension board, and even after ihey are received hero every mail brings in belated appli cations from the chairmen requesting that they be added to their rolls. This is not the fault of the boards, but is due to the fact that the applicants for pensions aro often unacquainted with the time the board meets, or have had dillicullic8 in getting witnesses, etc., in many cases tho boards held their re ports back purposely, hoping to get nil the applications in at once. The State board requested that all tho reports should be iu by March, but the last ono has just come in, and therefore iL was impossible to call a meeting of the Stute pension board before. The State pension board, when it meets, has to consider each new ap plication, which is, necessarily, a slow and tedious process, and also hear appeals, etc. It is quite likely they will be in session several days this year, as the number of applications is very largo. After their work is over tho pension clerk then has to prepare the pay-rolls for the clerks of Court of each county aud, as there arc over 0,000 names, this of itself takes some little time. It is the desire of tho State pension board to pay the pensioners just as soon as possible, as they are iu con stant touch with them and know just how great is their need of this help and every expedition possible is used 8 INDUSTRIAL 8 AND QKNKKAL R Floating disinfecting plants aro now stationed in Cuba at Havana, Mantau zas, Santiago and Cienfuegos, and a plant is now in courso of construction at tbo port of Havana for use at Nuevitas. A lloatiug plant has been stationed at San Juan aud another, at Ponce, Porto Rico. Tbo largest and costliest of railway stations in tho worin is not in London, New York or Pans, but in far away Pombay. Tho buildiug laying claim to this distinction is tho terminus of tbo Great Indian Peninsular Railroad, which, with connecting lines, exleuds to nearly ovcry part of India. Tho Japanese never sleep with the head to the north. This is bccaueo the dead iu Japan aro always buried with tho head in that position. In tho sleeping rooms of many of tho private houses and of hotels a diagram of the points of tho compass is posted upon tho ceiling for tho convenience of guests. Tho news coiucb from Washington Miat "Senator McLauriu, of South Carolina, who returned from New York on Thursday, wears tho latest thing iu neckties. It is a combina tion of a ?batwing' bow, a four-in-hand and an ascot. The curious combina tion was quite conspicuous as it rested beneath MeLaurio's chin." Congressman Lacey, of Iowa, re cently sent a packet of seeds to a rural constituent, the franked envelope bear ing the tiRual warning, (($300 penalty for private uso." Tho recipient facetiously replied that he could not put the seeds to public use, and could not afford to pay #.'500 for using them himself. Tho Irish language is spoken iu tbo Bahamas among the mixed descen dants of the Hibernian patriots banish ed long ago by Cromwell to tbo West Indies. One can occasionally bear negro sailors iu tho Eas!, End of Lon don, who cannot speak a word of En glish, talking Irish to the old Ii iah applo women who gather around tho docks. Mise Ann Marslon, an English wo man receutly deceased, bequeathed her fortune, amounting to $54,000, to missions, including 84,000 to the Am erican board of foreign missions. The legacies, however, are hedged with such stringent regulations in regard to plcilgc8 against vivisection that it is considered doubtful if the trustees will have power to accept them. A trust controls tho blue grass horse market. Tho business runs into the millions of dollars, as from 7,000 to 8,000 horses arc sold annually by tbo trust, which is composed of about twenty leading fancy horuc dealers, with headquarters near Lexington. They have agents in all parts of the couutry buying young horses, which are shipped to Kentucky and handled until ready for sale. Each week a carload of fancy horses is shipped to New York and Chicago and many to Atlanta, Ga. The Confederate Memorial Associa linn has selected Richmond as the location for the Confederate battlo abbey or museum. Ono hundred thousand dollars was donated by tbo late Charles Broadway Rouss toward the founding of a battlo abbey in the South, provided a like sum could be raised by popular subscription. In tho report submitted by the treasurer of the accosialion it is shown that all of the additional amount bad been ob ' tnined and pledged. The World's Greatest Fever Medicine. For all forma of fever take Johnsons chill ?n<i krvkr tonic. It is UK) tunes Letter tlmn quinine and does in a single day what slow nui iiino cannot do In 10 days. Its splendid cures are in strikingcontrast to the feeble cures made by quinine. COSTS 50 CENTS * IF IT CURES. Tino Manufacture of Cokn WlUSKEY.?Tho State Bays the people have little conception of the amount of whiskey manufactured hero in Col umbia. Many in tho State do not know that such a thing as a distillery, tho largest perhaps south of Kentucky, is in full operation on tho banks of the Congaree river near the big Olympia cotton mill, whose daily output, when running at the full capacity, is about .'1,000 gallons of corn whiskey, con suming 000 bushels of grain a day. I hit it is a fact, and a vi it to tho Hichlaml Distilling company will con vince the most skeptical. Tho pro hibitionist may hold up his hand in horror, but tho manufacture of liquor is ono of our recognized and legalized institutions. Tho government derives an enormous revenue thcrofrom and tho taxes imposed upon whiskey and tobacco is enough to crush them out of existence, yot men, or rather tho majority of them, will drink and chew, and upon tho consumer tho burden of taxation falls. Tho Rlchland Dis tilling company is an incorporated con cern capitalized at ?75,000. Its olli cors are N. M. Block, Macon, Ga., president;.!. S. Farnum, Charleston, vice president; J. W. Bentheim, liOius villo, Ky., treasurer, and B. M. Wilson, formerly of Daw son, (Ja., but now of Columbia, general manager. Tho Mnnnwntu Itailway Company of New Zealand, recently asked for bids for constructing a steel viaduct, and American and English contractors came in competition in tho bidding. Tho American offer was accepted how ever, for tho price asked was only about one-half that asked by tho Eng lish concern. This has given Ameri can enterprise a permanent footing in New Zealand, and that government will horoaftor have its bridgowork dono by our contractors. Tho Empress of Japan takes a great interest in all thatconcorns tho nation, from tho rico crops upward. Her Majesty is said to havo a special talont for literaluro and writes beautiful poetry. A poem of hers, sot to music, is sung in tho schools all ovor tho land. 8ho Is an adopt porformor on tho koto, a kind of largo zither. It is an instru ment which is much played and very popular iu Japan. While it is understood, says tho Now York Pross, that womon aro preserv ing their youth almost to tho point of annihilating old ago, it is also true that women's hair turns gray Boonor than it used to. His said that thoro aro no old ladies in theso days. Our grand mothors ref uso to put on caps and sit at homo with their knitting. On tho other hand, their grand*(laughters be gin to have gray hair before they get out of college. " What's tho matter?" Inquired tho barber, " docs tbo razor hurt?" " OI no," Replied the victim, sarcas tically, " tho toars you obsorvo in my oyos are probably causod by tho onions on your breath." t - 4. The Entering Wedge To your consideration is gon orally tho cost, though cost should always bo relative to value to bo n fair tost. Tho lumber we soil may not always be tho choapestin prico, but it's always choapost in tho long run, bocause wo give tho best valuo. Thoroughly kiln-driod,pro perly sawod and planed, you'll find it "matches" woll, and will bo a life-long source of satisfac tion H.HudjarLsSc Sdq. Why Not Save The Middle-Man's Profit? Tho McPhail IMano or Kindergarten Organ direct to the huyor from fac tory. Write me If you wish to buy an Organ or Piano, for I can savo you monoy. I travel South Carolina, and would bo pleased to call and show you my Pianos and Organs. A postal card will bring me to you. L. A. McCORD, Laurene, ? ? South Carolina bUU t hl.iiii .11 L/H ? Mill Ui 8,000 Graduates Hecelvos from 1 to 5 ap phcntione daily for bookkeepers and ste nographers. Uookkeeping. Hhorthand, Telography taught. Kofera to Atlanta's business nion and bankers Writs for rut aloguo. Address A. O. HR180OK, Tree, or 1?. W. A UNOl.l). Vlce-Pree.. Atlanta, Ga Business Chances. DO YOU want to make $1,0.0 botweon now and March 1, 1003? If bo, Bond ten oents (silver) for our speoialty and receive freo coupon which entitles you to one guess; capital prize $4,000 tract of land lo cated in Laurens County. Bouth Carolina; bank references Riven. Address TWIN-NIOKLBOo., Ii?nrens, 8. C. Cured in thirty tosixy days. Ten days treatment KKKK. Would be glad to have names of all suffering with Dropsy! O. E. COLLUM PROPSY MEDI CINE CO., 312 18 Lowndea Building, Atlanta, Ca. Tlio Kind You Have Always Bought* and which has been iu uso for over 30 years, has borno the slgnatnro of m> and has hecn mado under Iiis per sonal supervision since Its infancy. Allow no one to deceive you in this. All Counterfeits, Imitations and "Just-as-good*' are but Experiments that trifle with and endanger the health of Infants and Children?Experience against Experiment. What is CASTORIA Oastoria is a harmless substitute for Castor OH, Pare goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It contains neither Opium, Morpliino nor other Narcotic substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms (lll<l allays Fevcrislmcss. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. It relieves Teelbing Troubles, cures Constipation ? and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates tbo Stomach and Dowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. ' ho Children's Panacea?Tbo Mother's Friend. JINE CASTORIA ALWAYS Bears the Signature of The KM You Have Always Bought Hn Use For Over 30 Years. THC OCNTAUn COMPANY, TT MURRAY STKCCT. NIW YORK CITY. Atlantic Coast Line. Traillo Department, Wilmington, N. C, March 20, 1902. -FAST LINK Hotween ( Imrleeton and Columbia and lipper South Carolina, and North Caro lina . CONDENSKI) HCIIKDUI.R, In olTect January 15th, 1902. QOINO WEST. No 5? No 53 ; P M * A M Lv Charleston .? 25 0 00 Lanes .7 35 7 5 Humtcr. . .9 I? !?25 Ar Columbia.10 10 11 0r> V M Prosperity. 12 29 Newherrv . 12 ?2 Clinton. . I 25 Laurens.... . 1 17 direeuvillc. o 5 Bparlanburg. 3 30 A M Lv Sumtor. 0 45 Ar Canulen. 11 15 1' M Lancaster. 2 37 Kock Hill. -i 40 Yorkville. 4 18 Hlackshurg . 5 25 Shelby, N.C. 0 00 Rutherfordton. N C. 7 15 Marion. 8 30 Winnaboro. 7 13 Uharlotte N. 0. 9 20 llondersonville, N. C ... 0 11 Ashiwide N. C. 7 15 OOINO KAHT. No'.3 No 69 ?1* M JAM A r Charleston._ 9 20 11 35 Lauen.7 35 9 45 Bumter.Uli 8 20 Lv Columbia.4 4 i t; 56 Prosperity.- .. 3 20 Newberry.3 u<> Clinton.2 22 Laurens. 2<2 Greenville.12 2 1? M Spnrlanhurg.12 15 Ar Bumter.6 45 Camden.4 15 A M Lancaster.??.10 55 Hoek Hill.10 0J Yorkville.9 15 Macksburg. 8 15 Shelby, NC.7 15 K?therfordton, N. C_(! 05 Lv Marion.5 00 Winnsboro.10 18 ? harlotte, N. C.8 lu Henderaonville, N. C...9 02 Asheville, N. C.8 00 ?Daily. {Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sat urdays. Nos. 52 and 53 Solid trains between Charleston and Urecnville, S. <). Nos. 68 and 69 carry Thronen Coach be tween Charleston und Columbia. UM EmerRon, GenM Pass. Agt., T. M. Emerson, Trallie Manager; J K Kcnly, Con. Man. Columbia, Newberry & laoreiis R H Passenger Schedule in effect July21,19f l Bubject to chango without notice. I / > 'I I 1 ) I '} J ) By ) ) ".I itoad Down. Head lip Leave. Arrive Atlanta BAL. 7 45am 8 00 pm Athens.10 11am 62 im Elhcrton .11 lfiam 4 .8 pm Abbeville . . 12 23pm 3 15 pm Greenwood.J2 48pm 2 48 |,m Ar Clinton .... Dinner... 1 I8pui 2 00 pm C. it W. C. Leave. Arrive. Glonn Springs.10 00am 4 00 pin Spartanhurg. 11 45 H 10 Greenville.12 01 3 00 Watorloot .12 62pm 201 Ar Laurens.Dinner.. 1 10 Lv 138 No. 53 No. 62. I.oavc. Arrive Lanrona.12 55pm 117pm Tarka.1 05 1 10 Clinton .1 25 1 25 Ooldville. 1 37 1 12 Kinards. 1 44 105 (lary. 1 4!) 1 CO Ja I ana. 1 54 12 55 Newborry.2 10 12 12 L'roaperity. 2 24 12 20 Hlighs. 2 3-1 12 20 Litlle Mountain.2 38 1216 Chapin.2 52 12 03 Hilton . 2 58 1167 White Kock ...3 02 11 54 Halentino . 3 07 11 49 Irmo.3 Iti 11 40 Leaphart . 3 22 11 33 Ar Columbia . 3 35 Lv 1120 No. 22 No. 85 Leave. Arrive. I.aurens.COOam 6 00am Parke._?10 4 50 Clinton.0 40 4 30 Ooldville. 0 63 3 61 Kinards. . 7 OH 3 40 Gary. 7 17 3 31 Jalapa.7 20 3 22 Ne wherry. 8 00 3 00 Prosperity.....8 25 2 92 Blight . 8 42 2 02 Little Mountain. 8 55 1 50 Chapin.015 1 39 Hilton . .... 0 24 1 2!) While Kock. 020 1 24 Italontino. 0 37 1 15 irmo. 9 52 100 Leaphart .... .10 02 12 18 Columbia.10 30 12 30 A. ?. L. Leave Arrive Columbia.t.. 8 46 11 10 Hum tor. 4 05 9 40 ?jnarleaton. 8 10 7 00 t IIarris ?pringa. *l>aily cxcopt Hnnday. For Kates, Time Tables, or further in formation call on any Agent,or write to W. G. Cim.ns. Fresidont. T. M, Kmrrson, Tralllc M'gr. J. F. Livinoston, Hoi. Ag't, Columbia, 8. ?. H.'M Kmkrson, Oen. Freight and Pas senger Agt, Wilmington, N. C. MONEY TO LOAN On farm lands. Kasy payment*. No com missions charged, borrower pays actual coat of perfecting loan. For information write JNO, B. PALMER A SON, Colombia. H. C. Vestibulcd _ IjMlTED Trains Double Daily Service CAPITAL CITY ROUTE, Shortest line between all principal eitle North, K?st, South and West. SciiKDin.bh In ErvKOT Use 1, 1901. nobth bound. No. 00. No. 3 Lv Savannah, Central T. ..1130pm 1 55pm Fairfax .1 09am 3 40pm Denmark. 150am 4 ?7pm Columbia, Kastern T... 4 10am 7 05pm Camdon. ? 07am HOOpm Chcraw."6 39am 9 40pm Ar Hamlet. 7t05am 10 15pm Lv Caihuun Falls. 1 OOpm 4 21pm Abbeville. 131pm 4 54am Greenwood . 1 50am 5 19am Clinton. 2 45am 0 08um Carlisle. 3 3 lam 0 53am Chester .... 4 00am 7 2 am Catawba Junction.... 4 31am 7 54am Ar Hamlet.7 00am 10 15am Lv Hamlet . 7 25am 10 40pm Ar Raleigh.10 15 ?m 1 3'tam Petersburg. 2 20pm 6 51am Richmond. . 8 05pm 0 3>ain Washington.6 85pm 10 10am Haiti in ore.11 '''>\ m 11.25am Philadelphia. 2 60am 1 3Hpm New York. 6 30am 4 1 .pm Portsmouth?Norfolk.. 6 25pm 7 15am local atlanta xo clinton. No. Lv Calhorn: Kalls. 12 2 Abbeville.... .12 67pm Green w> od. 1 22pm Clinton. 2 16pm southbound. Daily. Daily. No. 31. No. 27. Lv Cheraw, Kastern T... 7 11am 11 00pm Camden. 8 34am 12 63am Columbia, Central T.. 8 40am 1 05am Denmark. 9 62am 2 17am Fairfax.10 30am 2 57am Ar Savannah.12 05ptu 4 40am Jacksonville. 3 50pm 9 05am Tampa. 6 00am 5 40pm Lv Catawba. Kastern T.. 9 07am 12 57am ^ Chester . 9 45am 135am Carlisle.10 16am 2 00am Clinton.11 Miam 2 57am Greenwood.11 62am 3 43am Abbeville .12 2l,?m 4 10am Calhoun Falls.12 6pm 4 38am Ar Athens .2 21pm 6 13am Atlanta. 4 55 pm 8 60am local clinton to atlanta. No 63 Lv Clinton. 2 46pm Greenwood. 3 35pm A bbevillo. 4 07put Calhoun Falls. ... 4 45pm Ar Athens.0 19pm Atlanta. 8 60pm Columbia, New berry A Laurcns Rail way train No. 52, leaving Columbia, Union station, at 11.20am daily,connectsatClin ton with S A L Ry No 63, affording short est and quickest route by several bouts to Atlanta, Chattanooga, Nashville,St. Louis, Chicago and all points West. Close connection ai Petersburg, Rich mond, Washington, l'orlsmouth-Noitolk, Columbia, Savannah, Jacksonville and Allan a with diverging lines. Magnificent vestibulo trains carrying through Pullman sleeping cars between ail principal points. For reduced rates, Pullman reservations, etc, apply to W. P. BCruoos.T.P. A.,Savannah, Ga, j. m. Barr. 1st. v. P. and g. m., R k l Kuncii.G V A, Portsmouth, Va. equalled Schedules to Pan-American ion at Buffalo. Charleston and Western Carolina R. B AuovarA and Ashevillb Shout Lin*. In effect Deo. 29, 1001. Lv Augusta.10 06 a i Er, n Ar Greenwood.IS 39 p " Audersou. " Laurens .1 10 p '' Greenville.3 25p M Glenu Springs. " Spartanburg.3 30 p ? Haluda.. " Hendorsonvllle. ?Up " Asheville. 7 15 p Lv Ashevillo. 7 06 ? " Hendersonville. 8 06 a ?? Fiat Rock. 8 15 a m Haluda. 8 39 a " Try on. 9 13 a " Spartanburg. . 12 16 a 4 00 p " Glenn Springs. .. . " IGraenville. 12 22a 1 ?6 p " Lawrens.M. .2 07 p 6 30 p " Anaurson . 7 30 a Greenwood.3 07 p 8 35 p Ar Augusta...6 40 p 11 3b a Lv Augusta. 4 15 p Ar Allondale. 6 20 p " Fairfax . . 6 82 p " Yeuiasdee. 10 2ia 7 35 p " Boaufort.K 40 a 8 35 p Tort lloyal.....1155 a 8 46 p Lv Port Royal .lOOp 640a Boaufort..1 15 p 8 60 a Yeuiastee.2 30 p 7 40 a Fairfax..... 8 48 a Allendale. 8 58 a Ar Augusta. llUOa Clo.se connections at Greenwood for all points on 8. A. L. and C. & G. Railway, and at Spartanburg with Southern Rail way. For any information relative to ticket*, ratos, schedules, etc., address W. J. Craio, Gen. Fass. Agout, Augus ta. Ga. THE YOUNGBLOOD LUMBER COMPANY AUGUSTA. OA, OfriOI AMD WORKB, NORTH AlJOUdTA, 8. 0 noon, Basil, Blind? And Builder'* Hardware ,. FLOORING, 8IDINO, CEILING AND INSIDE FINISHING LUMBER IN GEORGIA PINE. AU Oorretpondtno? (dran prompt At ?ntion.