The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, January 15, 1902, Image 1
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE
Gentlemen of the General Assembly:
Tho organic law of the Slate makes
it the duty of the chief executive to
lay beforo the General Assembly at
each aniiunl session a reviow of the
different departments of government,
and to make Buch recommendations
aud suggestions as may seem to him
wi*o aud propor,
Tho past year has been a remarkable
one in many respects. Many stir
ring events huvo marked tho rec
ord. The tillers of iho soil in many
sections of our State bnvo not had tho
usual returns for their labors, and with
many of them the present year is go
ing to bo one of sacrifice aud self
denial, and ytt they arc looking hopo
fully to tho futuro and uot complain
ing. Tho development and progress
of the Siato in manufacturing enter
prises goes steadily forward. I sotno
times fear tbat theso enterprises are
being built up at the expense of the
rural districts. It has boon largely
among the owuers and til'ers of the
soil that the sinews of etrcmrth in our
Stale in times of peril and of trouble
have rested. The strength of a State
aud tbo patriotism of a peoplo rest
with the homeowners. Whatever cau
be done by wise legislat ion to oucour
ogo home owning will be so much con
tributed to tbo patriotism of our Stnlo
nud to the stability of our instiiuiious.
Since your last session tho nation
lies been b wed down beneath the
woiaht of a grievous sorrow, caused by
the dastardly blow which struck down
its chief oxcedtivc, n blow aimed uot
at him but at you and every- law abid
ing citizen of the. lnnr", and at tho free
government of which he had been
cho8? n by tho American people as tho
head. It was a blow at organized so
ciety anil Iho victim was only an inci
dent. A sentiment which gives rise
to an act live this is one of the dan
gers which threaten tho nation. And
yet, at no time has the stability of our
form of government been more clearly
shown than at this crit cal period, for
the life of no one man, howtver exalt
ed and beloved he may be, is necessary
the to contiuued prosperity and wel
fare of tho people, and the fair treat
ment given the murderer but served
to show to his associates the etlicacy
and the dignity, and tho necessity for
the preservation of that law which he
sought to overthrow.
Within the past year three of your
own members?Hon. E. 11. ltagsdalo,
ofFairtlld; Hon. G. J. Redfearn, of
Chesterfield, and Hon. J. B. Bates, of
Barnwell?havo been called from their
labors here on earth and havo gone to
join tho innumerable hosts on the
ol her shore.
There have beon two lynchingsii
the State during the past year, both of
which are to bo regretted and wou d
have been prevented if possible, but
so loug as Mends in human form con
tinue to commit outrages upon cur wo
men they may expect swift and sura
mar) justice, and I doubt if emergency
courts or any other remedy will atop
the administration of such justice
when it is known the right fiend is
found. The only way to stop tho pun
ishment is to stop the crime.
TAXATION.
The quo3tion of taxation is one of
the most important and difficult prob
lems that will confront you and one of
the most profound in political ccono
my. It has been a difficult pioblem
ever siuce government has been or
ganized aud taxes laid, and never yet
has a system been adopted wh ch is
entirely equitable end just and which
has not been open to fraud and eva
sion and inequality. It is ca>y to lay
down a theory aud apriuciplu that will
1)0 just and equitable, but when it comes
to putting in motion tho machinery
that will ( a *ry out in its practical op
crations that theory and that will ap
ply the principle to property, the ques
tion becomes a vtxed one and difficult
of solution. Tho constitution pro
vides that all propeity t-hall be assessed
at its true value and vherefore bear It*
share of the burdm of taxation. This
principle was laid down by Adam
Smith, the celebrated Scottish philoso
pher and political economist, in the
early part of tho eighteenth century,
and by ell writers on political economy
if beforo and since his day. Equal and
U just taxation, levied on all property
/ proportionately and it acco dance with
[ its value, is the prodnet of the h'ghesi
justice, and When done to meet th<
demands of government, economically
L administered, is never burdensome.
" On the other hand, unequal and un
just taxation is always burdensomo
and has been the cause of many of the
wats and much of the strife all through
the history of tho egos.
It is n< cessary to mi o a certain
amount of money to meet the ex pet ho
of the Stnte government and this mus
be done by taxation. It makes lilth
difference to the taxpayer whether the
levy is high or low. The question In t<
concerns him is the assessment or val
uation placed upon the property to be
taxed, and whether or not it is val
ued at the samo ratio as other proper,
(y. When the politician boasts of
having reduced the tax levy he is only
trying to fool the pooplo. Tho lovy
must be large enough to realize a suf
ficient sum to meet the appropriations
and it will be large or small in propor
tion to the valuation placed upon the
property aud tho amount of appropria
tions made by the Legislature. The only
way to reduco taxution is to reduce,
the nppr priations. Of course, the
school tax fixed in tho constitution
would roalizo more inosne if assess
ments were raised, but that would be
no disadvantage, for scarcely any one
would object to an increase in this
fond.
? (Jndor the prest o sy>ie:u tho
turns are made to t?u county auditor.
There is a township board of assessor?,
which meets at tho l^mtt house after
the auditor has tak n the returns, and
undertakes to go over all of them in
une or two days. Thou there, is a
coonty board of equallz*ti >n, which
also meets at tho c< urt ? >u??o and d;ocs
over the returns for tho entire county
in g.v. or two days. All of this is done
in somewhat of a perfunctory mariner
and Accomplishes little or nothing in
securing an equitable assessr. of
property. Thoro are counties in tlic
Sta?e in which s >mo ot? tlic laud is as
sessed at one-third or one-half its ac
tual value, while other land is assessed
at its rial value. In fact, there may
ho two adjoining plantations, the one
svorth twice as much ao tho other, and
yot under our system each is assessed
for taxation at tho snmu price per acre
In many cases- it is the rule to assess
.ivo stock at so much per head regard
less of the fact that one horse may bo
worth two or three limes as what
another is, even in tho same county.
And yet this is what township boards
of assessors and tho county board of
equalization understand us equalizing
property for taxation. This certainly
is uot tho purpose for which these
boards arc created. And yet it is im
possible for a township hoard to meet
aud spend only one day going over the
returns that have been made, and got
them eqmiiz 'O. It is also as impracti
cable for tho county board of equaliza
tion to meet and m one or two days
equalize tho assessments upon all the
property in tho county.
Much more could bo accomplished
if tho law were amended so as to re
quire that the county auditor shall after
notice iutho public prints, take returns
in each township, aud shall not take
theso returns except while present in
tho township. In caso any taxpayer
fails or refuses to make return while
the auditor is present in the township,
the auditor and tho town-hip hoard
shall ho required to assess such pro
party and notify tho owner of the valua
tion placed upon his property. Thlt
there shall he appointed a township
hoard of assessors, conals ing of three
discreet freeholders, residents of the
township, who shall meet With the au
ditor to receive tho returns and assess
the property. That this board bhall be
appointed by tho county auditor aud
receive compensation for its services.
That all rcluiu8 shall bo made in pub
lic in the prcseuce of the auditor aud
the township hoard, aud that tho own
er of the property shall be required to
answer the quoslious as now provided
by law, and make affidavit as to the
correctness of his answer. If the towu
ship board thinks tho return is too
high or loo low it shall bo ils duly, in
the presence of the owuer of tho pro
perly and tha auditor, to raise or-lower
tho return iu order to reach tho tiue
market value of tho property. The
chairmen of theso township boards
ahull constitute the county hoard of
equalization, and ihis hoard shall moot
at the court house and go over the re
turns for tho county with the county
auditor and hear complaints and ap
peals, their decision to be subject to
appeal to the S'.ate board. Tho auditor
shall not bo permitted to go into a
primary, but shall hi appointed by the
governor, as provided by law, so as to
bo as free and independent as it is
possible. In this way I believe much
Will he gained toward haviug all prop
erty assessed equitably. Tho honest
taxpayer ivould much prefer to return
his property at its truo value, if by
doing so he would hoar uo more than
liia juat portion of tho burden, and the
man who desires to evade should he
made to bear his part of the burden by
having his property returned at its
truo value
There is no question that so much
demands your earnest, youi careful,
your thoughtful, and your diligent con
sidcration, aiid that so much concerns
every citizen of the commonwealth as
this question of taxation. It has re
ceived the atteution of every legi lalof
who has had the interest of people
it heart since tnxos have been levied
und government organized, aud yet
mere is no subject in which there i?
more room for reform than that of
equalizing taxation and placing upon
the books lor taxation that, property
which is now evading the officers or the
law.
There has been a gratifying increase
in the taxable property during the
yiar just c osed. In fact, the increase
is greater lhan for any one year tor
several yeaia past. This, of c urse,
has made an increase in the amount ol
taxes collected, but your npproptia
tions were larger at the last session
lhan tho year before, and but for the
n :va in UlX^ble V. lUCS lhl'1'O WOUltl
have been a deficit ai d the appropri
atious could not have boon uioi out ol
iho income for the year. Instead,
However, of having 81811,000,000 ol
taxable property wo should have n< ar
4400,000,000.
oood i.'oads
During tho past year there has been
a general awakening throughout the
country on tho question of good roads
ind in every section great interest has
been manifested and movements begpu
1 m k'.ng to the improvement of tho pub
do highways. Theie is no qutslion
that more directly ami more goncrul'y
concerns the great, body of our people.
The South has possibly been a httl f
slow in this mat!er, and tho effects rc
;ul.ing from hor negligence are plainly
to bo seen.
For tho past ftw years there has
been a great influx of peopl i into our
towns and citios aud theso have rap
idly l.uilt up at the cxponso of the Fur
rounding country. This is an evil
which if possible should bo remedied,
for it is to tho people of the country,
and not to tho towns aud cities, that
the State must principally look for the
pn survati <n of her instiluli ns. ?Ono
of lha p lino c iiisea of this great ll>>w
ol po.iul itiou into tho towns und cities
is to be found in tho condition of our
public highways, in most of tho coun
ties in thevJfeato during certain seasons
of the yoar*rao of tho roads are alto
gether impassable, and nil comulunica
lion und tri Dir with ihe cities and
railroad points aro on*, ? K >? oil
condition of affair* must work groat
hardships especial)/ cf ,:u tho rural
districts, and tho poopi? .</ the rural
district* coupon iho groiti majority of
our population.
Leaving out of consideration alto
gether tho evils resulting from tho con
dition of our roads, howevor, and look
ing at tho question from a purely
business standpoint, good roads pay,
and are one of the best investments
which can bo made by a county, or
State. Under our present methods of
road building, it is necessary to robuild
tbo roads uftor every washing raiu,
whllo if, we build good, permanent
; roads, tho cost of keeping thorn in ro
| pair would bo a very sma'l item m
' comparison to what our present roads
! are costing. In fact, the saving in not
I having to work tho permanent roads
so often would in a very short time
pay for their building. This has been
found to bo tho case wherever good,
permanent roads havo been built.
From tho seventh annual report of
tho commissioners of public r aids for
the State of Now Jersey, one of tho
leading States iu the good roads move
meul, the fullowiug is taken merely to
show in what respect good roads are
held by the pernio who have used them
and know of theii advantages :. " The
people seem to bo so wonderfully im?
piesscd with the idea that by good roads
the value of land will bo increased,
transportation cheapened, travel and
business attracted, Bch'tOl houses and
churches tilled, and civilizitioo ad
vanced thnt they are praying as earn,
eslly for them as for great riches.
Consequently the pressure for new
roads is so great it seems almost im
possible to hold the people back. They
ive so anxious lb it they are not will
ing to couflne theinstlves withiu the
limit of State aud county appropria
tions. They nro constantly insisting
upon building ahead of tho State ap
propriation, iu order that they may
enjoy them now.
U has been estimated that in 40
counties in Indiana where good roads
have been built, u the average increase
in the selling price of land, due to ex
isting impiovcd highways, is $0.48 per
acre. The estimated average increase
per acre that would result from im
proving all the public roads is 8!) 00.
1 he estimated average cost of convert
ing tho common public roads into
improved highways is $1,140 per mile.
The estimated average annual loss,
per 100 acres, from poor ronds is
5f7C 28." On the basis of this calcula
tion the average annual loss frcm poor
roads is 7i? cents per ace. It will be
seeu that Hie loss from poor roads
would soon pay for the building of
good roads, and after replaciug tho
amount paid for their construction,
the good roads will continue to pay.
Of course, it cannot bo expected
that South Carolina should do as much
as some of tho States havo done, but
any action which may bo taken, look
ing to tho betterment of our reads,
will be of great benefit and in the long
run will actually save money. Most
ol tho woik done by our cbaingaugs
upon tho present ronds is simpiy
thrown away.
. The building of public highways is
as much of a science ns n.ilrond build
ing, and in order to build roads will
require moucy, and in order to secure
money there will have to lie. provision
for raising it by taxation. The Good
Roads convention, which was recently
hf Id in Greenville, passed resolutions
requesting the Legislature that each
county be given the privilego to de
termine by election tho right of Mich
county to levy a tax, not to exceed 2
12 mills on-the taxable property of '
such county, if so much bo necessary,
ip order to build good roads, and that
such counties as desire to do so be
give:: authority to issue bonds to con
struct and maintain their public high
ways and be authorised to issuo bonds
upon so deciding by county election.
A. resolution was also passed at this
convention n questing the Legislntuie
to enact such 1 iws as will encourage
the use of broad "tires, and also that
the county cbatngangs shall bo put to :
work exclusively on building good,
permanent roads. These suggestions
ar a practical business propositions and |
will work great benefit to tho State if
carried out, and I r commend that
they be followed.
It is most gratifying to note the in
terest which lias lately been taken by
the. people of South Carolina in this
subject Most of the counties of Hie
Stalo are awakening to a roaliz ition of
the importance of tho subject and
much is being accomplished.
In this connection tho work which
has been done and is no ,7 being done
by the Southern railway in this direc
tion deserves commendation, and no
doubt much of tho good which has re
sulted from this awakening is due
partly to its efforts.
Any action 1 tokiiig to the betterment
of our roads which, in your wisdom,
you may seo fit to toko, will be eo
much clone lowurd the promotion ol
tho general prosperity of the people.
Whatever plan you adopt should be
i fll 'ient, economical and equitable.
And that you should adopt somo plan
U patent to evory thoughtful citizen.
CHILI) LAHOR.
In my lust message I directed your
ilten: l mi to tho importance of giving
careful consideration to tho question
of child labor in our manufacturing
establit hmcnts. With the rapid
glow Hi of manufacturing industries iu
our Stute this has now becomo n ques
tion that directly concerns Ike people
of Souih Carolina and a problem that
is demanding solution. The solution
should work no injustic upon tho inib
owners; nor should the henlih and the
futuro happiness and prosperity of the
children, who will in a few years bo
citizens aud voters, bo neglected.
Nothing should bo done that will in.
jure tho manufacturing interests, nor
retard the progress and dovolopmont of
South Carolina iu material growth.
There is no doubt, that to keop tho
mo ill child confined at labor iu the
mills is injurious to (he child physi
eally and mentally. Without time for
rectcation, play, cxorcUe, sunshine,
tchool, tiiing.-i so necessary for the
growth and healthy development of the
child body and child mind; nothing
but labor and tod from bcforo sunrise
until after d v.ia compelled by tho
laws of n.iluro to'dwarf the chil l mind
and lb.- child body, bet-auso it is in di
rect conflict vti.h tho laws of unlure,
and will havo ita influence and effect
upon tho citizenship of tho future.
Kvon looking ft the situation from
a cold business point of view, it is heU
tor that wo should not havo child la
b.>r. In a good many imtancos the
mill ownois i he in civ cm have realized
this fact, and hiivojprohiblted child la
bor in their mills. Looking to tho fu
ture, they know in order to have
I skilled labor in the gtown up man and
( woman, It Is noceiaary that ifio child
I indigestion
i dyspepsia
biliousness
and the hundred and one simi
i lar ills caused by impure blood
i or inactive liver, quickly yield
I to the purifying and cleansing
: properties contained in
I Jofynst?nS
Sarsaparille
QUART BOTTLB. .
; It cures permanently by acting
j naturally on all organs of the
; body. Asa blood-cleanser, flesh
| builder, and health-restorer, it
I has no equal. Put us in Quart
Bottles, and sold at $i each.
"THB MICHIGAN DRUO COMPANY,"
Detroit, Mich.
: q Tak? Uvcrcttes for Liver Ills. s$c' 9
. For Sa'o by tho L^uren-j Drug Com
pany, Lauren*, S. C.
of the proseut shall not only not bo
dwarfed physically and mentally by
close confinement aud lahor during tho
tender years of youth, but that it
e?lii. 11 have all tho advantages oller d
by the schools of the community. In
some cases the parents wh > work iu
tho mills arc required to sign a con
tract to force their children between
cei tain ages to attend tho public
schools provided. There a?*e nnll
towns in ihn .Stale which are models in
eventhing that goes to mi ko an ideal
community. They contribute largely
lor the education of the children and
in suine of ihese communities you will
lind as good school huil lings as in any
of tho larger towns or cities. IK 8 id* s,
the mill owners pay their pa l of the
school tax, which gi>cn into tho genoial
fund, and the most pleasant relations
exist between the mill owners and the
operatives. The fact that the m il
owners, who aro iu tho boat possib'e
position to judge by oxperienoo, rccog.
nize by such action the importance ol
educating and caring lor theso ehild
rena is a trong argument in favor ol
the necessity of a law prohibiting child
labor.
In many instances, howi vor, thesi
rules arc not r< quired, and the mill
owncts, Unding child labor the cheap
est, and looking < u)y to the present,
substitute the child for the man,aud Iho
health and fin uro happiness of this
child are sacriliced to present gain.
This question is one that has to bo
met in every manufacturing country,
aud 111 every instance it has been
found to he the part of wisdom, look
ing both to the iiienlal and moral up
lilting au I the material advancement
of the people, to prohibit the labor of
children of tendor ago. England,
France, Germany, aud all the
principal manufacturing countries in
Europe, and all the manufacturing
States in the North in our own coun
try, aftor thorough investigation and
long experience, have decided in this
manner. The question is a new one in
the South only becauso the South has
within very recent years developed in
to a manufacturing section.
The manufacliuing industries if the
South in the near future will be com
pelled to meet strong competition from
the people of other sections of the
gl /be, particularly from the far Fast.
In order to meel this competition they
must have skilled and intil igont lahor,
and this can only he secured in the
operatives of Iho futuie by the educa
tion ol the children of the present.
And ihechildren of the present cannot
be educated and prepared for their du
ties anil good citizenship if they aro rc
quireel to labor in nrlls during their
tender years.
Tho question is demanding solution,
and the part of wisdom is to solvo i'
now, for the longer it is loll alone tin
moro difficult of solution it becomes
This question was discussed by you a?
your list session and in one branch
of your body defeated by a large
ma j >rity. Final action, however, wh*
postponed by a coulinuaci of a bill ii
tho other branch.
Aftor cartful and thoughtful consid
eration, it is my opinion that it is a
duty which you owe to humanity and
tho citizenship of your State to ptolecl
theso children by prohibiting lb' ir la
bor in our manuf ictoiies. [f the par
ent does not feel sufficient interest in
his own offspring to look after its besi
interests and to prepare it for the high
duties of good citizenship, then it If
iho duly of tho State to step in and
assett its authority by taking care o'
tho li'o and the health and the btippi
n< 88 of theso helpless little ones. I
realize that it is a perplexing qucdion
where tho authority ol the parent ends
and the duty of tho Stato begins, bu
in a questiou of such vital, importance
to the Slate line spun theories should
not be Indulged, but tho host inletests
of tho commonwealth and its citizen
ship should bo tho paramount issue.
No child und? r 12 years of age should
bo permitted to labor in tho manufae.
tones of this Slate, unless it bo neces
sary for tho support of a widowed
nK.lher. If you should adopt such a
measure, however, at least ono year
should be given before it becomes id'
force in order that all parlies may ad
just themselves to the new conditions.
KDUCATION.
It is a principle now well recognized
that the snfety of the government it
self req liros that it givo it* citizens
tho opportunity to Ht themst lves for an
intelligent discharge ot th If duties to
tho State. Our form of government
itself, in which overy citizen is a ruler,
I and overy rulor a public servant, do
ponds for its preservation upon tho en
lightenrneut of the great body of our
people?their education and instruc
tion in the "groat csemeotnl truths
which elevate tho mind and puiify the
honr? of man," and which render him
capah'o of self .government. Subie?
quont events havo provod tho irulh of
the 8cuiimont expressed by Washing
ton at tho very foundation of the gov
ernment, that ,4lt is substantially true
removes from the soil
large quantities of
PotasSi.
The fertilizer ap
plied, must furnish
enough Potash, or tin.*
land will lose its pro
ducing power.
Read carefully our liooV.s
on crops?sent Jru.
GERMAN KAI.I WORKS,
93 Nassau St., New York.
that virtue or morality is a ncees-ary
spring of popular government. Pro
mote, Iben, ns an object of prim iry
importance, institutions for Ihegeneral
diffusion of knowledge, lu proporliou
as ihe structure of a government gives
force to public opinion, it is essential
that public opinion should bo en
lightened."
Public opinion depends for its en
lightenment very largely upon the free
common schools, and tho efforts of tho
State should bo directed principally to
the improvement and perfection of its
8)stun of common school education,
for it is to the common schools that the
gient majority of the children must
look for thoir education. This should
not interfere with our system ol higher
education, but the fii>t duly of the
State is to prop ire the great nnjonly
of its citizens for the intcllig nlu-o of
the functions of oilizoi ship. The
ideal system is one properly ai'ticulutcd
from the common school to the high
?chool, the college and tho university.
??It is of little use lor a republic to
have higher institutions of learning
moducing men of wisdom and power
unless it has also a system of general,
nay, of universal, education producing
popul iv reaped for wisdom and power.
I'ho. university at tho summit, reach
log as high as human intelligence can
go, tlie common school at the base,
spreading as wide as human nature it
self, and between them tho best at
tain able system of grammar schools
ind high schools and academies, and
spreading out from thorn an ever-do
vuloping organize tou of technical pro
fessional institutions?these arc the
defenses of the republic."
Hut it is of lil'l i or no use to have
an adequate system of free education
unless it be taken advantage of by the
children of the State. The attendance
upon our common schools is not as
largo as it should bo, No child shoul I
be allowed to grow u ? to meet the
high duties and responsibilities of citi
zMiship without at least having nc
quired tho rudiments of a good educa
tion. And yet many of the children
of this State aie permitted to come to
the. years of maturity without being
able to read or write, either because
he ch'l I cannot see foi itself tho nd
vantagos, or tho father is wilfully neg
ligent of the welfare of his offspring,
or himself ignorant of the necessity of
in education. There is no greater
et emy to the wi If ire of society and to
republican institutions than ignorance,
and the duty of the State is to require
the child to take advantage of the edu
cation piovidod.
The question of compulsory educn
limi has agitated the minds of educa
tors throughout the. Statu for the pasi
few yeais. Various pu'dic addresses
on Ibis subject have been made, an
at nearly every teachers1 ussocia'ion in
he State the question has been dis
cussed. It would seem that the raa
jority of our best educators advocate,
the system of compulsory education.
The objector to compulsory educn
lion will urge that every parent has
tho right to determine wha' odu -alto:'
diall be given bis own child and that
tho Stale has no right, lo intcjf jro in
ho affairs ol tho family. Whi n a con
ngious disease, invades the S alo no
question of this kind is r.ised, but ih
?dale takes measures to slump Out tin
? lise.iso and a<-ks not foi porml-'Slou t
establish a quarantine against the
spread of tho milady. The two casof
are similar. Ignoianco Is tho worst
>f diseases an I tho Sure has the right
'.o require that the. children shtll be
brought up in such a way as to inuke
tho best possible citizens. It is also
urged thai the cost wdl bo^too gn at.
Phc State is now spending more, than
a million dollars on tho education of
ils childl'i n and the proper position is
that eveiy child oT school ago should
reap its eiiaro.
But the greatest objection which is
urged to compulsory oduoiti n in the
South is the. over-present negro, and
he fear that if ho is educated be can
not be controlled. The fallacy of this
argumonl is palont to every Ihoughlful
man, It Is a fact known and ro
oogoiz d that in this Slnto nt present,
in prop ?rtlon lo the p pulatlon of ench,
?bore uro 11 great, many moro negro
children than wdiiies receiving tho
education provided. The negro is hero
to stay, and to educate h m rightly will
but tench him hs poilt on and bo of
benefit in him and lo us. To lcavo
him without mi oducation is but to
in ii r him n to..1 in tho hands of the
designing and a curse lo society. It is
but suicidal not to require the white
children of the State to attend the c m
rnbn 8 honls for fear the negro child
rcn will reccivo the same advantages.
Tbli argument means that we should
let the white children grow up in igno
runco in ordor that the negro may not
learn.
In this ngo there are many problems
CASTOR 1A
For Infants and Children.
The IM You Have Always Bought
1 Bears the
Signa*' roof
which confront us ami must be 6( lvcd.
Education is the solution. We must
ducate, not one here and there, but
every child in the Stale.
A eomflhlsoiy law at the beginning
would probably have to encouiter dilli
oultica in its enforcement, but the lime
is ripe for something to be done, as
iVeiy one must adm.lwlun ho con
siders the per coinage of enrollment to
the children of school ago, especially
in tho rural districts,
I All tho principal countries of En
( rope, in fact all the principal civilized
i countries throughout the wo:Id, and
I two thirds of the States and Toriitoros
j of our own country, have adopud some
system of compulsory edacation. In
many of the other Staus it is being
j agitated and uged.
Accord in"; to the census of 181J0 the
per oobtago of white? in South Caro
lina over 21 join a of age who could
neither read uor write was 15<J5;ol
negroes <>?.2.*{. In I POO the oensu;
figures shows the percentage of whites
12 0, aud of negroes 64.7. These
Qgures need no comment. Tho per
centage of illiteracy among the whites
has decreased in ten years 3 por cant.;
negroes 10.68 per cent.
The status of the public schools is
about the same as it was at the time
of your la?t session. The average
schools term for the past year for Hie
white school-*, according to the S ate
superintendent's report, was 21 weeks,
exactly the same as the one for the
year previous; for tho negro school
the term was 11 weeks, one week less
than for Ihe previous vcar. It mav he
I re narked ilia tho .Slate superinten
dent reports thai in a few of the couu
lies there aie so many Inaccuracies iu
the report .submitted to linn as t > the
average number of weeks as well as
the other averages and totals, that the
reports in his report cannot be abso
lul< 1} relied upon.
1 desiie to repeat hero what 1 said
lv>tyenr: The Importance of levying
an additional tax for thcsupporl of the
COUU try schools cannot be to > stroni-'y
urged upon our people. This wi 1 en
able them to employ competent teach
ers lor longer terms; it will enable
tin ill to give their children eleui3iilary
and preparatory training at home; and
it will tend to cheek the abuoinia! llow
of popula ion from tho country to the
town; it will be beneficial from even
point of view. While it is pofSibh
for the grathd schools to become too
mechanical and inelastic, the irregu
larity in attendance at tho country
schools renders it impossible 10 have
graded instruction of systematic work.
I'he character of the supervision of the
schools in the couulry is very poor in
consequence of the inadequate salaries
paid foi ihe Cou; ty .Superintendents,
who must give a large portion of theii
time to i ther w rk than that of super
vising the schools.
Some provision should be made to
secure more permanent boards of trus
ties and county boards of education.
The tenure, of cdllco iu ihe bean's ol
lru8'.003 is two years. Most of those
h. aids ind being sure of iheir ootilinu
ai.ee in olllco are unable to employ a
teacher for more tbau one year?a
veiy unfortunate system el" affairs, a*
thcro can be no continuous school
work fruuvyenr to year without some
permanence of tenure. County boards
should be elected by the people in
mii b a way as not to change entirely at
one time; and the boards of trustees
should be ilccied on a somewhat
similar plan.
The Sia'.e superintendent calls at
tention to a plan for securing better
school houses. This shoukl be given
meist careful consideration, because
the best results in training children
cannot be obtained in shabby and un
omforluble schoi 1 houses.
Tno I dal expenditure for
the year for whites w as .. 4i72(>,f-'25 44
For negroes. 211,287 5?
Total. $938 113 CO
(lie total cxpc-udiluro for
the year for whites was.. $05)3.807 0
F >i negroes. 2i-3,033 45
Told. $8?ii.841 05
IS A HUMOROUS "VEIN.
?; 'Do unto others as you would have
others do unto you,' said Markley
> TIi it's the golden rule, and I believe
:n il too. Dou't > ou?"
W I,," replied 15 ?rroughs, ?? if I
did I'd be off Cling to lend you ten dol
lars this minute."
"I don'l know good music from bad.
mvsrlf."
? ViP, Pith, d- re's a lot of ro'.ks liki
, i mii- in . d um' know it."- -Puck.
" My den?', Ih's is my friend, Stuig
j :. , r,h .a y.have hoard mt
speak "
? I'm glad to meet you, Mr. Sir ig
gins. .You can haully appr- catc what
a convenience your ncq-iainlaiieo is to
my li'i-ha* d when be slays out lalei
than he should."?Indianapolis News
Mr. Surplice?Oh, Mrs Dash! The
church bazaar Is not so bad;il brings
the chinch people tc gelber.
Mrs. D ish Mr. Surplice, after you
have h> en in this parish awbilo longer
jou'll understand ibat for truo peace
ai.d amity our church peoplo nceel to
bo kept apart.?I'uck.
" It Is "ad," murmured tho Musing
Thoorlztr, " to think that overy man
has bis price."
?? Yes," admittod tho Intonsoly
Practical Worker, ? and it is a sad fact
.Hint half the feme he can't get it."?
Tit-Ibis. ^
? Don't you think that the writing
of loiters to Santa CJluus is a pretty
custom for children?"
?? I do," answered Senator Sorghum.
"It is very much like tho practico of
introducing bills in Uongress. In the
innj >rity of eases there arc no prnctl
cnl rosul 8. Hut the. author is gralillcd
and thcro is no harm done."?Wash
ington Star.
During the sermon one of the quar
tette fell asleep.
Now's your chants," said the, or
gaidsl to tho soprano. ?'Soo if you
canticle tho tenor."
OABTOniA.
P<Mir? tho j$ ^8 Kind You Have Always Bought
I The Worlds Greatest Fever Medicine, f
i For nil forms of fever take JOHNHOVl HILL and KVKLt ON 10. I
I It is lOi times better than qu nine and docs in a single day what alow o li- C
I nine cannot do m 10 da^s. It's sn endid euros are in striking contrast i , the K
foeblo euren made by quinine.
COSTS 50 CENTS IF IT CURES.
4< ro'l'll wake hymn up," BiiggeBled
the
44 I oou'.d make u better pun tbau
flat, n-> sure us my name's l'saliu I"
iem rk.il Hie boy that pumped the
Oiga? ; bu', he said it aolo UO oue quin
lot ? hi ft.
A well dressed and attractive look
iny man well kuowu on the East .Sale,
b aiiled a Wells street ear to come
d .wnl iwtl yebterd'iy mottling. Several
uion stood on thu back platform, and
among the number was a stranger. lie
gaz (1 admiringly at the lino looking
fellowrfor a tune, and then askid:
" Who is that svvell in the eud seal?"
? ilu's Mr. IJiaiiK."
" Oil! What is ho?a spor ?"
41 Why, no! lie's a lawyer."
41 l\haw!" ho answered disgustedly.
44 la that all he U?"?MiUvaukeo Sen
tinel.
Mrs. Browne?Ami who is tho presi
dent of your club now, Mrs. Malaprop?
Mrs. Malaprop (proudly)?1 am toe
l>ie->out iucumbrauce, just now.?Phll
a lolphta Tress.
She?Is tins the insurance agency?
He?Yes, ma'am. What can 1 do
for you?
Sin?I want an imuia* ce policy at
once. My house is on lire?Chicago
News.
u ArcnT you glad you're through
ihe holiday ru-di?" /-e atked.
41 We're not," replied the saleslady,
languidly. ''The women haven't got
ball' thr< ugh exchanging iheir presents
yet.?Philadelphia llullelin.
L* A woman has acted as Speaker ol
? ho Colorado House of Representa
tives," said Kilduff.
" Mrs. Tiff acts constantly as speak
er of my house," added Mr. Tiff?De
irolt Free Press.
Crawford: Why do you think their
Uliaway marriage will turn out to be
i happy oue?
Urabshaw: Because all their rela
tives wore to angry about it that they
refuse to visit lbom?Judge.
u Yes, ho was arrested for luuuing
m illegal laundry."
"Norsonso. What's an illegal
laundry ?"'
" A place whul'e ihey wash tho u.n
ell.itiou maikt from postage stanps."
?Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Fuddy?D m't you consider it the
uty of .he government to look out for
he people?
Daddy?It seems to nie things would
?nine out butter if the people would
1 >ok out for their government a little
more ?Boston Transcript,
" He gave me a message to deliver
to brother (ieorgo," she explained de
nurely.
11 Was it necessary to kiss 3011 in
?rder to d> that?" demanded her
notlu r.
" Yes," she answered; it was a
Healed message :' ? Washington Star.
II : lookeil despairingly into vacancy.
? 1 have had my misgivings," he Baiel
1 11 dull and passionless voice, "but
ow 1 am sure. Your laugh shows
no \o\i are utterly heartless." '
She turned pale.
Hoavem I" she erii d iu terror, "did
I open my mouth as wide as that?"
After preaching a sermon on the
fate of the wicked an English clergy
nan met an old woman well known
.or her gossiping propensities, and hi
aid : " 1 hope my sermon has b >m<
uit. You heard what 1 said about
the 1 1 ice whore there shall be wailing
md gnashing of 10011)?" " Weil, a
0 that," answered the dame, " if I 'as
ni) thing to say, it bo Ibis: Lei them
{uaab their teeth ns has 'ein?I ain't."
Senator II. ItfvbJ is fond f German
ooking. There is a little restaurant
iear the Capitol that he patio ize?
frequently. The olbor day ihe place
hanged hands, and the S llutor Wftl
.noted by a stranger when ho went in
lor a luuch.
" What have, you got to-day ?" he
isked.
" 1 have pig's feet, lamb's tongue,
boar's head,deviled kidneys"
??Stop !" thuudercd the Senator. ? I
don't care about your ailments; 1 can e
in here to eat."?Baltimore News.
- ? * ? t mtmi
SrRlNKLlNO With Oil. One ot
the benefits gro 'logout of the onor
nous supply of crude oil which is now
mind in bo many purls of the Country,
?ays the Railway and Engineering
lleview, is the possibility of using u
for sprinkling and (horcby not only
aoing the (lust on railroads hut in
dllCS, and periiups inosi of all in tin
country roads in thos 5 see! ions where
rain occurs only at wi lo iiterva's. Its
success upon rallro.ids Ins been
thoroughly demo ft rated,and although
at Hist its use in cities was depreciated
bocause of the supposed dc'etorioua
effects upon rubber lircs, it is now
claimed h >> this objection has been
overcome. Quite a number of the
cities in California are using oil for
sprinkling purposes, and it is found
much cheaper thai: water. The ad
vantage t> the ra I road 8 aside from the
laying ol the dust on the right ot way
is that a general u<c for sprinkling will
add materially to the tr flic of tho road
land f.om that standpoint should bo en
couraged.
Tho Cincinnati l'rico Current, a pub
lication that is wholly free from mllu
onco or bias by the oporators on the
boards of trade, suys tho coin crop of
tho United States is fully maintaining
its promise of a total yield of 1,400,
000 000 busbies. This is more than
two-thirds of an average crop, und
much hotter than oxpoelcd.
1 Jbl
INDUSTRIAL AND GENERAL.
Over 4,000 she p wore taken from
Montana to Lansing, Mich., hist week
to l)c fed thuro on sugar beet refuse,
Frank II. Feavy, the Milwaukee
grain magnate who died tho other day,
carried a policy for $1,000,00''on Iiis
life.
Mrs. B?lget McCarthy, of Auionin,
Conn., is aUnosi 10U years old. She
was born in Milctiellstown, Ireland,
ou Mny 10, 1703.
The time is close at hand when
Florida will ship as many boxes of
oranges as she did before the great
freeze of I8???uamoly, 5,000,000
boxes.
The German se tiers now in south
ern Brazil now number more than
1100,000. German capital has establish
ed banks and is making public improve
ments. \
The longest measured drift of a bol
ilo was in tho Pacific, from four de
grees south of thu Kqu itor to the Fiji
islands, a distance of (i,7?0 miles in
?155 days.
A Chicago man has invented a ma
chine that is cracking ?U0 pounds of
nuts in an hour. It is claimed thai it
is the only automatic nut cracker in
tho world.
Richmond, Ind., will try the experi
ment of rautucip il electric lighting and
now has uuder construction a $150,000
plant. Ii will probably be. ready with
in three months.
Qu? en Will:? imiu i ot the .Nether
lands has sent a doll dressed by herstli'
in Dutch national costume to a bnzzur
to bo held in Lisbon on behalf of tho
children of the Roer refugees iu Por
tugal.
It is said that the quietest man in the
United states Senate is Mr. Simon, of
Oregon. Ho never makes a speech nor
participates iu debate. He is always
at his seat in the chamber, reading or
writing, and he always voles wi h the
Republican leaders.
Princeton University is soon to re
ceive froml'rof. I). Wilson a collection
?f Syriac manuscripts said to be the
largest and most valuable ever made by
a private individual. Many of the
locuinents date from the, reign of the
liinperor Constantino.
President Rooscvi It lias been recom
mended for a brevet-colonelcy by the
Army H ard of Rrevet Awards, of
which General Arthur is president. The
President's distinguished conduct in
the presence of the enemy before San
tiago, July 2, 181(8, is thu reason of tho
i\ commendai ion.
It is rather early in the scio a tor
the peach crypto be killed, but what
appears to be carefully gathered and
semi-ofllcial information from the
Michigan peach country is lo the clTect
that ttie trees, which produced 800,000
husln is ot the fruit last season, were
practically ruined by the recent free/..'.
Sheriff James G. Harvey, ot jjii/.crno
County, is believed to be the strongest
nau in Pennsylvania. Ho thinks
nothing of piekuig up a whole beef and
vrlking around with it, and does tho
?atno thing with a horse. He lias
oeen known to take a fair-sized man
in either hand and hoist them over his
'lead.
Senator Warren, although at present
surrounded by all fie luxury of the
prosperous man,delights in telling sto
i ics of the days when his bod was a
,)ine* box, filled with hay, in an attic,
md when he ha I to get up every morn
ing at .'5 o'clock, Iced the cows, spilt a
lot Of wood before breakfast and then
valk three miles to school.
A common sight iu Sicily whore is
f tiuous Mount Aetna, and where ic
naina of Greek archltoctuio abound,
is a train of freight ears bearing tons
of bars of sulphur, as yellow as gold.
Phis island now supplies about !)(J per
cent of all tho sulphur produced. Tho
rot ks and the soil arc largely of vol
caulc origin, and the sulphur mines
penetrate In some cases deep int > tho
earth,
A mammoth cotton wood Ire? was
?tit a few days ago in the bottoms of
the Little Wabash river, in Illinois.
Lt contained 8,000 feet ol lumber. Tho
tree was '21 feet in ci cumferinoo nud
i 12-foot log on the first limb cut 000
feet of merchantable lumber. Wlun
the tieo was felled tho tallest man in
? ho neighborhood coul 1 not sco over
the logs as they lay on the ground.
Knglisli sparrows continue to multi
ply, despite all efforts at their extinc
tion, and where they prosper, oilier
oirds arc drlug out or are driven out
by them. An Illinois sparrow hunt
has just ended and as a result four
? ins of spirrows woro killed. The
mint was indulged in by two parlies of
farmers, t vontymen on each side.
Pne victorious party brought in 18,000
birds, while the. losers bagged 11,000,
a total of 21,000.
A lump of tallow dipped in sulphur
and rubbed on the bodies of trees is
recommended by Mr. M. W. Ilubbard,
a Missouri orchardist of note, ns a
cheap and safe prevent ive of barking
tho trees by rabbits and their perfora
tion by borsrs. Ho takos a lump of
tnllow iu one baud and a small box of
the sulphur and rubs tho trees frcm
tho ground as high as br'er labbit can
reach.
Arthur l'ue (??rm.in has been unan
imously nominated by the Democratic
members of the Mai)l ind Leghlftturcj
for United States Senator. TO, nomi
nation is equivalent tonn olcction.
Trains collided in a New Yoik city
tunnel. Fifteen wore killed and thirty
injured. Tho responsibility for the
accident hns not boen fixed.
OABTOI1IA.
Bean tho 1 he Kind You Havs Always Bough!