Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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I,i;ST Wiv FORGET ! I, IC ST W1C FORGET !' SPLKNDU) Tltli'.l 'IT. TO VALOR. ?'Tin-. Mi Ii-; battalions. ok I'n ca.Ml'ko ( 'on kkijkkatks Wiiokk Snow.Wimti Tknts Aim-: Thick. I.NINo IN IUI. V ai. I.k ys an Ii <>\ mi. Iii i.i.-i Di >." Mr. Luciau Ii. Knight, of Atlanta, (Ja., recently delivered au eloquent nratinii al Hu- annual memorial ox ercises of the I'on federate Net? raus in that city, which is worthy of pcrhsal hy every man. woniaud ami child in the COlintiy, and we take pleasure in gn ''?..; our n ailers the ad'lrosa as fol lows : " (in this occasion ii is not unmcle to unroll die panorama of the past : to wander again in thought over the dis puted Holds which Confederate valor has made lou ver glorious and to hold communion with tin- spirits of our martyred dead who have made the story of the cpuqUCI'cd banner immor tal upon history's proudest pago; to contemplate again the heroism of brave incu and the fortitude of noble women who illustrated our Confederate struggle and lo emphasize anew the lessons of lldelly to principle which the. sacrifices of the sixties leach us. In honoring our Confederate dead we honor Americans who proved I hem selves worthy sons of Revolutionary sires ; who, entertaining political con victions as deeply rooted as life itself could not slavishy surrender them at the mandate of majorities ; ami who, rather than yield tho heritage of free dom which they received from the re public's fathcts, preferred to immolate themselves upon the altars of the re public's constitution. Tho born since the drama of war was concluded at Appotnattox 1 rejoice in the crim son lie of kinship which links me with the men who followed Leo, and if I know my own convictions, 1 bail lath er be the son of one of the humblest heroes in the Army of Northern Vir ginia than to trace my lineage back un broken to the proudest captain thai ever returned to Koine in triumph through the Appian Way shouting the llOSntlliahs ol Caesar. hj " In Rudy aid Kipling's poetic masterpiece .-ach stanza ends with the drain : " Lest we forget ! Lest we forget I" Is ii possible that the ndmo nition can apply to us? Have wc be come so sordid and so selfish in our , Uirsuil of gain that we have ceased to listen with emotion to the story of our Confederate struggle which as long as wc breathe the air of heaven ought to ' make every drop of blood in our veins tingle with enthusiasm t Xo ; ' and Cod forbid that it should ever be ! ' Thirty-live years have pass'd since our ! gallant boys in gray, returning home ' from Appomnllox, brought with them in their pallid faces and in thoir eyes bcdimmed with tears the fate of Dixie's 1 forlorn hope. Vast changes have oc- j CUrrcd since then. Like the phoonix wc have risen from the ruins of war and upon our battlefields wc have ! gathoiod Unnumbered harvests of wav ing grain and llcccy cotton. Another ! conllict in which our former foes have been our comrades has bequeathed to us fresh glories and throughout our borders the gentle ministers of recon ciliation have been silently at work * healing the breech which once divided us until North and South today, like ( the sisters of Bethany, dwell together in love. Wo cherish the Hag which 1 ripples abovo us in the breeze ; wc ' glory in every stripe and we are proud Of cveiy Slar. But WO have not for gotten the sacrifices and the triumphs, J tho privations and the martyrdoms 1 winch our lost cause brings to mind ; 1 and ever and anon our thoughts ily 1 backward to the days when hope beat ! wildly in the bosoms of our gallant 1 boys in gray and our brave battalions 1 Muttered the banner which now boautl- * lies ti $ air no more. Wo cherish every 1 relic which the war has left us ; every ' lock ol hair, every faded photograph, : every letter dimmed with age ; nor 1 shall we cease to cherish them until 1 yonder, 'where the war drums throb no longer' wc shall fold the owners in f our loving arms and press '.hem fondly } to our hearts again. " We have not forgotten Lee. Our heads still shrine the image of the ' captain of our llOSls and we venerate J him still OS the prince imperial of the sons of men. Without fear and with ! out reproach he led us from victory 1 unto victory, and though at last the duress of superior numbers compelled him to partake of the bitter cup of failure, ho found himself in the hour of surrender enriched with nobler honors iu the ashes of defeat than any earthly conqueror ever found in the laurels of success, (band in battle, grander ?tili in peace, I think of Gen. Lee as I think of some rock-ribbed mountain pile rising in colossal majesty above the. plains to bathe its summit In the purer ether of the skies. Nature made but one such man and broke the die in molding Lee ! ,, We have not forgotten Stonewall i Jackson. We cherish still Ihejmcmory ofthat priest of battle whose martial enthusiasm yoked with his saintlincss of character made him resemble some fearless knight of old eager to plant the banner of the crusade upon the sopulchor of Christ. Our memories of the past delight to brood upon his ex ploits in the valley of Virginia and our hopes of tho hereafter lind sweet em ployment In dreaming of him yonder (neath the vernal shade oi the immor tal trees! "Johnston, Boau regard, Stuart, Hood, Forrest, Longstrcct, Early, Wc have forgotten none of them, and in lighting our battles o'e r again wc march behind them Mill ! 'Wo have not forgo! (en our tattered regiments of ill-starred cavaliers. We recall with pride the spectacle which they presented when they sprang to arms at tho drum tap in 1HC>1, going forth to battle not as mercenaries who nie hired to light for pay, but as pa triots who|are constrained to struggle and to die for principle. Unrivaled In the chronicles of War is the record which thoy made. Half-Starved and half clad they fought as onlv heroes can light, winning victory after victory from tho enemy, though outnumbered two to ono in almost every Btruggle ; and thoy yieleed up tho strife at last, but uot until thoy had swelled the L'ctl oral pension roils with Iho unities of iiuntly twice as many pensioners a-. Micro wore soldiers mustered In the (lonfedornlc ranks. Crushed by failure, but sustained by love's anticipated welcomes, wc seo Ihcni start upon the journey homeward only io lind ashes piled <ui ashes where 11 home, sweet homo " had been ; loved ones sea tier ed ; slaved emancipated ; military fortes in possession; everything save honor lost, but undaunted by adversity, we see them pressing bravely forward with the work of rehabilitation until beauty OUCO more takes the plat e of ashes ami Iho South, like the bultcifly j emerging frem the chrysalis, bursts asunder the bonds of humiliation and dofoat and h aps into the radianl ami triumphant Dixie of today. " We have hot forgotten out battle scarred veterans whose presence among us still links the present with the past. We honor ihem for the lessons ot pa triotism which (hoy have laugh! us in ( peace no less than in war. Dear lo US are (heir empty sleeve- and their wooden legs ami their locks of while. We cnnnoijeurich Ihem with gold, but we can crown ihem with honor a id we. can keep on loving them until our hearts, like broken drums, have beat lliolr music out forever. Wc have not forgotten our lioroic women. At the liresidoa Of Imme we ?see Ihem through the memories of this Sabbath night enduring sterner hard ships and displaying nobler fortitude than we Und in the experience of our soldiers at tltc front of battle. Kn COtlipasscd by the dangers of invasion they never IIinched or fallowed once, but steadfastly labored and prayed and Buffered thai Dixie's cause might win. In the quietude of homo they knitted socks and made clothes foi the regi ments, in the hospitals 'hey UUl'SOd the wounded and the sick, wooing them back iO life with smiles of healing sympathy 01 kissing Ihem to sleep with tears of sacred tendormv-s ; and when the vaults of (he Confederacy were empty they even pledged their trinkets and their jewels in order that failure might not conic until the re sources Of devotion were OXllUUSlcd. Dim and commonplace become the .Towns of honor which have rested un challenged for more than twenty ceii lurics upon the brows of the women of Sparta when we contemplate tho loftier virtues which regali/.e Iho women of Dixie. c< What if wc failed m the struggle, whose memories we recall lot light. They never die ingloriottsly who die for principle and they suffer no humi liation who ennoble the defeat of arms ivith the victories of virtue. The leroisin of which Warsaw is the syno iym survives to-day, not in tho Iriimph it the allied powers whose strength ?onsisted in the force of numbers, but n the handful of Intrepid patriots who 'oil with Kosciusko in defense of tho iburlies of Poland. Thormopolac lives odny embalmed not in the achieve uont of Xcrxcs's bauuetod million.-;, nit in the sacrifice of the immortal OW who perished with Lcoilidas. So nay it be affirmed that the savor of loroic incense with which Appomat OX shall invest the pages of impartial USlory in I he years to come will re niud Americans less of the victorious egions which prevailed with Grant ban of tho vanquished cohorts oI half ilarvcd Confederates who, in fealty to he constitution, followed the plume of air immortal Leo. ?? Vetorail8 0f (he gray, your thoughts ue sad tonights. Tears (111 your eye-? is you dream with mellow beans of he days which are no nioic ; but veightic ? still becomes the load upon 'our spirits when you recol eel that nauy 01 the faces which bashed recogni lon into yours when last you met are ni-sing now. In Iho year whose sands ire almost run more (ban a score of your ;nllant comrades have lallen in the a:iks. Weary of tho march and icarrod With the bruises of the battle hey SWCClly rest at length III the iltimbcts of the bivouac. Time moves ipaco ; and ere you meet again still Ubers will retire to dreams. Thus )iie by one late closes the eyelids of he veteians of the Lost Cause, and lOOn Iho hour will come when there vill be no more to follow. Mut may -ve not soothe our bosoms with the lope that some sweet day every camp vill call ils roll up yonder without one loldicr missing and every lie of com adeship which death has sundered icre will be knit once more together ill the reunions of the skies. u But one word more, and I am through. Standing tonight in senti ] OOOnt beneath the dag of our reunited I country, wc lind no difficulty in re conciling our allegiance to the Stats and Stripes with our tender recollec tions of the Stars and Bars ; for if the past which we love to think of teaches anything, it teaches that in the will ingness of Americans to die for prin ciple are grounded the triumphs of the nation in the conllicts which mo yet to conic ; and if the spirits of our martyred dead could speak to us in whisper-, through ibis autumn even ing's silence they would nerve us for life's coining battles with something like the sentiment which Addison has put upon the bps of (!ato : " 'Tis not in mortals to conmi lod suc cess, But we'll do more, SemprOOiUtf, we'll deserve It.' " An undertaker's business is adver tised for sale in an English newspaper in terms which are hardly such as to encourage any one to become a per manent resident of the locality. Al ter stating that he is retiring from busi. ness altogether the advertiser praises the town thus : " Sanitary arrange ments much neglected ; mortality from fevcis, excessively high ; total death, rate 10.7 higher thai; any town within radius of fifty miles ; one trade com petitor (carp?.ntor) only. Excellent opening for ci.cigctic man willing to put his heart into tiio business." CASTOR! A For Infants ant1 Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the SlguAturo of OONTKOL TI1K COTTON ( Kol' TIIH STATK ASSOCIATION TO CO-OPKU? A l i: Wi l li OTItKU STATES DKLKOA TION WILL I I SKST TO MACON. 'Ihr CotlOI) Orowo??' Association <>f Soul Ii Carolina mot in Columbia on Wednesday night, Oct. '>lst, and uftor a thorough discussion of tin; situation dotormincd to pi' !i the work of or ganizing tin; farmers of South Carolina SO ns l<? control tin- COltou crop in co operation with the Other cotton grow ing States. The association also decid er! to send :i full delegation to the meeting of tho national association this month in Mncoti, tin. There were about lifly farmers pres ent when I he meeting was called to or der '>y the President, .1. C. \VIlhorn. The eerelai v, I. I!. Make, was at bis post. Air. Will .?i n referred to the meeting of the cotteu seed oil mill men recently hehl here, at which they decided to combine for the purpose of reducing tho price of seed. lie said it was de termined to pay $121 per ton for seed, which is 111 cents per bushel, while the former price was ."1(1 cents per bushel. He said the culy way lo light such or ganizations as this was to meet organ ization with Organization. Mr. Wil born then addressed the meeting as follows : Gonllcmon ol Ibo Convention : Tho state Convention of Cotton Growers met at Greonwood September 12th, 1000. IL was then decided after ma ture deliberation t<> organize a Stale Organization and ollicers were duly appointed for one year until September 12, 1001. It was decided lo compactly organize each county in this Slate, with a view of getting a moie accurate report of ginning and marketing of the cotton, and to interchange views and Informa tion from all thecollOU Stales ; for the purpose of obtaining fair and just prices for our cotton and cotton seed products. Upon my suggestion, an adjournment of tho Cotton Gtowors' Convention at Orcouwood was had to meet in Columbia during Fair Week at my call : Therefore, l named October .".1st. at 8.210 p. in. as the time of the convention lo meet in the city of Co lumbia ai the county court house. Knoll county was invited lo be fully represented by delegations, the num ber of delegates not to In; restricted. All counties arc urged to organize al once, by electing a president, one vice president, secretary and treasurer, an advisory hoard oroxocutivocommittee. The constitution and by-laws of the Stale of Georgia have been adopted as far as they apply to South Carolina. Bonded warehouses to he established at all local markets wherever required by the books an 1 members of ihc As sociation. Warehouse receipts to be issued and negotiated al UOP.CSt bank, as collat eral security fqrmonoy borrowers. Fach producer shall control tho In dividual sale, if he desires to dispose of his coil' n before minimum price fixed by tl.o Association is offered by the buyer-- he shall be at perfect lib erty lo do so. A fair and just price tor cotton and cotton seed can be llxod and maintained in the South by united concert of action, by holding back the surplus crop, if any there may be, and marketing the crop during the twelve months of the year to meet the de mands of the mills in all the parts of the world. Cinners throughout the cotton bells will be supplied with postal cards ad dressed to headquarters of the State Bureau, with request that each Satur day night the number of bales ginned that WOOk will be forwarded. The secretaries of county organiza tions wili be in close touch with the producers, ami careful estimates rondo on existing crop conditions will be sent weekly to the Stale board. The cotton grower has the cotton hotter in hand to-day than he has had for thirty years and he is warned, that be hat? no reason lo become unduly alarmed that the mills are closing down, to d opt OSS a fair price of cotton, i on ate reminded that when cotton sohl as high as thirty cents a pound, it was manufactured. For the past three years, I have labjred in season and out of season, with the cotton glower to organize in order that he might the more Intelli gently plant and market his crop. Many of you remember the Inter state Convention that I called to meet in Atlanta December, 1807, and the gi eat dlsapointinont we felt at the policy of delay that was then shown. A decrease of acreage was urged, and from thai day to this the individual effort of the intelligent cotton grower has been to raise, his supplies for his form at home, Iheioby decreasing the acreage. I desire lo urge anew the hog and hominy plan?make the farm sell supporting, raise cotton as the surplus crop. Do this and we will have the greatest country in the world. Do this and the country home will again reach its high place and regard in the minds of the youth. The country home should be the happiest and most independent placo in the world. A kind providence lias aided us in demonstrating to the most s* jplicnl mind l.hal we have been raising too much cotton. Wc tO-(lay stand in a bettor condition to manage the cotton situation titan at any tune, since the war of 1800-65. Wc have assembled bore to-night to devise the befet ways and means for the future handling of our cotton and cotton seed products on the market. A change in (he manner of marketing this great money crop is absolutely demanded. The present system of selling gives li e advantage to the buyer, and leaves the, Individual producer absolutely as clay in tho hands of the potter Let us agree to have a say in selling our pro duce Wo propose to obtain within our own ranks ami for the protection of the pro ducer coircct statistical information in rcgartl . the true condition of the cot ton cro ?)ri0t' to and during the period of harvesting, in order to ascertain as nearly as possible tho amount of crops to be harvested, anil the secretaries of local suh-orgnni/.ntioiis in various town ships will he. kept in touch with the producers, and weekly reports m died to hcathpiarlcrs, indicating existing conditions as compared with previous year*, estimating the probable amount ot cotton to bo harvested 111 such neigh* bothoods. 'Phis method will also ap ply to cotton acreage in the spring, and the amount of fertilizers actuallv used under the crop, showing the condition of tho growing crop during the period of grow th, tiiiitiers arc expected lo aid U8. The Association being in possession of these fact8 and knowing the amount of cotton lo oc produced, based upon the most reliable Statistics, will be in a position to lix a lair price for raw material delivered at ports. I u-fore lixlllg the price, however, we propose to find out the true amount of Ameri can cotton required for consumption in twelve months, and tho price of the finished fabric offered with correct iii formaliou of amount of cotton to be harvested -the number of bales re quired for consumption by mills, the prico of cotton goods, and it will be an easy matter to determine a lair price for raw material. To get a just price from the btiycrol our cotton, it will be essential to fur nish the supply commensurate with the demand. This can only be done by marketing the. crop through ii longer period of time and furnishing spinners with slock as needed. Here is where we seek and are entitled to the aid of the banker. Cotton properly ware housed and insured is as good security as a govormout bond. We now have an opportunity of becoming complete tnn8lei'8 of the situation. Thorn will be no surplus carried over lill next year. The mills in all parts of the world are short of cotton. Never has there existed a greater demand for cot ton goods. The nulls must have raw cotton, which will be in our possession, and if we know and demand its true value it will be paid. The world is now face to face with a cotton famine, If do mauds keep pace with the last twelve months. The mills consumed 11,Inn, OIK) bales during the past twelve months, made up of 2,000,000 bales surplus carried over from crop of 1808 and the 0,000,000 harvested in 1800. The latest move has bceu for tho spinners to combine and shut down for sixty days, so as to stagnate trade and depress present prices of law cotton. The question for you to dolor mi no is, whether you, after knowing the situa tion, are prepared to stand and deliver and bo dictated to by organizations miles nway. Fellow citizens, such is not your bis. tory and should not be jour policy, but WO should meet organization with or ganization. For want of organization compactly formed you are being llccccd to the great detriment of your homes and families. The cutton seed combination is an other organization that should bodealt with, in the same measure, b> united action ami with the same force tney at tempt to Use against us. They meet and agree to give a certain price. Let us agree that wo will only sell for a certain price our cotton seed As. it is now, the politeness of Bob Uoy la aol even in vogue, when they lake our cotton seed. The secretary, J. It. Blake, then read the minutes of the last meeting, which were approved. Mr. I. H. McCllU, of Abbeville, was first to address the chair. He agreed with the objects of the meeting, but did not see how anything COUld be. done neless the Southern farmers agreed to control the output of cotton. Congressman A. c. I/Uimcrsaid ho had never seen anything practical in point and had heard nothing practical tonight. Unless tin re was something definite in view it is useless to organ Mr. 11. M. Cross saiil there was no good in an organization unless the lien law was repealed. This did not create any sensation. Mr. S. II. Medice, of Groonwood, said lint fanners could not control the situation alone. They must have the COoporation of the business men and bankers and be believed even llio cot ton mill men would join them. They had done so in Georgia ami in Grcou wood a mill president is on tin' execu tive committee. The main ob ject is to take the crop out of the hands of spec ulator. Congressman Lalitnor said the mill men could organize and leave the farmers to hold the hag. Mr. .1. A. Pcterkin, of Orangohurg, wanted lo know what it was they want ed to organize. He said if the world wauled 10,000,00(1 bales and the United states raises onl\ 8,000,000 other coun tries would raise the balance atltTTitiS country would he that much worse oil'. I We should raise all the cotton the I world wants, and then organize to buy the crop. He had studied and studied and didn't know what ought to be I done. Dr. J. l>. steppe, of Sparlanburg, said you could get a few men in an or ganization for personal reasons, for political motives, for a liiUo notoriety, but you can't get the mass of tho farmers into it. Politics has killed every organization the fanners have started. If you can get the farmers to raise their own supplies you will solve the problem. Then they won't have to give hens and borrow money. They won't need any bonded warehouses. The farms of this State aie being cut up into small tracts and run by intelli gent farmers. We have an agricul tural college to teach the boys to farm. The cotton mills of this Slate are con trolled by South Carolinians, but when the capitalists up North crack the whip the Southern mill men yelp. Von may talk about trusts and combinations in the North, but we have, one here among the mill im n. What wc need id an intelligent agricultural class who wil' raise cotton as a surplus crop. Mr, J. It. Blake Bald they had an or-1 ganization and the thing to do waa !o perfect thia organization hy counties and appoint a delegation to attend (tie National (Jetton (Jrowers' convention in Mncon. Until the organization is thoroughly perfected they are not ir. 1 position to act upon any suggestion. He then offered tho following resolu tion: I "Itcsolvcd, That the executive com* inittcos perfect tho organization of tho various counties and that the chair ap point a delegation of one from each congressional district to represent the cotton glowers' convention of South Carolina in the convention of tho Na tional Cotton Growers' association which mods al Mucon on Novombci 20111." This resolution was eventually adopt* o<i, but not until several bad spoken. Mr. J. K. Thompson, of Libert*. Hill, discussed al boiuc length the Bit 1 nation, laying stress Upou the lien law and arguing ih it the need is divorsilied farming. As to cotton seed, wo ought to go home ami urge everyone thai has cot ton seed to hold it. He had no dotlbl there is a combination <>!' oil mill men and the way to light it is to hold |hc SCCd. The ignorant fanners, the ne groes, make the most cotton and they will take the advice ol an intelligent man. Maj. W. II Matlldin was not a farm cr, but he believed in organization. He called on one of the largest planters ol the second .district, Col. L. \V. Veil mans, to give his views. There were calls for Voumaiis, and after some hesitation he came forwnid. Col. Yoiimnns said he had WOlldorcd if it were possible to organize the cotton planters of the United States. It is ac knowledged that it is most dilllcull to Ol'gauizo the agricultural class as some one has said, "They are the unlutal pi'Oy of every other vocation." The mill men, the oil men, the ginncrs and the jute men combine and the price of cotton and cotton seed goes down and that of ginning and jute goes up. Col. Youmans reviewed the situati'in at longgth, delivering what was really an address upon the world's production of cotton, lie told of his experience at the mooting in Memphis when tho National Cotton dowers' convention was organized, ho being vice presi dent for this state. He said the Tann ers west of the Mississippi did not want an orgaui/.ation, as they thought they could drive out of the business the fanners east of the Mississippi. Unless we can gel the cooperation of these western Slates we can accom plish practically nothing. Still he be lieved in organization ami seconded the resolut ions. Mr. I). 1'. Kind made a very practi cal suggestion, which was that a vote he taken on the resolutions. This was done and the resolutions adopted. The meeting then adj.mined. The president, Mr. .1. C. VYilhom, was so unwell thai he gave up the chair to Mr. W. M. Hain-lord, of Kdgclield, who presided the greater part of tin: session. Mr. Wilborn will appoint the committee authorized in the resolutions at a Inter day. The convention was composed of some of the most substantial fanners of the Stale, men who are scientific farmers ami influential citizens, and it is not impiohablo that they will be able to carry out their ideas. The organi zation was stalled ibis summer at (Jreenwoed and is intended to In- a per manent Illing. WIIKKK MUSTARD IS RAISED. Mustard, tho sauce plant of a nation, is cultivated only in Santa Barbara County, California. This locality grows the mustard for the entire country and the Im ml) ids of acres of brilliant canary yellow and bl'DWIl are a pleasing sight to tourists w ho enjoy tho pungent odor of the mil itard Mower. In the region of which LoutpOC is the centre 2,a00 acres are devoted to the industry occupying tho attention of some J.Ml farmers. One of the pecu liarities incident lo the cultivation of muslr.rd is thai no farinei employs himself exclusively ingrowing it. be cause of Ms absolute refusal to yield two successive crops from the same soil. The mustard fanner must there fore alternate his crops, and ho usually does so by pulling half of his land m beans, barley, corn or beets, while the other half is given over to mus tard, and thus a change in the soil be comes regular. What principle Of the soil is withdrawn by this peculiar sauce piquant is a uvystory thai science has not as yet solved. The Lompoo Valley lias been in the business id raising mustard for eighteen yeais, the farmers taking their cue from the abundance of wild mustard round on the hills and in the valleys of Santa Barbara County, and the success of tllO early devotees Stimulated others to follow in their wake. 'The best results are now secured from land lying in the middle of the valleys and along the hanks of the Santa Yucz River, The soil is dark and almost without grit and the heavier soil is preferred. In the cultivation of mustard much water and dampness are necessary and one thing that con tributes to the success of the Lompoc district is its close pioxiinily to tin- sea, and the heavy logs which roll in every evening are equivalent lo rain, giving the soil the coldness rcouircd. The sowing time for the brown va riety is in January and March for tho yellow. TllO ground Is brokotl and cul tivated, after which the seed is sown broadcast, four pounds to the acre. The mustard stalk is straw color, growing from foill to live foot in height ; the pods are from 1 to l inches in length, containing one row of seeds only. In harvesting the crop n reaper is used, cutting the stalks and throwing them in hunches, where they are loft to euro until October. They are now thoroughly dry and are transported to some, central placeand spread old upon large sheets of canvas, where the Stalks and pods are. rolled with a heavy roller until crushed, after which they are raked off with hand rakes. The chaff anil seed remaining arc run through a fanning machine, whhh separates till the light und loose mate rial, and the seed is ready lo sack and ! m irket. Mustard is the. greatest among hor In;, | but the least among seeds, and its use] and annual consumption is becoming greater each year. San Francisco is the distributing pmnt and much of the product is slipped to the Kasf and Middle. West. No farmer need sit down and ex pect someone to furalsb him a roady? made system or plan of Conduoltng his farm. 11c must make it himself. President McKinley has appointed Thursday, 29lh inst., Thanksgiving Day. OA3TOJEIIA. Beara the II* Kind You Have Always Boufilil TU HKS INDICATIVE OV KINDS OK SOIL. To Iho initiated ihoro arc do tests so good to dolormiOQ the qualities or the soil 08 the wild growth. The object ions to chemical analysis a- a method of learning the nature and qualities ol the soil i< that it is loo special and ex pensive. A portion i?i soil may he taken from one part of a Held which will differ materially from thai taken from another part, The blowing down of timber by Biotins, the accumulation of vegetable matter in low places, the situation and exposure of the land all oxer' a modifying iulluonco upon the character of the soli. Were two chem ists required to make analyses of tin soil of a particular Held, and om: should, by chance, get his specimens from the subsoil oxposed t<> Iho surface by a blown down tree, and the olhei should gel his from the spot where Iho body of the tree decayed, they would make quite different reports as to the coli? Stltuonl elements of the soil. And yol iioih would be strictly accurate as re gards the elements of the soil which they analyzed. The dillit ulty nriSCS from Urn impracticability of getting a specimen of soil that represents cor rectly the average quality of Jin extend ed tract of land. No chemist can tell by analysis only whether a Held is pro ductive or unproductive, and the science of agriculture has received a check because men of science have asserted tOO positively their nbilllv to determine questions into which more, conditions outer than were thought of, and which must bo mot by oilier methods. There are, however, unerring indica tions by which an uneducated man .nay judge of the capacity of Ibe soil. Among these indications there are none which can he relied on with more certainty than the wild growth. Na ture is always true to herself, and never commits any error. She displays her symbols of abundance or signs of distress. We know, for instance, that green briers and sweet gum mean soils low in productiveness, but green briers without the sweet gum are sometimes met with on good soils. Had soils rath er than poor soils are the teachings ol those two growths taken together. An acid, bluish subsoil, with stand ing watei through the winter and in the summer pan bed to chalky white ness, is the habitat ol water oaks, swamp maple, green briers and sweet gum. Such lands, it drained and limed, would probably make meadows or grow cranberries. Hy some it is supposed to be good for peach trees, but the c uipactness of the subsoil would make them short-lived. The (Irst-clasa tobacco soils in Ken lucky and Tennessee may hi known by the growth of blackjack and scrub hickory, with an undergrowth of dog wood, hazel ami black rum. 1 >og Wood, and more especially pawpaw, are always indicative of good lands. It should he slightly undulating, with an admixture of blackish red pebbles, an argillaceous rock with tossil remains silicificd, but still retaining a trace of phosphoric acid. These pebbles, rest ing on limestone, form an admirable, natural drainage ami make the land much wanner, thereby hastening the growth of the tobacco and giving it a silky loxtun and fineness which are rarely found in tobacco grown on other lands. This character of soil also produces ibe finest COttoil, and renders the plant comparatively free from blight. The land of most general utilit y, and which always responds most killdiy lo the husbandman in all staple crops (ex cepting pi i haps peanuts), is known by the growth of poplar, si gar trco, beech and while oak. with .111 UlldclgfOWlh ol dogwood and pawpaw. Th s is the very best laud also lor blucgrnss, and in the "real blucgrnss n gions of Ken lucky and Tennessee these trees are the characteristic growth. Wild cherry, black walnut, yellow poplar, ash and beech, with an under growth of dogwood, pawptlW and blackberry, are indications of the very best alluvial soils, and for corn Old hay cannot be excelled. Upon Blich land Cotton and tobacco make too much stalk. Tobacco is coarse and cotton matures loo late. Wheat d008 well in in a dry year upon such soils, but is apt lo lied when there is much rain or wind. In all wheat lands I here should be sand enough to render the soil mellow, and hence some of the best wheat lands have masses of chert un derlying llicni. Among Iho poorest soil (1ml not the worst, because they may bo improved) arc those known by Ilm blackjack ami post-oak growth. These lauds are mostly level, intersected by numerous wet-weather branches, and produce a coarse, barren grass, resembling broom sedge, upon which cattle (feed dringu the Slimmer. This grass is poor in nutritious matter, and grows so thin that it poorly protects the. land from the rays of the sun. i The common blackberry brior (minis villosus) is indicative of good land, but, strange to say, it will flourish on the poorest soil, gathering fresh strength each yoar. It is a powerful fertilizer. The roots penetrate deeply ii to the. subsoil, letting in the air and extract ing therefrom fertilizing elements which are brought to the surface and retained by the mulch which the leaves form around the. bush. The red, galled lliilsido that are too oftOll found in the South can be quickly and cheaply re el unied by setting them out with blackberry bushes. They enrich, shade and protect the land from wash ing, and supply a berry that is growing i in demand and commercial importance I every year. Wo know of no plant I superior to tl 8 a fertilizer except rod clover, and Oli very thin soil it is even I superior to clovor.?-So. /''. Magazine, I 'ink Dougherty, lieutenant in tho 17th infantry, has written a Idler from the Philippines, in which ho says the Filipinos are far more capable of sell government than the Unbans. Lieut. Dough lory's judgment is based upon a knowledge of both people. lie was in Cuba throughout the Spanish-Ameri can wai In tho 3d United States cav alry and bas been in the Philippines during the present insurrection. He is said to be an intelligent, educated gentleman, a keen observer and has t ounce I bis conclusion as the result of careful and mature investigation. t**\Kind Powder Absolutely Pure Makes hot breakfast-breads wholesome?no yeast germs, no alum. Makes cake, biscuit and pastry of superior fineness, flavor and deli cacy. Makes food that will keep nroist and sweet. Is most economical, because it is the purest and greatest in leavening strength. In the easy, expeditious preparation of the finer cakes and pastries, Royal is indispensable. Care must be taken to avoid, baking powders made from alum. Such |K>wders are sold cheap, because they COSt but a lew cents per pound. Not only will they spoil the cake, but alum is a corio sive acid, which taken in food mean:, injury to health. ROYAL BAKING POWDEH CO., 100 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK. THEORY AND l?KAOTICB. A wan I of the union of theory and practice in the culture of the farm has created a prejudice in the minds of al most all farmers in regard lo what is called book farming?that a man who habitually studies farm journals and j newspapers is most sure t<> fail when j ho comes lo the practical details of the farm. That then; is some ttulh ill I th? statement is candidly admitted, Bays tin' Southern Farm Magazine. All have, known men who could talk or write llucnlh on agriculture, and yet Were failures on the farm. Tills arises from two very natural causes. First, a man who is thoroughly conversant .vith the theory of agriculture, and with those sciences which have a natural af linity lo agriculture, such as chemistry and geology, has most probably spent I ho greater portion of his life 1U the student's cell, and has never tried to learn the practical details of farming, just ;h a military man may he a marti net in the drill, and yet fail in the more important work of directing the storm of battle. In the second place, men of great executive ability and of practical skill in any pursuit ate seldom wedded to theories, and arc morediligeut In ob serving than in studying. Hence it often happens that a most snecessful fanner is unacquainted with the pri mary principles of those sciences upon which agriculture seems to rest, and while he can lell by inspection what will grow hot on this held or that, will probably he unable t<> tell whether the soil is siliceous, argillaceous or calcare ous. On the other hand, the man of theory can analyze and tell the com ponent parts of iho soil in any given locality, and yet he unable to select those spots that will produce the best cotton, tobacco or corn. The truth is, the theorist deals too much in generalities and tbo practical farmer too much in particulars. The knowledge of both should be united to produce the greatest results. h was the union of the two that enabled the farmers of Scotland on their barren moors to realize more handsome prollts than are made by the farmers in the richest valleys of the New World. It is the union of the I wo that has in creased the production of grain in En gland an hundred-fold 1:1 the last cen tury, and it will be the union of tin: two that will in tin future make the WOl'llOUt Heids of the South again, con IribtllO to the wealth and sustenance of a great people. Theory united with experience and practice will always in sure SUCCtss. (iovcnior Savers, of Texas, speaking of the reconstruction of (ialVOSlOD, said to an interviewer in New York the other day : '? I think that much can be done looking to Iho safety of tho new city, bill 1 do not believe that there will be a repetition of the fright ful hurricane that visited us. If a storm of such awful proportions should strike this city it would utterly wreck it. You do not appreciate here the tremendous strength of tho elements as it was shown at Galvcston. No safe guard of human construction could have withstood it. Hut such a storm is not likely lo come again ; we have little fear of that." The COltOll industry of the South has now 4,801,32U & pi lid los In activ e opera tion, and during the prcsoit year 1,418,'197 more will be added. Germany leads all other countries on the continent in cotton consumption with ^71,400.000, Prance and Russia logcthor equalling 805,200,000. THE YOUNG SOUTHERNERS. Sound advice to young Southerners was given by J'rof. Frauds II. Smith, of llie University of Virginia, to the last graduating class of the Virginia Military Institute. He traced to the early South the tilings which art" best n tho South of today, dwelt upon the outlook for youth generally, and coining down to his own people, said : " 1 would impress on the young tuen of the South that we live in the choic est of all the centuries and in tho choicest of all the lands of this century. America is the best country in the world, and the South is the best part of America for a young man. Our favored land has no titled aristocracy to pre-empt the best places, no grooves of custom to direct ami confine his en ergies. In our own happy section the same industry and talent are more quickly and more generously rewarded than in the more crowded and 1 hustl ing ' communities of the North and West. 1 have often thought that half the push and effort necessarily put lorih by the young Southerner who settles in the West, with slow returns often for Iiis toil, would have made bun a rich nun in his native State. Young man, go not North (that may be ox cusnblo in a young married couple on their bridal tour) ; go not West?that ad vice was meant for New England boys. Stay where you are, and begin life with the capital of good-Will left you by your parents and the heritage of their honored names." There is a heap of truth in these words. In the wreck which followed the war young Southern men could hardly be blamed for seeking a com petence in other part.-; ol the country. Bui tunes have changed. Now the South, emerging from its tremendous dilliculties, is not only demanding that its young men shall abide at home, but is beckoning with attractive finger to those who have grown up alar and also to the men not lo the manner born. There is work to be done in the South ?work of building or developing (owns and cities, of extending rail road lines, of uncovering rich minerals, ol utilizing limber resources and of diversifying and advancing agricultural interests, This work should be don*; by S? ulhorncrs. They ought to be best quahlicd t'> reap its beneficent rewards.?Soutlu rn Fnrni Magazine, Mrs. Lizzie Doty, of Mexico, Mo., has just won a curious lawsuit brought against her by a Arm which manufac tures bronze monuments. Some time ago she ordered from the. plaintiff a $38 I bronze monument, lobe erected on the grave of her parents, with this inscription : " Tho Lord is my shep herd, I shall not want." The engraver made it read "foor" instead ol "want," and Mrs. Doty refused to pay the bill. The lawsuit followed. The judge in structed the jury that if they consider ed the inscription to bo a material variance from the words of the Psalmist they should Und for the defendant and they did so. >l A new express company will ooolf enter the Hold in the South," says a dispatch to the New York Commercial, " and it is said, will he a competitor of the Southern Expross company. Tho names of the organizers aim those con nected with it cannot yet be given out. They have ample means at their^coin mand and arc already successful man agers of other big corporations. Tho Company Will have a capital of $.5,000,4 000, somo of which will be froin'*tho South, though a large majority of tho money^will^como from4Ponnsylvanla?'j' The practical side of science is reflected in A monthly publication oi inestimable value to the student of every da; scientific problems, the mechanic, thu industrial expert, the manufacture! the inventor - in fact, to every wide-awake person who hopes to bettor hi condition by using his brains. The inventor, especially, will find in Th Patent Record a guide, philosopher ami friend. Nothing of importanc escapes the vigilant, eyes of its corps of expert editors. Everything is pr? Rented in clean, concise fashion, 80 that the busiest may take time to real and comprehend. The scientific and industrial progress of the age is acoufl atoly mirrored in the columns of The Patent Record, and it is the onfl publication in tho country that prints the oflicial news of the U. S. Patefl Oflico and the latest devclopcments in the Held of invention without fefl Or favor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICK ONE 1)01.1.AU PKlt VBAR. ffl THE PATENT RECORD, Baltimore, Md* I