UHR NEEDS OK OU? FARMERS. Hub . . ?ifNBOKO IS TIli: DK8T KAUM HAND ?TUE WAQF.8 SY8TKM IS'I'll K IIK8T WAY TO EMPLOY IHM. The following address was made by Mr. F. J. Merrlam at the summer meeting of the Georgia State Agiicul tural Society, and it is worth reading by every farmer in the South : Mr. President and Fellow Fanners: I am well aware that this question of farm help is one winch agitates your minds for a considerable portion of the year. It agitates my mind all the year round, sometimes with con siderable violence,as we keep between ten and twenty men employed all the tune. This mattet is, however, one of very great Importance, for it means your bucccbs OV failure in many in stances. (Jan 1 get sufliclout help to work my farm properly ? Will they be etlicient? Will they work for my in terest? These arc questions which arc of constant recurrence, and while their successful solution depends in a great measure on the supply of avail able help, it also depends largely on the ability of the farmer himself, to manage this help. With us at the South the question of farm labor is essentially a question of negro labor. There are some among you, 1 know, who would like to see the negro cleared|out of the country ; but if lie wcic, who would take his place? Probably you think you could cultivate your farms yourself, with what white help you could pick up. And this is abrjt what it would come to : Von w( uhl have to depend almost entirely or. your own efforts until llie foreign clement came in to take the place of the blacks?a calamity 1 trust we shall never lie called upon to endure. The South is today almost the only part of our country which is truly American, and I hope we shall learn to keep it so. You go North, and in city and coun try you hear almost any language on the globe spoken, except the English. It is true that the North shows a larger agricultural wealth than the South; but this is not because they hire white help, but because of the greater enterprise and education of the land owners. 1 tell you, I can take my ne groes and do as much or more work and do it as well as with any lot of white men you can pick up. Von take the black man and pay him wages, than expect him to earn them ami he will not disappoint you. The negro is the natural labor of the South, and with the proper management he can be made to pay. I have had some experience in the employment of white help, and this ex periencing has not been encouraging. The first white man I hired was John son, 1 believe. We gave bun ?0 cents per day and his board. He was about the longest waistcd man 1 ever saw, and the way he could hide provisions was a caution. I remember he had recently recovered from an attack of chills and fever. If you ever had the chills jou know what an appetite a man has when ho is in the convales cent stato. Well that man ate uniil he actually could not work. Then we had John ?ruilSOU, an En glish peasant. John was a very good hand, but slow, and when I tried to hurry him up one day, he told me if I did not like the way he worked 1 could give him his money, which I immedi ately did. After this wc were fortun ate in obtaining a bright young nun from North Carolina. He was a hust ler and knew how to get over work, and a very nice fellow all around, the only trouble being that he was soon offered a better job with a larger sal ary than we could afford to pay. Since we moved to Georgia I have hired negroes exclusively until last year, when a white man came to our place from the city looking for work, lie had been out of employment for a long time, except for a few odd jobs, and was in a doplorably destitute con dition. 1 was in need of help at the tune and thought it only fair that a white man who was willing to work should have an equal show with the negroes. So I decided to give him a trial. He and his two boys worked fhstrato for the fust month or two, until they recovered from their hun ger, as you might say, and he bought a few new clothes and some furniture. Then I found that my man had been drinking when 1 sent him to the city with vegetables to sell. Reports, not the best, of Iiis character had come to me, and I determined to nave a talk with him. I told him of the reports, hut also that so long as he treated me straight I would give him a chance. I also told him that 1 knew he had been drinking, and while I did not propose to dictate to him in any way, still if his drinking intetfeted with my busi ness he must sec that I should not be able to keep him. Things went along better after this until one day I heard that the family had been taking vegetables without permission. Then one of the boys stopped work in the middle of the forenoon and lied to me when accused of it. So I turned him off, when, to my surprise, the old man got mad and asked for Iiis and the other boy's money. So off they went, and have been living from hand to mouth ever since. Wc have one white man who is tolerably respectable, but he is a poor farm hand and cannot begin to hold his own with the negroes on the place. Ho is one of the mild kind who stand around and seem to forget what they are doing. Hut he is honest, and this covers a multitude of shortcomings. Since this man has been witli us he has been bringing in his relations one by one. First there came in a cousin, a smart young man, who stayed with us about six months and then obtained better wages than we could pay, and an opportunity to learn a trade in the city. Then ke brought down his brother, one of the gawky boys from the mountains who look at you with their mouths open. Wo gave him a trial, but he would not do. He did not evon know how to work. Wc had one all-round good white man, but ho had the misfortune to save a little money, and he is now try ing to throw it away in the grocery business in Atlant?.. It is the strang est thing what makes a young man, as soon as he has made a little money on the farm, want to run to town to spend it instead of investing it in the coun try, where it would be safe and bring good interest. This young man was honeet, a go',d worker, quick and intelligent, and if I could get enough like him I might he willing to part with my negroes. Hut not otherwise. Even then 1 should bate to do it, for I am proud of my boys?as I call them. They aie very r .ady and Willing to do anything to pleaso mo ; always cheerful and un complaining w.hen asked to do little extras or work over time. When wo "get in a tight**?as the old farmer said?they wdl rush like lighting Uro if nocessary to get things in shape, without thinking about their pay and measuring overy little act to fit the dollars and conts they may think them WOrlh. When you get n while man to do this I want to nee him. Your black man lives in u cabin near the house, wliere y<: i cnn halloo at him. When you want your horse hitched up Sunday morning you call out: 'Here, Moses, catch up my horse, will you," and shortly the horse comes around well-groomed and slimy, with Moses holding him, hat in hand, and smiling as you come out. You may give him a cigar or toss him a nickel, you may not give him anything ?it is all the same to him. Tho ?'boss" wants his horse, and that is enough. How different With your white man. If he is where y?>u can get at him, you say : "Mr. Johnson, will you bo kind enough to hitch the bay up to the buggy ?'' and Mr. Johnson goes about the task moodily, muttering that he wasn't hired to wait on people. Mut when pay day comes, be expects all these little extras to be settled for. You may run off your negroes if you will ; but for me, l will keep miuc for a while yet, for 1 consider the negroes, Oil the whole, very much superior ns farm laborers lo the class of while men you will be able to hire. We have negroes on our place who can do anything in our garden or farm, from running a seed sower or mowing machine to setting out plants and pre paring vegetables for market, and do it as well as 1 would myself. They live in homes on the place and board llioruselvos. 1 made up my mind when I married that my wife should never ruu a negro boarding house, or white one, cither, for that matter, and I have never had reason to think other wise. We hire our men by the month and pay them cash. They like to have their money to spend as they please. It makes them feel that lliey are fret ting something for their work, even if they do throw it away as fast as they make it; it is theirs to spend as they please. We find Ibis very much more satisfactory than issuing rations, or giving orders on the store; for when you do this, thc men are apt to feel that they are being charged too much and become dissatisfied. The farm labor question is really as much a question of employer as of employee. What the South needs is men to put brains into the farm and manage it like any other successful business, so as to make it pay. Then employ the mass of ignorant labor who arc at present trying to crop, but who are incapable of managing any thing successfully, and pay them cash. The trouble down here is we have al lowed these people to boss themselves until they arc about to starve to death and ruin us into the bargain. This is the kind of emigration the South needs, practical men who come here prepared lo purchase farms, and who arc capa ble of working thom successfully when acquired. A large portion of our inhabitants will always be incapable of managing their own affairs successfully. This class must necessarily work for wages, and it is thc duly of the intelligent Southern land owner to so manage his faun as not only to make money for himself, bid to furnish profitable em ployment for the labor of bis locality. It may be easier to sit on the front porch reading your paper while your renters manage for themselves, but you neglect your duty to yourself and your neighbors when you do it. While I am on tho subject of land lord or employer, 1 want to s.:y a few words to thOSO people, who love help. Do you ever have any I rouble with your hands ? If so, whose fault is it? Yours, or the hands? One. of the best hands on our place is a man who my next do.)i neighbor could not get along with. It is not alsvay an easy matter to put yourself in the other fellow's place and to see things from your hand's standpoint. Mut it has one great advantage. It helps him to see things from your standpoint. Did you ever think of that ? To treat others as you would like lo be treated your self, is wonderfully good policy, my friends. 1 had a friend once wdio went into the dairy business near me. lie was a very nice fellow, but quick tempered, and was always having trouble with his help. If things did not go just as he thought they should, he would get mad and tire into I he hands. The men would say something that he could not take, and thc result would be that the men would be discharged. In this manner his help dwindled away until ho finally had lo give up thc business. It is indeed a gift to know how to manage men successfully, but the ne gro, if you understand him and treat him fairly, is the easiest managed of any race I know. Naturally of a sunny and easy and equitable disposition, he is easily led, and becomes greatly at tached to his white folks after he has been with you a year or two; especially if you are doing well. He will brag about 'our slock and our crop," as if they belong to him. He docs not work altogether for pay. If he likes you, templing offers and higher wages will not induce him to leave, and if he docs dislikes you, no amount of money you can offer Will hire him. To manage the negro, or any other help for that matter, you must first know your own business thoioughly, and be able to tell exactly what you want done, and how you want it done. Hands have no respect for an employer who hesitates when giving his com mands and is uncertain how he wants them carried out. Mc cheerful and pleasant with your men, without being too fa.nilliar, and above all do not fret, for this ruins your own disposition as well as your bands. It puts the ne gro in a sullen state in which condi tion little or nothing can be gotten out of him. If things go wrong ex plain as clearly as possible exactly what you want done. If the offense is repeated correct your man sharply, but without showing temper, and let him understand that if you have to speak to him again about the matter, you will havo to dispense with his ser vices. It he wants to stay with you, there will be very little trouble. I have seen men who were continu ally discharging then hands and hiring new ones. They went on the theory that a " new broom always sweeps clean," and for them a man seldom worked well lor more than a mouth at a time. I have always thought that there must he something radically wrong with fliese employers, and that the Iro'.ble w is not entirely with the men. My own experience lias been very different from this. The longer we keep n man, thc better hand ho be comes. That is, if there is anything at all in him. If not we drop him pretty quick. I have men who havo boon with mo over six years, and thoy arc tho best hands on tho place and earn the most money. This is as it should be. After a hand has been with you a few years he learns your busi ness and your -way of doing work. Then jou understand each other and know just what to expect. I am reminded hcic of another ad vantage tho negro has over the whito farm hand, I. o., lie is satisfied and cou (eulcd with his position, nuil for thi ren <>h you aro able to keep htm. Tho Amorlcnu white man, ami l am do ox* ccpllon to the rule, myself, Is novor satisfied with anytldng. I ihink the uogro race is hoginuiug to understand it> positiou for the pres ent at least, is essentially an industrial position, and that the while man ca pable of running the govorumoni with, out his assistance. Lot tho negro per fect himself as a lahorer ami bo con tent to build up his position, and make it substantial, by beginning at the bot? torn. In conclusion, I have a few words to say to the laborer. Whatever your line of work, whether you be a carpen ter, a brick layer or a faun hand, study your work. Do not be content with simply putting in time and drawing your pay. Every laborer should re ceive something outside of his wages, through his increased knowledge of his business; but to do this, he must put his mind on the work, and constantly try to improve. The world is demanding better and more intelligent work along every line, and it is willing to pay for it. If there is a young white man iu this audience reduced to the necessity of stin ting as a farm hand, let him not despair of making a place for himself in the world. But do with his might the work nearest his hand, while constant ly striving to improve and tit himself for something bettor. The effort will not be in vain. He will not be with out his chance. TRUE ECONOMY IN PEltTI L.1ZIN0. PART I. Krom The Cotton Plant. It is not always those who spend the least for fertilizers wdio fertilize most economically, not even when and where stable manure, clover, cowpeas, and other leguminous crops, that ?"?n be raised right at home, and withe mi parativoly no cash outlay, arc the whole and sole dependence. On the other hand: it is not those who spend m )8t for fertilizers annually who fertilize most economically and we might add? most intelligently. Economical fertilizing is the most scientific of fertilizing, and yet, at the same tune, it is, at once (he simplest, and most common sensible plan that can be studied up. Economical fertilization and what is known as the intensive system of eul I lure go hand in hand, are inseparable ami the one can hardly he put in prac tice without tho other. Economical fertilization demands tho raising of one's own needed supply of uitpogon by means of the leguminous crops, as clover, cow-pcas, etc., light at homo, on the farm and even on the very spot of ground where it is needed, saving all unnecessary expenditure of money and also cost of hauliiu . At the same time that one can, by the raising of leguminous crops, raise all the nitlOgen they want to ; the fact should be continually borne m mind that nitrogen is really and truly all that is actually gained by the raising of clover or cowpeas, or indeed any of the legumes. Not only do they fail to fur nish cither phosphoric acid or potash, but they arc, one and all of them, such greedy consumers of these two impor tant substances that, wherever and whenever these two latter arc not judi ciously and regularly applied, the land finally becomes so badly impoverished that it is utterly incapacitated for the growing of even cowpeas or clover; and we may safely add, of any other culti vated crop. Wc mention this tact for the reason that so many of our brother fanners sow clover or plant cowpeas, without making any application of either phosphates or potash, and lind il.eir yields increased possibly a hun dred percent, thereby, that they then and there conclude that it is well enough to let well enough alone, and that in their case at least, the applica tion of phosphates and potash is un necessary. it is hardly necessary to add that in every instance they lind out their mistake sooner or later, and it is very apt to be sooner ; a continual sowing or planting of the legumes ami without a liberal application of both phosphates and potash regularly applied is not an economical method of fertilization, but on the contrary, is Btlfllcicnt if persist ed in of impoverishing any soil. It should be borne iu mind that ni trogen compounds are the most expen sive constituents of commercial fertili zers, and if we can maintain our needed supply of nitrogen and even increase it which can readily be done if we so determine by means of clover, cowpeas or other leguminous crops, or by barn yard or stable manure or cotton seed and purchase such phosphates and pot ash as may be needed, we will have accomplished a great saving and will have inaugurated a system of econo mical fertilization that cannot pos sibly be excelled on the score of eco nomy. The sowing or planting of legumin ous crops, wildcat the same time omit ting the application of phosphates and potash, is a species of one sided fertili zation and no system of fertilization that is one sided can possibly be made permanent ly profitable. While on the subject of one sided fertilization, we wish to call attention to a system of fertilization that has be come altogether too popular, we sup pose on accouut of its cheapness. We refer to the use of phosphates alone, and indiscriminately, for all crops, and on all soils. This is not an economical system, but on the contrary, the very reverse of it, for the reason that If per sisted in, it eventually leads to barren ness and absolute jtorility. Now let us examine into this a little and see if wc cannot find out how this sterility is brought about. Phosphates contain but one plant food, viz. phos phoric acid, now if the application of phosphates alone increase the yield of a crop say 25 per cent, more potash and phosphoric acid and nitrogen than if no fertilizing agent had been applied, hence it has actually impover ished the soil to the extent of amounts of potash and nitrogen taken from the soil by said crop. It does more than tins, ccid phos phate consists simply of finely ground lime-phosphate rock treated with about an equal weight of strong sul phuric acid. This sulphuric acid com bines the lime-making lime-sulphr.te, gypsum or nlnd plaster, so that it forms nearly one half of the total weight of the acid phosphate. That without its application would have ^. maincd insoluble; hence, acid phos phate supplies phosphoric acid direct ly and Potash indirectly and hence again phosphoric acid gets credit for the increased yield when it is often times not entitled to it, nnd n grent dcui of it was actually duo to tho pot ash so liberated. Anyhow the soil is deplotcd to tho extent of amount of potash so liberated. Now no possible ob jection could bo. brought against it or its use no matter 1 how much plant food it might set free, ! if only thoro wore inexhaustible stores of said plant food lo draw from, but i unfortunately lu tho South at I oast,' tins is nut the Ctt'O, and moro ospcoi* ally in the sandier portions of It, We are well aware ol the fact thai there are soils scattered about here and there over the country that are dcllci enl, some in phosphoric Held, sonic in potash and some in nitrogen, and some in each and all of these equally valu able, equally important, and in fact, equally ludlspeusablo fertilizing sub stances. Now it stands to reason that, the most economical system, that could possibly be pursued in fertilizing these widely dissimilar soils would he to ?n\ t(.i supply, correct or make good any and all known deficiencies in the soil itself; ami second, supply each and every crop planted with plant food specially adapt ed to its peculiar requirements and in such quantities as shall insure maxi mum yliIds whencvci othor intluonc ing or controlling factors are favor able. This is economical fertilization, it is in fact the most economical system of fertilization that can be formulated or at least, in the present state of agricul tural science. It would be just as reasonable to put a pair of green goggles on a horse or cow and undertake to fallen thotll on pine shavings, UUdortllQ belief that you were furnishing them with an abundance of excellent forage, as it would be to undertake to make a good crop of any description when fed on phosphates alone, or potash alone, or on nitrogen alone. All three sub stances are needed in Ihe making of a good crop, all three are equally impor tant, all three are as absolutely indis pensable, the one as the other ; and the animal can he made to thrive on pine shavings just as easily as the plant can he made to lilt IVO on phos phates, when used to the exclusion of moie. suitable aliment. Q, II. TUKNEIt. Durgoss, Miss. WILL COTTON 00 I1IGHKH ? The. hope of a higher price is caus ing some farmers who are in position to do so lo l- at their cotton. They argue thai by mis jlirso they can lose nothing, tor, the crop being short, the price is almost certain to stay as high as at piese.nl, with the possibility of its reaching a belter figure. The New York Cotton Exchange men profess to think little of tho move ment among thc farmers to hold their cotton. They say that such movements have invariably failed, because the cotton growers are so numerous that it is almost impossible to get concert of action among them. If the price should drop, they argue, many would make haste to sell, fearing that a much greater drop was imminent. The llaloigh News-Observer has some Interesting advice to give on the subject. It says : " If a hundred thousand-dollar cot ton mill can afford to shut down in or der to get cheap cotton, a one-horse cotton farmer can afford to shut down in order to prevent selling his cotton at a saoriUco. " The light for low cotton by the spinners 18 on. They will win the light if the cotton farmers rush their cotton lo market. II the farmrs holde most of their cotton ami keep down re ceipts, they will win their light for high cotton. The price of the cotton is largely based Oil comparative re ceipts ; the price will go up. II they let the cotton buying world see big receipts, the price will go down. ,l If the farmer sells his cotton for less than it is worth, his loss is com plete, and he is a permanent loser. If the cotton mill man has to pay what cotton is worth, ho may be troubled for a few weeks, but he and his asso ciates can put up the price of tho pro duct of the mill and suffer no perma nent loss." In the mean til I1C the crop is being rapidly gathered, and the indications arc thai it is being marketed in about the usual way. * * * ?? -? Tho Land O' the Sky. MouiitaniB that climb to thc blue l>end on high? Lakes where thc Stars see their selves in the sky ; Violet valleys of beauty and love, Where earth seems so (dose to the Heaven above You can hear the faint echoes of seraphim feel And (be musical beat Of the hearts of thc angels?thc sonpa they repeat In their cadences sweet! A wild world of mountains that drift into dreams: The ripple of rills and thc dashing of st reams 'l'hat sing to the sea! And thc beams and thc gleams That lure you to gardens of beautiful dreams! Of beautiful dreams that have lifted your soul To the thunder's high roll! Where you sliu from life's care, ami its curse and control With the joy In your soul. Ood crowned with old glory these moun tains; Ho planted The sky-reaching hills in these valleys en chanted : These streams in the hollows by mystery haunted? These oaks that still wave their green ban ners undaunted. And dare the storms thunder! . . . and paeans of praise Mountains??rivers, still raise To the Heaven above them, while rose seen ted ways Wreathe thc beautiful days! 0, land of all beauty ?loved Land of the Sky. Where Love breathes" Good morning," and never " good by !" Where song on each wild wind in melody roves Ami times the bright steps of tho gods of thc groves' The rose of the morning is white on thy breast; Thou art orosvned ? thou art blest From the seas to thc cast and the seas lo thc west With thc rose*wrealh of rest! V. L. H. Battery Park, Asheville, N. ('. Of tho twenty live Presidents of the United States, all but one have been of lb it i-h family origin. Fifteen, headed by Washington, came of English slock. Three, including that James Monroe Who gave his name to a doctrine, had Scotch ancestors. One, Thomas Jef ferson, inherited pure Welsh blood; while live others traced their lineage to Scotch-Irish ancestry. Farmers take or send to the Slate Fair, Oct. l2!)lh to Nov. 9 thc fruits of your labor, that you may not ex claim as many have done every year: "I can beat that." The State Fair will pay the freight on all exhibits raised or produced in the Stato shipped by railroad, released. Arrange your plans early to attend tho 32d Annual State Fair at Columbia, Oct. 20th to Nov. 2d, inclusive. The man who milks good cows is apt lo take betler care of cows and milk than he who milks poor cows. Experience and observation nie our best tcachors, hence the importance of visiting the State Fair. Koop plenty of cloan pure water whero tho fowls can easily got it when ever they want it. TIT.I.MAN ON THK It AM I*AOtv I he Senator linen Mm INtohtork In Illinois He M?k?'M Charges of Dor* i rttpitoil A^nhiHt >lcKlnl.y ami Hanna. The St. L mis til >bo-Democrat prints the following special from Carroll too HI , giving BJme oiioioo extracts from Senator Ttllmao's speeoh In that city : "A pitchfork is h mighty handy thing to have around. It is good to handle hay with: it is good for straw and grain; it id absolutely necessary to handio?(a pause) -manure. 1 don't como hero to abuse Republicans or the Republican party as a body, hut In talking about some of the notions of their 1'rcsidont I shall be compelled to use a pitchfork, because 1 don't like to us.; my lingori in It." Thus Benjamin Lt. Tlllman, of South Carol loa, made hid opening impression upon the grand Democratic mass moot ing at Uarrollton. Ho was cheered vigorously. This iH one of the Democratic strong holds of Illinois. The attendance was large, TheSenator said: "This Is the most homo like audience I have ad dressed since I havo boon among the Northern people." Ho went on to ex plain that his former speeches had hoen iiiado in cities and towns where he hadn't that hoino-llko feeling that he had when ho talked to farmers. "I am *? 'sriuer pnro and simple, ' tku Sen ator aald. "That is tho reason tho word pitchfork is attached to inu." And then tho Senator sprung his manure joke. Tho reception of It seemed to in creuao his home like feeling, for ho let himself out as he had not done, previous ly In any of his speeches in the N >rth. One of tho statements with whloh the Suna'or opened wide tho eyes of the Democrat!", farmers of Illinois was his bald assertion that Mark Hanna had raised $2,000.01)0 or $3,000,000 from tho j armorplato makers and was using It in tho campaign. "I was on the naval commlttoo with William K.Uhandlor," tho Senator said, "and I know some thing of tho armorplato business. Thorn aro two concerns in the country which make this armorplato?Carnegie and tho Bethlehem. We bad a con tract on which wo bad boon holding them live years. We had boon keep ing them down to $.'100 a ton. This year, on the last day of tho session of Con gress, Mark Hanna took charge of l*. He went in and ordered his henchmen to givo authority to the Secretary of the Navy to make a contract for armor plate at what bo saw Ii;. Twelve Republican Senators who had stood .vith in before fell down and voted to give Carnegie and Bethlehem this con tract f-.r $17,000,0<)0 I'll swear that Mark Hanna, to tho best of my billef and knowledge, bad an agreement with those t.vo lii ins to give him $J,000,000 or $3,000,000 for the Presidential cam paign. So you see you send men to Congress to vote for contracts whloh furn sh the money to buy our votes with." S >ine of Senator Ti Hindu's declara tions about bribery and corruption wi ro reckless even beyond his luua! freedom of speeoh, "There, are a great many millions of good Republi cans," said Senator Tlllmau. "Ti e only iroublo with tiiem i- they ar.. wrong up horc." The Senator tapped bis forehead. "I can Bay iqually," he I conti 'Hied, "th it. some of our I) >niO0r&t8 j are wrong up here." The Senator tup I peil his domo again. The crowd laugh ud and waited for the application. "I j wish to say of the 15 000,000 voters who : will march to the polls In November I I 000,000 aro ^o narrow an.) partisan tin y would see you in had. s before ! they would vote for tho p.trly other ? than the one they belong to. 'They are ; R publicans and Democrats beciuse ' they were born so. There ar. 7,000 000 I M;oh Republicans. There aro 7,000,000 i of such Democrats. Therefore, I am making my appoaU to tho independent voters, to those, wi'.h sulliuloot intelli gence to vole for what lUey boll ovo to be for tho bi at Intorc its of ins country. 1 want to make an app< al to the Inoe* pendent voter, bteuu?- his vole, even if he VOtOS for a dollar a day, counts for jusl as much as the vote of John I). Rockefeller; that la if John 1). Rjcko fell ;r's million- can't lind some infern al scoundrels amoug theso dollar-a iiay fellows to buy." ''No stream can rise higher than Its Bource," the Senator wont on m acula ? 1/ alter his aatonlsblng loft-handed lick at the dolhtr-a day man, and be gan to taik of corruption In Congri "I wish you ctuld see. those fellows who sell themselves in Congress a-< I have seen them. I havo not seen Die money actually passed, but If I had been on a jury it ml hud had tho evidence before me ns I saw it I would Ikivc found them guilty, Senator Tlllman quoted from Presi dent McKinley'a letter of aoceptance tho passage declaring the duty*Jmpos ed by honor toward tho Pullitppinos, "That means," said tho Senator, "the President will rely upon Murk Banna's money to buy enough votes to enslave you and your children for.?vor." This was the Sena er's starter on the sub jeet of imperialism. He proceeded: "Douglas and Lincoln went up and down this Slate. Douglas contended that when wo said govornm nt derived its just poweri from tho consent of the governed it w .?> intended to le .ve out the nlggc e. Lincoln .iaid it .. da :he other way. The North aroso en masre in 1800 and sided with Lincoln's views. And now you's got 10,000,000 niggers down South to projlok on, to ex reise your Ingenuity on. Hut you are turn ing them over to us to shoot and kill. How will you old soldiers, who march ed through South Ca.olina, and didn't leave anything but tho chimneys stand ing, answer the Confederates you killed when you mceftrhein up yonder, and they ask you, Well Johnny, how are things ? You'd havo to say the Repub lican party now say's Douglas was right and Lincoln was wrong. You've got to go to Cod protty soon and answer for your votes. "Tho moat damnable piece of dla hon -r," said the Senator, in speaking of tho Philippine policy, "Is that wo have betrayed them. We have disgraced our Hag and the republic. Now, wo call tho Filipinos rebels. Wo say we aro carrying Christianity to tho islands (Jod havo mercy upon tho Christian who hopes to miss hell by such doctrine as thai. What Is liberty '.-"' Soi ator Till,min asked. "My Idea of liberty is to lot me. run my business to suit my self, and to keep your mouth and hand out of it. Why la every Stato in tho South opposed to this iniquity ?" he asked. "Uucause you shot it into us and now we want to tell you if you propose to voto it out of us, we'll sco you in hell first. "Mr. McKinley refused to receive tho Ho r onvoys except as private c.itl /. ns because ho was afraid of offending hia friend John Bull," the S >n;itor as Hertel'. " And vet t hoy toll us that tho Connana and the Dutch arc going to vote for this d?d cowardly Republican party." Senator Tlllmati's homelike fooling stayed right with hloi foroveran hour duet before be concluded ho nald to tho Illinois Democratic fanners: "I've told you nothing but Cod's honest truth, if any mun cornea along and says ituiu't so, tell him I say ho lies, and l eau prove it." Tho Senator concluded amid mild applause. the Growing of wheat. Prof. Jns. i'.. Ilunnicult,of Georgia, who contributed on interesting article ou alfalfa t<> one of our rcccni Issues, writes tho following valuable hints on wheat growing lo nil exchange, and as ibis is a Bubjcct of unusual Interest lo our readers at Ibis time, we are glad to repiint this letter as follows ? This is the greatest <>f all the bread crops. We should study its nature and adaptations so thai we can address ourselves to wheat growing intelligent ly. Wheat generally means winter wheat. Spring wheat is only adapted lo limited localities. Winter wheat is a biennial plant. It requires part of two years in reaching full maturity, it needs the fall <>f <>"e year ror root de velopment, and the spring of another year for seed development. As root development must COIUO llrst, this is the most important part for us to look after. if this is perfect, then there may be a full seed crop. But if from any CUU8C tho root develop ment is incomplete, tho gram will be cut short. sowing rilK UltAlN. We now see that the manner of sowing the grain is very important. Thc roots must have limo and room and food, or they will not reach full growth. The tune should he about six months, and hence should begin as early as practicable in fall, so as It; reach the greatest possible growth be fore mid-winter checks llicm. Septem ber iu most of this country would be the best time, all things considered. Hut local conditions often change this. The Hessian lly must be considered. If we sow loo early Ibis liy may cause great dtllliagO and sometimes complete ruin. They are much worse where there is grass upon the land, and much less troublesome alter any crop that has required clean culture. Ileuce it is often a matter of great importance what crop to follow. Cotton gives the best possible preparation for wheat. Out the cotton crop does not mature early enough, hence many prefer to follow corn, Peas are better. They leave the soil in excellent condition mechanically, and store away ammonia lor the use of the wheat. A clover sod is the best of ail rotations. I'KKl'ARATION OK soil. ItKDS. Wheat roots desire to go down four and one-half to live feel in the earth, seeking water and food. This they will do if the hard pan is btoken thoroughly. Deep plowing and sub soiling and repeated harrow!ngs will all pay. The cultivation must be done before sowing tin- seed. A deep mel low root bed is id' prime Importance. 11 the soil bed is perfect the danger from rust is almost entirely avoided. If to this deep and thorough prepara tion we add a liberal use of acid phos phate and potash we have an ideal seed bed. Various experiments show that this is a Vital point in successful wheat growing. In a bod thus predated the roots of wheat sown in September anil early pari id' October reach such a wonderful development that there is little danger of winter Killing. The roots are so numerous, deep and strong thai they will resist successfully the power of frost. Again, the lop will be so far advanced as to furnish a good covering over tho soil. This green covering keeps the soil warm. Wheat thus sown will have four times the loot development of wheat sown in November. I'm the South Ibis is a matter of I)ist importance. ?ii. i (Tino SIC KD. There is a great difference in the yielding power of different varieties of wheat. Rust is the great enemy. Hence, n rustproof variety should be secured if possible. The further South WO go, thc greater danger from rust. At present the "lied Amber" and "Turkish lied'* seem to be lenders along this Hue. Too much can? can not be given to this point. When ready to sow, the seed should be wash ed in very hot water, or in a solution of bluostouo, so as to destroy smut, spores or germs. Sowing with drills seems to be growing in favor. This helps p. protect the young plants against frost. Hut we rather think the chief advantage comes from the bet tor preparation of soil secured by this plan, together with greater uniformity of depth it. covoring Hie seed. PEKTiLIKIXO. The manuring should be done broad cast and thoroughly Incorporated with the s