Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BRYAN AND STKVKNSON. THK DUMOORAHO NOMINKK8. The Convent Ion 1'ut forward Two KtroitK Cuniiiiinii"! anil a Moat Vig orous Flat form. The Democratic convention mot in Kunaaa City on July I'm and v.u. culled to order by Senator .limes K. Jonoa, of Arkansas, chairman of the national committee. Con^rcn-man .lainea I). Klchurdaon, of Tennessee, waa perma nent chairman. The Doclaration of Indepoudonco wua read amid great I enthusiasm. On Thursday, William Jennings Hryan was nominated by acclamation for president and the next day, Adlai K. StovonBon, of Illinois, vice prosident under Cleveland, was unanimously nominated for vice president. Tho platform was read by Senator Tlllman for the committee und is at follows : Wo, tho representatives of tho Dem* ocratlc party of tho United titates, as sembled in natloual oonvontion, od tho anniversary of the adoption of tho Dec laration of Indepedence. do re-aQlrm our faith In that immortal proclamation of tho inallable rights of man and our allegiance to the constitution framed In harmony therewith oy tho fathers of the Republic. Wo hold with the "IJuite'u^**'?- Supromo Court that the Declaration of 'rndop?GuCr.?Sr Ii spirit of our government, of which the constitution is the form and letter. We declare again that all governments instituted among men derlvo their juut powers from tho cor.sont of tho g<>' erned ; that any government not br.eeu upon the consent of the govor jtJ .s a tyranny, and that to impose upon any people a government of force is to sub stitute tho methods of Imperialism for those of a republic. We hold that the constitution follows tho Hag, and de nounce the doctrine that an executive or Congress, deriving tholr existence and their powers from the constitu tion, can exercise lawful authority be yond it, or in violation of it. We as sert that no nation can long endure half republic and half empire, and we warn tho American people that impe rialism abroad will lead qu'okly uud inevitably to despotism at home. THIS PORTO H1CAN SCANDAL. Helleving in these fundamental prin ciples, we denounce tho Dorto Rican law enacted by a Republican Congress against the protest and opposition of the Democratic minority, as a bold and open violation of the nation's organic law and a flagrant breach of tho na tlonsl good faith. It imposes upon the people of I'orto Rico a government witl out their consent and taxation without representation. It dishonors tho American people by repudiating a solemn pledge inado in tbeir behalf by the commanding ircnoral of our army, which tho I'orto RioaLs wolcomod to a peaceful and unresisted occupation of tholr \ar.ii. It doomed to poverty and distress a peoplo whoso helplessness appeals with peculiar force to our jus tico and magnanimity. In this, the tirat act of Its imperialistic program, tho Republican party seeks to commit tho United States to a colonial policy, inconsistent with Republican Institu tions and condemned by the supreme court in numerous decisions. WE MUST NOT CHEAT CUBA. We demand the prompt and honest fuliiltnent of our pledge to tho Cuban peoplo and the world that the United States has no diapoaitlon nor intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction or control over the island of Cuba, except for ita pacitication. Tho war ended noarly two years ago, profound peaco reigns over all the Island, still tho ad ministration keeps tho government of the island from ita people, while Re publican carpet-bag otllciala plunder Its revenues and exploit tho coionlal theory to the disgrace of tho American peoplo. SHAME OP THE FILIPINO WAR. We condemn and denounce the I'nil ippino policy of tho present adminis tration. It haa involved the Republic in unnecessary war, sacrificing the lives of many of our noblest aona, and placed tho United States, previously known and applauded throughout tho world as tho champion of freedom, in the false and un-American position of crushing with military forco the ef forts of former allies to achieve liberty and aolf-government. The Filipinos cannot bo citi/.ena without endanger ing our civilization ; they cannot be subjects without imporllling jur form of government, and, as wo are not willing to surrender our civilization or to convert tho Ropublic Into an empire, we favor an Immediate declaration of tho nation, vi/. : tirst, a ?table form of government; second, independonco, and third, protection from outside in terference, such as haa been given for nearly a century to tho Republics of Central and South America. The greedy commercialism which dictated the Philippine policy of the Republican admlniatration attompta to juatlfy it with the plea that It will pay, out even thia sordid and unworthy plea falls when brought to the test of facts. The war of criminal aggression against tho Filipinos, entailing an annual ex pense of many millions, haa already cost more than any possible profit that could accruo from tho entire Philip? pine trade for yeara tocotno. Further more, when trade is extended with the expense of liberty the price Is always too high. EXPANSION AND IMPERIALISM. Wo aro not opposed to territorial ex pansion when it takes in desirablo ter ritory which can bo uroeted into Btates In the Union, and whose peoplo are willing and tit tj become American citizens. We favor expansion by ovory poaoo ful and legitimate m?ans. Hut are un alterably opposed to seizing or pur chasing of distant islands to be gov - erned outside tho constitution, and whose peoplb can never become citi zens. We are in favor of ex'.ending tho I republic's- inlluonco'^'n.fnong the na tions, but bolievo that intluenco shcul? be entonded, not by forco and violenco, but through tho persuasive power of a high and honorable example. The im portance of old questions now ponding before the American people is in no wise diminishing, and tho Democratic party takes no backward step from its position on them, but tho burning issue of imperialism, growing out of the Spanish war, involves the very ex istence of the republio and the destruc tion of our free institutions. We regard it as tho paramount issue of tho cam paign. THE MONROE DOCTRINE. Tbo declaration in tbe Republican platform, adoptod at the Philadelphia Convention held In June, 1U0C that the Kopublioan party "dteadfast\y ad heres to the policy announocd iivtho Monroe doctrine," la manifestly umhv cere and deceptive. Thia profeaal?a coutradiotod by the avowed policy of tii'' party, in opposition to tho spirit of Monroe doctrine, tc acquire and holii sovereignty over largo ureas of terri tory aud largo numbers of people in tho Kastcru hemisphere. We insist on the strict mantalnanco of tho Mon roe doctrine and in all its integrity, both in letter aud in spirit, as uoooa sary to prevent the extension of Euro pean authority on this continent, and as assontial to our supremacy In Amer ican affaire. At the huuio time wo de clare that no Amorican people shall ever bo held by force in unwilling sub jection to European authority. We oppoao militarism. It means conquest, abroad und intimidation and oppression at home. It means the strong arm which has ever boon fatal to free institutions. It Is what mil lions of our citizens have tied from in Europe. It will imposu upor our peace-loving peoplo a largo standing army and unnecessary burden oi taxa tion ai.d a constant menace to their liberties. A small standing army and a well disciplined State militia are amply sjtlici.nl in timo of peuce. Tin. Republic has no place for a vast mili tary servico and conscription. When thu nation is in danger the volunteer soldier is his country's best defondor. Thu national guard of the United States should over ho cherished in the patriotic hearts of a frou pco plo. Such organizations aro ever an element of strength and safety. Kor thu first time in our history and cooval with tho 1 Philippine conquest has thoro boon a wholesale duparturo from tho time-honored and approved system of volunteer organization. Wo dunounco it is"h?-American, un-Domocratlc and un-Republican.VuiT ?S 3 -ubvursion of thu ancient and fixed principles Of ? free people. i RUSTS DENOU NCED. Private monopolies are indefensible and intolerable. Thoy deatroy compe tition, control thu prico of all material and of thu tinlshud product, thus rob bing both producer und consutnur. They lessen the employment of labor and arbitrarily Ux the terms and con dltlona thereof, and deprivu individual oncrgy and small capital of thuir op portunity for butteriiiont. They aro thu most cflicent means yet devised for appropriating the fruits uf industry to thu bunetit of thu few at tho exponsu of tho many, and unless thoir insatialu greed is checked all wealth will bu aegrugated in a fow bands and tho Republic destroyed. Tho dishonest paltering with tho trust evil by thu Ropubllcan parly in State aud national platforms is conclusive proof of tho truth of thu chargo that trusts aro thu legitimate product uf Republican policies ; that thuy aro fea tured by Republican laws, and that thoy aro protected by thu Republican administation in ruturn for campaign subscription and political suuport. Wo pledge tho Democratic party to an unceasing warfare in nation, State and city against p ivato monopoly in every lorm. Kxio.ing laws ugainst trusta muat be unforced and moro atringont onea must be unacted, provid ing for publicity as to inter-Stato com murcu, aud requiring all corporations to show, buforu doing business outside of tho Statu of thulr origin, that thoy have no wator in thoir atock, and that they havo not attempted and aro nut attempting to monopolize any branch of businoaa or tho production of any articlca of morchandieo, and thu whole constitutional power of Congreas over inter-State commorco, thu mails an? all modus of lntur-Stato communication ohall bu exorcised by tho enactment of comprehonalvo laws upon thu subject of trusta. Tariff laws should bu amend ed by putting thu products of trusts upon tbe free list to prevont monopoly undur tho plea of protection. Thu failure of tho prcaont Republi can administration with an absolute control of tho branchoa of thu national govornmont to enact any legislation designed to provont or even curtail thu absorbing powor of trusta and illegal combinutiona or to enforco the anti trust lawa already on tbo statuto books, proves tho insincciity of tho high bounding phrases of the Republican ^'atform. Oorporattona ahould bo protected in all thoir rightaand thoir legitimate in toreats ahould bo respected, but any at tempt by corporations to interfere with tho public affairs of tho people, or to control tho sovereignty which croatea thorn ahould bo forbidden undor such penalties as will make auch attempt Impossible. EVILS OF PROTECTION. We condemn the Dingloy tariff as a trust-brooding moaauru, skilfully cle viaed to give tho fow favors which they do not deaurvu, and to placo upon thu many burdunB which thoy ahould not boar. Wo favor such an culargomont of tho acopo of thu inter Stute, commorco law aa will enable tho commiaaion to pro tect individuala and communitlea from discriminations and tho public from uujuat and unfair transportation ratea. SIXTEEN TO ONE. We reaffirm and endorBO tho priooi? plea of tho uatlonal Democratic plat form adopted at Chicago in 181K>, and wo reiterate tho demand of that plat form for an American financial ayatom by tho American peoplo for thomaolvea, which 9hall restore and maintain a bi metallic price level, and as part of Buch ayatom tho immodiato restoration of the free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at tho present legal ratio of 1(1 to 1, without waiting for the aid or con sont of any other nation. Wo denounce tho currency bill en acted at tho last session of Congross as a stop forward in tho Republican pol icy, which aims to discredit tho eovor elgn right of tho national government to Issuo all monoy, whettmr coin or paper, and to bestow upon national banks tho power to issuo and control the volumo of papor money for their own benefit. A permanent national bank currency, secured by government bonds must havo a permanent dobt to rest upon and If tho hank currency is to increase with population and busi ness tho debt must also lncroaso. The Republican currency scheme, is there fore, u scheme for fastening upon tax-1 payers a porpotual and growing debt] for the benefit of tho banks. We are opposed to this private corporation paper circi lated as money, but without legal tender qualities, and demand the retlromont of tho national bank notes as fn9t as this government paper or silver certificates can be substituted for them. v I POPULAR ELECTION OF SENATORS. Wo favor un amendment to tho Pod oral constitution providing for tbe oloctlon of United States Senators by a direct vote of the people, and direct legislation wherever practicable We are opposed to government by injunction ; we denounce tho black-list aud favor arbitration as a means of settling disputes botwoen corporations and tb ir employees. In tho interest of Amerioao labor and I the uplifting of the worklngman as the corner-stone of tbe prosperity of our I country we recommend that Congress create it department of Inner in change of a secretary, with a iai in tbe cab (not, believing tbat the elevation of tho American laborer will bring in creased prosperity to our country at homo and our commerce abroad. Wo aro proud of tho courage and lidelity of the American soldiers aud sailors in all our wart; we favor liberal pensions and we reiterate tho positi >n taken in the Chicago platform of 181?li. that tho fact of enlistment and service shall bo doomed conclusive evidence ugaiuttt diseaso and disability before enlistment. TUB NICAKAUUAN CANAL. Wo favor tho Immediate construc tion, ownership and control of the Nicaragua canal by tho United States and wo denounce tbo insincerity of the plank in tho national Kjpublieun plat form for uu Isthmian canal, In tbo face of tho failure of tho Kjpublieun major ity to pa.- - tho bill pondujgin Congress. Wo denounce tho Hay-Pauncefote treaty as a surrender oi American rights and Interests not to bo tolerated by the American people. STATUS TO UK ADMITTED. Wo denounce tho failure of the li e publloao party to carry out its pledges to graut statehood to tho Territories Arizona, Now Mexico and Oklahoma, and wo promise tho pooplo of thoso Territories immediate statehood and homo rulo during their condition us Territories, and wo favor home t ule and a Territorial form of government for Alaska and I'oi to Rico. Wo favor an intelligent system of improving tho arid lands of the West, Storing tho waters for purposes of irrigation aud tho holding of such lands for actual settlors. Wo favor tho continuauco and strict enf?rbeUiGut'Cf- V?? Qhlneso exclusion law and ito applioattOB?to Lhe Jjaune classes of all Asiatic races. SYMl'AVll Y WITH TUE UOEKSi Jefferson said : "Peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations: ontanglinir alliances with nunc." Wo approve this wholesome doctrine and earnestly protest against tho Rjpubli cau departure, which has involved us in socalled world politics, including tho diplomacy of K.iropo and tho in trigue aud land-grabbing of Asia, and wo especially condomn the ill-conccai od Republican alliance with Kogland, which must mean discrimination against other friendly nations and which has already stilled tho nation's voice while liberty is being strangled in Africa. Believing in tho principles of sclf govornment and rejecting, as did our forefathers, tho claim of monarchy, wo viow with indignation the purposo of Kngland to overwhelm with forco tho South Africau republics. Speak ing, as wo do, for the entire American nation, except its Republican office holdors, and for all freeruon every where, wo extond our sympathies to tho heroic burghers in thu unequal strugglo to maintain thoir liberty t>'id Independence. EXTRAVAGANCE DENOUNCED, Wo denounce tho lavish appropria tions of recent Republican Congresses, which bavo kept taxes high and which threaten tho perpetuation of tho op pressive war levies. Wo oppose tho accumulation of a surplus to be squan dered in such barefaced frauds upon tho taxoayois as thu shipping subsidy bill, which, under the false pretence of prospering American shipping, would put unearned millions into the pockets of favorite contributors to tho Repub lican campaign fund. Wc favor tlio reduction and speedy repeal of the war taxes and a return to tho time honored Democratic policy of strict economy in governmental expendi tures. Bolioving that our most cherished institutions aro in grout peril ; that tho very existence of our constitutional Republic is at stake, and that tho de cision now to bo rendered will deter mine whether or not our children aro to enjoy thoso blessed privileges of freo government which havo mudo the United States great, prosperous and honored, wo earnestly ask for tho fore going declaration of principles the hearty support of tho liberty-loving American people, regardless of pre vious party atliliations. HRYAN ON THK ISSUES. The Democratic Leader Statea His Views On the (.Hicstlons of tho Hour. In tho Juno number of the North American Review, Lion.oWllliam J. liryan, tho candidate of tbo Democ racy for president, discusses the issues of t?.e approaching campaign. Ho bo gins with theso words : "Tbo lssuo presented In tho cam paign of 1U00 is tho lssuo botweon plutocracy and Domocracy. All tho questions under discussion will, In their last analysis, disclose tho conllict botwoen tho dollar and tho man?a conllict as old as the human raco, and ono which will continue as long as the human race endures." Pr?m that point the issues of the curroncy, trusts, and imporlalism are discussed vory i.>uch in the satno way as when Mr. Bryan was addressing au diences in different parts of tho coun try, with tho exception that tho collo quial stylo glvoe place to the dignified one of a magazine article. Mr. Bryan Is vory impressive in speaking of tho cost of war. Having quoted from Benjamin Prunklln's lot tor to Lord Howe tho remark, "To mo it soems that neither tho obtaining nor retaining any trade, how valuablo soover, ie an object for which men may justly eplll each other's blood," Mr. Bryan uses with great offect Abraham I Lincoln's beautiful iettor S coodolonco to Mrs. Blxby, of Boston, "che mother of tivo sons who died gloriously on the Held of battle," and adds : "No more boautiful expression of sympathy can bo fo> \ in lltoraturo. Compare it with the sordid consolation whloh an Imperialist would extond to a sorrowing mother, assuring hor that tho trade purohased by her eon's blood would bo worth all that It cost!" Mr. Bryan makes a telling point w ten he says : "Ono of tho groat objections to im perialism is that It destroys orr proud pro-eminence among the nations. When the doctrine of self-government is abandoned, the United States will cease to be a moral factor In tho world's progross. We cannot preach the dootrlne that governments como up from the people, ard, n.t tho samo time, practice the dootrino that i-<? v ernments rest upon bruto force. Wo j canuot sot a high and honorable ox-' amulo for tho emulation of mankind while wo roam tho world like boasts of prey seeking whom wo may de vour." Mr. Bryan says that if tho ltopubll caus had acoepted tho Bacon resolu tion, Introduced in the Sonate, its pas sago would have avortod war with tho Filipinos and saved tho blooi which has been shed In that needless conflict. He concludes with Umso Impressive words: "Tho warning voloo of history can not longer ho disregarded. No nation lias ever traveled so far, in tho same space of time, from Democracy to plu tocracy as has this nation during the lust ten yer.rs. Foreign Inlluence, do scribed by Washington as 'one of the most baneful foes of republican gov ernment,' has boon felt as uuver be fore. Wealth i as been concentrated in tho hands of a few tucro rapidly than ever before. Corporate capital exerts an inlluence ovor government more potent than ever before for cor rupt elections. "What is to bo the end ? Can any thoughtful person bellovo that those conditions promise well for a republic? Are wo not following in tho foot stops of Uomo, as described by FroudeV " 'To make money, money by any means, lawful or unlawful, becamo tho universal passion. Money ! Tho cry was still money ! Money whs tho ono thought, from tho highest Senator to tho poorest wretch who sold his vote in tho Comitia.' ' "If it la said that wo aro prosperous anil that wo Hvo undor tho reign of luw, lot the render review tho lecture delivered by Dr. John Lord, a Con necticut scholar, on Homo in tho days of Marcus Auroliua. After describing tho conditions which cxlated whon 'about two thousand people owned tho whole clvill/.ed world,' ho saya : " 'But I cannot enumerate '.ho ovlla which co existed with all the "wasted prosperity of tho emplro, aad which wero preparing tho way for ruin?ovlls so disgraceful aud universal that Christianity made no iinprcaaion at all on aociety at largo and did not modify a law or remove a single object of scandal.' "And again " "la thcro nothing to be considered but external glories which appeal to tho senacs alone ? Shall our oyea be diverted from the operation of moral law auci luC inevitable conacquoncea of its violation ? Shall wo mi?d ourselves to the future condition of our famine. and our country In our estimate of hap piness? Shall wo ignore, in tho daz zling lifo of a few favored extortion ers, monopolists and succebsful gamb lers, all that Christianity points out as hope and solace and glory of man kind ?' "Instead of regarding tho reeont as sault upon constitutional government ?tho uttemptcd overthrow of Ameri can principles?as a mattor of destiny, wo may rather consider it as tho last plague, tho eluylnV of tho first*born, which will end tho bondage of the American people, and bring deliver ance from the l'huraohs who are en tbioning Mammon and debasing man king." WEATHER AN1> OROP REPORT. Weekly Bulletta of the Weather Bu reau for tiouth Carolin?. COI.UMUIA, S. C, July :i, moo. During tho week ending v u. in., July 2d, tho temporature averaged normal, and ranged between a maxi mum of 1)7 and u minimum of (Id de grees. It was extremely favorable on growing crops. Heavy rains prevailed during the first part of the week, and on June20tb. In tho southeastern, northeastern, und northwestoru counties tho amounts for tho week ranged from I to <> inches, while widely scattered localities had less than an Inch. Tho average for tho State was 200 inches. This following tho previous week's rainfall, rendered the ground too wet for cultivation gen erally, and, In connection with tho high temperature, caused gruss and weeds to grow very fast, bo there is general complaint of foul crops. Locally bottom lands wero over Mowed and crops de stroyed, and lands were badly washed and gullied. Tho outlook for -staple crops, over a large portion of the State, Is reported very poor, but In tho Con* garee and lower Watereo valleys, over a largo portion of tho 1'eo Deo soction. and in portions of Lexington, Hdgellold Saluda and Greenwood counties crops are unimpaired and promising. Dry weather and sunshino are needed for cultivation and to cloan holds. Locally high winds damaged corn and fruit trees. Upland corn Is generally in good con dition, but sumo is turning yellow and firing, while practically tho whole crop lacks proper cultivation. Much corn was destroyod on bottom lands by overlljws. Late corn on stubble lends is doing well. The general condition of cotton is poor, on account of too much moisture, lack of cultivation, and the provalenco of lice. Somo Heids have beeu aban doned, or plowed up und planted to peas, whllo tho complaint of grassy fields ia now general, except as to sea island, which is in excellent condition. Cotton on sandy lands looks sickly. In tho western portions much has not boon chopped to stands. It is goner ally small, and not fruiting well, al though rocontly Is growing nlcoly and hloomlntr froolv. Tobacco improved, but ia rlponlng alowly, delaying cutting and curing. WormalcBB nuraoroua. Wheat in shook waa badly damaged by tho ralna caus ing aprouting ; thrashing progresses alowly, and 1b not much more than half liniahed. Rica is thriving. Many peaches, grapes, and tomatoes rot aa they ripon. Cane, pastures, gardens, and sweet potatoca aro nourishing. Melon vinoB aro blighting and suffer ing from excessive moisture, alluding both tho quality and quantity* of the yield. ?An old brick housn near Gothso mano, Ky., Is considered beyond a doubt tho oldest brick building in tho State. It waa built by C-apt. Samuel I'ottlneor, a pionoer ' vn Maryland, In 1780, and has Intel .or woodwork, doors aud frames of ?olid walnut wrought by hand. Tbo calls, locks and binges wero hand made products from Virginia and tho plaster wss made with butTalo's hair. ?It la fluid that Daniel A. Uay, wno has boon appolnto.i United States mar ahal of ilawall, will aoloct lor hia chief deputy hia daughter, who now holda a government poaltlon at Washington I paying $1,200. Her exporionco In thla work, It in claimed, haa thoroughly equipped her for tho duties of her new poaltlon except the servlco of some papera, which her father will.perforn himself. OUR OKKATK8T flPKCIAMHT. f Kor 20 ycara Dr. J. Nowton llnthawaf1 haa no buccosi fui]\ treated chronic (liflcar1 ch that ho ia acknowledged today to Rtni#( at the head of hie profcsRion in this liils Ilia exclusive method of treatment ni Varicoccle and Htricturc, without tno sJh; of knifo or cnutory cures In 00 por cont all cases. In tho treatment of iho loa? ( Vital Forces, Nervous Diaordera, Kid?'' and t'riuary Oomplaiuta, l'aralysia, IlItT'11 Poisoning, Rheumatism, Catarrh, and f"r oaaea |>onuliar to women, he ia eqiflwi auccessful. Dr. Hathawny's practliflr I moro than doublo that of any other M-r i laliat. Cases pronounced helpless by ?)(IU physicians readily yield to his treat* Write him today fully about your 1* He makes no chargo for conBUltatf^rni advice, either at ids oitlco or by m*vil?ls c .!. Newton Hathaway. M. I),, 22>? lx>ar hroad street, Atlanta, Ga. flieoji AS 8KKN BY AKT Tlit) Heathen Clilnoe mil His Tricks That arc Vain. How fast tho earth is shrinking. How far away was China when we old men wero boys. It took a throe-years cruise around t1*e-world to find it, and evoj then our inercbantnien only touched at tho ports and learned but llttlo of tho vast unknown interior. Her Iramcuso domain was set down at livo and one-half millions of square miles, being oue-tenth of the habitable globo and nearly twice tho area of tho whole United Statos. Her population was in 181)0 500,000,000 and ia now prob bably 000,000,000. Uer government for at least 11,000 yeara has ooen one of rev edition--, internal broils and changes of dynaaty, but it has stood aud stili atanda and no doubt will continue to Btand. Travolers toll ua liiat tho stag nation and ignorunco that has loni* been charged upon China do not ex ist; that they aro an industrious, peace loving people, and ull their troublca como from outaidura. 1 was ruminat ing about this China business and thu war over tnere und the cable dispatches that come In iv day, fur wu had an old tlmo dlbtrlct school in our tuwn last night aud old Mother Folton and my self wore tho two youngest soboiars, Sho had on a draw-string frock and a pair of pantalettes and was sucking1 a stick of molasses vandy, and I had on a shirt und one paUus und a pair of breochet that come 0.0wn nearly to tho top of my blue home-made socks. She was Becky and 1 was BUI. Wo belong ed to the Infant class and hud to stand up and spoil "ha" and "beo" and "bo." Becky cried beoause she couldn't spell "ax " and had to RO foot. I oonsolated* her all 1 could. Kir by Anderson was tho smallest boy In school and the laruost dunce. He was in geography and said China was as big as BartOW County, und that's how I come to rumi nate about China. All that I over learned, afeoutkCh^? I ft- .uy g eug"..".;; u> was that I'ekin wa ||ts capital and tin* people were all hedtlion and eat rats, and there, was a gnut wall around the entire country. Ou book makers ought to have known buter for Marco l'olo bad traveled all our that country and lived there for twoty-four years and was made governors! a large province, and ho says ho nuvtr mingled with a better people. Coiucius gave thorn laws 2 ??0 yearaagcthat they still rev orenco and obej. K;tuilies are faithful to each other aid cilldren are taught to obey their piren? au long as they livo. Confuciul hat sucli reverence I for his mother tlat lo mourned for her 1 for three years whin she died. How many sons dojhatln this Christian country. Of enrse they have some reec traits and tistoms that seem very bad to us, but (ioy aro not maiicious nor scllish nor Ue they revengeful un less wrought uuo it by had treatment. Our Christian U\>ple massacred ?UU of them out West few years ago for no crime hut booaU! thoy were, in the way aud wanted wjk and accepted it at less wages. WO over saw a more harmless, indurious people than those scattered Chipuen who are found in almost every wn and village in this country. Korhirty years I hayo ob served them I my travels from Vir ginia to Texalnd never heanl a com plaint. Bettll and gambling is a na tional aniusennt, but it is on a limit ed scale anduakes nobody rich or poor. It do4't compare with our i stock gamblf or high rolling on steamboats ojontucky poker among tho bloods. Jever saw General John C. Hreckinrifs but once, and that was at a faro banfa Richmond during the war. Colond'owors took me in there to show mo fw tho thinjr was done and to our s|>riso Urocklnridgo was doinir it. But tho jl't crime against China I wits the inunction of opium from India by thfOgliah. This begun in 1810, and ir?s Imd gotten up to7,000 ehuals. Inf in end in vain did the emperor 11 Ids counsellors protest and plead.fhoy saw that tho opium habit was rending and ruining their people. y8."'8 it had increased to 24,000 Obel and its importation was btopped prce Of arms?and 21,0i)0 chosta weelzed and destroyed. This brought / war and tho Chinese gov ernment/ to pay $21,000 WO for the opium ofeyed, for its value waa $1,1)00 rfest. Then a treaty was patohedland the opium business in creased/ 74,000, chests in I8d0. 1 wondor^t it ia now. Hut tho Eng lish m(?nta now pay a duty, but that apt* to aovoral millions of ?dollarafmlly. What will not Johnny Hull dt|money ? No wonder China men hp susploion of ali foroignors and a Jempt for our missionaries. TbeCfse authorities passed a law agaln?ting opium and gave it a deathpity, but it was smuggled in all tivnti and they doclared that not epnddha could stou it. I No tu that groat Huddha, my reudldls mo that tho common peo ple d OX press any groat adoration for liur faith in him. As Dr. John son r'ked to Hoswoll, " it Is ncces eary very nation tohavu some roll Ugh lothor thoy understand It or no^ hence tho superstition of the rjhi >as takon t old of Duddha as tho thoy can do. I hit this unknown Quijfailud thorn so often In groat prnJcies they have no unwavering fnpfhim. And yet there are over I Qf ]>rlests In tho empire who nu/ucggarly living out of Buddha* (BI|tiddtia has given thorn a little j/,J ovorythlnp. Everything that cols tholr tomporal welfare; noth Injtho heart or tho immortal soul. TP not believe in either. Thoy HJt there Is no future life, but If (1 ? then good conduct in tills life Jsuro safoty in that. If tho rice drains, they appeal to the god of Jlf the drought continues long, ?rag tho little rain god out on his 11 und lot him stand in the bum pi until it does ruin. Thov want lb aeo and-fool huw but it is. If Lin cornea too much and laata too JJund tho rlco ia sprouting in tho I thoy get their tqulrt guna and Ih tho rain god ovory day until Ji;i tho pour down. Wo ought to [had him ovor hero thla .luno and \\iv Chinamen to work on him. t the government?tho govern L of 000,000,000 of people does not half na muoh ae oura, with about 0. 000. The por capita tax ia about nts, and all taxes are paid In rlco. a haa no bonded dobt. No revonuo whisky or wlno for nonq ia dia 1 or drank. Nothi..g la in her way lace and contontraont savo forolgn ,nd opium. I do not know what the ?y of the emporor or om prosa Is, but darios are small. Tho prince who i succeed tho emperor gets only 00 por annum. Thon thnro are aands and thousands of otlfclals in y province, from tho governor 1, but their pay, is small. A BOld n tho standing array gots but $4 mult h. That array Is composed of 1 1,000,000 of men. Tho omporor io abltrary powor. He rauBt eon to the laws and must advleo with ablnet, and behind all is tho groat d of control that represents the lo and is made up of two or more learned and good men from every on - vlnco> Tins board doe& not act often j or on trltles, but when auy grout einer I geney arises they moot at l'ekir. and i their word control- tho omporor and everybody else. That is not a bud gov , eminent, is it ? The emperor is entltl* I ed to an empress and two other wives, who aro culled queens. If tho empress leaves no sou, then a son of a queeu is taken, but nobody knows which son until tho emperor dies, for Confucius i said that if the young man knew that ho was chosen it might muku him ar-1 rogant. Another poculiar und democratic provision ol tho constitution is that the nobility shall not always bo nobility. Kvery generation is reduced In rank and power down to tho seventh, and then they become as tho common peo ple. This keep the uobllity on the down Krude und keeps the government from being overrun by a pampered ar istocracy. That's good. Yes, it Is better, thun the English law of primo geniture, which gives all tank and the home estate to tho eldest son and tolls i tho others to go to grasO. 1 saw a num ber of the graSS fellows in Klorifl? I on tho whole, I like the Chinese government and I have respect for tho people. Hrel Harte wrote : "Thai for ways thai are .la--k Ami tricks that are vain, I ho heathen Chinee nee ill ir " Yes, 1 expect Bret was trying to win their money and they won his This is enough of geography. I havo written it .'or Klrby Alder SOU and llert Morgan and their sort, l'aul Akin called our little grandchild to come out on the verandah and kiss htm good night. She hue au on her night gown and said to her mother : " Mamma. Paul doesn't knrv any bet ter, docs he ?" There are agood many big school boys who knOV ao more about China than Klrby. BILL AUF. THE EMPRESS DOWAGER. How Iho fVrcat Woman <d' China' Disposed off Her eV>n. Boston Transcript. Shanghai, China May l ?(Special Correspondence.)?-1 have liad un inter view with Mon. 1). Poketilow, the manager of the Russo-Chlnsse bankol i'ekin, who for a score v' years has been a prominent figure n China. He has recently returned frodn a trip to Petersburg?the Russians do not say "St." 1 'otorsburg. tasked him what lie thought of the iibsu a roes America had received about ta "Open door" in China, and he replied] "The negotia tion does not amount tf that," snap ping his lingers, 'f OBUUOt imagine how serious statesman ran consider it seriously. The assjiaiiccs aro good until it buits one of/the nations to ad vance on China ; thn they will have no force whatever.f 1 asked about 4 < future of China, lie Bald : "Chili will be u second Africa. There Is/no help for it. It would need manw 'oter the (J rents to make China a streu: nation, und China has not even one treat man." I asked him why, In his i^ nd, China's dismem berment did noy occur immediately. He replied thatinis was a case where oriental diplomacy vas temporarily suc cessful. "They lake advantage of Eu ropean jealousleh and play one nation oil" against antjlier, and uro really more successful! iian wo are. Hut they know it only deptys the en J." Tho reign off terror for tho reform ers bus been a/uin inaugurated by tlie enterprising fowagor. The first of March, Mr. Kit Lionshun, tho head of the telegraph ?.e ministration, was cap tured in MnwtO, tlie Portuguese city on tlie Oblou coast. The next day Messrs. Wenk and Shen were taken near Soochow. These and other prom inent reformers are orlored killed as soon as captured, bat in each caso the local olliolal Boem afraid to order the execution of men so much their supe riors in rank. Tho disturbances in .North und South China are in no way quieted. Tho China Mail ^ya that since tho murder of tho two iritish commissioners in Yunnan las', month word lias come that an Kngli-di 1 issionary in that province was brutal.; assaulted by a Chinoso general and his soldiers, tho bystand ers shoutinr ! "Ho ought to have been killed outright." "llo ia only an Eng lishman." 'His country is not a strong one, liko France, and car.not protect him." Tho North China Daily News pub lishes a statement! which it assorts is "perfect!) reliable," from a eunuch in tho imperial palace in 1'ekln. This eunuch was present at the Interview hotweon tho empress dowager and the Emperor Kuang Hsil when ho signed his own abdioation decree?January 24, 11)00. This account lets In a Hood ol light on the palace Situation, and is related by a eunuch "who stood around with ink slab and pen for tho emperor to use, while the empress herself held out the pen to him." His majesty hud boon brought from his pi ison-paiaco to moot Iiis aunt. Ho hesitated to take the pen, "hut an Imperious stamp of tho right foot and those piercing, monacing eyes of the empress dowagor frowning upon him sec med to enthral and fascinate tho emperor." "With a groan and a gesture of despair" he linally signed the ready prepared doc ument, "and the empress dowager tri umphantly snatched the 'decree' from her nophow's band. Then a sudden change occurred, which those around hor were too accustomed to see to be atartlcd or astonished at. Tho em pre; dow leer's face became instantly BUlTasod with smiles, her eyoa became soft nod jonovolcnt, and she was all kindness and motherly solicitude for her iini jrial nephow." The emperor, palo and weak, is rep irtcd to havo swooned and hied (at the nose), after tho dowagor had accomplished her oud. The eunuch who Offered to sup port him was pushed aside, and tho dowagor horBclf Inflated on supporting him. Tho dowager "arranged tho pil lows and cushions ip his majesty's sedan chair, which waa to carry him back to Ida usual prison?the water surrounded kiosk at tho Somborn Luke palace, which is very near tho empress dowager's own rcBldonco of Mho park. Sho herself oscortod tho emperor to his place of retreat, called the ylng tai, and having aeon him aocurely conlinod within ita high wulls, and the draw brldgo onco more brought ovor, her faco resumed that hard look usual to it, as sho and hor numoroua retinue returned to I'okin" (tho official and usua' rosldoncc). Tho palaco lifo must bo trugic, tboao days, and oven If thcao glimpses of It aro fictitious, yot thoy havo tho ap poaranco of roallty, and presont the plcturo as every one familiar with the colcstial omplro wou<d expect to lind it. Tho eunuch goei on to dosoribo the scene on January 2< th, whon tho princo of LI brought the telegram from Shanghai Into tho dowagor's prusonco, which asked that "the omporor bo al lowod to reaumo tho reins of govern ment ovon In his illnosd, for that was the only way to satisfy his majesty's millions of subjects throughout tho om plre." "1 have seen many of her ilia I nlaya of temper and rage, but uone ilku this ono?it surpassed oven her rage at Kaug Yu Wei and bia reform ers. Wo eunuchs and even tho I'rlnco of LI, who brought tho telegram, woro simply terrified, and trembled loat her anger ahould fall on any ono present." Ho states that "no less than forty-six protests of the same kind came to I'ekln, one after tho other,'' and the dowager decided to postpone hor coup do grace. "I hoard tho empress dow agor 8?y recently to Prince Ohinc who, as grand ehambortaiu, can outer the palace at all hours of tho day or night to sco tho empress dowager, that others oi tho K ing Vu Wei and Kin party must also ho put out of tho way eeipre either aho or tho new emperor will bo able to rule the empire quiet OUR PAR19 EXPOSITION IjBTTKR. Hf-ci-ini t>. Tho Mountaineer. , , PARIS, June 18, liJUU. I sec from u bYenob paper, that Parle is OX pec ting ,i visit from the Hough K'dors of tho late war. Tho paper ex plains that tho Colonel K josovelt (sic) commandant of tho K High Kidors, promised tho soldiers of that famous battalion Hint if they would light well ho would take them to tho Paris Ex position, and thus stimulated by that promise they charged and captured Santiago, and now Colonel U>Ot:evolt will keep his word and bring his rough riders to the Exposition. This I know will be news to your readers and to Gov. Roosevelt's Rough Kidors. When the Parisian visitor passes through the United States post ollice department building at tho Exposition, and sees the old stu'Ted bay horse mounted by a dummy rider with a mail bag, slouched hat und leather breeches, the same that has BO long done duty in the post ollice museum ut Washington as a mail-carrier of the early days, ho iS?Vj?.! " There is .. Boer -' and remark ing in an ap!>revitnr tone?" les Amort. canes love much iherirjcrs''1 ;>?33GS. on to tho next mistake. The old mail stage coach of fifty yeurr ago, is in his opin ion the carriage of General Washing ton. A bran new red express wagon with a metal cugo for transporting money bullion and other precious arti cles, he thinks is for the conveyance of wilil animals or prisoners. After all what infantalage, to uso a French word, was it to send these things hero. F.von if fully understood, they teach ? nothing, and, us misunderstood, but confirm the popular Kuropoan impres sion of our only half-civilization. it is not pleasant to have to write so much in criticism of our country's ap pearance in this international competi tion, but it is important that the truth shall bo told. I might easily gloss tho facts and praiso or advertise this or that American exhibit, which as an Isolated exhibit is not without merit, but com petitively is distanced by the exhibits in tho same ola?8 ol some very small countries. Kor some reason wo are not "doing ourselves proud " hero. This morning 1 asked an American ex hibitor in the hall of Varied Industries how ho thought our countrv wnnlH compare with surrounding countries. " I regret to say we make a very poor show. Look, here we arc between Ger many and England. See what a tine exhibit G or many lias. She had no tiore ground space than we have, but she has utilized it to build a second story while we have but one. Then look at the taste and richness aid value 0( her exhibits. They arc worth at leant three times as much as ours. Moreover, they have been set up to produce their most impressive t tl jct. The English section, which bounds us on the othor side, is also a very lino one. Now loOK at ours. There on one of tho best corners is a display of about ten bushels of corn cob smoking pipes. Seo bore on the main aisle, opposite mo playing cards and stationary. There another firm has I paper nags. In my opinion, Tiffany's ?.?old und silverware, R ) ok wood's, of Cincinnati, pottery, and my display urn about the only creditable ones In the Amoriean section. I'm an Araori cau and I'd like to make the eagle scream, but I'm koeping very quiet*" It bad not occurred to me to class bis ex hibit among the redeeming things of the American section. Hut most Amer icans who will talk expross the same opinion about the inferiority of what Amorica has to show here in Paris, Our appropriation was abundant, more than any other country, with tho excep tion of Germany, I think, but it wus a little slow coming and for that roason we were not able to get choice of loca tion for our machinery in the Champs do Mars. When wo got tho appropria tion, there was no UDtaken space avail able except at Vinoonnes. People have been saying : "Oh go to Vinconnos il you wish to see the American machin ery." So, today I went to Vinoonnes, and I'll never go there, any more. It is one hour and thirty minutes from tho main exposition, which in terms of dis tance ought to bo thirty or forty miles. It is most uncomfortable getting thero; consequently, no one goes unless at tracted by a feto, an automobile raco, or athletic sports. After alighting from tho nearest station, a walk of a halt mile is necessary to linil the Amor iean machinery building, winch is nei ther largo nor very interesting as to its contents. Those who are particularly interested in tho special classes of American machinery exhibited there, will doubtless go out to Vincennes, but 1 do not believe there woro half a dozen visitors thoro besides mysolf, and the place Is practically lnacccssiblo to hun dreds of skilled French workmen who, while they might not buy American machinery, WOUld like tO see and study it. There is at Vinconnos a largo trans portation exhibit consisting of sections of trains of cars with dining and sleeping cars. None from America, hi trope has made great progress In the last twenty years and while tho stylo and arrangement are totally dilferont from ours, thoy are not inferior in ele gance and comfort. I was especially im pressed with tho Kassian exhibitln this section. Tho third class car had every convonlonm of the first class car, but wus less luxuriously furnished, and tho third class Compartment was convert iblo into sleeping space for sovon whilo tho first class compm-tmontof tho same size was limited to four sleeping berths. In tho third class, tho travelers, always Kussian peasants, are expected to fur nish their budding or blankets. Kus sian, llko other European railroad sys tems, are tirstof all military, and these conveniences for sleeping in every car will groatly conduco to tho comfort and health of tl.o soldior and to his tUnoss as a lighting machine. It would not bo difficult to speedily convert our freight cars into a donhlo tier of sleeping berths on tho Kussian plan, and for transporting an army over long dis tances they would bo far moro com fortable than tho ordinary cars of the United States railroads. ? Kx-Gov. Taylor of Kontu dty will engage in tho insurauce business in In dianapolis, which ho will make his homo for tho future Ill DSON ItlVKIl IOK (Hot-. I In- Anntinl L'roiluot ot More Value Than Hint of California's Uoia Htnes. New York Sun. .las. I). Hague, of Now York, who was recently designated by Governor Kjosovolt as one of tho delegates to ropresont tiio State of Now York at tho lutoruatlonal Mlnlnv; Congross to be held in Milwaukee, June Itf, has ad dressed a letter to tho Governor in which ho declines tho appointment. After regretting his Inability to attend the Congress he contlnuos his lotter with the follo.vi-.g n>!n'm?t.lnn ? I " Having in tuiad tho purposo of this Congrcba to iueroaso public kaowledge concerning tho lmportanco of tho v? I rioua mining induatrloa of tho country, and noting that the now much discuss ed lcc queatlon haa bocomo, at loaat lo cally, aimoat, If not quite, aa serious aa the lato allvor quoatlon, I have boon led to mako ? .mir cotnpariaons of the rulntivo importance of tho ice and tho precious motal iuduatrioa, which you may, juat now, tind Incidentally Intor eating, oven If otherwise qulto unlm liortaut. " It appears from recently published statements that the average yoarly lee crop of the Hudson Hlver la between .'1.000,000 and 4,000,000 tons ; assuming tno lower figure aa a not average, clear id waste, and reckoning tho averago, price paid by all consumers at $f> per ton, (25 cents per huudrud pounds,) the totul value realized nor annum la $lf>, 000,000. Tho value of California's gold, Including tho product of placers with that of quartz veins, has avoragod about $13,300,000 annually during the last fifteen years, and has only slightly oxcoodod $1.>,000,UU0 during tho past two or three yoara. Ita annual avorago vmuo would, thoroforo, bo consldorably less thun tho value of the Hudson River ico crop, ovon after allowing a liberal discount on the abovo eatimatod quan tity und aelllug price of ice. \ " It ttnia appears that the Hudson ilivor alone forma every winter a vn?? lui ico covering many miles in area, nearly--?s--tWck as the average gold bearing quartzvoin of California, pro ducing annually a tonuago comparable to und probably excooding tho tonnago of quartz annually produced by all tbo quartz mines of California reckoned to gether, with a higher avorago value per ton of ice than the avorago ton of Cali fornia quartz yields, and giving an an uual yield for which tho consumers pay, In tho aggrogato a sum excooding the value of the total anuual gold product of the State of California. This is apparently true of tho Hud son Kiver alone. The ico crop of Maine, it is said, sometimes affords an unuual profit of $4,000,000 to *.r>,000,OUU, which far exceeds tho annual profits of gold mining in Ca.ifornia, for it is to bo noted t^at tho avorago cost of pro ducing and marketing a too of ico Is fur less than the avorago cost of mining und treating a ton of quartz, and that tho percentage realized in tho produc tion of and salo of ice Is far greater than tho percentage of available profit rcalizod from tho production of gold. " Furthermore, tho quartz vein once exhausted can yield nothing more; pro duction can only be maintained bv more extended dovolopmont lu length or depth, (naturally at increased oat,) or by the discovery of other vidns, while tho Hudson Hiver fortnu its voln afresh evory winter, tho supply of water being practically Inlinlte and the formation of tho ice bonan/.a only a question of time and temperature. "It has also been sot forth in recent ly published statements that the annual consumption of ice in Greater Now York and immediate vicinity amounts to 10,000,000 tons. 1 do not know the ice statistics of tho whole country, but the consumption in Greater Now York can only be a comparatively small part of tho United States, and 26,000,000 toua of ice at $4 per ton (probably be low tho average price to consumorp) would amount to $100,000,000 censldor anly exceeding in commercial value the totul annual product of precious motals, gold and silver, reckoned to gether, from tho whole of tho United Statet, which, in USDS, amounted to $00,681,400. ?Tho Gcrmana mako llannol under clothing of the fibroof tho plno neodlea, us well as socks for mon and stockings for womon, while knee warmora, knit ting and darning yarna, cork solos, i|Ullts, wadding, deafening paper for walls, pine needle soap, incense and even cigars made from this raw mater ial have been Imported from Germany for yeara. Bathing resorta have also been established at points where tho pine needles aro crushed, and tbeso resorts have long been popular with people aflHoted with rheumatism, consumption, otc. ?The number of pcoplo who dlo in side of the city limits of I.'union ovory your would fill a ecmotory of twonty throe aeres. "I have also recom mended these medi cines to my friends who suffered from female weakness." " I was troubled f<>r three years with ulcera tlon a tut female weakness and my iloctor gave iur but little relief," writes Mrs. I'.nlu Hunter, ot Attentoa,sl i.onisCo , Mo. "Itawaoadvettlae men! in the paper ?f Dr. rlerce's favorite Pre m 11;>tii'ii I tun.in the use of it about n year ago. I to..V; live hot lien <>f it, and one bottle or' Golden Medical Diaci iVei yt' and my health is Itetter now than it wan foi yearn i have also recommended these mcdii un s to some of my friends, who auf fered from female weakness, and good results have followed." The greatest advertisement of Dort Pierce's favorite Prescription are ti women wllO have used it and l>een eure by it. It is not n common "cure-all It has a single purpose, the cure of di cases peculiar to women, and this pur pose it accomplishes thoroughly and per inancntly. There is no alcohol, <>i opium, or other narcotic contained in Dr. l'ierce's Pavor ite Prescription. Such a claim cannot be truthfully made for any other prepara tion put up specially for women and on sale at the medicine stores. Accept no substitute. Every sick or ailing woman ia invited to consult Dr. Pierce, by letter, free of charge. Ivvei v letter is held as strictly private and sacredly confidential All answers are sent in sealed envelopes, bearing 110 advertising or other piinted matter upon them. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.