Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TUbnaa's TribuletoHis MCoMp THE LATE JOSEPH H. BARLE. Au Eloquent Eulogy and au Intorostiuo; i Kecital of Historical Events in South Carolina. Mr. Tdlmun said: Mr. President, in rising to address the Sonate on this sad occasion 1 shall depart from tho form of eulogy which is customary, i can net speak of Senator Kirle from the standpoint of personal frier dsbip : 1 can not from extended personal oo sorvation and experience pay tribute to his character and virtues as a man and as a private oltlzen. 1 cau hot speak of him even from the standpoint of political friendship. While wc both entered this Senate as representa tives of tho Democracy of South Caro lina and he had publicly announced his purpose to co-operate with me in tho Senate if electeu, we were not friends in the common acceptation of tho term, nor were we political allies What 1 shall say. therefore, in honor of my dead colleague will bo more worthy of acceptation and carry more weight by reason of tho antagonism that existed between us as rival candi dates for the governorship in 1800, and later on because I felt It my uuty to lend all the help 1 could to tho gentl man who opposed him in bis race ft the Senate. I Senator Karle and myself were never brought into close contact except dur ing an exciting political oanva&S, anil I therefore had no opportunity to judge the man as he bore himself to ward his friends and neighbors. But during that canvass 1 watched him. and had opportunities such as no other man in South Carolina or out of it over bad to tret an insight to his character and a correct appreciation of his ster ling worth and brave, unflinching muu hood during a most trying ordeal, it may not be of interest to the Senate, and I have almost douotcd the pro priety of entering on this occasion into a recital of events in which 1 myself bore so conspicuous apart. It is not egotism or any desire to inject my own personality into the discussion of Sena- ! tor Kurlo's services and merits. But if I fail by reason of such consideration to discuss the subject from that stand point, 1 will fail to discharge my duty as 1 see it, and no one else can perform that duty as weil as I can. Indeed, no one can or will perform it at all. If I do not do it, the fame and record of the virtuos of the dead Senator would lack that testimonial which 1 alone can give here and which, given under the circumstances, can but help to link his name by stronger bonds to South Caro lina's hletory. Senator Karle sat in this body a very short time. The illness which result ed In his death seized him within thirty days after he took the oath of ellicc, and hei disappeared from our midst to return no more. His star had climbed the heavens until it hud reached the zenith and there sbono with a calm and steady brilliancy. Suddenly, like a meteor, it sauk be neath the horizon and went out into darkness, leaving naught as a reminder that it ever held a place In the Sena torial galaxy savo the memory of one short speech of two minutes. That speech made its impress on the minds of his hearers and stamped the new Senator as a good constitutional lawyer and a man who would not la mely submit to injustice or yield one jot or tittle of the right of his State und of his people. But, as impressive as was his utter ance and eloquent as was his plea, it only gave promise of a career that closed all too suddenly and sadly. Senator Karle will not be remembered for what ho did hero. His record is not a Senatorial ono. His reputation must res. upon his actions and utter ances while ho was an olli ;er of South Carolina and before ho was sent here as her representative. Realizing this in the fullest degree, anc anxious as 1 am to give that part of his life the greatest prominence which will to.id to perpetuatu his memory, I must follow the course I have marked out, even though it deals with occurrences in which I myself acted an important part. A brief recital of historical evonts in my Stute will bo necessary for a clear understa. ling of the causes which led up to ihe most exciting and Intensely bitter campaign that has eyor convulsed any iotato in this Union. There are people in South Carolina, where most of Sonator Karle's friends live, and whore his good name and the honor due him will ho most cherished, who will not thank me for this exposi tion, and who will severely censure mo for making it, but, as I have suid once before, I am not seeking the plaudits of anyone or trying to do any thing except to discharge a solemn duty to the dead man whoso ono strik ing characteristic was devotion to duty, it is a simplo act of justice to him without caring for its clT-jtonmo. I kno-v if he were alive, ho would do as much for mo. Indeed, he did, in 1-802, by writing a letter for publication, do such an act of justice for mo which made him very unpopular at the time. The real friends of the dead Senator will seo the justice of this view of tho matter and will thank me for giving prominence to that part of his career which Is tho lasting basis of his fame. It is not as a Senator that he will bo remembered, nor is Ills record as judge and attorney-general, honorable aim worthy tnough it bo, his highest claim to remembrance. Ills candidacy for governor in 1800 and tho fact that bo so horo himself in that campaign, in which bo carried only 4 counties in .'lf>, that six years later ho won tho Sona torohip by a popular vote gi/en largely by the very men who howled him down in 181)0?thia is the man's claim to im mortality, and I shall tell tho story as briefly as I can and as I understand its phases and facts, concoaling nothing and anxious only to state, tho truth as I understand it. I. do this knowing that there are men who will bo ready to disputo tho facts and also deny the conclusions. That is a right I shall not attempt to deny to any man. Thoso who hear and read what 1 say must determine for themselvos the truthful ness and impartiality of tho story. up to tho period of reconstruction South Carolina never had a road popu lar government. It was so In form only. The Stato wassottlod first along tho cor i as woro the other colonios, and hi to and succeeding tho itovolu tlonary war a preponderance of it* Ecople resided in tho tior of counties ordorlng on the ocean. Those peoplo wero largoly the descendants of tho Huguenots, who tied from rollgious persecution in BVanee, and of tho English, who had been sent over b<* tho lords proprietors. Tho Piedmont, or upper portion of the Stato, hau been settled during tho first half of the eighteenth oentury by a large influx of Scotch-Irish, German, and Dutch sottlers from Pennsylvania. There wore n'so settlements of p'-rsn*?* in different counties of Scutch High landers, Irish, and English. These in terior .settlers owned few slaves, while the planters or tile const counties owned a great many. They differed from th< mo latter iu many ways. Under the State constitution adopted in iTiiO the apportionment of political power in the SI ito Senate whs ouch a> to fix uud perpetuate the domination of the coast counties by reason of the fact that each parish of those counties, which were organized after the man ner of tha Cuureh of England, was given a senator, while th-j mtcrio counties, then large in area and sparse ly settl'd, were given only one Sena tor each. Tho county of Charles ton, with its nine parishes, was thus given nine senators, and tho other coast counties had proportionate num bers of Senate' s not at all correspond ing with their population later on. This one-sided and unfair condition was a source of coustant angry dis cussion and led to a division of " up country" and " low country in Stato politics aud insured the absolute domi nation oi tiie city of Charleston in stato affairs. All efforts to undo the wrong were futile. The same constitu tion provided that thu governor aud other State ollijcrs and tho judges ol tho supreme and circuit courts should bo eleu ted by the lcgislature.se that the people were permitted to vote only for members of Congress, county otlioers, and members of the legisla ture. And the control of the machin ery of the counties oven for the dis bursing of taxes and performing other duties incident to county government v.ere in charge of a board of COmmis sioners appointed at tue capital. This government was ad neu' ly aristocratic as has existed anywhere in America, and two generations had passed away, and a third habituated to its require ments was in possession of tho govern ment when the eivii war came on. Tue large slave owners anil families of greatest prominouce and wealth, by intermarriage and other alliances, held absolute sway in State politics, aud the masses were mere puppets to register their will. The Slate was Democratic or independent in national politics, but it was aristocratic in local affairs. This aristocracy, bo it said to its credit, gave the State as good gov I eminent, so far as purity and honest} were concerned, as any country ever had. But a prouder, more arrogant, or hot-headed ruling class never ex isted. Under the reconstruction con stitution of IStiS the election of gover nor and State ollicers was given to the people by direct vole, and the scheme of county government was decent ral ly, sd aud placed in charge of a hi ard of county commissioners elected by the people. During the eitrht years of radical misrule, when the carpet-baggers and their negro dupes trampled the whites under foot in a way no other Knizlish speaking community ever endured "since, the tsaxon wore the Norman's collar," there was no opportunity for growth along the lines of true Ameri can citizenship and genuine Demo cracy. To deline It more clearly, there was no such thing as a rule of the peo ple, either white or black. When, in 187ti, the whi'.o p ?oule, in desperation, rose and overthrew the reconstruc tion government and drove out the vampire horde of thi vos and bribe takers, they were confronted witn this condition : There was a clear numeri cal majority of negroes of voting age of ab.mt 30,000, and II is a self-ovident proposition that "white unity" was tho battle cry that most appealed to the sense and patriotism of every white man in the State. Aside from tho condition of semi anarchy and the burdensome taxation which had existed, the reconstruction government had dissipated tho assets of the State bank amounting to $3,000, 0U0, bad squandered the State's in terest in railroads to an equal amount, and bad issued bonds Increasing the State debt from $u,0U0,(JuU to more than $20.000,000, with nothing to show for it. It is small wonder, then, that the whites knew and undorstood the needs of unity. The political demarcation was a color line, pure and simple. Demo cracy meant white supremacy ; Re publicanism meant the rule of the African and carpetbagger, and native scalawag, the most despisei of the three. Tho newly emancipated white men, who stood erect In the conscious ness of being onco more citizens, of South Caroliua, and freemen as far as the State was concerned, followed the leaders who had led in tho fight for t' at emancipation with almost blind Idolatry. These leaders at ouce be came almost omnipotent in Slate politics; and the paramount thought in the minds of everyone v? as bow to retain control of tho State government. Prior to tho war there had been little or no division along party lines in tho State. It was said that " when Calhoun took snuff, the State sneezed ;" and hero worship has always been a ieadintr characteristic of our people. Tho lack of familiarity with partisan or party politics and the total lack of familiarity with the machinery for controlling and directing party policies were great drawbacks, in fact, the people knew almost nothing about such things. The four years of war and the eight years of reconstruction, during which thoro was paralysis of citizenship, had bred a torpor which made it easy for tiio old aristocratic fluni lies und those in alliance willi tlicin to resumo control, and tho neces sities of tho politicul situation, the en forced white unity, mudu it oa-jy to continue that control. I Tho Constitution had been changed, tho power vested in tho people, but the conditions wero not favorable for its exerciro. Party nominations wero mudu in convention (I mean as to State oflloors and Congressmen, and in many counties for all Officers) from 187(5 to 8SIU. Prom 187(1 to 1880 thoro were no causes of complaint?every white man was satisllod with the management of affairs and overyone set about actively rebuilding tho Stuto and advancing his individual interests. But in 1880 tho poison began to work. Hing rule is an inevitable growth where only one party oxists. Tho convontions woro manipulated as thoy usually are by court-house rings, and thosu worked under the direction of a statohouso ring. While thoro wore mucteringe of dis content, which constantly grow in n tonslty with the management of local or Stato affairs and with tho way in whfeh tho peoplo wore ignored in parceling out tho oIuooh, the thought of " Indopendontlsm ''?division among tho whites?was abhorrent to ovory good Carolinian. Tho nomination by the party conventions was equivalent to election, and he was regarded as a public enemy who darod to raise his voice In criticism or objection. Ooo or two spasmodio efforts to overthrow ring rulo wero ruado in tho mountain counties, whoro thoro was a majority of white vol. ts and where tho people had oot scared so muoh as in tho I negro cour. . but the leaders de nounced all u .a efforts as unpatriotic and declared th.it "uu Independent was worse than a radical:" and, with tlio memory of their oppressions rank ling in their minds, the people re-echoed the sentiment and acted upon it. Thus were the conditions produced and tho mine laid lor the exolosion which came in 1890. Tho antebellum conditions were en tirely changed. The large fortunes of tho old slave owners bad been do troyed by the results of the war and with them had been destroyed, in a largo measure, class distinctions. Tho Confederate soldiers while lighting bad also been going to school. There was a quickened intelligence and a more thorough understanding of the correct principles of government, and tho demand for popular government and equality of privilege made rapid growth. it was seen that a certain COterie of politicians were running things in the interest of themselves, their kindred, and friends, and the peoplo were growing tired of the In evitable answer to any of their com plaints, " Hush, or you will sulit the Democratic party." The agitation which Led to tho re volution or explosion had begun in ls^ii, and it bud tuken four yours of discussion aud of agitation after six years of dissatisfaction ever on the in crease to prepare tho minds of the people and to organize them to over throw tho oligarchy Wahloh had fallen heir to the power of the old antebellum aristocracy. The State was ruled during these ten years absolutely by the two cities of Columbia and Charles ton ; und as they did this through their allies living in the other towns of the Stuto. the ugit'ition for reform bud assumed the complexion of an agricultural movement, in which the farmers or country people wero em battled against the cities und towns, it whs not an agrarian movement in any sense of the lorin, und it untcdat ud the ill Pane movement by two years. A large majority of the white people live in the country, and many ol those farmers?thousands of them?are as intelligent and well educated men as there are in the State, and they own a large share of its wealth. Senator Karle had entered politics shor'.ly after tho overthrow of the carpet-bag regime as Senator from Sum tor County, and while he belonged toone of the best families of the Statu, one noted for its prominent men and wealth, he himself, 'is u result of war, had had to struggle in his young man hood with poverty, and he was not in touch or sympathy with tho then ruling powers. Indeed, he was more or less antagonistic to them. He had been promoted, not through the iustru nen ta'.ity of the oligarchy, but rather in spite of it-, to too attorney-general ship in 1880, and although be was offered the governorship by the re formers or farmers lu 1888, and could have been nominated, his albliationd with tho then Stato administration wore buch that he was forced to de cline. This fact, in 1800, led the RMorm Democrats to retolve to have nothing to do with any of the old leaders or prominent politicians of the State. The experience in two State, campaigns - those of 1880 and J8SS ? in which they had been defeated taught them to know the value of early and .borough organization, so that the political forces of the State began to marshal themselves and politics to assume shape almost with tho new year. A convention or voluntary caucus of those in sympathy with reform ideas was called to meet in March. One of the principal demands in tho call was for a primary election in which each individual citizen should have a right to veto direct for tin* nominees of the Democratic party. Anotbor was the establishment of a technical and industrial school ?an agricultural college for tho education of farmers and mechanics separate from the Stato univer sity. There were other important issues, but it is unnecessary to men tie:) them. This convention assembled and, denouncing the administration of affairs, passed resolutions announcing its platform and put me forward as candidate for governor in tho party convention whenever it should bo called. It also pas-ed resolutioni de manding of the State Democratic com mittee, which was controlled by our opponents, to uppoint a series of moot ing.} in each of tho counties of the Stato for a general discussion of the issues of the day by all of tho candi dates for State olllces. Too newspapers of the Slate, almost' without exception, opened their bat tor ies on the movement Many de clared that it was un-Democratic, and that its pnrposo was tho division and consequent destruction of the Demo cratic party in the Stato. All of the trained politicians and men of promi nence, with very few exceptions, aligned themselves in opposition. The banks, corporations, and railroads were all antagonistic. Out of 700 lawyers in the State not more than 40 joined in the movement for reform. Senator, then AUorney-Goneral, Karlo and Gen. John liratton, a con federate brigadier of high character, both announced tbomsolvos as candi dates for governor, and the campaign opened early in Juno in Greenville, the county of General Barle's birth. Ono motiving was held in every eounty in tho State. Day by day, week by w ?ok, crowds num bering in the thousands aud embrac ing almost tho entire white male population turned out to hear the speakers. It was during this period of two months that I learned to know Senator Karlo thoroughly, to admire bis ability as a debater, to respect bis manhood, and to appreciate Iiis gentle manly, chivalrous bearing. If there bo suoh thlnir as? That stem joy which warriors feel In foemen worthy of their etcol? I had my fill of it. Hut candor compels tho confession that while all of the in dications pointed to General EQaria'sde* feat, the fighting, if such a torm be permissible, was anything but pleasant. Tho contest was never in doubt after tho first live mcotings. A tidal wave had rison in tho mountains and was sweeping seaward with lrresistiblo force, bearing down all opposition, washing away all landmarks, and en tirely submerging tho old regime. Democracy, like Pallas, now-born but fully grown and armod, rejoiced In its strength and grow hourso with chooring those who had first found courage to give it a voice and de mand its rights. It had boon supproa.ed and opprcssod for a century, and nothing could now stay its course. Tho feeling was vory In tense, the danger of collision and riot always imminent. Dramatic situa tions, sharp personal colloquies, bitter sarcastic retorts, would first drlvo one side then the other into a frenzy of ap proval or angry dissent. General Harle knew that ho was beaten, but he novor faltered or let up. lie facod hostile audiences which sometimes ro fuaod at first to lot him speak, but with calm dignity and courage bo foroed recognition and a hearing. He never relaxed his grasp upon my , throat, but fought to tho last. He pressed his arguments homo with powerful logic and subtle reasoning. A trained lawyer anil debater, be had all the advantage. Hut tho facts were airainsl him, and while he inaiU no impression upon the feelings or judgment ol his audienee^on tho issues then pending, ho yet won the admira tion of all by his intrepidity and ability, aud always under tho most trying cir cumstances maintained his self-respect and commanded that of his opponents. There were 200 votes hi the convention, and of these he received lofeH than 60, carry lug only four counties out 01 thirty-live. Tho couuty of his birth was against him, the county of his adoption was divilcd ; but while he went down to defeat It was with every I Hag Hying and no thought of asking quarter, and it was this canvass that woo nun his Beat in the United Status Sen ate six years later. 1 nave always though* he entered the race under a misconception, but being lu he was too proud to retire. His lino of light, during tho cam paign had boon almost entirely per sonal. in other words, he did not dis pute tho justice of tho demands which the reformers had set out in their plat form, but ho tried to gi t on tho plat* form and shove its exponent til of it. lie did not go far enough along that line to alienate the adherents of the oligarohy who supported him with en thusiasm ; but he svas not their real choice, and he knew it, so he was care 1111 to let tho people sec ho svas not op posing popular government and such reforms as were needed. When the result was known, after the nomination was ovet, he bowed submissively to the will of the people and loyally supported tho ticket, advising against aud an tagonizing with all '.is might an inde pendent ticket whl< h the 0? featee fac tion had sot on fi Ot to rdtain the gov ernment by the aid of the negroes. Aftier the last meeting at (JolletOD 1 approached General Ka le, und, ex tending cny hand, L said : '? General, we knosv eueii other heiter than we did nt Greenville in June, if 1 have said anything in the heat of de hnte to wound your feelings, I desire to apologize, and to express the hope that if we can n .t bo friends, we shall not become enemies.' He sdiook my hand heartily and dis claimed any feeling of hatred or sense, of wrong, and offered ayimllar apolo gy ; and so wo parted, as true men ougnt. Two years lat r, when tho Reformers put me forward for re-election, there was another bitter coutcst, not so in tense as that of 1890, but Btlll very ex citing, and in somo respects uanger ous. General Karle refused to hu^e anything to do with this and advised against it. He wrote a letter in which be gave credit svbere credit was duo ami warned his old supporters that they wero doomed to defeat. This enraged that element in the State at the time, but they learned later the wisdom of his advice and to appreciate the more his clear judg ment, w bile at t.: jama time General Karle thus won tho good will and for giveuess of thousands of those who voted against 1. tu in his candidacy for governor. The result was that the reform legislature elected him to the position of circuit judge in 1804, which lie held up to the time of his entry to the Senat". Of this last raoj I shall not speak. Sulliee it to say that 1 did not support him. Hut it was not because 1 did not know his worth and recognize his fitness for the position and his ability to adorn it. After his entry upon his duties here, our relations were friendly and prom ised to become cordial, for lie had too much sense to bear malice and was too liberal minded not to know that toy antagonism was political rather than personal. Had ho lived no as to have given him an opportunity to have shown of what stall he was made, 1 am sure every Senator here would have been Impressed with his high charac ter and chivalrous bearing and have recogniz d his worth and ability. He is gone, as all of us will have in a few years to follow, " to that undiscovered country f?-om whose bourne no traveler returns," and bis fame and good name must rest in the minds and hearts of those In his own State, who knew him best and loved him most. There is somethlngipeouliarly pathet ic in his death, coining as it did just after reaching the goal of his ambition. A ripe scholar, an eminent jurist, and a tluent speaker, he could not have failed to make his iulluoneo felt hero had Providence permitted him to win additional honors. The Senate pauses in its labors for a hr ef whi'o to pay respect to his memory. Tho tribute which I have paid him, coming from an old antagonist, may not bo deemed the highest or most worthy, hut It is at least sincere : and I feel that I have but added to rather than detracted from the luster of bis name iiy the recital of thosu events which first im pressed him upon tho people of his na tive State. Mr. i* resident, us wo look around upon tho Senate in our dully inter course hero, it is easy to lie soon by everyone that with very few exceptions every man on this lloor is on tho sun set side of life and rapidly approaching tho setting. Wo struggle here in the performance of our duties as wo see them and understand them, and are often bitter and unreasonable in our contentions with one unothor, but 1 know Senators will join me with the utmost sincerity in the thoughts ex pressed in that beautiful poem by James Montgomery : Times grows not old with length of yearn; Changes DO brings, but changes not; New born each moment he appears] We run our race and are forgot. Stars in perennial rounds return, As from eternity ihey came, And to eternity might burn j We arc not for one hour tho same. Spring flowers renew their triad pcrfumo. hut erO a second spring ihev lly ; Our life is longer than (heir bloom, Our bloom is sweeter?yet wo dio. ? * * ? Lord Ond! when time shall end his (light, Star? net, and Mowers revive no more, Mav we behoid Thy f?i06 in light, ?j uy lovo in Jesus Christ adore. ? Ono of tho loading statisticians of Germany Ilxos tho world h population ,:t tho prosont timo at 1,635,000,000 souls, making tho total gain for tho year immediately preceding 23, oOO.OOO souls. To this increase ESurope la orodlt od with contributing 5 700,000; Asia, 6,300,000: Africa, /...00.000; America, 3.200,000. Tho United Statos, with ita great growth, eatimatcd by this autho Ity at 2 800,000 and ita present popula I tlon placed at 72,;i0O,OOO represents more than Oil por contof the entire population of North and Booth Amerioa?a olrcumstanoo adduced as highly significant and ocouring in no other part of the earth. Tho popula tion of Europe was Inoroasod to 378,600, 000 whloh is about a quarter of the Lentlro population of tho earth. TIIIO CA R1010 R Ol?1 Ulf VW. Ilo Ht'can Newspaper Idfo uh a Re porler and Wuh u Master of tlic i ' i !' i "Hl' na.",i' Washington Post. \V. 0. Brann, the fighting editor who wan killed at Waco, Texas, in a duel last week, practically Started Iiis news paper career in St. Louis on the Cllobc Djtnoorat, under Joseph B. McCullagh. That was six years ago-, and those who Knew Brann then knew a :uau who was as it iid ai.d gentle us could he. Iiis friends little dreamed that ho would become the editor of such u liery pub lication as tho Iconoclast. In fact Brann mu-lc his first hit on the Ulobe Dcmocrut with a big Sunday article on the apple crop of Southern Illinois. "Braun haU been on ttie paper a few weeks," slid a Western UOWSpapOl man in discussing this eccentric char acter, "anu hadn't succeeded in turn ing in much copy. One day McCullagh suggested that Brann take an artist, go over into Egypt?as losvcr Illinois is called?and 'write up' the apple ln d US try. which is a source of crreat rev enue to that part ?I the State? Brunn started nu', and tho rest of us wore more or less curious to too how ho would coiuo out. Iiis article appeared tho next Sunday, and it is needless to say that it was a BrSt*rate surprise. Hrann had made a rhetorical lljwor garden out of the page that had been assigned to him. A live-column article on tho upple industry would have been, lc the bands of the average reporter, pretty dry reading, but under tho pen of Braun apples seemed almost to grow from the type. As to facts, there was nothing much to the article, and some members of the stall had doubts if the 'now man,'as Hrann was called, had gone any further into Kgypt than Kusl St. Louis. The strengte of tho story was its phrases. It read like a classic ahm St, and some of tho boys underljoK to speak to Hrann and compliment him on this feature of it. 'Pshaw, that's nothing,' was the reply. "1 can do anything that 1 please with the. ISngllsh language. I can make it wave as prettily as a field of ripe wheat or I can sei/.j it by its handle and make it snap like a hull whip in the, band- of a cow puncher.' '?.So il will be seen that bo was not without his Bharo of egotism. We learned that ho hud been a sort of trav t ling preacher und lecturer, und that his home bad been in Dallas or Wuco befoie bo appeared in St. Louis. Soon after the apple episode Brann. went up to Chicago to tlie National Democratic Cot. veiiMoo as one of quite a large stall under Walter B. Stevens. 1 have heard that Brahn'sespecial assignment on tue Chicago trip was to pay no ut tention to tbo big political gathering, but to expose Chicago with a sharp pen. And Brann did so, to the great delight of utl St. Louis. "When Brann returned to St. Louie he was placed In charge of the column celled 'Botel Corridors.' This column bau' been one of MoCullagh's hobbies, and the rest of us hud taken turns in extracting interviews from tourists and traveling men until ,vu were black in the face. Hut under the band of Brann the hotel column il mrlshed like a green hay tree. Tbo wildest and most improbable stories in the choicest l?ngliah ; dissertations on religion and on literature ; essays on ethics and cul ture; iu fuct, everything. It wus use less to pretend that the Interviews wi re true. Tbo average run of bo'el guests did not talk as the Clobe-Democrat's column made them talk, and every one knew it. But the work pleased Alc Cullagh, and a little later, when Brann resigned anil returned to Texas to start a newspaper, the editor made a contract with him to send u bunch of hotel interviews daily by mail. "In starting a daily newspaper in Texas Brann bud a partner, and the | struggle wus hard for them. Their duily attracted attention, hut Brunn wus crowded out finally by the stock holders. Then ho started his Icono clast at Dallas, and proceeded to break the popular idols of that community. Among other things he assullcd Baylor Institute. His articles against this college resulted In several duels, in each o.' which two persons were killed, und in the lust one, Brann and his ad versary, T. K. Davis, each met death. S'jven bullets were found in the body of Davis, und it is claimed that Brann's business manager, W. H. Ward, took a band in the shooting after Brann had received u mortal wound. "In app.aranco Brann wus tall, slen der and 01 dark complexion. His hair was inky black and as straight as that of an Indian. His eyes wero widely sot, and were mean. He always wore a slouched hat. and a long Prince Albert coat, and I've, heard him wish a hundred times that he could get out of the newspaper business. Well, he's out of it now, poor fellow, after a bard light." GRBBLX ON TBK SITUATION. Au Interesting Interview With the Famous Arctic Kxplorer?Ho Be* Moves tho Maine Was Destroyed iiy a Minn. Brig. Gen. A. W. Greely, chief of the algna! service corps of the United Slates army, but more widely known to tho public as Artie explorer has been on a visit to Charleston, and while In that oity ho was seen by a reporter for tho News and Courier, and was asked what he thought about the pi as pect for a war. His reply was that ho was uot in position to know much more about the situation than any other Oltlxan. He had his own work to at tend to and generally tried to let the people at tho VVtiito House have their own way without any interference from him. Hut ho added that he had his own opinion, as well as any one, and saw no reason why ho should uot ex press it. Ho had seen the report of the commission and the photographs accompanying it, and could see no rea sou to douht tho Maine had been blown up from tho outside. That being the Icaso the burden of proof fell i upon Spain, and Spain had made no attempt to disprovo tho guilt, liovond a morn declaration from her representative in Wich i n," i on that Iii to wore no im in. in thu harbor, und tho finding uf tho Spanish commission which was most probably made to order, she hud dono no .hing. llo win not at all surprised at tho oc curreneo, he suld, and thought it en tirely in kooplng with the Spanish character, which was proverbially cruol and treaohorous. fiver since Spain bo-1 oamo a nation by the union of Castile I and Arragon tho Spaniards had beon persecuting somobody. First It was] the Moors, who wore either oxtormln atod or driven out of Spain Thon Spain acquired tho Netherlands and sunt Alvu thoro to decimate tho popula tion. Thon camo the inquisition and tho tortures of tho Protostanta. Toon tho Now World fell into their hands, and tho native) of Mexico and Peru Sarlshod miserably at tho orders of ortoz and Pizz&ro, booau8o thoy oould produce no mora gold. Tho atory was a long and bloody one, but every page in it bhoulil prepare any one to believe what is heard of conditions in Cuba to day, and that Spaniards wore respon sible for the blowing up of tbo Maine. In his mind, ho said there wa? ^ot the Shadow of a doubt about -t, and he could see no reason why any intelligent person should doubt it. Ceu. Cruely said that ho did not want to see a war if il could be avoided, but ho thought there were some things worse than war. He had been opposed to Intorvunttion or interference . any way until the Maine was blow ..o, but after that occurred ho thought the United States should uo longer hesitate to take a hand. Spain has proven her self utterly incapable of managing the island. With all of the forces at her command sbo could not quell the lew thousand Insurgents in the Held, and had been able to no nothing m ire-, im portant than to starve and butcher the non-combutants. Tho United States iad been compelled to spend at least half a million dollars a year doing po lice duty to Keep filibusters out of Cuba, and he thought it was about time that a stop was boing put to the whole busi ness. Although 'Jen. Creely is 54 years of age nu sun has a youthful appearance. But for a spring ling of gray in his hair anil beard ho would pass for a man of 40. When asked whether ho over felt any of tho etTeots of his sutTorlngs in the Aretic regions ho replied thut beyond tho loss of what might bo called " spring " he could not say that he did. His general health is excel lent, but ho bus not the endurunce that ho hud before his expedition to Greenland. While a young officer, connected with the weather bureau, which was at that time under tho war depart ment, Gen. Grecly was several times u visitor to Charleston, where, through the lion. S. V. Tupper, at that time president of tho Chamber of Com merce, he made many pleasant ac quaintances. He spoke very pleasant ly about them yesterday, and inquired after Col. William L. Trenholni and Kx-Governor Hugh S. Thompson, both of whom ho knew in Washington as representative South Carolinians. It was a source of great regret to him, he said, that ho could not spend several days in the city and renew tho ac quaintances of which he had such a pleasant recollection. Tho story of tho Greely expedition tills one of tho most interesting pages in the history of modern exploration and adventure. Soon after tho war, through which he served with, distinc tion, Crccly was detailed for duty in tho signal service corps, and when in 1881 it was decided to send an expedi tion into tho Aretic regions to esta blish one of a chain of thirteen cii'cum polar stations in accordance with the Hamburg International Conference of two years before, be was selected to command it. The party, consisting of twenty-live persons, sailed from St. John's, N. P., in the Proteus, on the 7th of July, 1881, and reached DisoOVi ry Harbor, lati tude 81 degrees, 44 minutes, north longitude; 04 degress, 45 minutes, west on the 12th of August, 1881. Hero the party remained for nearly two years, making ft< quent expeditions into the surrounding country, and then In obedience to orders to abandon the station, and move south in case relief did not reach them by September. 1883, did so. Wliilo at this point one party of three succeeded in reaching a point further north than any previously at tained. Lieut Greely led two expedi tions into the interior of the country in the summer and discovered a lake sixty-two miles long, which lie named Lake Unzen, and two new mountain ranges, in one of which the highest speak Mount Arthur, was live thous and feet high. Two expeditions sont out to their relief failed to reach them. The latter was commanded by Lieut. Oarllngton, a South Carolinian. But both ex peditions left stores at convenient points. it was on the Oth of August. 1883, that the party under I.ieut. Greely sot out on its retreat southward. 1 he health of all up to tnat time had beer, excellent. After thirty days' adven tures they succeeded in reaching Cape Sabine, having been compelled to aban don their steam launch in the ice. At Capo Sabine they established their winter quarters, and winter coining on almost Immediately their sufferings began. Sixteen of tbo party died of starvation, one was drowned and one, Private llonry, was shot by order of Lieut. Greely for stealing food. It was the 22J of June, 1884, before any relief could reach them. Then they were rescued by the third relief expedition under Capt. VVinfield Schloy in so ex hausted a condition that they would probably not have survived another twenty-lour hours. On his return to tho United States Lieut. (Jreoly was the hereof the hour. There was considerable criticism of his management of tbe expedition, but his superior officers, who wore in possession of all of the faets, upheld him in everything that he had done. He was promoted to a captaincy in 18S(i, and in 1M7, after tho death of Gen. Willhun B. Ho/.on, was appointed by President Oldveland to succeed that officer as chief of the signal service corps, with the grade of brigadier general. They're All There.?Take a walk through a cemetery alone and you will pa ?? the last resting place of the man who blow into the muzzle of a gun to see if it, was loaded. A little further down the slope is tho crank who tried to show how close be could pass in front of amoving train. In strolling ab nit you sco tho modest monument of tho hired girl who started tho li'-o with kerosene and a grass-covered knoll that covers what Is left of tho boy who put acorn cob under a mule's tail. Tho tali shaft over tho man who blew out tho gas c?9ts a shadow across the boy who tried to jump on a moving train. Sido by side tho otheroal creature who always had her corset laced to tho last hol-, and tho Intelligent idiot who rodo a bicycle nine milos in ten minutes, sloop un undisturbed. At ro poso Is a doctor who took u dose of his own medicine. Thero with the top of a shoo box driven ovor 'tis bond lies a rich old man who married a young wife. Away over thoro by a side gate roposeB a hoy who llsbcd on Sunday and tbo woman who kopt strychnine side by aide with the baking powder in tho cupboard. The man who stood in front of the mowing m:?ehlno to ollithe cyclo is quiet now and rcsto oosido of tho careless hrakeman who fod himself Into a seventy-ton eng.no, and ovor In the corner of tbo fonco In tho potter's Hold may bo seen tho bleaching hones of tho man who tried to whip tho editor.?Knoxvlllo Tribune. Induce tho children to acquaint them selves with the names and the habits of every bird on the farm, and to learn all their good and bad traits. When they have done this they will recognize many of them as friends, and will tioal tin in accordingly. TUB BKUNION IN CHAKIiKSTON. Detail? ol the Arrangements Mtitlu for the Comfort and Kntortalnmeut of Visitor**. Hd. qrs. S. C. Division, United Confederate V bterans, Charleston, s. c, April 1. For tho guidance of veterans, spon sors and others, visiting Charleston for the annual reunion of South Carolina Division, United Confederate Vet erans, April 27th, the following infor mation is published ; As tho ceremonies commence 1U a. m., Wednesday, April 27th, and some thing of interest is proposed for every hour of that and the next day, veterans ihouhl arrive not later than eight of Tuesday, April 26th. The morning trains, arriving April 27th, will come in too lato for the delegates to take part in first session of tho convention. Tho couvention will bo held at the Gorman Artillery hall, Wentworth street, commencing at 10 a. m. The hall, tho largest in the city, will not hold many more than tin delegates and alternates, so it is pro posed to have a monster meeting, where all the veterans, sons, daughters and their friends can gather, in the afternooon, April 27th, at the Citadel. This moetintr will bo called to or.ler ut. f> p. tn. Tho veterans, escorted by the Sous and the Fourth Brigade S. G. V. T., will march up to the Citadel, The parade will bo formed on Meeting street, right of South Carolina Divis ion, United Confederate Veterans rost ing on Market street, and will move punctually, not nominally, at I o'clock. Tho following distinguished speakers have been invited to address this meet ing: Generals Cordon, Hampton. Butler) Law. Donbam and others. The convention will assemble again in tho evening at H:.'K) o'clock. April liS, tho convention will hold two ses sions, one commencing at 1U a. tn. and tho other at S:."H) p. m. All comrades of South Carolina Di vision, United Confederate Ve'cuns and other Confederate Veterans, will register at the Germany Artillery ball, and receive their badges. A bureau of information will bo es tablished at the store of J. S. l'inkus eohn & Bros., H70 King street, near Wentworth street, by the Y. M B. L., who will cheerfully assist tho visitors in securing boarding places, and give any other information needed. As tho city will probably be very much crowded, all comrades are ad vised to make their arrangements for hoard in advance. Camps will please display their camp banners in the convention hall and carry the same, in the parade. Any historic battle (lag will be placed upon the stage during the sessions of the convention. The bearers of such battlellag?not tho camp banners ? will report to division headquarters, board room, lirst story, German Artillery ball, April 127, at U:45 a. m. I-UDOboa will be served in tho lower hail, under the convention hall. April 27th and 28th, from 12 to .'I o'clock. The Daughter., of the Confederacy and oilier ladies will honor u* by serving the lunches. These lunches will only bo served to Confederate Veterans wearing badges: no imposition of others will he permitted, as only Con federate Veterans are to be eared for and honored bj the Daughters of the Confederacy and their assistants. General headquarters of sponsors and maids of honor will be at the Mills House, Meeting street, corner of Queen. Ladies and gentlemen of the committee will be there to receive them. All such as have no other places engaged had best report there immediately on arrival in the city. It is particularly advised that board for the Sponsors and maids of honor will be secured before coming to the city. A number can be accommodated at the Mills House. Hoard $1.20 per day. No duties will be required of sponsors and maids of honor, until 12 o'clock, April 27, when they will assemble at tho Ma&onloTemple, King street, corner of Wentworth, register and receive their badges. They will assemble there again In the evening of April 27th, at .S::iU o'clock, to go in a body to he pre sented to the convention. Wednesday afternoon, April 27, they will assemble at the Mills House at 3:30 o'clock to join tho procession. They will ride in the trolley cars, which will leave the Mills House al 4 i o'clock. A reception will he given the spon sors and maids of honor Thursday night, April 2S. And the Daughters of the Confederacy propose to give them a "Tea," Friday afternoon, April 20. Other pleasures for them will be announced later. All Information relating to other movements and duties of sponsors and maids of honor will be given at the Mills Ilouso. The position of sponsor to the camp, or other (Jolted Confederate Veterans organization, is merely an honorary one as is also that of male: of honor, wiio is chosen as a companion for the sponsor. They will, as representatives jf their camp, or of the division, ro ccivo the attention and respect of Con federate Veterans. They have no du ties except as specified and are recipi ents of many courtesies at the re unions. At the general United Con federate Veterans re-unions only the divisions are entitled to a sponsor, and one maid of honor. The sponsors of camps of Sons of Confederate Veterans will ho treated In all respects as those of camps of veterans. As far as practicable, sponsors should be provided with banners, designating their camps, this in addition to the regular camp banner. c. I. Walk Bit, Commanding. Jas g. Holmes, Adjutant Gen. and Chief of Stall. A GALLANT CONFEDERATE:. How Getl. llaiiip'ou Put a Stop to Nhemmn'H Brutality Story of u Man Who Drew tho White Bean. The UiiJ go way correspondent of the News anil Courier records tho death of Mr. William Evans, a gallant Con federate, who lived in Pair Held Coun ty. The correspondent says: Tho death of Mr. Evans recalls an Incidont of tho late war that should he recorded in history. It will, for all ages to como, fully portray tho charac ter of tho great leaders on either side, j viz ; Gon. W. T. Sherman and our own Wade Hampton. On tho 17th of February, 1805, Shor man's army entered and burned tho principal portion of the beautiful city i of Columbia; next d&y marchod north, towards Wlnnsboro, destroying tho railroad ; thonoo to Watoreo River and on to North Carolina. His line of march was traced by tho smoke of tho homos he destroyed. Along tho lino of march ho made prisoners of all the old mon and boys, together with all tho sick and maimed soldlors nt homo Oi furlough. Qf this number Mr. Evans was captured with several othors from this Immediate neighborhood. Thpy wore treated in tlio most In human manner, reviled and oureed, mtide to walk knee deep in mud behind the wagon train, often had nothing to cat hut a little corn, that they would pick up, left by the horses fed in the camps as they marchod by. it rained every day, poured down fu torrents at night; with no lire, with wot clothes and shoes, they where chilled to the heart. sulToring from the pangs of hungor, the incloraeucy of tho weath er, and grieving over tho dosolalion of their loved ones at homo. All along tho march there were bummers or stragglers intentionally left behind to do their horrid work. On several occasions they met with a warm reception at tho hands of Con federate scouts, who left their worth less bodies In the big road to toll tho talo. It was reported to Gen. Shorman when near Cheraw, and ho at onco / issued an order to retaliate upon theM prisoners in his charge. Tho modus! operandi was as follows : All of the! prisoners were formed Into lino, sur.V rounded by a company o( infantry. AnB Iii er read Gen. Sherman's ordorsj "That some of his foragers had bee Killed, and ono prisoner was to be ex ecuted for each one of his men killed by the Confederates." A small box containing a number of neans was presented each prisonor to draw one; a white bean was life, a black bean was death. Mr. Kvans and others around here drew white beans and their lives were saved for tho tlmo. A good old man near Mr. Evans drew a black bean ; this told him it ?vas death. Ho replied, " I am an old man, I have never been in tho army, navo never shouldered a musket; 1 would not repine to die in front of bat tle, but it is cowardly to kill an unpro tected prisoner. I have four sons in the army, and I believe they are right. I have been a deacon of the Presby terian Church for thirty years. Good bye, my friends. 1 will trust in God for the future." They marohed them ufT. In twenty tnlnutet) the sound of musketry told that they hud paid Sherman's brutal debt. On tho next day Gen. Wade Hampton's letter to Sherman was re eelved, (which The News and Courier has published on a former occasion.) Gen. Hampton wrote Sherman he had been informed of his brutal orders un known to civilized warfare, and that If any more of Iiis soldiers were killed ho would at once retaliate two for one, 0Iiioers preferred. This slopped another bean-drawing to be had next day. All honor to our noble, fearless Hampton. ? ?^mm> ? -?? WHY HE DIDN'T CAKE. A Western Stage Driver Mot With II in Match. As wc left Sandy Gulch for Rising Sun there were six male passougers to go by the stage, and the route was over the mountains and full of chances of disaster. The driver came out for breakfast as soon as tho stage was ready, and looking about on the pas Beugers he selected a small, palefacod man and 'nv itcd him to climb up beside him. While the pale-faced man was climbing the driver whispered to tho rest of us: " I picked him out in order to scaro him to death. You fellows will see a heap of fun before we've gone ten mi los I" Two minuloB west of the gulch tho road made a sudden turn with a sheer fall of a hundred feet down to Wild Cat creek, and tho driver put hin horses at the gallop and said to tho pale-faced man . " We may got around all right, or wo may fetch up down below. Hold yer breath and say vor prayers I" The passenger made no movo and did not change countenance, and after making the course all right tho driver ration' indignantly demanded : " Didn't you see that the olT-wheel run within a foot of the edge of tho precipice !" "It ran within six inches, sir !" was tho reply. Beyond tho curvi was a down grade of a mile, and with a yell and a flourish of his whip the driver urged his horses to a dead run. The live of us inside hail to hang on for dear life, and every half minute tin; lumbering stage sei'med bound to go over. Alongside tho driver the pali^-faced mar. smoked a cigar and seemed to enjoy the race. When it was finished and we were climbing tho bill beyond, tho driver growled : " Did ye know that if we'd struck a rock we'd all been dead men in no i time ?" "Of course." " Ami ye wasn't prayin'?" " Not at all." Three or four miles further on tho driver tried Iiis man with another curve. In his determination to mako a close call of it one, wheel ran oft tho edge of the preoipioo, and only a sud den elTort of the horses saved tho coach. We were flung in a heap and frightened half to death, hut the man beside the driver never lost a puff Of his cigar. When things were safe tho driver turned on him with : "That surely was the brink of tho grave." " (Jue.Hs it v as," was the quiet reply. "The einlest shave you will over have till the last one comes." " Yes." " Soo here, now, but what sort of a cr'.ttcr ar' you?" was the query. "Don't you know 'miff to git skoart'.'' " Nothing bus happened yet to scare, me." " Hut mebhe ye want me to dri,vo plumb over a precipice a thousand feet high ?" '? If you conveniently can Tho fact is, I came Off up here intend ng to com mit suicide, and if you can dump the whole of us over some olijl' you'll oblige me." --- ???--?- ? mm ?As yet tho origin of pearlB is u matter of mere speculation. The old theory that they were "congealed dewdrops pi'jrced by sunbeams" was supported by naturalists as lato as 1804. and is evidenced in a Venetian medal i bearing an open oyster-sholl receiving d -ops of rain, with the motto, "Uy tho * divino dew." Latter concliologista, however, contend that tho pearl nu cleus may besomo minute particlo, as a grain of sand, or tho frustlo of a dlutoin, or a tiny parasite, or perhaps one of the ova of tho pcarl-oystor ltsolf. Thib particlo or foreign body is gradu ally surrounded by thin layers of nae.ro until it is completely eucystud and tho poarl formed. Tho conseeutlvo layers may vary in brightness and jolor, and a defect may be caused by contact with anothor foreign substanco. thus chang lng the value with each now layer, and sometimos causing a * lively kernel" or "seed" to bo inclosed In an apparently poor pearl.- Lippincott's. --??"-*? ? mmm ?? ?Switzerland's agricultural products are valued at about $104,000,000 a yoar^ j This constitutes about huvuh*-? ^Sflfl I of what Is consumed lr. theooi Jm