Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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PRACTICAL SUG 3ESTIONS. T11K EXPEDIENCE OF FAliMEKS WHO HAU GOOD ADVICE TO STAUT WITH. Editor Cotton I'lnnt: Enclosed you will find nu article ol Mr. Ellisou s. Ke;tt, which 1 clipped from a rccont cepy of Tht liegister. I think it will i Wear publication in your columns. Hla experience is so Bimllar.to uiy own that I desire to emphasize Iho lesson taught by giv.'ug endorsement to tlie ttuth of the plan. Tito hither of the writer began farming in 1828 wilhout ? foot of laud of his own, and by hard work, good judgment and economy, making all things needed on the plan tation, ai.d having his COtlOU as n sur plus crop, and by having u Burplus every year of com, peas, I odder, oats. Wheat', CO tie and wool, was in 1801 WOrtlt about $160,000. His advice to me was almost identical to that glVOU by Col. Kcitt's father to him. I can, after au oxporleuoo of S'2 veers, testify to the S' UlldnCSS of Iho advice. 1 have followed on a small scale the advice rIvoii oxcept lhat l have uot sohl cotton when ready for market. 1 I have lost every year, with one or two exceptions, on cotton sold, but lam not prepared to say that I really lost. ] 1 never neglected inv farm work to inatket my cotton ! W hile losing oil my cotton 1 was enabled to keep up with my other interests. 1 am Bntisllcd that in the 32 years I have uot averaged over 0 hales of cot ton to the plow. In 188 I 1 reduced my cotton crop, worked bv wage hands, to 10 acres to the plow, and have not planted over 1*2 to the plow since, and never expect to, Cor the fol lowing good reasons: 1. 1 prepare the. land heiter, often running a grab plow behind the side plow, tlitis Bubsoiling, and preventing ilie land from washing so much and making more cotton than by the old plan and reducing the cost. "2. li ghts me more tune to devote to my corn ami small grain, ami time to plant peas after small gram. .'I. 1 am never rushed oxct pt at time of sowing small gralu, and if my better half wishes to use some of the plow aniuoais, it does not woiry mo to stop a plow for a day or two. 4. liy pursuing the above plan 1 have been able to make a very com fortable living, and to send live chil dren to college. Mr. Editoi, this article is not intend ed for self laudation, but to benefit those just Blurting in Lifo who are un COrlaiu about the plans to purSUQ to make asucccssoi fanning In slavery limes tin: most successful fanners were those who made their supplies lit home, and the most successful farmers since the war are those who make their supplies at home and keep out ol debt. "Ex."' To the "Editor of Tht Ii' gister: The father of the writ1 r devoted his life iC agriculture. He made lifty-live crops, lit; made everything on the plantation consumed on It lhat it was possible it make. Ho made till the grain and meat consumed on Ihe plantation and always had 8O1I10 to sell lie had (I flock of sheep that yielded enough wool for the clothes of all his slaves, whirl WOrO home made. The sinu s of all lilt slaves wen; made on the plantation lie always bought hats and caps foi the men and hoys. The writer knew him to haul his cotton to Charleston 8p miles, in 1843, and sell it al I conti per pound. Ho was a successful plan tor. His plantation v. as self-support' ing, and that Was his secret of success The writer has made forty-live crops He has never failed to make .sotllt money each year. Ho grows as neai as he can what is consumed Oil hi' plantation, lie does all his bttsiuesi for cash. He has no outstanding obli gallons and is on no one's paper as se ent ity. Standing security has wrocket more men than any one other thing. Avoid it as you would poison. Dcjubl to all alike and true to thyself. If the fanners of the South would b< prosperous and happy, lei each uiu tsliivc first to make all on the farm they can lhat is consumed on it am some to spare. Afterth.it, plant all tin. cotton possible and make every pound possible. This is the determination ol the writer, When he started life, his father gati him ihe following advice: ? ?AI ways plant for dry weather Give good distance. Never plow tin ground when it i;j too wet. Novel stop plows because of dry weather, When you have everything ready fot market, sell it. .Never hold for llighei prices." J have (h ne this for fifty years, and have beaten all who held for highei prices. Ellison S. Keitt. Enoree Plantation, Jan. 1. THE GOOD ROADS PROBLEM. comparison OK european AND american UOAHS?WHAT history SAYS. The following is from the. Secretary of the State Good Roads Association and contains some useful information i With the introduction of broken stone roadways in the early part of the present country commenced a period of great activity in road building . throughout Europe. American travel ers who havo will ten about European loads are tided with admiration and wonder at the extent of the system and the high degree of perfection at tained. There the farm or markets his crops and transports hi-> supplies with greater case than would be possible even on our city streets, while traveling for pleasure and social mtcicouisc is rendered easy aud delightful. The roads arc equally good at all seasons and in all weathers, and in consequence the fanner leserves his hauling for rainy days, and employs his teams and men in profitable far u work on every good day. It is not essential to the object of Uns paper to enter into any description of these ro ids, but some comparative figures will servo to show their im mense superiority over our own. The average working load of a team is manifestly the practical test of the cfl'c'oncy of the roads. In the United States the average load for a team of " two horses is 2,000 pounds, and in the cotton Suites only 1,897 pounds. In Bal'dum a pair of hort.es will draw 4,408 pounds to market, a distance of 1ft miles, and return with an equal load in one day. In England a two horse team will take 4,600 pounds 10 miles and back per day for six days in the week. In France it is not uncommon to load one ho.-so with 4,000 pounds, while two will of cou-so draw l-vico as much. . In (lern.an) the average load for two horses is 0,000 pounds, and the averngo haul eight miles, wlulo a load of 12,000 pounds for a distance of 12 miles is reported. In Italy the average load \* 10,700 pounds and tho haul oight miles. In Sicily tho load is 3,000 gouiids and tho haul 20 miles. In witzorlanti the average haul'is 10 miles and tho load 0,000 pounds. Tho ratio of 2,000 to 6,000 fairly lenrosents As to the extent of the road system . in European countries, 1 have been unable to get any exact figures except for France, which, with an nroa of 204,000 squaie miies, is credited with OVor 100,000 miles of public highways, or one mile of road to every one-half mile of territory. About had of this mhoago is the duos! type of StOUO roads and all arc maintained in the highest stale of perfection. The sum of $0,800, I UUO is uXMOUc'od yearly in building new roads and renewing old ones, ami 000,000 is expended in maintenance and inspection. 1 We are inclined lo excuse the poor showing we make in this comparison OH tbe plea that our country is wew and miciior in wealth t> the European countries. But u must be remembered that the work of modem roail building did not commence in Europe uuiil the beginning of this century, and that it has not boon confined l>\ any means to the rich and powerful nations. Switzerland, which is particularly har ten of resources, is second only to France in the excellence of her roads, some of which have cost as much for a single mill' as we would be willing to spend for a whole county. Anil dcsli tuu and Impoverished Greece is build ing and maintaining a system of mod ern roads that would be a revelation 10 any American St de. These Euro pean countries have '.earned the lesson that we must learn, that, rich or poor, they cannot afford to be without good roads, not because they arc a delightful lllMiry, but a business necessity ; just as the successful farmer has learned that he cannot afford to do without good implements, mac'iinery and wagons. Most of these countries, and partic ularly England, have tried as we have done the vaiious expedients for build ing roads without taxation, but all have long since realized the universal truth thai to get anything worth hav v g it must be paid (or, and it is now the universal custom to cai ry }n road work in the samu.munncr as other great public cnterpiises. In America scarcely a beginning has been made in scientific road building. Massachusetts was the li st Slate to adopt advanced methods, and in 18112 I the. State assumed the entire control aid expense of the roads. Under -killed engineers she is now rapidly building a line system of roads costing from 85,000 to $20,000 per mile. Con necticut and New Jersey, under a sys tem of Slate aid and supervision, have lor several years been building excel lent highways. California his a high way commission, who are studying the bucslion for that Slate. Ohio has about 6,000 miles of line turnpike and 1 Kentucky about 1,nun miles ; while Vir ; ginia has some 7UU miles, all built be fore 1 he war. Many counties and local communities in other Slates have made considerable progress in road imp: OVO mcnt, notably Wake and Mecklenburg ' counties in North Carolina. It is not uncommon on the roads of these couu 1 ties to sec a two horse wagon carrying [ nine bales of cotton. But aside ftoin these few OXCoptlotU American roads arc well described b> [ Dr. Bagby in "The Old Virginia CJen ' llcnian," as quoted by ,Judge Christiai 1 in the Virginia good roads convention Ho says: "Pleasant it was to troi through these forests on a hol hummer's day, knowing what was U come at the j. urney': end ; pleasant ' too, to b >wl along under the archini 5 bows, albeit the nils WC?*e terrible it places, and there were two or three immemorial holes made by the butt; ? of new logs, that made eveiy vehicle ? hm chiefly tin* bug-back carriage, lurcl ; ami careen like a ship in a heavy sea 1 Hut these were, useful holes. The} educated the young nogro driver am N compelled the. old one to keep hi: wrinkled, mealy hand in. They toned or rather tuned, up the nerves of tin ' young ladies, and gave them exeusi ? for uttering the prettiest shrieks. . ' Many were the short but fervent pray ers e jaculated by the old ladies in con ; sequence jf these same holes, whicl ; cai ie to be the provocatives of latent 1 piety, and on that account were nevei 1 molested." ClIAS. C. WILSON, j Secretary. - THE CREDIT SYSTEM. Editor Cotton Plant: The cotton glowers have organized throughout " the Stale of South Carolina to raise ' the price of cotton. While the gold standard has operated in the produc '. lion of lower prices ol all labor pro? , ducts, including cotton, it Is not the only factor in fixing lower prices of I cotton. The credit system on which I arms are operated is the vital cause of low prices of cotton. The hen law furnishes the cotton plant is credit for supplies to make his crop. Eicns be come due in October and November. Consequently the bulk of I ho cotton is forced on the market in these two ' months, and the result is that pur chasers fix prices in their own inter est. The conditions of cotton growers are different to what th -y were before the war. Then they owned the labor and employed it improving their farms as well as making cotton. The result was they made farm supplies at homo and were not forced to sell cotton un til the price suited them. Now cotton Is grown by tenants who havo no in terest in improving farms. Conse quently it takes all they make to pay their liens. If we would learn by the experience of Europe we would give long leases and thus make it the ten ants, Interest lo improve the farm which would enable them to make homo supplies and hold cotton for better prices. James R. Maqill. Farmers frequently make tho mis lake of buying land adjoining and loading themselves with a debt which burdens them all the be>t years of thein lives, s lys Drainwje. Journal. Whew the put chase was made they had a few hundred dollars tit command lo make the Iii t payment, and Iroin the day ol I In; purchase the deferred payments draw interest, and, like tin eating moth, night and day it draws uoon the lifo and energy of those who burden them selves in this way. If they had taken the money with which they made tho first payment and applied it in tho un derdrainage of tho land which they owned, the result would have been far more gratifying. By tile droning tho crop product could have been increased fioin f>0 to 100 per cenl., which would have added much each year to their Income, so that in a few years they might have had tho money, at tho samo time been fico from tbe burdens of debt, ai d in eery way better off. A woman living in Louisiana is sup porting herself comfortably on tho pro ceeds of a farm on which 8ho laisea nothing but mint. All the prlnciplo hotels and restaurants of Now Orleans purchaso their mint from her, and she makes enough during the summer months, whon juleps and other cooling drinks containing mint are in demand, to enahlo her Lo live comfortably NEW IDEA IN POTATO GROW- ' I NU. The following extract from a paper ' read by L. II. Head, .superintendent of Rivervicw Seed Earn, (irand RapidB, 1 Wis., will he found very interesting: I waDt to call yoiu'attention to the idea that has been growing popular for several years in some sections regard ing what is known as the Southern Second Crop Seed. Many claim lhat BUch seed is even better than the North ern Seed Potatoes, which so many Southern planters have been in the habit of purchasing eaeli succeeding year. Now, I set out to discover if this was a fact, and if so, why it was so. If this second crop seed is better than all other seed, there must he some reason for its being so. I have never read or heard any reasonable explanation of the fact, and so have devoted considerable study to the matter, and believe that 1 have found the reason why it is better for seed than much ripe stock, ami am i willing to admit that in part the claim is well founded. It is claimed lhat the so-called "sec oud crop seed" will keep sound and llrm until the season for planting lias arrived. This is true, and in this fact 1 believe lies the entire secret. 1 have discovered by continued ex- i periments that when a potato is per fectly ripe unless kepi in practically cold <, storage, it will soon begin to wilt. In other words, it ovaporales a part of its I moisture, thus leaving "the tuber shrunken and less Iii for seed purposes ?in the same way that a wilted cut ting of currant or oilier plant grows less vigorously than an uuwhted one. Repeated observation shows ihat a tuber that has no! reached full maturi ty will retain ils moisture, and for many months continue, as linn and solid as when dug under conditions where a ripe one will not. Such a potato often, on being cut for seed, will crack ahead of the knife, it is so brittle, and the juice will run from it as from a newly dug tuber. It is in juot the condition to give its spiouts the noc'cssary amount of moisture to start a strong, thrifty plain, suited to produce a boun tiful crop. The fully ripened tuber, on the other hand, has already passed the prime of lifo and is on the decline, as soon as wilted. Its sprouts have not the neces sary vitality to give them a prooer start in life, any more than have the oil spring of aged animals, or the buds of ' a shnu ken i urrant cult lug. It is a well established fact in animal husbandry that the offspring of animals 1 that have only reached the lull llushol ? maturity are much thriftier than ttiose " of animals that have begun to go down ' ihe decline of life. The same law holds ? I in Ihe propagation of plants of all kinds; ! I propagate from the strong, thrifty and ? I robust, but not from the weakly, de ! j clin'ug plants lhat are withered or are ^ . approaching old age. ' j You never cut your grafts from old ' or shrunken wood, bit*, from young, ' vigorous growth. Hear in mind the 1 potato is not a eced, but is a swollen, t underground stem, in whieb are stored " j up starch, juices, etc., lor the feeding 1 i of the young sprout. ? I Perhaps you will say, why is not the , fulh matured tuber bettet than one half L prown? For cortaluly it would stand ' to rcasou that it would be better sup i plied with the necessary chemical eou? ' slilucnts than the smaller, immature 1 tuber can be. 5 j 1 say that, under right conditions, it 1 J is. Put in order to retain ibis vigor of ? i full maturity you must at once, by I ? some process, provide a met hod of 8U8 ? pending all life action. In other words, ! you must telard Nature's plan. Fol ' in that plan, maturity once reached, 4 j then conies decay and the wasting > ; away of old age. And with that conies' the loss of vigor, ard with this loss ol 3 ! vigOl comes inability to produce vigor ? I ous and robust offspring. The fully matured potato, if it could ? be used soon after maturity, or kept II f**oul all contact wilh warm, dry air, k that v ould cause, it to wilt and deteri p orate, is as gooti seed as c in be had. ? ? - THE FARMER'S OPPORTUNITY. In an address delivered before the Farmers' Institute at Reynolds, 111., S. > W. Heath said: It has always been advocated b\ the ? theorist and politician that all our in I dustrial interests are closely connected, the one depends in a greater or lesser ? degree upon the other. This theory sounds good, but in practice it is found that the farmci always conies out at the little end of the horn. Tue farmer has too many people to support ; too many new institutions and ^inventions to maintain; and still more coming year by year. Do we realize that practically we support the wdiolo social and industrial tabric of our country ? The past summer prac tically all the coal mines of the coun try were tied up for several mouths, but caused scarcely a ripple in the busi ness world, except among those dhcet ly connected with them. Tie up the farming interests for the same length of time and the business world would , paralyzed and untold suffering would be the consequence among all classes of society ami every business in the country. Brother farmers, wo are not united in our efforts to better our condition. We practice a kind of "dog eat dog" policy. There are in every community men who arc classed as the leading farmers who aro well to do; who com bine buying and selling farm products with Ihe producing of the same, and as the ttadc phrase goes, a "thing weJJ bought is half sold " This policy when practiced causes the Inner to become a "bear" in the market and of course it is to his interest to have the product of oilier farms as low in the market as pos sible. Thero is too much selfishness, too much "want it all" disposition among us. We should stand by each other. Lote VC! V farmer make every other farmer's interest Ins interest, as in fact it is his interest. Other lines of organized business do this, and un til we do it we will be al the mcicy of every other organization, and (fig uratively speaking) destroyed in detail. The farmers of the country should combino as one man and crush out of existence all boards of trade, so-called, whore farm products aro used as a basis for their gambling operations How long would these places be per mitted to deal in manufactured arti cles? Would il not be. as appropriate to trade in cotton, or woolen goods, railroad iron, farm implements and hundreds of other manufactured arti cles, as in .he products of the farm t Yes ? butwell ? tho manufacturer places'tho price on his good* himself. Tho farmer allows tho other-party to fix tho prico on his, and that a ficti tious onu in tho interest of tho ma nipulator. Little James, four years old, was pointing, out a cow to a playmate. "See tho bell around her neck," he said. "Do vou know what that is for ? That is wlu.t she rings when she wants to tell tho calf that dinner is ready." JTIE DISTRIBUTION OF SEED. The Atlanta Constitution calls atten- ! li??U the systematic regularity with which our national lawmakers address themselves each year to the weighty | problem of statesmanship involved in , the distribution of garden seed. Apro pos, there is now pending in Congress a measure which seeks to appropriate the sum of if 130,000 to be expended in the purchase of garden seed lor distri bution during the current year; and with the deepest solicitude lor the wel fare of the American farmer, it may be gravely inquired, does this yearly dis tribution of garden seed over the United States accomplish the purpose for which it was intended? During the past decade some SI ,200. 0110 or more has been expended in this manner, and if any practical good has resulted therefrom, it lias not made it sell apparent in the improved condi tion of our American farming inter ests. Secretary Wilson himself is on record as saying that results have not been satisfactory, and that little harm could accrue to the agricultural depart incut from discontinuing the appro priation. Originally, the idea involved in the j yearly distribution of garden seed was to familiarize the farmers of the coun try with the latest varieties of secd,atul to encourage diversification in the I matter of crops. But this idea has long since become obsoellc; and the ' distribution of seed is now carried on ! hugely for political purposes. Of course the agricultural department it self sends o .1 some of the. seed distri buted; but most of the year's supply is sent out by Congressmen and Sena tors, who manage adroitly to further their o*A*n political inteiests while ostensibly seeking to fuither theagri I cultural interests of their constituents. I Since the same varieties of seed arc I are sent out year after year, it is evl ] dent that if any good is accomplished I through the disu ihulinn, it must bo of apolitical and not of an agiicullural 1 nature. Whatever seeks to promote the wel fare of the American farmer should meet with hea"ly encouragement; and if the distribution of garden seed over the United States, as now carried on, served to promote the agricultural In terests* of the country in the least, there would be no ground for opposing it. But such is not the case; and as the matter now stand-1, the un ieccssary expenditure of thousands, of dollars annually in the purchase of seed sup plies is diametrically opposed to sound Democratic principles. Cannot this money bo diverted into other channels which will enable it to insure betier re turns to the American farmer? VARIETTFJS OF GRASSES AND CLOVERS. Tho most commonly cultivated grasses in the Eastern United Stales are timothy, orchard grass, red top, and Kentucky blue grass, or .June grass. It would be. hard lo find a farmer whe did not know and recognize these, and yet there are comparatively few win have ever tried to grow one ol the dozen or more valuable grasses which are being constantly recom mended by seedsmen and by expert i mental agriculturists. Nearly all art familiar with white, red, crimson, ant als.kc clovers, alfalfa, or luccrn, the , cowpea, and the soy beau, but main fanners are equally uninformed as u the merit of numbers ol species whicl : are well known and widely cultivate* in Europe. Besides these foreigi grasses and forage plants, there an many native species which might bt '. profitably grown. There area greater number of natiw \ grasses in North America than in auj : other one continent, und there arc as ? many in the United Slates as in Eur< p< and Asiatic Russia combined. Then are more than 200 native clover-; I vetches, aud lupines, none of whicl have been brought into cultivation or an extended scale. Many of these ' native grosse* are undoubtedly equal u (hose grasses which have been Intro duecd into cultivation because of thott commonness, or perhaps because then seeds were conspicuous or easily gallr ered. The native species have the od< vantage over (he introduced des ol being acclimated. They are perfectly adapted to those situations where |thc.v naturally grow, and need not be imme diately replaced by introduced sorts There is need of every farmer taking an interest in the wild grasses and forage plants of his farm, and there is no doubt that the cultivation of tho best of the wild kinds would benefit him, both directly to help fill on' the grass crop and indirectly by producing new crops which would have money value. All the cultivated cereals and grasses originated from small begin nings, from a few seeds gathered in a meadow or by the wayside, which wore taken care of and cultivated for a num ber of successive years on an evcr iticreosing scale. It is work that can be done by the practical farmer as well as by the experimental agriculturist. AGRICULTURAL TEXT BOOKS. There has been some recent discus sion of the subject of introducing tho teaching of the principles of scientific agriculture into tho public schools, We heartily indorse the plan ; al least so far as the country schools are Concern ed. At present tho active generation of farmers are, with cxtiemcly rare exceptions, absolutely ignorant of even the plainest Scientific principles that undetlie the business of farming. And being thus ignorant, they make mis takes constantly that not only prevent successful crop growing, but result, iu the course of time, in great injury to their farms, ft is true that fanning is not by any means uu exact science Too many factors enter into \be problem of lalsing tho largest 'crops at the least expenditure for any test hook <o bo ever compiled that will tcaob every thing about farming. But if tho rudi ments aic taught, the boy oi girl pos sessed of ibis fundamental knowledge will havo a good foundation upon which to huild with observation and experience all that is needed io make a most successful farmer. A text book for this purpose should nol go farther than to teach the composition of vaii ou8 soils and how tho soils are mado ; how planto feed and how they grow, aud the various elements of plant food ; tho general rules for plar.ting ; the functions of tillage and moisture in plant production | tho philosophy of ami necessity for ro'ation ; the func tions of manures and fertilisers in plant growth and tho methods of treat ing and applying them and othor things along this general line, not omllt'ng, of course, the methods of recuperating worn soils. While this would bo a i/ciy limited stock of farm knowlcdgo. it would bo of immense value and would certainly he. sufllciopt to start a v'oung mau just beginning to farm on the Way to profitable and prosperous farming.?Tri State Farmer. CUKE F?ll HOC! CHOLERA. SUCCESSFUL EXl'EHIMENTS W ITU A N T l-T OX IN E T RE ATM E N T. The chief of the bureau of animals industry, Dr. D. E. Salmon, has sub mitted to Secretary Wilson a report upon the experiments made in the treatment of hogs for hog cholera with anti-toxiuo serum. This serum is made up on ttic same principle as the anti toxine of diphtheria. Oood serum has been obtained from both horses ami cattle, a hotso or cow being inoculated with tho hog cholera virus in small quantities al Ii i st , and with larger doses after suitable intervals of time. The resistance of the animals is thus raised to I tie highest practicable point. The blood of such an animal, when injected under the skin of sw hie, has been found to possess both a preventive and a curative action. Tl is scrum was first tested upon small animals in the labo ratory and, being found ellicacious, was, last fall, tested in Page County, Iowa, on several herds of swine, con taining altogether 278 animals. Leav ing out one herd, from nhich definite returns as to cause of death could not be obtained, only ,'IU died out of 244 animals treated, of which 80 were sick. Consequently 82.8 pel cent, of the ani mals in these herds were saved. 01 untreated herds kept under observation dining the period referred to about 85 I per cent, of the animals died Dr. Salmon believes that, with experience, a better quality of serum can be pro pared, and he lias no doubt that this per centage can he maintained here after. Roferriug to this report, Secretary Wilson remarked that, undoubtedly, the results reported by I).. Salmon were the most encouriging to hog raiseis. The cost of the serum now, said the secretary, is but ten cents per head of animals treated, only one dozen being required, and doubtless in course of time this light cost may be ?tili fur ther reduced "It is my opinion," said the secre tary, "of the utmost importance that this serum for the next year, nt least, be made by the bureau under our own supervision, and distributed in large quantities in order to demonstrate its efltaaC" Upon a more extended scale. It is absolutely essential that, during the experimental stage, serum of un doubted quality he used. Unless the hog glowers can obtain it from this department they will be forced to de pend upon what can he obtained from private sources and, owing to the. nov eily of this product, not only will dis COUraglogty cxhorhitanf prices be charged for it, but in many cases in ferior products may be offered. This would preclude the possibility of mak ing a SatlsfaclOiy test on a widely ex tended scale. "1 propose to ajsk Congress to provide an appropriation necessary lo enable this department to furnish 2,000,000 dozens of serum during the mod year, and to make a considerable poition ol the appropriation immediately avail able. It seems from Dr. Salmon's re port that it takes three or four months to put a horse or cow in condition tti supply the serum, consequently the work upon an cxtt tided scale must be undertaken at once. "The. losses from hog cholera arc sc enormous and have weighed so heavily for years upon cur farmers that 1 cannot imagine that Congress will, fot a moment, hesitate to make the appro ' print ions necessary lo carry on IhU 1 1 work thoroughly. Indeed, apart from 1 the great stake the farmers have in 1 this mutter, to refuse lo provide lor il thorough test of this remedy now i i would he, indeed, penny wise and j pound foolish; for the discovery of the J I serum has involved already mail) ' years of work and a large .stun ol ' money. It would be a great mistake 1 . now that so great a discoveiy seems ti ' have been made, not to finish the. woil > 1 by giving it a thorough rind extensiv? 1 , test." WASH I N(i FLANNELS. "Shave a quarter of a pound of soap into a granite saucepan, add one quart of boiling water, stir over the lire until dissolved," writes Mrs. S. T. Rorcr in the Ladies* Home Journal. "Poui this into a tub half filled with water at a temperature of 100 degrees Fah renheit. Mix well. Have on the lefi sjdc of the tub a bucket of clear, warm water, 100 <legre.es Fahrenheit, into which you may p.)l a half teaspoonful of household ammonia. Take each piece of fjanne) singly and immerse it in the suds. Soap should never he rubbed on flannels, nor should llaunels ever be rubbed on a hoard. Wash them pressing and drawing through the hands, rubbing the soiled places quickly with the hands. Kinse. at oijce in clear water, and wring by pressing one hand under the otln r, or through a wringer. Never twist in the wring ing. Shake well and hang lo dry im mediately ; then proceed to wash the second piece. The llanuels when nearly dry must be taken from the line and pressed with a hot iron. He care ful that it ia not, however, too hot, or it will destroy the color. Flannels washed in this way will retain their soft texture and original size until com pletely worn oul. No deviations from these directions, however, can he made. For colored Manuels make a suds as above. To the warm water for rinsing add four tahlespoonfuls of while wine vineunr, ot a liny bit of acetic acid which has been thoroughly dissolved. It is always well lo wait for a bright day before washing Man ncls. They should be dried as quickly as possible." -?? - Cow PEAS.-?A Missouri fanner, who had been persuaded by his wife to try planting a few cowpeas, trot such ex traordinary results that he became an enthusiastic advocate of this speciosof jeguinc. The experience of this man was about ihe same as that of ad who haye made a fair teat of cowpeas; they grow in poor land, they yield a crop of twenty to thirty bushels per acre of peas; they make the best, hay known for all kinds of stock; the hulls, afjtei the peas aro shelled, are ? atcn greedily by both sheep and cows; and lastly, they improve tho soil as much as any of the legumo family. No ono \j&ho lias had any experience of cown?Pwill fail to indorse all the claims puTTorward by this man as to this vahiamc crop, and yet it is only a hi naif percentage of farmers who grow them for any pur pose. As the crop is dways an ex tremely salablo ono, both for food and for seed, at prices lhat pay better than cotton, and as they require but little cultivation and always leave the land more productive than beforo they were planted, it would seem that their claims upon tho attention of farmers thr< ugb DUt tho cntiro South would absolutely be hresistible. Tho year 181)8 will bo i good one in which to give them a tost.?Tri-State Farmer. The best systems of cropping are in variably thoso which call for too most borough preparation of the soil. Every farm has a place for shooj hat Pi other stock can fill. .? '.-ti SALT IN THE HOUSEHOLD. | Hosides being a necessary Ingredient in most kinds ofcookorv, an appetizing Addition to man\ articles ol raw food, and the pi into necessity in catching a lord, the laundress puts a tritle of salt in her starch, adds it in larger tinanti tity to tho water in which she washes ginghams and other colored fabrics, rubs it well int?) the spots where oxalic acid has been applied to icmovo Irou stulu to neutralize the acid ; or smooths tho Hat iron by rubbing it upon salt sprinkled on a hit of paper, says the Family Doctor. The housewife adds a pinch to tho water in her bouquet-holder that the 'lowers may lolaiu their freshne*s ; scours the tea or coffee stains from the cups with it ; ha. a portion put in whitewash lo make it adhere more closely to the surface where applied : obtains good results by throwing a handful into tin; dull coal lire with no explosive results : or if the wood lire gets beyond her control and the chim ney catch lire, a quantity thrown into the stove serves as a damper to the flames; if the. fire-biick gives way in her cooking range, a paste of equal parts of salt and wood-ashes mixed with cold water, and g.veu a little time to harden well supplies the loss ; for cleaning any ai tide of brass or copper, salt, with vinegar or a slice of lemon, is called into use, and followed by brisk polishing with a soft, dry towel. In the nurse's department, the "homo doctor" applies the strong solu tion of salt and vinegar to the sprain ; the heated salt-bags or salt mingled with hops, for iho relief of severe pain ; for a strong poultice heats to gether salt and the yolk of an egg ; for inflamed eyelids 01 slight spots of skin poisoning uses the weak solution of salt ami water ; applies dry sa't as a dentrifice, cleansing the teeth and hav ing a most salutary offectOH the gums ; as a dry shampoo, ruboing sail into the hair at night to be combed out in the morning, leaving a clean scalp ; administers salt straight for hem orrhage of the lungs or stomach ; or a spoonful in a glass of cold water for nau sea ; for slight burns and fresh cuts, binds on the affected parts moistened salt ; for neuralgia of feet or limbs, bathes those parts with the strong solu tion of salt in water as hot as :s bear able Tho testimony of the "good hook" is that "salt is good," and she wdio holds the three-fold position of house wife, nurse and laundress (as do many wives) must surely have often proved this true, and realized the terseness and strength of the utterance. LlTTLK Fa K ms. ? Many farmers spread their labors over too large an area of land, doing nothing well and being always hurried ami behind with their work, with no time for rest or re creation, says a writer in tho Epiloinisl, ! My attempting to covor too much ? ground, foe work is only half accom ? pl'shcd, with the result- that the yield i ! is much lessened and the quality of an i inferior grade, so that the returns from I : the largo farm in many Instances will !' not cover cost of production ; while If there should be a surplus, large taxes i and cost of repairs will swallow it up, ' so that the hard-worked farmer hut nothing to show at the end of the year ? I for his long season of labor. ? I Of course there are some men pos i ' scssed will) capital and exceptional husi : ' I10SS talent who are making large fame i J pay all expenses and yield a handsotlK i profit besides ; but the majority ol , farmers will secure better results am I j obtain more real Olljoymoilt for them selves and families by adopting a sys tem of intensive farming. r' TltAXSPLANTINQ Sit aim: TkKKS.? There is no bettor time to transpl in shade frees than during the win'ei when the trees arc dormant, as tin. digging up and moving does not inter fere with their sap circulation at thai time. It pays to dig up quite largi trees to set out for shade, for then they an; of me in a year or two. Din I a ditch around the lreo several fee", j from the body, culling off the roots { cleanly as they are exposed. Then ; undermine the lice until it tips over. Trim tho top as closely as the roots ! have been trimmed, roll the rools on a i mud boat and tksnako" it to the place j where it is lo be set out. flrace it so it will not blow over, and in the spring it will start into new and vigorous growth, und in a year or two make a IhivK sh i le. Thousands of trees were dug up on the silo of the World's Fair a.id set out in another place, in this way, and nearly every one of them is a nice shade tree now. -mm ? m-? A GoonOiNTMKNT. ?Soften ;< quan tity of fresh lard and add an equal amount of ca nphor. Stir constantly, cooling the lard quickly, so that as it hardens llie camphor will be thor oughly incorporated. Keep in a low open-mouthed bottle or tin salve box. When needed lor colds in the head, boaiseucss, etc., rub the temples, nos trils, throat, palnis of the hands and bottoms of the feet thoroughly, hea! ing it in. If necessary, apply to a cloth and place over the lungs or threat. This is especially adapted for use for infants.?. Farm and9Fireside, S4 Many men fool with sickness Jas as a bear fools around a trap. A inai He says O, it amounts to nothing. I slinl be ?11right to-morrow." ]i?t he isn't a riffln to morrow; nor the next clay. Pretb loon the trap snaps to; and he has som, serious disease fastened on him The only sensible course is to keen awa from the trap, and not allow sickness to ire to trifle with Indigestion and bilious troub ItlvS "n bm,,cf 1 ,at U,py *i" CUr? them HZt a 1 0 thcydra* *?? ?hol, system down with them. When the appetite and digestion are ir refnilar it shows that the machinery of thi body is out of order and is not doinir ik proper work; the blood-circulation is poorb nupphod and is being gradually debase by bilious poisons. The proper alterative for this condition I. Dr. Piercc's Golden Medical Discovery I acts directly ?,?,? the diKestive function, and the liver; and enables the blood-mak ing glands to supply nn abundance of pun blood, rich with the nutritious vital ele ments? which build up healthy flesh am enduring strength. In all impoverished and run down cond: Honi he ? Discovery? i? far better thai malt extracts" or nauseating "einul ll^LtU \\ 7?*? genuine permanin strength. It does not make flabby fat htr solid muscle It is a perfect tonic for cor pulent people. A full account of its properties and mar yelous effects n many ao-called " hopeless' Cases, verified by the patients' own sir natures, \t given In one chapter of Doctdl HS!*? ? thousand - page illustrated book The People s Common Sense Medica Adviser." This splendid volume will bi sent fr-<? on receipt of at one-cent stamni to nay.??-cot* only. Address, tf? E V- Main ?treet. Baffalo, N. Y For a cloth-bound copy send 31 stamps. -''.ttwtag ??'""ef,'<t for several years with itidi 2I^5,-C!,*^?r .S.0".1,yi p" %. 1 concluded to In tour valuable 'Oolden Medical ni?eovery ? a/ lertaking five bottles I waa entirety aired atao suffered from bladder trouble, which ?? Mso cu^d by the' Discovery.' I fiel Tu? ? S?.* An Enterprising Farmer.?Tiie Darlingtonian contains the following mention ot Mr. James Doughen, of Palmetto, who is ono of Darlington County's enterprising farmers : "Jim is a full blooded Irishman and never does things by halves. He is not only the happv papa of a very line hoy, hut he lias ."{() hales ol cotton lav ing in bis yard waiting for a better price. He killed hogs last week and now lias in his smoke-house 5,000 H)8 of pork. Ile also informed us that he has 200 bushels of last year's corn in his barn. Mr. Duughcn is a hard working, industrious citizen, and hard times don't affect him in any way whatever. By Industry hp thrives." -?? ? *?^?? ? Tin' terms far.n and plantation have a widely different signification in gen eral parlance. The farm is devoted to a diversity of crops, while the planta tion is given up to one crop, as sugar, cotton, coffee, etc. Hence in no proper sense is a planter a farmer. This di versity of crops is not only eini.iently wise, but is an incalculable blessing to the Slate, and oft00 proves to be the financial salvation of the farmer.? A merx'jin Fanner. W. II. MARTIN, Attorney at Law, LAukens, - South Carolina. Will practice, in all Courts of this (Stan Attention glvAll to collections. II. Y. simpson. 0. 1). bark8dalf SIMPSON & B A it KS DA L IS, Attorneys at Law, LAURENS, SOUTH CAROLINA S peeial attention givon to the investi gation of titles and collection of claims B. W. BALL. L. W. S1MKINS. \V. w. BALL BALL, SI M KINS & It A LL, Attorneys at Law, laurens, South Carolina. Will practice in all Stale and United States Court. Special attention tfiven collections SOUTHERN RAILWAY. ?oudensml Soliotlwl? la Jlli Y 4, 1807. 3gs STATIONS. infFi Lv^GhiuTseton.. lit. wlamtilti... '* Proauerlt/.. " Newoerrv .. " Ninety-Six.. Ar. C+t oanwood . " Hodgoi ..... ?r. AoWtfia ... Ar. B?ito?....rr Ar. Ardftrum^ irrQrMnrllU . Xr, Att*nu".., Z r-TB-ri ?wjlj NoTfft. STATION)*. I.v. Qr?*nvlll? .. " Ptodmont... " WUtlnmtton LXUAAAH ul. fjv. ?n<lf i ton.? ? ? i ti Lv. Ballon. Ar. Donuiddl.i. LtTawi*ynii_._. . ....... ^ t>v. Ho^gnt. " Oroonwood. " Ntn?ty-KI?. " Nawbarrjr. " PinnperUy. Ar. Columbia. ... ?r. CK?rt<itoa. .? ?. r>*ilyT)niTyf ?n. e.No.l3| RTTT i B 2 i * [Tl ? ? m, li 3 p g 1 li g g 5 tr?r7 m I BT I - TP paL? goopirn ? ?6p I 2*p 1 Oftp 19 3rtp 11 Up 11 4f* ii as* I *<a !& t *>? 6Mp err? t to* 6 06? im YSop T UK Lr. Ts&rrii. ,T~. 0 07? 12 15pl ".AI?totj. lOlMa' 12ftp! ?? ... t-'antuo 102ttol 202p ?? ... ., Uidnn... 10 ?'.?p "... Jr.,ie?vlllli 10 Mni 287pl " . .... F?<v>let. . 11 2d? 8 lap Ar S|iartnnburf 11 *.'iH S!'k1i> I.v Bji?rtnutiurg 8 46ul 7 lA'j. Ar ._ Anhavill?.. . . or 8 AM "P," p. m. "A," a. ra. Train* 9 und 10 carry cir^an? Pnll-waa ?2*nplng .-?in bota/Mta 0>>lunl,ia und Aohaviii'* en rout* dally Utwetn Jaokauuvlllo at.d Ol?ola Train* leave. Spnrtnnt.urf, A. A C. dtrlalon. porthbnun.t. f-'tfl a.m.. S:4, p.m., *:18 p.m., (VoaMbule Limited); boio hlxMind 13:16 a. ta.. 4:16 p. m., 11 :87 a. in.. (V??tlbiil<t I.lmitad.) Train* laava Ornenvllln, A. and C dlvlataav. portK.bound. f> <?'? a nv. 2 ?1 o. m. and 6:80 p. aft* iV??ttbuled Lliniifld): avmthtKinnd. litt a. na. Jfcjp. m., 12:80 p in ( Vanlbuled IJinltad) l'ullnmn Servtoe. Pnllman nala.-o k'neplng oars on Tralaa KB **a4 |fl, ?7 and 88. o.i A ?ml G. division W. H. ORBIOI , J M QtH> On. Baparliitondent, Traffic iPf**. Washington, D. U Waahtnfctoa, D. O A. TURK S. R. HABDWIOK. tirn. Paaa. ('I. A*'?Uao. Paaa. Art, WM?ln?> ?i 1? ft AliwiOv, i? CHARLESTON A WK8TKRN CAKO \s Una Railway Co. '? Augusta and Asbc villo Sliort Line." tichedule in effect Oct 3rd, 18'.r7. Lv Augusta. 'J 40 am I 40 pro \ r U.'oenwood.12 17 pro . Lv Andersen. r> 10 am Ar Laurons. 1 15 pin 7 no aro GroonvLle. 2 00 pm 10 30 am Glonn Springs. 4 05 pm .... Bpartnnuurg. 3 00 pm 0 25 air Baluda . 6 8 ? pm . Hendoruonville. .. 0 03 pm . Ashoville. 7 00pm . .... iV Asbevillo.8 20 8m . bpartanhurg.1140 am 4 .'!) pm Grcenv?lo.1155 am 4 (A) pm Laurcns.... .. 115 pm 7 3) pro Anderson. 7 00 am . Greenwood. 2 2? pm 9 35 pm \rAugusta. 5 00 pm 11 L0 t?n Ar Aiken. ? 50 pm Lv Grcenvillo .... . 11 60 am Ar (Minion. 2 10 pm New berry... 2 57 pm Prosperity. 3 13 pm Columbia. 4 30 \>j?. Bumtor. 0 42 pm Lanes. . ...._7 48 pro Lv Charleston. 7 00 am Lanes. 8 2(> am Bumtor. 9 36 am Columbia. 11 00 aro Prosperity . 11 58 an. Newlicrry. 12 10 pm Clinton. 12 50 pro Ar Grcenvillo- . .. 3 no pro Close co.nnoctioi)8 at Greenwood for al points Oil B. A. L. and C. A. G. Railway, anr at (Spartanburg with Bouthorn Railway. For information relativo to tickata, rH t schedules, etc. address i\ J. C11 ALU, Gen 4. K (irllli i, Ageui ; C. Vgenl. Ctroanvllte. 8. 0. '."ass. Agon... Augusta. t<t>. H.uBpeiRbtt, tnu SOUTHERN RAILWAY. Cond*n*cd Scheduto of l*Rs??ui;?r Tralni In KftVtot J iuimrr 10, 1SJ8. IS rut.Ml K?. j No. 30 Sun. Daily. Northbound. I l??Uy; t)A||y. Ly. Atlanta, CT. rt'lRiitn. IC. T. Noroross..... Buford.. Qainesvillo. Lula. Corr-lla. Mt. Airy . . Toocoa. Westminster BOUeca. Central . Greenville . Kpartanbiirg. finfftifvs. Mack.-diuig King s Mt .. Gaatonla. Charlotts .... Danville._ Ar. Richmond ;w?i2 oo m I 8 50 ? ; 0 :W a MO Oft n 110 a.% a 10 &S ft 11 26 a 11 30 a 1160 a 1281 in 112 52 p I 46 p ! 3 34 p 1 .187 p 4 'AJ p 4 3tt p; 7 0U .'i Ol p' 6 26 p 0 90 pl 8 23 p II 2? i> 11 M p 00 a fl 00 ft n its p Ar.Wnshlngton . ?42 a. H 33 p " llallmoPHR.! 8 00 a.ill p " Philadelphia.!. 10 15 a. 3?? a "' New York . . 12 43 mi..| 6 M a flout li li on ml. I Hi. Ml Vri. ! No. IIX No. 37 I tally. IDally. No. 11 I>ally . tt. v .p.n.r. rrvn tst Philadelphia a AO t AM Baltimore. A 81 a 0 SO Washington. Ill 16 * 10 48 Lv. Riohmoad . .12 00 ra 12 a. nt 1200 nt Lv. Danville . ,..I 0 15 pl 6 50 ai 605 a Ar. Charlotte .... 10 00 p: 0 26 a 11 16 a Ly. Gaatonla. 10 40 pj.I 1 08 p Mt Kings Hlacksburg '11 81 p'lO 46 UalTnoys . 11 48 p 10 68 Bpartaaburg 26 a 11 84 t-i reen villa. fl Central. W Seneca . II Westminster " Tocooa . " Mi. Airy. H Cornelia. ?' Lula. Hi osville " Biii.rd . w Noroross . Ar. Atlanta, E. T Ar. Atlauta, U. T 1 3s ft 12 80 2 80 8 25 4 15 4 :i5 5 35 rt 10 l a? p 8'lS p 1 :& 2 0< p 2 25 ]i 8 16 p 4 66 p 6 46 p 6 15 p ? 89 pi 7 16 pl * 43 p' . 7 46 p 6 33 a 8 18 p 8 1.1 p ?5? * 0 87 p 8 40 p 7 20 a .i 0 11 p 7 4R ? .I (J48 n 827 a 4 66 RIO In p f?1 a 6 io n 3 65 p 980 p s 30 a "A" a. m. "P" p. m. "M" noon. "N" ni {ht. NOS. 37 and 38--Unity. W AshhlgtOU riii! South' western Vestib?ls Limited. Through Pu4!mn.q ?leaptDg oars between New York and Now Or pans, via Washington, Atlanta ami M uitgo in ary.an-' also between New York and Memphis. ylaWa agton.Atlnniannd Hiriuinghoni. Kb <t class tho lughfare eoauhos between Washing ton and Atlanta Dining onrs serve all men.* en route. Nor 35 and 3A?United States Faa? V.vil runs solid between Washington and New Or leans, via Southern Hallway. A- A W. P. R. EL, and L. &> N. R. R. being oomposed of baggage par and ooaohes, through without ohange for pasKengors of all classes Puliman drawing room sleeping cars between New York ana New Orleans, via Atlanta and Montgomery. Leaving Washington each Wednesday and ?at nrdnj, a touris* sleeping car will run thron :h between Washington and San Francisoo without ohniiKe. Mos. Iii 3. and 12?Pullman sloping ears be tween Richmond a.id Qharlo to, vl\ Danri ??, ?OUthboun l NoS. 11 and 37, northbound No .1 The Air Dine llo.le Irani, Nog. D'and IS, e tweon Atlnnta and Corneda. O?., dally er copt Sundav. F. S. C4ANNON, Third V P. A Oen. Mgr.. Washington. D. O. W. A. TURK, B. H. Gen'I Pass Asr't , Ass't Gea'l Pns-t. Ag't., Washington. D. O. Atlanta, Uft J. M. Ct'DP, Traffle M'g'r., Washington. D. O HAKDWlOil, Who is Will Whitenre ? He is our Fashionable Hair Cutter and Shave r. -IN BENDELLA HOTEL.- j Mill Men, Now is the time to place your orders for Saw and Grist MILLS. We are Headquarters for each in their respective lines. Write us. W. H.Gibbes & Co., Machinery, Vehicles anil Hi Supplies. 804 Gervais St. COLUMBIA, S. U,