The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, December 07, 1897, Image 1
VOL. XIII LAURENS. S C, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1897. 00
, , , _ _ IN O. /cy.
THE FAHMLRS' AND MECHANICS' COLLEGE,
A COMPDK.TK Sl&tilOH OF < MOI
SON.
A Comprehensive View <>r iiie
Greatest Agricultural and Indus
trial College in Clie South?tin
Different Department*) and their
Equipment ami Methods of Teach
I
To the Editor of The News ami Courier:
Behoving that tho people of the
State will be glad to know how Clem
fcon College Is equipped for the work
of industrial education, and how this
equipment of teaching force, build lugs
and apparatus are employed, 1 v< ry
gladly comply with your request to
write for Tho News and Courier an
outline sketch otClomsOD and the work
of training our youth into linos which
will lit them for maximum ust fulness
in the battle of life under the new
alignment of its industrial activities.
You havo done much through the
columns of your journal, which you
have oonduotod upon such an elevated
plane as to command the respect of all
intelligent readers, to convey correct
impressions of Clemsou and its work.
DEPARTMENT OK MECHANICS,
This uepat'tment is composed of six
divisions, embracing the school of
physics, wood shop work, machine
shop work, forge and foundry, electri
cal engineering, and drawing and
designing, each of which, is in charge
of a competent instructor, under tiie
general direction of the head of the
department, who is a chief engineer de
tailed from the naval service for this
work.
Tho work in this department pro
ceeds hand in hand with that in the
agricultural department. The Students
aro given euch instruction in theory
and such practical work as will he
benelicial to them in any walk in life,
but especially so if thoy decide to be
come farmers.
In the division of physics they arc
taught tiie laws of nature which havo
special bearing upon tbe Operations of
the agriculturist uiul mechanic. They
learn how tho forces of nature may he
measured, turned to useful account
and controlled : to what purpose each
form is best adapted, and tho best
method of utilizing each, whether the
water powor they lind in streams, or
thecoal which is brought from ad Is
tance ?nd has to bj handled with
economy. They 'earn how heat, light
and electricity may be transferred at
will, and made more obedient than
any hired labor and far more reliable.
in the divisionof drawing, the student
is taught tho " language of engineer
ing." He learns how to express him
self brklly and effectively by sketches
and working, drawing in a man
ner in .vbich he can be understood,
not merely at homo, but in any
part of tho civilized world, for draw
ing is the only appr ach to a universal
language since tho timo of the building
of tho Tower of Habel.
Tho course begins with free hand
drawing of sketches of simple models !
to give facility of execution to tho ]
muscles of the hands and teach the eye
to judge and estimate dimensions and
proportions. Then instruments aro
taken up and exact working drawings
are produced, and tracings and blue
prints are mado ready for use in the
shops. Later on original designs of
simpler forms of machinery are
moulded out. and tho patterns, cast
ings and comp luted machines made
from them and used in the depart
ment as part of the working plant.
The students seem fully alive to tho
importance of this branch, and recently
it has been found necessary to greatly
enlarge tho draughting rooms, adding
nearly 00 percent more space, in order
to accomoda'e tho numerous applicants
for instruction.
In the division of woodwork the
Btuder.t gets an excellent introduction
to tho use of his brains and bands at
tho same time. From the naturo of
the material the work is clean and
light, impievement is rapid, and the
beginner thereby encouraged to un
dertake more dillicult manual labor.
Tho training of tho hand und eye ac
quired in the free hand drawing serves
him in good stead here, and assists
him greatly in producing work that is
pleasing in appearance, as well as
adapted to its purposes. This work is
very attractive to tho students, and
many of them bpond a considerable
part of their leisure hours working at
the benches and lathes.
The foundry is well equipped, and
there the students are shown how
moulds aro mado from patterns and
the castings in brass and iron pro
duced. Ho learns quick' i what very
few peoplo ever know?how various
art'eks in daily use aro produced, and
why somo arc so much more expensive
than others of similar general appear
ance. Hero the student assists in mak
ing castings for machinery to bo built
and used in the shops, it lias been
found that iron castings mado here
aro rounder and bettor than those
bought from dealers.
In tho forgo shop a series of graded
exercises in forging and welding aro
gone through with, tho system being
arranged to give facility to the uso of
all the mere common tools. Tbe
ability to measure and judge dimen
sions by tho eye acquired in tho draw
ing room comes in again here, and
greatly expedites the work of bring
ing down masses of hot metal to tbe
riquired shapes and sIzch, ready for
use in tho machine ? bops. There aro
eighteen forges, with sotb of tools com
plete.
Tho machine shop is well equipped
with twelve benches, with sets of tools,
lathes and other machines, such as
shapers, drill, presses, etc. As iu
work with forgo and foundry tho
student Is required to produce a sot of
finished pieces of metal, working from
drawings. Tho exercisos are graded,
and are such as aro found by ex
perience in the best technicul schools,
to bo adapted to giving tho most per
fect facility in tho uso of tools. No
attempt is made to train students to be
machinists. When It Is considered
that It takes an apprentice live years,
working ton hours a day, to develop
Into a machinist; that tho student
only works se^on hours a day for five
days In the week, and half of his time
is taken up with theorotlcal studies;
tbat in tho time alloted to practical
work ho is employed in draughting,
wood-work, forgo and foundry, tho
futility ol expecting him to become a
machinist is obvious. However, owing
to tho rapidity of the progress and to
tho instruction being conducted in an
ordorly and eystomatio manner, by a
graduate of a technical school, familiar
with the latest and best methods of in
atr action, somo of tho students do ac
quire incidentally considerable me
chanical bkIII, and are able to assist in
manufacturing machines and tools for
use in the department.
In this, as In other shops, great caro
is taken to teaoh tho student to use
the tool best adapted to the work, to
uso It In a proper manner, to return It
to its place when the work is done and
to take propor measures looking to its
preservation, so that it may be ready
for use when wanted. It in hoped that
as the students go out Into tho State
and on the farms tin y will bo so imbued
with their habits of caro that tho sight
of farm tools and implomeuts left ex
posed to the weather may soon beeome
a thing of the past.
In tho electrical department the
course is a combined one of theory and
practice work, starting from the
beginning and continuing through to
the design and construction of dynamos
and motors. The theoretical part of
the subject is kept well up to duto by
written notes, pi t pared anil continually
revised by the head of the division.
While tho principles taught apply
to all electrical machines, special at
tention is given to those machines
most used in this State, and now
machines and apparatus aro bought
from time to time to Illustrate most
recent practice. Sumo ol tho more
advanced students aro given regular
employment in tho college, keeping
the electric plant iu repair, and the
the classes are employed from time to
time Installing new machinery. Some
students who wish to take this course
are disappointed to lind that it ro
il uires a considerable knowledge of
mathematics. Here, as in many other
branches of science, tho way is blocked
by a luck of mathematics. There is uo
royal road to learning. A good deal
of electricity could be learned by rote.
mikI so.ne of knowledge acquired. At
Cleinson tho student is required to
understand what ho is about and get a
broad foundation on which to build
after leavine collefira.
Tho mechanical laboratory is well
i quipped for the Instruction of tho stu
dents in tho construction and use of
the standard instruments used by
engineers for testing the quality of
coal oil, tho character of steam fu*'
Dlshed by the boiler, to see that the
boiler is adapted to its work and per
forming properly : the nature of the
smoke goes to determine tho complete*
in ss of combustion. 1'ractico is given
With the steam cnuinu indicator to do
tertnlne how much of tiic power devel
oped In tho engine reaches the place
where it is wantsd, and how much is
absorbed by friction and otherwise
wasted, Kxocllent machines are pro
vided for tennile and crushing tests of
materials, as well as for transverse
breaking. There is also a cement
testing machine. The work in this
laboratory is naturally most interest
ing, being a practical application of
nearly all the theoretical anil practical
training ii quired throughout the
w bole of the previous course. Here
the student is brought face to face
with bis own s'.iort-coinings and feels,
perhaps the Urst time, rouret for
every hour be has missed from the
previous work leading up to this stage.
Work in the mechanical laboratory is
not only of pi neral interest to all per
sons who come Inoontact with machin
ery, but is especially useful to those
who go to llvoo farms, which in this ?
days are always equipped with more
or less machinery, and should in the
near future be supplied with still more.
It may often make a great deal of dif
ference, whether or not the owner or
managor knows bow to find out the
nature of tome slight derangement,
how to discover whether his machine
is doing its best or whether ho is to be
hopelessly dependent at every turn
upon a high-priced expert from some
city a bundled miles away.
Naturally, all tho foregoing practi
cal instruction is oceoiuplished by a
course in the theory of mechanics,
whloh begins with tho elementary
work in the junior year, and ends with
a more extensive course in tho senior
year demanding a knowledge of all the
mathematics the student has been able
to acquire during the whole of his col
lege course.
Some time is also dovotjd to the
theoretical study of tho steam engine,
Using as a text-book the comprehen
sive work of Prof. Thurston, who Is
recognized as tho best practical en
gineer of modern times who has over
written on tbat subject.
The foregoing is only a brief outline
of the work done here in tho lopart
inentof mechauics. To those who care
for more details wo can only extend a
cordial invitation to visit the depart
ment when every ouo will bo most
pleased to show and explain every
thing. They are proud of tho lino
equipment, and most deslrious of mak
ing known its capabilities and extend
ing its benefits to the utmost boundaries
of the Stato.
DEPARTMENT OK AORIOULTURB.
This department is divided in a gen
eral, way into college or class work and
experiment station work, and yet the
two are inseparately connected, the
experiment station furnishing a labora
tory in which tho students are taught
the application of tho teachings of the
lecture room to tho art of agriculture,
horticulture, etc. The department of
agriculture Is composed! of eight divi
sions?horticulture, botany, bacteri
ology, entoinolgy, dairyIng, voterinary,
science, agriculture, live stock and
poultiy. Tho laboratories of this de
partment are not confined to buildings,
but embrace the farm, orchard, vine
yard, ,gardeu, green house, cannery,
dairy and stock yard. Agriculture as
an " applied soionce" has its foundation
broadly and deeply laid in tho sciences
of geology, chemistry, botany, physics,
entomology, bacteriology and voteri
nary science.
Tho student is not only t night tho
principles of these branches of natural
science, but is taught them in their
especial application to tho art of agri
culture in tho broudest and most com
prehensive soneio of tho word.
After tho necessary foundation is laid
in English, history and mathematics
tho atudeut is Introduced in. tho first
half of the freshman yoar in tho school
of physio to tho laws and properties
of matter and tho forces which act
upon it. In the second half ho builds
upon this foundation, and is instructed
in tho origin, formation, classification
and every mechanical manipulation of
soils, tholr physical properties as af
fectod by motcrological conditions,
drainage, irrigation, plant growth >>nd
decay, tho uso of plough and harrow?
in a word, in everything relating to
soils and plants which docs not Involve
a knowledge of chomistry. Tho study
of botany Is also pursuod during
the spring term of tho freshman yoar,
so that win n tho studont reaches tho
sophomoro year ho has a foundation
upon which to build, whether ho de
cides to pursue tho studies of the
course in mechanics or thoso in agri
culture.
In thofreahmanyear ho is introduced
to physics, mechanics, agriculture, bo
tany and practical work In tho shops,'
tho fanr and tho garden, so that ho is
propared at tho beginning of tho sopho
moro yeir to mako an intolllgont selec
tion of bis future course of study. Ho
has lea' in d enough of agrioulturo and
moohai loa to dotormine in which lino
his tastes and talents lie, and by asso
oiatloe with tho more advanced cadets
and b? observation Is made somowhat
famllla * with the opportunities offered
in tho < IfTerent courses.
Indu? trial edueatton being a compara
tively new departure in our scheme of
I college Instruction, neither t*io parent
nor the boy himself is propared to make
a choice of tho course to ho pursued
when first entering tho College. Tin
course of study pursued in all of our
preparatory schools leads rather away
from industrial education than to it
For this reason, where tho agricultural
and mechanical colleges aro connected
with literary universities, the studeuts
are Inclined to pursue their studies on
the linos of their previous preparation
l ather than take a new departure into
agriculture or mechanics.
At the beginning of tho sopl omore
year the students elect either the agri
culture or the mechanical course. The
course in mcehauics leads up to me
chanical engineering, civil engineering
or electrical engineering, or to special
proficiency in some one of tbeso divis
ions.
The cours'j in agriculture leads to a
broad and comprehensive knowledgo,
which entitles one to tho title of agri
culturist; or tho student may, besides
acquiring a knowledge of tho theory
and practice in tho different divisions
60le0t some ono or more of tho divis
ions in which to become a specialist.
He may make chemistry, botany, hor
ticulture, dairying, entomology , or
veterinary science Iiis specialty, or ho
may select agriculture as bis vocation
to which the knowledge of all of those
branches contribute to make a well
rounded agriculturist.
In tho sophomore class tho studeuts
reeivo thorough training in thcoietie
al class work in general chemistry, il
lustrated by laboratory practices, and
in botany in class and licld and field,
l'bey are taught bow rhints grow, how
they feed and how thoy reproduce
They gather plants from tho field and
classify, name und mount them in the
herbarium.
Tho veterinarian instructs thorn in
tlio physiology and anatomy of domes
tic animtils. Tho dairyman tcaehos
them how to food ?*?d manage milch
cows and their calves?how bo draw
the milk from tho udder, separate the
cream, ripen it, churn it and prepare
the butter for market; how to make
delicious, houest ehooso from whole
milk. They aro taught also to test the
milk for butter fat. to sterilize it from
injurious germs, and in fact to do
every thing that is necccssary for tho
successful conduct of a dairy or cream
ery.
The chief of tho division Ol livestock
takes tho students into the presence of
the different species of domestic ani
mals, and each, provided with score
cards is instructed how to judgo, ac
cording to tho standard scale of points,
of the merits of each animal as a re
presentative of its class?in cattle
whether adapted to milk, butter, beef
or work, and so with horses, swine,
sheep and poultry according to the
standard of excellence recognized by
the best breeders of each species. They
aro also taught how to compound
rations of standard feed Stulls to pro
duce givun results, such; as milk and
butter pi eduction, growth, fat, or
force, and practically trained in con
ducting experiments looking to tho
determination of tbe feeding value of
tho various products of tho Southern
farm
In tho agricultural class room the
principles involved in tho troatmot of
soils and plants?how to bring the for
mer into tho best condition physically
and chemically for tho production of
the latter ; how to compound and com
post fertilizers and manures to produce
maximum results with tho greatest
economy ; how to study noeds of differ
ent soils ; what plants aro useful as soil
Improvers and how to uso thorn ; what
rotation will yield most prolitable re
turns with tho least exhaustion of
tho soli ; how to protect and improve
worn soils ; the species and varieties of
plants adapted to the different soils of
tho State, and the best methods of
cultivating them. These and many
other questions aro discussed. Tho
tools and implements adapted to the
preparation and cultivation of differ*
ent soils and crops are not only de
scribed to the students, but thoy assist
in their use.
Tho experiment work in agriculture,
stock and horticulture alfords a most
instructive laboratory for training tho
students in accuracy of observation,
mothods of study of tho needs of soils,
plants and animals, and a familiarity
with tho most advanced practice in
preparation, cultivation and tho im
provement of plants by superior culti
vation and selection. Every subject
taught in tho lecture room is illus
trated by practical training in tho "labo
ratory of tho farm, tho garden, orchard,
vineyard, dairy or stock yards. The
veterinarian takos Iiis classes for throe
hours weekly to ass'st in clinics at his
animal Infirmary. They aro thus pre
pared to care for the animals which
may need surgical or medical atten
tion, and when our graduates I o omo
citizens thoy will each provo not only
usoful as examples in their neigbor
hood, but will each becomo a teacher
to lesson the lump of agrieultural igno
rance, in this section. While all of this is
bolng taught tho cadots in moehanies
civil, mechanical and electrical en
gineering and tho various branches of
agrieultural science and art, tho liter
ary training of tho studonts is not ne
glected. Thoy aro taught in tho school
of history what distinguished men of
all ages havo accomplished, cspoeial
stress being placed upon tho history of
South Carolina nnd tho Unltod States.
They aro required to study in compari
son different systems of govornment.
and drilled in the scionco of political
economy. "All studonts aro trained in
tho school of English and English
llteraturo by eminent teachers from
freshman to graduation. Thoro aro
threo ilterary societies in which tho
boys practlco in dobato and oratorical
contests, and tho Y. M. 0. A. has a
chaptor, which is well attondod by the
cadets. The discipline is military, tho
students being in this department
taught not only tho solenco and art of
war, but habits of punctuality, subor
dination ; l ow to oboy and bow to com
mand.
The training In mathomatlcs and sur
veying is thorough, and as far as pos
sible accompanied with tho application
of tho principles to praetloal uses. In
tho schorl of civil onginooring espe
cial attention is given to Instruction in
railroad surveying, wator-powers, con
struction of bridges and highway loca
tion. As mathematics and English aro
considered basal studios, tho faculty
havo dovotod as much of the students'
time to this foundation work as Is prac
itcable.
In tho school of
MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY
tho si. ulont Is led Into tho most ploas
ant Unit of thought In tho study of the
history and arrangomont of tho oarth's
orust, the source from which the
mechanic and agriculturist dorlve all
of the material from which thoy supply
tho machinery, ferco, food and ralmont
upon which tho progress and develop
ment of the world's civilization do
pond.
Geology determines the courso of
tho groat highways of oommorce,
whether by water or rail, locates tho
cities and furn'shes tho soil from whloh
plants derive their food and from
whloh they organize life. In this
sense, therefore, It Is a basal study.
THE CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT
is tho right band of tho department of
agriculture. It is thoroughly equipped
with working und teaching labora
tories) und skilled instructors und
analysts. It is hero that tho student
is introduced to tho mysteries of the
composition of mutter, und is made
theoretically und practically familiar
with nature's laws of synthesis and
unulysis. He is made acquainted with
the composition of food, of plants und
unimuls; learns of what elements the
soil und uir uro made; tho require*
ments of plant und animal life, und
studies tho laws which govern the
actions and reactions of tho various
substances of tho earth's surface upon
each other, and their Influences upon
tho arts of civilized life. Thoy recouie
acquainted with the chemistry of the
soil, tho chemistry of tho uir, tho
chemistry of tho plants, which grow in
and from these, und tho chemistry of
tho unimuls which consume the plants.
Agriculture without chemistry would
bo but a blind and blundering art.
(Jlemson students havo rare opportuni
ties for instruction in this department.
MILITARY DEPARTMENT.
Tho discipline is strictly military.
The cadets hoard in barrack; at tho
actual cost of tho College of tho food
and attendance. Perfect order pre
vails, and tho cadets seem to havo de
termined to avail themselves of all ad
vantages offered by the College. Tho
corps is divided into six companies,
forming a regiment of two battalions.
The department embraces tho control
of tho barracks, includiug miss hull,
cadet exchange, through whloh cadets
purchase all goods Deeded at wholesale
prices, und everything pertaining to
discipline aud instruction in drill and
military science. I
UUILDINGS.
The public buildings are: Tho main
College building, a four-story brick j
structure, with eighteen reoitation
rooms, library offices of president and
treasure r, throe lnlls for literary
societies.
The barracks a threc-ttory brick
Structure, With m?ss hall, 134 by 441,
and 100 rooms, kitchen, closets, and all
appliances which accompany a tirst
class hotel.
Mechanical Building?A two-story
brick structure, with 30,000 feet of
floor space, is thoroughly equipped for
all of the divisions SI that department,
except the electrical, whloh occupies a
one-story brick building, erected for
that purpose.
The chemical department occupies a
neat brick building of two stories and
a basement. This contains tho lectur
room of tho professor of chemistry
Slate laboratores and laboratories for
instructing students in analytical
chemistry, and the necessary ollloes
for the transaction of the business of
the department.
Other public, buildings are four
barns, two corn cribs, a fertilizer
bouse, hotel, experiment station ollices,
hospital, horticultural building ami
cannery, steam laundry, smithy, pump
house, etc.
RESIDENCES.
Tho College owns a farm of 1,100
acres and ail the buildings. There
are residences for the professors and
officers of the College?ten two-story
brick structures and eleven two-slory
frame buildings, besides eleven one
story frame buildings for employees.
WATER SUPPLY.
Water is pumped from a living
stream, the water of which rises on
tho farm away from any possible BOUrce
of contamination, into a Stand pipe, 15
feet in diameter and 90 feet high.
From this it is distributed to all public
buildings and stock yards.
There are lire byrants so distributed
as to alTord protection to all public
buildings and residences.
HEAT AND LIOHT,
All of tin; principal public buildings
aro heated by steam, and the grounds,
public buildings and principal resi
dences all lighted by electricity.
EX PERI M BNT STATION.
Tho work of the experiment station,
which is a department of the College,
and in which nine of the station work
ers teach in the College, alTords an ex
cellent laboratory for practical instruc
tion of tho classes in agriculture.
Tho students in those classes aro re
quired to become familiar with the
methods employed in conducting ex
periments, to observe and record the
ditTorences between the plots, estimate
prospective yield at different Stages of
growth, to assist in harvesting the
crops from experiment plots, and,
finally, to prnparo bulletins setting
forth the results, accompanying these
with comment-, of their own upon the
value of tho facts obtained from tho
experiments.
In horticulture thoy aro required to
perform, personally, enough work of
evorv kind to acquire a practical know
ledge of tho details. An instructor ac
companies each section, and not only
directs tho practical work, but ox
plains tho reasons for tho methods
pursuei.
At somo tlmo during the college
courso each studont is instructed every
description of work in the experiment
gardon and truck farm, in tho orchard,
vineyard, nursery, canuory, green
house and smi 11 fruits. A similiar
plan is pursued in each division of the
dopartment?in the stock yard, in the
dairy, In botany, in entomology aud
votorinary surgery. When a young
man graduatos from Clcmson College
he not only knows something but
knows bow to do something.
THE INFIRMARY
is a largo fraino buiiding, romovod
from othor public buildings and well
'?quipped for tho purpose of caring for
tbo sick. A kind and motherly matron
presides, assisted by a quiet, faithful
Htoward. Cadets are hero cared for as
well as if not hotter than they can bo
at homo. Tho skillful surgeon is con
stantly accessible, and the trained
nursos give unremitting attuntion to
tho patients who need their care.
Tho administration is presidential in
character, but weokly faculty meet
ings aro hold for tho purpose of con
sultation, as an advisory hoarc, as to
mattors portalning to the wolfaro of
tho Collogo and tho students. The
president is watchful of evory interest,
I and enorgotlo In execution of all laws
of tho board.
LIBRARY.
In tho main building aro a sories of
rooms specially conbtruotod for tho use
of tho library. About 2,500 volumes of
standard English llturaturo, history,
biography, gonoral sclonee, etc., an',
about 300 volumen of Govornmont
publications aro now on tho shelves.
The numbor of hooks Is boing increas
ed each year; they have boon recently
olassiflod and arrangod, and oxeollont
opportunity Is now efferod studonts for
general and supplementary reading.
Tho exporlment station library con
tains 1,000 volumes.
EXPENSES.
Tho doposlt required from each
student on admission is v.'>:;.? >:;, oxoopt
in the case of students who- rocnlve
tuition free, when it Is 143 53. Vroo
tuition is given only to residents of tho
State. Blank applications for free
tuition will be sont when applied for.
After the first deposit a quarterly de*
posit of (26.25 for puy-tuitior. students,
und (10.20 fur free-tuition students is
required at tlio beginning of each
quarter. The quarters begin us fol
lows: September 7, 1^.17, November
14, 1807, January 22, 1808, and April t,
1808.
This gives a total of $l.'i:2 28 per year
for students paying tuition, and (02 28
per year for students who receive
tuition free.
Kaoh student is required to bring
four sheets, two biankets, one comfort,
six towels, two pillow cases and one
pillow.
These deposits pay for board, tuition,
laundry fee, incidental fee, medical
fee, and one uniform. Hooks, und
other necessary articles not mentioned,
will be furnished at cost.
Deserving students are given work,
when it can be found, at eight cents
per hour, and such students reduco ex
penses about $20 per session.
li- vr.TU.
Exoept one ease, whi"ta seems to
have been imported and developed a
few days after tho College opened,
there has been no serious siekness
amongst the cadets this term. It
would bo very diQloult to lind any
where three hundred more healthy
boys than the cadets now enrolled at
Clemson. J. S. N.
Clemson College, S. C, Nov. 22, 1*!?7.
A GEORGIA FARMER.
Wh.u He Accomplished On a lileak
Hillside.
Tho Atlanta Constitution says that
Cherokee county, Ceorgiu, has several
famers within its bounds who are
leaders among their fellows. One of
these, Mr. John F. Rusk, who lives
on Little river, near Modesto. In tho
southeastern part of tho county, has
this year set a worthy example to his
neighbors in the matter of cotton eul
turo. Iti the preparation of his lands,
in planting, in fertilizing, in cultiva
tion, in have sting and marketing be
leads, others follow.
This year he planted a ten-acre tor
raced hillside in cotton and cultivated
same according to directions from the
experiment station, from which he has
marketed ten hales of 100 pounds each
at an average of (1 cents per pound, and
sohl 200 bushels of seed at 00 CO" ts per
bushel, receiving therefore about *.'1.>0
from this ten-acro hillside. A lew
years ago this field was only a gullied,
washed hillside, like those now on the
opposite side of the river from it, which I
havo been turned out and yield the
owners nothing whatever, but Mr.
Rusk went to work and terraced the
land according to his own Ideas and
the result is stated above. When the
fact is considered that tho ten acres
were originally very rough and sleep
and tiiat one-fourth of the land is taken
up in terraces, the yield is indeed
marvelous and may appear to tho
thriftless, thoughtless farmer as ex
aggerated, for, under the careless sys
tem in vogue in the st.ite over an aver
age of one hale of cotton to throe acres
of hillside land is considered good.
Hut in this instance. Mr. Husk really
got ten bales oil of seven and a half
across of steep hillsiue.
Mr. Husk, however, planted King's
improved cottou seed, Which had been
thoroughly tested at tho experiment
station, where King's and Jackson's
wero tun side by side. Mr. Husk
watched tho experiment thero and
and carefully read the reports inado
on same, procured his seed from tho
station and determined to seo svhat
could be done with a crop on a ten-acre
hillsidu. Ho is thoroughly satisfied
with his experiment and will make
still further experiments next year, as
he is not only benefited in a financial
may, but believes ho is doing his
neighbors and friends a favor by show
ing thorn what may bo done.
In preparing tho land forbid crop
this year ho made the terraces so that
all tho rain which fell would be retain
ed on tho laml ami not wash or break
over and damage any land below. Ho
then planted and cultivated the) laml
under tho direction of the experiment
station, using exclusively stable
manure and fertilizers made on tho
place by mixing acids, cotton seed
meul and potash. Tho stable manure,
was put in tho furrows and then listed
upon. In the early spring this furrow
or ridge was opened out and from 300
to f>00 pounds ef tho home-mado ferti
lizers put in per acre. Tho seed were
thon put in and in duo timo they
germinated and came forth ia a
healthy stalk that grew ami brought
forth much, fruit under tho oaroful, In
telligent cultivation of Mr. Rusk and
his help. Tho cotton matured twe>
weeks earlier than other crops in that
locality, and the bolls wero so largo
and stalks full that more of the staple
could bo picked in a day than of ot her
varieties. Tho lint was hotter, too.
than other cotton, brought a higher
price and tho seed was sold at 50 cents
por bushel, while the. seed from other
neighboring crops sold at from 1:2 to
16 cents per bushel. Mr. Husk, how
over, selcctetl about twenty bushels of
scod from tho ten acres which bo wi"
use himself next year and thoy cannot
bo bought at $5 per busheb Seed cot
ton is generally considered to do well
when it yields ono-third lint, but 1,030
pouudsof Mr. Husk's crop netted him
lot) pounds of lint, as the seed aro very
small and easily llnted. Mr. Husk
bollovos King's improved cotton seed
to bo specially adapted to this section,
and his experiments this year with
thin ten-acre Ivor bluff Batisflos him
that money oan bo made on cotton oven
ut 6 cents per pound.
Mr. Husk does not make a specialty
of cotton, but his othor crops, corn,
wheat, oats, peas, etc., also Bhow a
corresponding yield and that ho puts
much thought, Industry and intelligent
effort in tho preparation of his lands,
planting, harvesting, etc. Ho also has
a largo pen of hogs each year, and he
is, doubtless, tho only man in Georgia
who has a hog pen floored witti brick
and kopt in a remarkably cloan and
odorloss condition. Ho has ten lino,
healthy porkors this year that will not
him 3,000 pounds of meat.
Mr. Husk has a neighbor who is also
deeply interested in improving his
la. da and tho condition of tho farmers
by making tests and experiments with
a view of getting the best results in
tho cultivation of any and all crops,
and these two men, working together,
comparing notes and experiments ami
ideas for preparing land, planting,
etc., havo already boon tho means of
bonflting themselves and others. This
neighbor is James I -ham Brown, and
he and his crops also deserve snocial
mention.
Truly tho man who makes two blades
of grasj grow whore only ono grew
heforo Is a bonefaetor of his raeo.
?Mr. J. Hi more Martin has boon
appointed shorllT of Charleston County
to fill the vacancy occasioned by the I
death of Hugh b'orguson, and ho will I
havo tbroo years to sorvo. Martin
win tho chief of tho metropolitan
police.
?Proaldont MoKinloy's mothor has
i boon stricken with paralysis and Is not
expected to recover.
BURGLARS IN BARM
HILL. AIU* DISCUSSES THIEVES.
Tlio Goorgia Philosopher it* Kobhcd
aII<1 lit; Illumes tlio Tramps
" Hark, hark, tho dogs do bark :
Tho burglars nave come to town."
For llfteen years this has been an
orderly, peaceable and honest town,
liver since the saloons were abolisbed
thcro has been no disturbance of the
public tranquillity. During all that
time our doors have not been locked at
night nor has our chicken roost been
robbed by the fowl invader. Tho pre
sence of our fuitbful clog may have
been our protection, for thoro havo
been somo few chickens stolen in these
parts. Our moghoor, Charley Patter
son, sutTered some in that way until bo
bought tho old gallows on which a
man .vas hung a few years ago and
built a chicken house of the timber.
Since then he can hardly get a darky to
put chickens in it by d<vy, much less to
take them out by night. But our
negroes in and around Cartersville are
a clever, industrious people and as
honest as mankind are generally. The
domestic servants will take some
liberties with little things that they
think we won't miss, but they have
many good traits that aro a set-olT,
and so we compromise on general prin
ciples.
Hut now the burglars have come to
town and alarmed the whole com
munity. 1 believe they como from up
north whore every bad thing comes
from, even to baa weather. Tho other
day a tramp came to our house and
asked for something to eat. Ho was
fairly good looking- and well dressed.
My wife got him a lunch and asked him
whore his home was, and where ho
was going. He smileu and said ho had
no homo and was raised in an orphan
asylum up north and was going to
Atlanta in search of work.
" How do you travel," said she, " if
you have no money ."
" Well, I ride on the freights until
they put me oil," he'said, "and then I
wait for another ono and rido some
more. I am just taking a littlo trip
now to sjo the country."
There were two of these fellows in
town and they took tho rounds asking
for something to eat and always got it.
My opinion is that they aro profes
sional thieves and their purpose in
calling at so many houses is to prospect
tho premises. Tho night after they
were at our house burglars entered
four houses and stole money. They
tt ok (00 from under a sleeping man's
pillow and smaller sums from the
pockets of other men. A few nights
after they entered three houses and
took a lino gold watch from under a
banker's pillow and tho next night a
watch and some monoy at another
place. They take no clothing nor
anything to eat. They are white folks,
I tell you, and aro experts in their
business.
Well, of course, the whole com
munity is aroused, and especially tho
women. My wife is not a timid wo
man. She is more afraid of snakes
than of men, but she, too, got alarmed
and made me get the hammer and the
screwdriver and some bolts and nails
and Qx up every door and window.
She held the lamp and watched me all
round from room to room, and 1
mashed a great blood blister on my
Qngor and it hurts yet. When all was
done to her satisfaction and we got
ready to retire, she suddenly told me
not to lock the back hall door, for
Uncle Sam bad to come in there in tho
morning to make a tiro. Considerate
woman! She knew that I didn't like
to get up out of a warm boil to unlock
the door. Kecken she thinks the bur
glars wouldn't bo so impolite as to
come in at the back door. 11 jt they
don't get any watch from under my
pillow, for 1 haven't got any. Forty
years ago they got mine just that way
in old Dr. Thompson's hotel in Atlanta,
and 1 have never carried ono since.
They got my pocket book, too, and a
littlo money and some valuable papers.
They were from up north and were
very clever men, considering, for in
about a week they sont me all my
papers back through the mail and the
letter was postmarked Philadelphia.
They will give a man back everything
they can't use. Bill Port told me that
they were a kind hearted set of theives
and he had known them to lean over
and kiss a sleeping man after they had
robbed him.
No, it is white folks who are steal
ing theso valuable things. Negroes
bavent got above chickens and turkeys
yet. 1 heard the other day of an old
darky who prayed every night during
Christmas for the Lord to send a tur
key to him, but tho turkey dident
come, and so ho changed his prayer
and asked tho Lord to send him to a
turkey and his prayer was answered
that very night. A negro don't hanker
after gold watches. He wants some
thing to eat.
Hut new I want to know what Is all
this racket about that they call co
education. 1 thought it was just an
Other fad and would soon pa.-- away,
but it seems to get bigger and bigger
the more tiiey talk about. One would
think that there wero no female col
leges in the land and that tho boys
wero getting all tho education when
tho truth is there are more educational
facilities for girls in this stato than for
boys. I dont know what it all means.
Do the girls want to mix with the hoys
and improve them and bo Inspired by
them ? Then why should not tho hoys
claim a similar privilege hod go to the
female eolleges aud to tho girth' in
dustrial school at MillcdgevFlle? If
we are going to bunch, let us bunch the
whole concern and include tho agricul
tural attachments and let the girls do
some plowing if they want to. Hut I
reckon it is just the new woman who
is contending for tho abstract, right to
I go to tho university. Of course thoy
i won't go, for their fathers won't let
let them as long as the female colleges
are opon at Macon and Athens and La
' Orange and Djoatur and Rome and
i other places. Thoro Is plentiy of edu
1 cation for them there without tho co-.
Tho best mothers, l know, never got
higher than a high school and tho best
co education is for the girls to get
married young und go to raising child
ren and chickens. If they do that dil
igently, thoy will learn enough in a
life time and bo us happy as their col
logo bred daughters. I've ncvor boon
entirely satlstied that such abstruse
sclencos as chemistry, astronomv,
trigonometry, lluxions, calculus, Greek,
rhotorle anil logic woro of oany use
to tho avorago boy, much Ices to
tho girls. I went to eollego und my
wife didn't and 1 have to take a back
scat now sometimes. I married hor
when sho was only sixteen, hut If she
had spent four years in college she
would have, bocn so smart sho wouldn't
havo had mo, and 1 reckon I wouldn't
havo had hor, for no prudent young
man will marry a girl who Is smarter
than ho is?it Is dangorous. Pick out
your girl and tako hor young ..ndco
educate her youreolf.
. Bill Arp.
A GOOD s II- 1,1)
A York County Farmer itrcnks tho
Record ol' South Carolina.
Editor Yorkvillo Knquiror:
Having (loishod the gathering o( the
crop oil* of my pet acre of cotton, I sviii
now, In vompi lance with your request
made to mo sumu weeks ago, ondoavor
to give you a history of the expert*
me nt.
To begin with, the plot of land was
stepped off by one of my neighbors as
follows : First line, 80 yards : secure:
Line, 65 yards: third lino, 00yards ; and
fourth line, 05 yards, enclosing a total
of 1,1)10 square yards of dark gray land
with yellow subsoil.
Now, to go back a little. Two years
ago (hi 1895) this plot was fertilized
with ;">00 pounds of soluble guano and
planted in corn. Tho yield was be
tween 40 and 50 bushels. Last year
(1890) it was fertilized with 10 two
horse loads of lot scraping, scattered
broadcast, and l.oOO pounds of soluble
guano, Charlotte aoii and German
kainit placed In drill. After this, it
wiiri planten with King cotton, and the
>iold was 'S Pi pounds of lint.
About tho middle of March of the
the preseut year, 1 made a compost
heap, consisting of 5Q bushels of cotton
seed, six two horse loads of stable man
ure. 800 pounds of Charlotte acid and
200 pounds of kainit. After a thorough
mixing, these materials were covered
with rich earth and left In a low. Hat
heap until the 15th of April, when,
alter having turned out tho old stalks
and smoothly harrowed my acre, I
spread over it th*; contents of tho com
post heap, as evenly as possible, and
then turned it under to a depth of from
six to eight inches, after which 1 again
used the harrow to level and pulverize
the land.
With tho manure In and the hind
thoroughly pulverized, I next took a
[ terrace level,ran a line: directly through
tho centre of the (dot, und from this
line, each way, laid oil the*rows 41 feet
apart from centre to centre. Then, in
the furrows, 1 drilled TUO pounds of'
equal parts of soluble guano, Char-j
lotto acid and kainit, anil after that, '
with u 0-inch steel shovel, I prepared
the land in low Hat beds for planting.
Tho seeds used were what might
very properly be. called Further Im
proved King. They consisted of 100
pounds carefully selected from tho best
bolls ell the best stalks tbat grew on
the same land the year before.
On tho 20th of May, I side-harrowed
the acre, and two days afterward went
over it again, and, by bund, pulled it
up to one stalk to every U or s Inobi s
This work 1 did myself, in order to be
sure that it was done right, and also
that 1 might bo assured that there was
nothing left but healthy, vigorous
stalks.
On the 27th of May I Bide-hatTOWcd
again, and on the 1st of Judo thinned
to 18 inches in the drill. Next, on the
10th of June, I siiled with a short
straight shovel and 12-inch bow, and
on the 122.1 1 sided again with larger
shovel and 10 inch bow. Then, on the
15th of July, I hoed and run three fur
rows and shovel and IS ineh heel scrape.
Last, on the il^th of July, I went
through the middles as deeply as I
could with a bull tongue, or scooter,
and then, on the same day, " laid-by"'
by leveling olY with shovel and heel
scrape.
The work of picking, ginning and
packing has just been completed, with
a total vield of four bales, weighing
respectively bin, 111, und iius
pounds, in all 1,722 pounds of lint on
the acre.
Now, Mr. Editor, I know that this is
a phenomenal yield of cotton to be
gathered from one acre, and many of
your readers will doubt this report. 1
have not got any thing to say to Thomas',
but lo others who believe in the pos
sibility of things '|that they them
selves have never seen, I beg to say
that what 1 have done is nothing more
than they can do if they will use the
means. Let them select the right kind
of seed, fertilize their land well, work
it properly, and my word for it they
will be gratified at the result.
As for myself. I have been using the
King Variety tor sometime past, lam
not prepared to say that, the King is
superior to all other varieties for all
kinds of soil : but in this climate, on
highly fertilized lands, 1 think the
King beats any other variety.
While my success this year has been
in a large measure due to the seed?
probably 1 owe more, to the seed, than
anything else : still 1 think that the
deep furrow at the last working had
much to do with the yield. My opinion
here is based on past experience. 1
have several times before gathered two
bales from one acre, and each time
there was a considerable quantity of
fruit which failed to mature. Some of
it rotted and some of it dried up. Any
how, it did not not open. I began lo
think it was impossible to cultivate or
fertilize so as to get more than two
bales. The trouble seemed to be tbat
after a certain point., the stalks would I
become so large and the foliage, so
dense as to necessarily cause the mould
ing and rotting of the lower bolls.
But in the King variety this trouble
is, in a largo measure, Overcome. 0.v
i ing to the natural habits of the plant,
dwarf growth and early maturity, the
stalk does not grow as large, under
same conditions. It puts on more fruit
to tho size than any other variety of
which I have any knowledge, and while
tho loliage is all BUlllclont to give the
stalk a healthy growth, yet this foliage
is not so dense, even under the. stimulus
of high cultivation, and this year I
noticed but vory little trouble on ac
count of tho rotting of the early
bolls.
This year tho cotton on the acre re
ferred to above bloomed at least two
weeks early than ordinary varieties.
It has been earlier every year. It lias
also matured earlier. Heretofore I
have neglected the deep furrow already
described. Tho etTect of that furrow
has certainly been most noticeable.
Tho cotton kept on maturing almost as
late as other varieties, and I think the
deep furrow was largely the cause of
It. Tho furrow deepens tho feeding
roots and gives greater vitality.
Tlum another thing. Although I
havo referred to this cotton .?j a dwarf
variety, I wish to he understood only
that it lias dwarf tendencies and char
acteristics under ordinary eircumstun
coa. During the present full I have
picked white cotton a foot above my
head, or (>1 feet from tho ground.
In eonoluslon, let me s.iy also that I
havo written this account only because
you asked mo for It, and that I my ob
ject is tho same as yours, to dissemi
nate information. I havo no cotton
seed on hand except the King variety,
and am selling them to my neighbors
at 16 cents a bushoi. 1 do not my wish
to sell tho seed from my pot acre at
all. If, however, any individual should
bo especially anxious for a few of those
seeds, and will forward the stamps to
cover poatago (I2cents) I will bo pleased
to send him a pound by mail ; but I
havo only a limited quantity to dispose
of on this basis, and would not caro to
Bond moro than a single pound to any
ono Individual.
E. D. Thompson.
Point, 8. 0.i Nov. 22. 1807.
NHWliOLU'S OWN STOKY.
Ho Declares Thai llio Killing*of Tur?
nor Wan an Aeeidont a ?I Secures
Hail IIH u ItOSUlt.
In Iiis alliilavit to secure bail, Detec
tive N( whold bus told his story as to
the killing of Turner, and it is as fol
lows:
Tin: statk of South Carolina, (
County ok Spaktanuukq. \
Tho State vs. W. II. New hold? Indict
ment for Murder.
i'ersomilly came before me, \V. II.
New bold, who being duly sworn says:
Thai be was appointed, and commis
sioned, by tho Governor of the State of
South Carolina, as Chief State Detec
tive for the purpose, among oihor
things, of capturing contraband whisky,
which was believed to bo imported
into tbo State, and being hauled from
place to place within the Stat;. That
undor his commission and through tho
advice of tho Governor, ho was travel
ing through tho Piedmont section of
tlio State for the express purpose of
capturing all whiskey illegally snipped
or hauled. That on the ? day of ?, In
company with S. T. Howie and two
other assistants, be oampod near tho
oil v of Spartanburg.
The Howard Gap road is the main
road loading from Spartanburg, Union
and i. aureus to what is commonly
know n us the "dark corner*' of Spar
tanburg County. That he left two of
bis assistants on the road between
Cherokee Springs and Spartanburg.
He took with him S. T. Howie, to
watch tho Howard Gap road for con*
traband whiskej. Ho took Mr. Howie
with him because he knew him to bo
cool and deliberate, and not easily ex
cited. That just before daylight on
the morning of tho 10th instant, tbo de
fendant and Mr. Howie were sitting by
a tire near a church, which lire was
some forty yards from the road. That
on hearing a buggy passing be ordered
Mr. Howie to slop it. Mr. Ilnwln m?
to the road just about tho time tho
botrgy reached him. The buggy did
not stop. Mo then, from a distance of
about thirty yards, ordered Mr,
Howie to stop tho buggy, as ho
whs cortalncd it contained whiskey.
Mr. Howie run lifter lit and I, be
lieving that ho could not stop P,
rim down a road svhieli was parallel
with the one the. buggy was traveling,
the distance of about 3110 yards. When
I found out that I was in front of tho
buggy, I van across the space between
tho two roads and. in a fainting condi
tion, being very tired, and called to the
driver to bold up, stop that buggy, that
I was a State oflloor, ami must search
that buggy for whisky. The buggy
oamo straight towards me, qulokoning
its pace. 1 again culled "whoa," but
the mule did not stop. J bad a cocked
pistol In each hand. I suppose I then
raised the pistol in my right hand and
IIred. It went oil prematurely, but am
certain 1 had it leveled, solely for tho
purpose of slopping the mule. The
pistol In my loft hand was lired almost
at the same instant, but I did not know
this till two hours afterw ards. I called
Mr. Howlo to come and search tho
buggy and then searched it myself,
and apologised for tho search. I then
found that Mr. Turner was wounded,
and we together, Mr. Howie and my
self, did all that we could to render
medical aid to the unfortunate man.
''oil being my helper and my witness
in this matter, the. killing of Mr. Tur
ner was an acoldent, which cannot bo
deplored by anyone more than myself.
\V. II. Xl WItol.D.
Sworn to beforo mo Nov. 27, 1*117.
W. S. TllOMASON, N. P.
A LAWFUL MAltlllAOR
A Wisconsin Lawyer Married by
His Mother-in-law-Their Discus
sions Will he Legal.
A unique wedding roocntly occurred
In Mllwaukoo, W'is., w tere the bride
and groom were lawyers, the atten
dants all lawyers, and the ceremony
porforraod by tho bride's mother, a
lawyer. It is a story worthy of this tin
de su cle period and certainly demon*
stiatcs forcibly tho advancement of
woman in the legal profession. An
article on the .-object In a New York
publication is In part as follows :
It was thus that thi! distinguished
Pier family demonstrated its love for
'the nice, sharp quillets of the law' on
Wcdnosday, when Carolino Hamilton
Pier became the wife of .lohn 11.
itomor, one of Milwaukee's brightest
young lawyers and a member of tho
tirin of Van Dyke, Van Dyke & Car
ter.
Of tho bridal party, all of whom
wo e members of tho legal profession,
Mr.-. Kate Pier was the most prominent
Individual, because she was the first
woman to be appointed commissioner
of the United States. Mrs. Pier read
the marriage service by which her
daughter surrendered tho proud family
name with an action that would have
done erodit to a votersn clergyman.
She was assisted by the. I.tev. William
G. Kiiot, jr., of tho K.rst Unitarian
church. The Misses Kate ll. Pier and
Harriet II. Pier, sisters of the bride,
where tho brldcs-malds. Both aro
distinguished at the bur, especially
the former, who is the oldest and most
versatile member of tho family. The
best man was M. L. Willly, o( the. St.
Louis bar. The bride's uncle, Lawyer
Henry M. Hamilton, of Cedar Uuplds,
was also of the party. So was Major
Courtland P. Luskin, an attorney of
large practice, who acted as best man
at the wedding Of P bride's parents
at Fond du Lac tb' years ago, and
served under the Colonel Pier as
major of the ThirWj .;hth Wisconsin
infantry during the war.
'? My dear,' ?aid Major Laskln to the
brido during the progress of the
wedding break last, ''it is a thousand
pities that your father did not live to
join us on this auspicious occasion.
During bis lifetime thoro ore livo
Piers ut the Milwaukee hai himBolf,
yOur charming mother, your two
charming sisters and yourself. Prom
the time of his death until today there
were four only. Now there will bo
only three."
"On tho contrary, major,' retorted
tho bride, 'thero Will bj livo, just ?a
there wore of old. My husband has
joined forces with the rest of tho
family, and although he and I will not
bear the old name, we will true'to tho
old traditions."
'? Indeed we will," asserted tho brido
groom, gallantly.
" In that ease," said tho major,
"heaven holp the attorney who duds
himself opposed to any member of tho
Tier family, for he will lind the llowor
of tho legal profession in Wisconsin
arrayed against him."
A highly versatile woman Is the
handsome bride of Lawyer Homer.
She took tho law course at tho state
univornity only a year or two after her
mother and her oldest sister, Kate, and
graduated there, and followed their
distinguished tfxrtnplo by covering tho
two years' OOUr" in ono yoar. In hor
father's law oflico and bank sho im
bibed a profound knowlodgo of both
legal practico and tlnanco. While yet
in hor toons, sho won a oortiflcato au
thorizing her to practico not alono in
I tho state, but also in tho f?deral
courts. _