The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, June 22, 1897, Image 1

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THE NEW EVANGEL Of DEMOCRACY. " The Equality of Burdens and the Equality of Benefits." TILLMAN'S TARIFF SPEECH. Delivered in the United States Senate on the 10th of June, 1897. Mr. President, tho discussion of tho tariff bill which has been proceeding hero, or progressing, la u ou< -sided way, for some ten days, pros nts u re markable coadltlon of political f leiiug und a nebulous state of in lud on the part of many men on both tildes of the dumber. The K ipublluaus by coiu tnon conseut, under sirens of party orders, 1 suppose, given by the caucus, :>it quietly by and vote. They say nothing. They seem afraid to say any thing. The iniquities they arc per petrating upon ino American people are bo outrageous that tney prefer not to discuss tnem evoo, out they press rel mt'eosly forward with tlio intention of carrying out their compact win tho trusts and monopoller.: and every schedule prepared by tho party caucus is voted for by them unanimously. Tue Democrats are in a coudition of transition. They do not know exactly w v!i e they are. The older, inoro re nowned, more experienced leaders of tho party stand up and proclaim their allegiance to the old docwlne, timo honored, ancient. We had an exhibi tion yesterday of an Impassioned speech based upon tho Walker tarilf, brought forward at this late day as truo Democratic doctrine. Secession, nullification, and other is-u s which have boon settled and have pass* o out of the minds of men us living questions had just as well be brougut in n? re. Tlie tariff is not a principle uuluas it be that it rests on principle. It lb merely a question of policy as to how tho Government ahah derive its revenue. It tins been talked ab >ut so much and so long and so ab.y that I can not expect to present any now phase of it : out I propose as one hum ble representative of a Suito on ttiis lloor, to give some views that may bo mine only, but which appear to inu to be those which should ohtaiu in gov erning men who come here to frame i tariffs. What is tho true doctrine of tariff taxation, the American doctrine, the patriotic doOtrlne, the statesiuan't doctrine ? 1 for one stand ready to confess and announce my faith in the belief that it is to too beat interests of tho American people as a wnolo taat everything consumed by our people Bhould bo produced by our people, if it is possible. If that be Kepublieun doctrine, then I am a Republican. If it is not Democratic doctrine, it ought to bo Demooratle doctrine. It is not necessary for me to state, because it is known to ail stu.lonts of history, that those nations whom con lino all their labors to one product or to agriculture only, are pauper nations. They do not progress ; they uo not achieve any place in history that amounts to anything. They t.o not gather wealth ; they do not produce culture : they have not advanced civi lization. Therefore, 1 announce as a hypothesis that we ought to diversify our industries as far as we can give employment to as many men ot as many occupations as can got work at a profitable figure. We do nut want all farmers in this country. We want to have manu factures. And why do >ve not want any more farmers just now ? Because wo arc to-day producing more of the staple crops of export raised on the farm than we can got a living or decent price for; and why in God's name should we undertake by a tariff policy to drive from the factories and from the cities to the farm more competitors to produce cotton and wheat to export at a loss ? We do not want any more farmers. What we want is a tariff 80 levied that tho farm er shail not bo robbod for tho 'onolit of the laborer in tho cities and that ho (?hall have an equal cha ice in lifo to get that for his family and for his cum fort that the Declaration of Indepen dence declares is the inalienable right of i very freeman. There, is a reciprocity of interests here. The farmer wants a market for that which ho produces; the manu facturer wants a market for that which be produces. There is no coi.tlict of Interest Int.veen these two whon their interests are weighed In an equal balance by honest legislators. It is only when you throw into tho scale in favor of mandfacturors your laws which give thotn undue advantage, when you rob tho pioducing farmor for the. be.ielit of tho manufacturer, that any man has a right to complain. Prom the foundation of this (iovern ment there have been those who con tended that tho manufacturers should be protected and a homo interest built up which would supply the American inurkot with all tho munufacturod articles necessary. On the other hand, thoso engaged in agriculture have de clared that they were unjustly dealt with anil were forced to buy from these men at a higher price than they could buy In Europe. The tariff discussion has gone on along thoso lines from tho beginning of tho Government until to day. Now, for tho first time In our his tory, when this protective policy has borne its fruit and tho pauperized farmor Btands bore with his skinny, bony hands bogging justice and equa lity, and the opportunity Is given you, by a bounty on his exports, to give him some compensation for tho rob bery that ho has undergone for a con tury, you sit in stony silence, you sneer, you elevate your eyebrows, you refuse to discuss the proposition as un worthy of debate, and you i xpeet to boo this idiotic fanner not know that you had tho opportunity to five him dome mood of justice and you refused It. Hut 1 pledge you my word and honor, gontlemen, you are face to faco with an Ibhuo that you can cot Bhirk or dodge, and both parties will havo to face It In the near future, because the 11,000,000 mon In this country, who are eiigagod in agriculture and who are face to face with pauperism and bank ruptcy, whoso farms are slipping from beneath them und aro bolng absorbed by loan and trugt companies that loan thorn money, will sottle with you at tho V-allot box as to whe ther you shall continue to take from their pookets their hard-earned dollars to give to the manufacturing Industries and give them nothing In return. Mow has the tariff policy of protec tion, which has been the governing prlnolple evor since the war, and even before the war to a limited degree, worked ? It was intended by domestic stead ib has boon Ih? moans und in stru.it of building up domestic monopoly to raise prices, and the woaltb that baa poured into tho coffer* i of a few thousand uilq, or 10,000. or 50,000, or 100,001) engaged in and who I ow n manufactures, has been takou ! from tho hard earnings of the masses ; of tho people, and you have got to settle with these farmers if you now refuse them redress. Trusts and monopolies could not exist if tho products of those trusts were admitted free of duty ; but when you erect harriers between us and tho foreign market aud allow no oppor tunity for tho import of these things, you put it in tho power of tho domestic manufacturers, by forming combina tions among themselves, to fix the price that they ohooao toehargo in tho home market, and tho farmers must pay a bounty to these men and can not help thomsolves. You Republicans proclaim the doorine a cardinal ono of " America for the Amoricans." To that I say amen, for I am an American. Hut I want you to include iu that charmed circle of America fur Americans 'ho farmer along with the rest, aud give us an equal showing. As 1 am a farm er pure and simple, as I never had any other occupation and novor had any utber means of incomo but from tho farm, I can stand ho.*o with more pro priety, possibly, than any other man und demand equality and justico. 1 can not hope to do more than supple ment tho able, masterly, unanswerable Argument presented yesterday by tho Senator from Utah [Mr. Cannon], but I am prepared to auvanco some argu ments that will stagger some of you to auswer. Tho cry is, " Protect American labor against tho paupor labor of Europe," It is your solo reliance in appealing to tho voters to say, " We du not want tho prices which wo pay you for your work to sink to the level of your European competitors." Who competes with the .American farmer? Whoro are you driving him? Take tho producer of wheat. Who are his competitors V The people of India, Argentina, and Russia. Take tho cot ton grower. Who competes with him? The people ol Egypt and India. You are driving tho producers of those titaplo crops, which aro largely ex ported, to tho level of tho paupers who work in Egypt, in India, in Arguntinu, and in Russia. You can not douy the proposition. As long as we had a monetary system which gave us fair prices for our ex ports, we could stand tho competition by reason of our rich virgin soil and our improved machinery aud the superior industry and Intelligence of the American farmer. Hut wo havo got to a point, since tho repeal of the Sherman law and the final unnihilia tiou of silver us money, whero wo are fuco to face with a crisis in agricul tural atlairs in this country ; and you geutlemen who aro pi nosing madly on ward, imagining that you can bqld your farmer vote, that you can hold the wheat grower to your standard by pretending that ho will bo benefited indirectly while you can not give him a bounty and can not compensate him, will find when this question Is present ed to him, as it will be presented in the noxt two yoars, that you must ex plain why you rofuso to gl"o the farm er equality and justice in this schumo Of preteotlon. If you can hold his veto after ho shall bo made to clearly under stand the class favoritism involved in tho re'usal to voto this bounty then ho will ueserve his fate, und will bo a fit "mudsill" to faorvo as a basis of tho plutocracy which now controls in this country. I havo too much respect for the de fendants of tho New Engl?ndern and citizens of tho Middle States, who have moved to tho West and who aro to-day producing wheat at a loss, to l.elieve that you can hold thorn in your party if you rofuso to do them justice. And a; for my friends on this side who elevat ? their brows and sneer at the iuea o'a bounty as not bolng Demo cratic I will, before I get through, .-how to you that you are clinging to tho letter and not the spirit of Demo cracy, and that if you rofuso to do jiiatieo to your own fellow-citizens by your votes hero, they will hold you to a strict accountability. I said a moment ago that the Ameri can farmers furnishes tho exports with which you pay your foreign exchanges. I give tho exact figures. All tho ex ports sont abroad by this country In 1800 amounted to $8(?:i,ooo,ooo. of that sum, the farmers dug oat of tho ground and shipped, because the home market would would not tako It. (593,000.000 worth, or nearly throo-fourths. You aro not able to consume bis surpuia, and ho is forced to sell wherever bo can And a buyer. You force him to buy at homo in a market the pricos of which havo boon raised from "20 per cont ad valorem," which is tho truo Democratic proposition, 1 bollovo, to somewhere between 100 and lf>0 perl cent on many articles and an average of over 50 pur cent on ail. Then you turn around and in this tar.17 you offer him " all the protection possible" by giving him '.'?> cents a bushel on wheat, 15 cents a bushel on corn, 80 cents a bushel on barley, and no 'on through the agricultural schedule, ! and while tho tax gatherer comes around yeurly and whllo tho mortgago cats and gnaws day and night upon his homo, the ono that this Government may havo given him, fooling that it la i slipping from beneath his feet by these I unjust condition?, you expect him to 1 voto tho Republican tlckot because, I forsooth, you have given him " protoc I tlon" in this scheme by a tariff on th ':,e. artloles. ft is an insult to his intelligence, and If the man who framed U?I do not know who did It?has an agricultural constituency that In worth a fillip, he would never see tho light of this Cham ber any more after they got a ebanoo to vote upon It. You knowsit is an ln> suit to proclaim that the farmer gots any benotlt from these tariff duties. Hut, Mr. President, who and what aro some of theso men who are thus discriminated against V Let us eon sldor for a moment, if we please, two brothers born In Germany, who, feel, log that thoy oould better their condi tion by emigrating to America, set out from there twenty years ago and oarao to our shores. One of them stopped somewhere eastward of here, In New i York, or Massachusetts, or I'eansyl ' vania, or wo mo -^Muma?&ijiM~n~*--m???hm?i? taring States, arid went Lot) uiunu , fucturing. Tue other one moved webt ' ward, pressing on beyond the Misbis ! bippi into the virgin Uclds of Iowa, I Kansas, or Nebraska, and by the bounty of tho Government was given 100 aeroo of land, upon which be settled and be , gan to farm. Lot us follow ihem on and see l.ow they are treated. They both become American eitiz mis, and tin y are both American laborers, so to speak. They came to this " land of tho free ami homo of tho brave," its Government founded upon the immortal declara tion that "all men are born free anil equal, und have an inalienable right to lifo, liberty, and tho pursuit of hap piness." From tho day when idle farm er settled In Nebraska on bis quarter section he has boon mulcted aud pinchod and some of bis substance takcu for the benefit of the brother who went to manufacturing under the protective tarilT. How many of the farmers are foreign ers V They aro as clever aud us good men as wo have, many of them? I mean tho Intelligent portion of them. Hut to givo you a little insight as to tho situation, I will take the nine States of Maine, Now Hampshire, Ver mont, Massachusetts, Rhode island. Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Peonnylvanla. The totaiof foreign born citizens 10 years of age and upward outraged iu gainful occupations there is 2,15)11,120. How many of these aro engaged in farming ? Two hundred and forty-six thousand eight hundred and seventy.live. How many aro oo uagi d in manufacturing ? K gbt hun dred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and forty s x. That is all very well. it seems very well to bavo tho 210,000 farmers mulct ed aud taxed on what they buy for the benefit of >S1M>,000 who went into manufacturing. Hut lot us go further. Take the twelve wheat-growing States known as tho Middle West?Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsiu. Min nesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. Tho total number of foreign-born Citizens engaged in gainful occupations was 2,173,603 ', the number engaged iu agriculture was 837,357. Tho number engaged in manufacturing industries was 524,831. You make the S.IT.oho farmers pay tribute to their brethren who aro engaged in manufacturing in dustries in their own States as well us in tile Kastern States, and when they go to soil their products of wheat, beef, cheeso, butter, and other things, after they have given to this country all it can consume, they have to send tho surplus abroad, where they compete with their brethren iu Kurone on an t quality, while tho foreign-born American manufacturer competes with his brethren in Kuropo with too pro tective taritV thrown around him, by which bo ib onabl d to rob the same brother who came with him, and to rob tho native-born American who is fool enough to farm under those con ditions, Now we come to the Ishruaolite section, which has no rights, which never lias had any rights since the war that anybody is bound to respect, I givo the ten cotton States, North Carolina, Soutti Carolina, Georgia, Kiorida, Tennessee, Alabama, Missis sippi, Louisiana. Texas, and Arkansas. Tno total foreign population of those States in gainful occupations is 172, ?O?, of whom 58.142 aro engaged in agriculture and 36,429 aro engaged In manufacturing. It does not matter, of course, that the South to day furnishes a larger proportion and possesses a largo proportion of native born Ameri cans, descendants of thoso who fought tho buttUs of the Revolution, than any other portion of tho country Hut though we aro laboring under tho ban of secession and tho effort to disrupt tho Government, aud have paid our thousands of mill'ons for seceding, wo are still face to face with the demand of the daughters of tho horso-looch to givo, give, give. Tho cry is : Meet your competitors in India and Egypt and tight it out. and if an effort is made hero, through a bounty ou exports, to give those men a scintilla of the amount taken from them by unjust tariff taxation, the re presontatives to thoso cotton States will stand here and vole against the proposition, no'doubt upon the ground that It iu not Democratic noetrino. When interrupted, Mr, President, 1 had just givon the flguros showing the ium gration here and how unfa'rly the immig. ml from Europe who had gone to tho West and settled there a-, farmer had been treated in comparison with his brother who had set lieu in the Bast. Tho Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Nelson], whoso Stato has upward of 100,000 of thoso foroign-born citizens, I v all of them farmers, may explain to them when ho gets home whore they come, in under thoso tariff schedules, and what good protection does them unless this bounty feature is incorpora ted in the bill ; and the Senators from those other Western States will have an opportunity to explain why they will vote hero against this proposition to givo compensation to the American producer on tho farm whon wo hear so much aboutcompunsatory duties for the woolen manufacturer by reason of the tax that is given in these schedules iicro to the wool producer. Why aro these inon to bo loft out iu tho cold '( Why aro thoy ignored in this scheme of tariff taxation? Why Is no compensation given to them? Why is thore no equality, no equity, no jus tice to them? Gentlemen, whon you meet your constituents und thoy ask you why, I hope you will have your an sworb ready, because I toll you thoy aro going to ask you. You may drag this juggernaut-car policy with Its doublo team of protec tion and gold monometalism over tho prostrate forms of tho farmers, vou may mash them deeper Into tho mire of povjrty than they aro already, but a day Is coming whon they will turn and eay, "Your party of Republicanism to day is a byword and a hissing. Wo in herltud tho principles of Abraham Lin coln ; wo fought for thoso principles during tho war, und ono of those prin ciples, which was dearer to us than any other, was tho equality of men, even the black man with the white. Wo shed our blood to omucl pato tho negroes of tho South, and you have in turn placed us In a condition of slavery that Is as hopeless as that of the slaves who wcro held as chattels." Wo have it hero boldly proc^almod that there (b an alllarinO between tho Eastern manufacturers and the wool growers of tho West by moans of whloh alone this tariff bill can go through. The two scot ions in alliance against tho balance of tho country boldly march up hero through tholr representatives, loin forcos, and say: "Give us wool du ties and take your corapousatlon on tho woolen manufactures." Then thoy join In and givo tho sugar trust and every other trust all It asks for. Will thoro bo no day of reckoning? If Hum be none, then the spirit of liberty lo America la dead and tho farmers of the West are hopelossly enslaved already. Here is a quotation from Albor?. Gab latin, in a memorial to Congress lr, 1831, In whloh this very dangor h pointed out, and tho danger which r. ffflTI ffflltlflfita 1TinTlr'-*1? ?mmm^ which comes hero composed of moo I wtio do not rise to the dignity Of Amei 1 io in Senator?*) whofcoino bore hk the representatives of Suites only. Mr. Gal latin said : Tho true problem to bo solved in the Uuited States is not whether tho poo pieoan*govern themselves, ofwbiob noi the slightest doubt can be entertained, but wliothor that government can bo successfully applied to an extensive territory embracing interests which must occasionally be in collision with each other; whothur majorities formed by combinations of sectional interests will be so governed by a sense of justice and a spirit of conciliation as not to op press those parts of the country whose rights, though they in iy be in a minor ity, ought nevertheless to be respected. What is the wool clip of the United States worth V Thirty million dollars; and yet there is a combination between tho Senators representing the States largely lot rested in wool-growing, who make that a condition upon which their votes shall be given, with the States interested in manufacturing, while both through this tar ill bill, which is higher in many respect:, than unj wo havo had, utterly Ignore the rights and interests of the great masses of people engaged in farming. Boldly you ally yourselves together, the extreme see tional West and the 10 ist. Dire, you oppress tin Middle States and the South engaged Id the production of agricul tural exports? You are OlTorod an op portunity to give them compensatory duties by a bounty. Will you do it? Dare you refuse it? There is very lit tle you will not dare, but there Is a day of reckoning for you K 'publican.-, as thero has been for the D uaooratle par ty when it was false to tho people and recognized not that then-, was ;?? day of judgment coming. Democrats hero proclaim that "tariff for revenue only< ..'one 'rue Demo cratic doctrine. ?t has already boon pointed out that this word 'only*' was btrlokon out in the last I) mocrat'c Convention. 1 OOUld give the history of it, but :t is not necessary, except that wo saw after the passage of the Wilson bill, which was a protective.tariff, that any cou'ontion along those I ties was simply a w.vste of time and would put tho party in a false position. Mr. President, it i-> not worth while for us to discu.-s hero Iioa' the word "only" came to be left out of the plat form, OI why. 1 will say this, however, that the reason it was stricken out was because wo wished to confine the atten tion of the. country and light the battle on the moooy question only. We did not care to have the tariff brought Into it as an issue at at! : and after the pas sage of the Wilson bill, lho-e of us who were perhaps more advanced tium the Senator from MUsourl in our ideas on this question (lid not feel that wo coal.I consistently cent Mid about the word "only ' when the Wilson bill from one end to the ott er had recogniz d the protective principle, and that tho party stood committed to the acknowledg ment that it was right and proper or expedient, if you choose?to protect American industries. The tariff was not an issue in the hist campaign, except as it was made such in those Stales where wo diil uoi ii^ht. whore there was n > contention by the followers of Mr. Bryan at all again? t onslaught of tho other side. We sur rendered the Northeastern section o* tho country as committed wholly and irrevocably to t he tiold monomania, and we made our tight in the West and South. It is not tno issue now, and it can not he made the issue : and the way we. vote here will not alT -et the next election one way or the other, except that those, of you who have fool ed your constituents by proclaiming that we must "op n tho mills Instead of opening tho mints" havo got to show prosperity in the next eighteen months or you will stand condemned and the. thousands of workmen who vote.1 your ticket on that pledge will vote for somebody else. You have got to show how you can give prosperity under the gold standard by increasing taxes, and without any effort ?or rather with only I a futile effort?to increase the prices to tho farmer on export products; and if you give him none of this money which you proproae to wring from the people by this tariff bill, ho will settle with you the sooner and the lie o effectual iy. Somebody will ask. and all of you are asking in your minds now, what right have you to take money out of the Treasury and pay a bounty to anybody; whut right havo you to raise money by taxation and pay it out in bounties ? You Republicans can answer that when you explain by what rieht you took money out of tho Treasury and oaid a bounty to tho sugar planters of Louisi ana, not ou exports, but on what they produced. But I want to ask you who dispute tho right to take money out of tho Treasury and pay ItOUt in bounties, what right have you to levy taxes which take money out of the pockets of the people and pajt bounties to the. man ufacturer? You may call it a tariff, but it ib a bounty on manufacturing, and the farmer has to pay one-half of it. What I mean is that tho agricul tural population of this country being about ono-lialf of it, therefore, in pro portion to consumption, t h -y pay one half of the tariff duties of this country, and they get nothing in return. What right, if wo come to the question of right and wrong, havo you to take money from these poop e and pay it as a bounty to manufacturers? I believe that it has been asserted here by almost every Democrat who has had anything to say about tho in Iquities of this bill that it proposes a scheme of robbery by which the people uro to he. mulcted, robbed, not ho much to put money into tho Treasury, but in directly by raising the price of all that is consumed in tho country. I think tho Senator from Texas |Mr. Mills'cal culated yesterday that for one dollar paid in revenue the bounty to the man ufactui ing industries would ho some thing like twelve hundred million dol lars. Tho figures wore staggering. To take the most consorvatlvo esti mate, if tho tvm Ii s to tho protected industries by meuns of tho tariff amount to $'i to the manufacturers and ttioir employees as compared to $1 re ceived by tho Govern men t, it would still bo an enormous amoun' Is it not robbery ? Will aomo Demo crat daro say that ho does not think it is robbery ? How many of you havo stated that it iB robbery ? Well, my eolloaguos, my fellow-Senators, my brethren of this party, who stand up and proclaim the doctrine of equal rights for all and special privileges to none as tho cardinal principle of Dem ocracy, if it bo robbery in this bill to take from the manses of th ) people these hundreds of million-, of dollars and pay it into tho coffers of tho manu facturers and into the coffers of the Government, how will you face your constituents and veto against a provi sion In this same bill which will restore a minimum amount, a very small nro portlon of tho amount that they havo .boon robbed of V It Is not a question of whether it is Democratic policy or not to pay boun / tlen, becauso you arc not responsible for this measure. You have got to tako lt I whether you like lt or not, and you cans over here who are not lost to all -i iiM' of shame and decency and pa triotism, to put tlio farmor on some Duals, however small, on an equality with tho balance of the couutrj ; and you can not be accused of having de serted yo ir parly |>olicy or your party platform or anything else if you try to amend tho bill so as to do justice to your own State, to your own constitu ents, and to the farmers throughout the country, without regard to politics or K'.'otton, You can not get around tho proposi tion that if it is robbery to t iko it away, it would bo honostj and patriotism and Democracy to restore it. It is not a quostion of party pulley. It Is not a question of whether you would favoi bounties per SO as a party policy if you had the framing of the bill, hut it is simply a question as to whether you will endeavor to amend this bill in a way to do just ice to your people. This may be "a new Democracy, Which socks to lead SOUIO of us into the camp of tho enemy," as the Senator from Texas twitted us with yesterday. It may be "a new i vangel of Democra cy" to ask you to amend this iniquitous tariff measure or vote to amend It so as to restore to your people that which you say they have boon robb d of; but to my p ind it is tho essence of Doujoora cy to proclaim > quality, the cardinal doctrine of our party, rather than to offer your constituents tho dry busk and the S ?dorn apples of party plat forms for "revenue only." it is not a question wf how you are going to get the money. Tho money is there. They proclaim that thoyoxpeota surp us; they are proclaiming that they want to increase the gold reserve to (150,000,000, so as to absorb some of this prospective surplus. They have pro claimed a desire to retire tho green backs by locking up this money in the Treasury. You have the opportunity 10 force thom to show their hands by voting to pay out $40,000,000 to tho farmers who make wheat ami cotton, who have been robbed in every s mod ule of this bill, and you say, "No : I will not do it because it is not D unouratlo ; it is not for revenue only." Great God, \ such Democracy ! They ask you for ! bread and you offer them a stone ; they ask you for an adherence to your prln- j dpi- s and you put up a mummy label- i ed "Tariff for revenue only." Tho question is with you gentlemen. No doubt you will vote in accordance with what you I) dieve is your duty. I say this as a farmer who has felt the iron enter his soul by reason of the injustice and Iniquities practiced by tho protective tariff; and in tho name of tho cotton and the wheat growers, I | say here that if it is not Democratic to vote for this, then I am no Democrat. You have got the telescope with the big end close to your eye, the. little end away off'yonder, and at the otner end you see, "Tariff for revenue only." Turn it around and you will see "Equal ity" as the cardinal doctrine of Dem ocracy ; "Equal rights, for all, speolal Privileges to none ;" "The greatest goo ' to tho greatest number." These arc he fundamental prlnolplesof Dem ocracy as I understand the word, and I propose to stand by them. You will not accept it, you wlil not support it, you will not vote for it beoausu you put party platforms above party principles, and parly policy above tho principles of Joffoi'aon and of Jackson. Well, ex plain it if you can when you cone, to fao" your constituents. For my part, I believe in getting everything out of this tariff business ttott we can get, for if the policy of tho Government is to be one of robbery or to buone of special classes and privi leges, while I know it is impossible for the Southern States to get anything like their share, then when I can put any thing into the bill which wiil give us only a smali proportion of what is our due, I shall vote to put it there. A tariff tax on c tton will do us no good. There are very few planters out of tho millions who raise cotton who grow sea Island or long-staple cotton or any thing id t hat kind. The tax on wheat, the tax ou corn, will do tho Western farmers no good, and you know it. Do you think we ai0 idiots and fools, that you can cram that down our throats and gt t us to vote with you on tho p-o- ' position y Do you not know that this country can not absorb our surplus and that wo have got to export it? Do you not know that tho surplus is lowered ' in pi Ice by reason of the destruction of one of the money metals of tho world ':' Da you not know tho only way in which you can.raise the price of agri- I cultural exports is to restore silver and ' thereby increase tho volume of the money of the world ? You do know it ; and yet you say, "Wo can not relieve the American farmor because we must h vo interna- j tional bimetal 1 ism." You erect a bar rier bot ween us ami Europe, your tariff, ' and toon you say, "Wo can not allow E igiish free trade rs to dictate our i tariff policy ;" but we allow tho English | bondholders to come in and buy our ? Government and control our Semite ami dictate our policy in everything to keep these men down as though they I were nude!- toe oasturiby heol of tho ?Spanish butcher, Weyler. You do ttieso things, and yet you stand here claiming that you are tho apostlus of I Lincoln, when you are unworthy to un tie the* shoe late In Is of that great man. if he we.ro living ; and you, my Demo cratic friends, stand hero and proclaim that you uro tho followers of Je ll'urson, when you refuse to undo this iniquity . so far as you can, to restore to the poo I pin a small proportion that you say this ! id I is robs them of. For my par', I tako my stand for "eq iailty of benefit and equality of burden" as the highest and noblest principle, of Democracy, and will tight for it hero and elsewhere as long I have oreatb. I may be alone now, but the time will come speedily when that principle will triumph in this Govorn J ment or lib rty will ceaso to claim America as her home. OIONIOK AIj .mmks IiONUSTKHMT. I \ Northern Writer's Opinion of tho Confederate Hero?Thirty-Three Yeais Ali ii Appental tox, Uamlln (Jarland in Atlanta Constitution. Oeneral lamgstroet lives in tlaines villo, a little town near Atlanta, Oa., a town so distinctively of tho mountain South that, to enter it as I did on Saturday afternoon, after sixteen hours in a Pullman ear, Is to entor anothor world. Tho square swarmed with negroos on foot and on mule back, with moun taineers in primitive carts drawn by bulls and driven by ropo lines. Behind tho wagons boys were wro:?tling, sur rounded by laughing huddles of tbolr fellows. On the sidewalks sad women, lank and forlorn, moved aimlessly about, carrying babes in their norvo loss arms, and on all this tanglo of human xlnd, horse kind, carts, cattle wero the stains of tho orange-colorod loam of tho South. I stood bofore It no,i re-read In It tho stories of Joel onandler Harris and his fellow novol lsts of tho South. Tho typos wore all he rm llMttlrfc"*^:=*hlto-. 11 it nose und thick iipa und of ull shad us of odor, und in the midst of them, serene, unafraid, might be soou oc casionally u dainty, high-bred girl picking nor leisurely wuy. It mude it possible for mo to realize us novoi be fore tho ante-bellum life of the Stute of Georgia, for it is ouly in uu oc oaslonal slow-moving town like this that one can sec distinct survivals of ull that classes of the old-time South. My il.qulry for tho genoral brought out the grateful fact that his towns men hold him in high regard. I was ussured thut ho wus u very line old gentleman, and one man recalled with pleasure that, at tho Atlanta exposi tion, General Lmigstreot rode a horse at the head of the procession ami that the people cheered to sec him pass, creut and soldierly. " Ho lives on a farm just on the edge of town," my in formant said, and, taking his direc tion, I angled away, along " the straight road " toward the suburbs. It was November, and little darkies wore I raking and burning leaves, and the smell was wonderfully lino and pun gent. I looked for a large, old-fashioned Southern place, with pillars and wide balh Instead, the hou?u wasan ordi nary story and a half farmhouse, such as a Northern carpenter might build. A board nailed tea tree offered wine for sale at a very low price, and I saw uu extensive vineyard across tho road. '\ lean, farmer-like person told methat General Longctroot was in his vine yard, and there I cumo upon him, scissors in bund, busily pruning his vinos. Ho is a big old mun, stooping a little now, und slow ut gait. Ho wears long white whiskers, cut away from tho chin. His hair is white as wool, but his .skin ic ruddy as though bleep and good digestion were still his to command. We talked for u time ubout his gar don and vineyard. " 1 got out ovory afternoon," he said, "and work about. 1 lind the sun add air docs mo good." One of his arms is a littlo disabled, and he is quite deaf in ono ear. Ho could not hoar very well in the open air and at his suggestion wo returned to tho house. " 1 live with my tenant. He is u veteran of the Northern army," he saiil at the door, and there was a slight smile t bout his eyes. Tho bouse was small and plainly furnished and out o' it the genoral re tains hut a single small room in which ho sloops and smokes and writes. As we sut together and tulkod of the war und of tho groat union commander his old comrade at West Point, I bo oamu aware that 1 was in the presence of a very remarkable personality, not merely a great bOldiur, according to the estimate of t . rant aud others competent to judge, but also a thinker of unusual originality, und u brave, high-minded citizen. Ho wus grout enough and magnanimous enough to utter tho finest oulogium of General Grant ever spoken by u Southerner and ono ox celled in its real comprehension of the man and soldier by a few from any lips Whatever, I refer to tho address at Hoston last summer. Ho talked of Grant with allection and with clear-sighted knowledge of his whole career. "Ho was a highly honorable, man as well as a groat man. A man singularly free from vulgarity ami profanity. His lifo was uniformly good ami tin i aud kind from the time he wont to West Point UUtil bodied" ?was Ins judgment. Grant on his part admirod Long street and loved him (or own sake as well as for his close relation to his life. General L mgstreot was a kinsman of the Dents and was present at Grant's marriage ?Wiis indeed. " best man." They were together at West Point, at Jefferson barracks in '44, in Louisiana In '!.">, and then for three years in Mexico and they met onco in St. Louis aftor Grant nad resigned from tho army. They mot next ut Appomattox. After the IIrat formalities wore ovor Grant stepped up to Longstreet and hooking his arm In his and calling him by bis old West Point nickname, said in u voice (Hied with emotion : " Pete, let s see if wo oun't rotUI n to tho huppy old days by playing a game of 'brag.' "Great God!" exclaimed Longstreet, beneath his breath. "Why will men light who ought to ho brothers ?" What could a big, liberal-minded, honoruhlo man like Longstreet do hut join hands with his magnanimous con qucro" and lifelong friend and say : " Sam, Til do my part to reconstruct our turn and dismembered nation." This ho has don;. He left the war be hind and sot his face to the future. He fought, and fought hard, but when the fighting was douo ho was done light ing. He steadily upheld every measure which in his judgment would restore the union and peace aud harmony soonest, no matter what his critics might say. It does not appear in General Long street's talk that ho holds any bitter ness towards his detractors. He talk ed like a philosopher, u getluniuan und a lover of tho whole of America. Ho made a most powerful impression upon mo. First of ull it wus u shook to Hud so grout a figure living In such cramp ed conditions. It'mude ine understand that l was in t in- land of tho conquered. His homo was burned some years ago during his absence, und ull his hooks, papers and pictures wore destroyed. His wife is dead, and his sons and daughters livo fur distant from him ; therefore bo sits alone in his little room urn) smokes his pipe and droums of the epic days of tho war. He bus no pension, as tho victorious generals have, though ho carrion a WOUud in his throat which makes his speaking dilllcult. I could not think of a man of his rank in the Nordhorn army toft so Utterly one side. This man, who sot the lirst th.g on the re doubt hack of tho bish0|>8 palace at Monterey, nfty years aro; who saw Grant win his promotion at Molino del Hoy; who was present at I is marriage; who entered the Southori army just In the fullness of his power and who won his way by leaps and bounds to a fore most place in the battle lino of ISti?, ami a position second to none in patrio tism when tho war was ovor?is now pruning vinos on pleasant afternoons in a little vineyard on a Georgia hill* sitlo. His lifo, like Grant's, is epic in Its contrasts, i wonder if the past does not all scorn a dream to him. I As ho took my hand to say "good night" it was almost, dark, and ho loomed above mu with a hulking stoop ! in his massivo frame, and his eyes I peered down at mo, Had and penetrat ing, but his broad faco vas Inscrutably placid. My questions had put him far hack in tho past, that was evident. As 1 trod my cautious way back along tho winding stroct towar I tho I village, I said to mysol', " I have soon I tho ghost of tho Confc;loracy. I havo ; touched hands with it- groatoat living I rcprosontatlvo." To moot Gonoral Longstroot, to soo , his whlto hairs, to lcok into his ro i trospectlvo eyos aud watch his slow movements, the hoalUttug movements of an old man, is to bo made omotlonally aware that tho mighty struggle of thirty-three years ago is passing Into tho fand of dreams. In ten year.: It ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ VALUE OF OLD COINS. A Cent Tim? Is WorOi One ll>i.ulre<l DoIIhi'n-.Iho Docs No! Necessarily Make Value in Coins. "Some pennies are worth a good deal of money, said a dealer in coins. "If yon come across an old collection of I copper cents In au out-of-the-way place, you will do well to examine their dates carefully. From the point of view of the numismatist their value depends largely upon their condition. For exam pi ?, for u c( nt of 1700, in a fair state of preservation, we pay $5, for a specimen of the same issue in first rate condition wo would pay from $10 to $2.">, and for a perfect cent of !";?!)?that is, as bright aud sharp as the day it was coined ? we will pay $100. "Do not attempt to clean coins that aro in line condition. They should be held only by the edges In handling thorn, anil ought to be kept wrapped carefully in chamois skin or soft tissue paper or laid in velvet. Gold and sil ver coins may be rinsed, not washed, in hot water aud soap. Copper coins oboubl be placed in sweet oil only t > remove grease and dirt. Acids and scouring will ruin any e iin of worth. Age does not necessarily man?. \ .be in coin*. The old Spanish silver pieces cur e t in bis country in 1700 and 1800 are worth no more than their face and tin- tame is tho case with the eon's i.f 1798. 1802 and ISO."!, as well a of ha l uollars of dates betwecu 1805 and 1835. "t on..- ar classed according to their state ol i 'OSvit vatlon, as 'proof,''uncir cula" il,' line,' 'good,' 'fair,' and 'poor ' I'root coins are those which have been made for collectors by the mint regu larly during the last 10 years. They aro rendered brilliant by burnishing. I Uncirculaled coins aro thoso which 1 have been laid away carefully since the i time wb n thoj were minted, so that thoy have the. original mint luster and | aro as sharp as when coined. Fine coins havj the hair, eyes and letters bold and sharp and not worn ell ?r ? <r ?odod. Good coins aro th sc in vh the hair and eyes show up well, lb ? date and all the letters perfectly el >iu What would be considered 'flu ' fur a cent., i-owever, would only bi 'goo i iu a gold coin. Fair coins has ? the date distinct, b it ha:r and loiters comow ai worn. Poor co ns a e t'lojo wh eh have tlie date indi-t not, or the hair and letters badly wu'D, or tho su fae - badly corroded, or which have 'ecu pierced or battered. "In Am -rica II i- lh" fa-dllotl to make up sets f the d il i. nt. coins co . pi ing a i the y en ol their Issue In a- ii ?:. condition as it is possible to obtain them, and the demand for specimens which are dlllloult to get makes their value very high indeed. I will quote you some prices, which you must un derstand apply to "good' coins. Better or worse preservation would make a great difference In every case. On that basis a United States copper cent of 1803, with the clover leaf, is worth $25, or live times as much as the valuable cent of 1790. From that the premiums on cents run all the way down to 5 cents. The valuable dates in order of worth are 17S:i, 1799, 1*01, 1705, 1700, 1800,1811, 1808, 1707. 1813, 1800, 1801, 1805, 1800, 179*, 1807. 1823, 1857, 1810 and 1*12. "The bronze cents, such as are in cir culation now, were lirst coined in 1804. None of them bears a premium except tho issue of 1877, which h|valued at .'I cents. Some of the old-fashion half cents are high priced. On a basis of 'good' condition the half cent of 1700 is worth $10. The issues of 1831, 1830, 1840, 1848, 1840 and 1852 fetch*.'! each, while thoso of 17!?;t, 1705 and 1802 we. will pay $1 apiece for. N me of tho nickle cents is worth a premium except that of is.r?0, with a Hying eagle, which you can sell for $2. A ?-cent nickel of 1*77 is worth $1, and a nickel 5-C0nt I piece of 187* has a market value of lf> cents. There is no premium on those of any other year. Nickel .'{-cent pieces of 1S77 wo pay 7"> cents each for, while those of 1878, 1882, 1885 and 1880 aro worth f> cents each. None of the others bears a premium. If you are so iucky as to tret bold of a bronze 1 cent piece for 1873, you will have no dillieulty in dispos'r.g of it for $1, but no other is sues have any extra value. "The rarest and most desirable coin of tho regular series is the silver dollar of 1S0I, which is worth $000. It is nec essary, however, that the authenticity of the specimen shall be fully proved, as there are many altered dates in the market, as well as 'restrikes' made at a later period The silver dollars of 1704. 182.'i, IS.JD, is;,l und 1852 are worth $25 each, while tbatof 1S.-.S ig valued at $15. Silver naif dollars of 17!iil and 1707 aro worth $20 each. The issue of 1853, without arrowheads or rays, wo will pay $15 for, and for that of 1S.'I8. with atsmall 'o' under the bust, W0 oiler $10 A silver quarter doll ir of ls'_'7 is valued at $40, while the issue of l*2:i is worth $20. Twenty-cent pieces of 1877 and 1878 aro marketable at $1 each, "A silver dimo of 1804 is worth $1: of 1707, 1800 and 1*02, $3, and of 1708 $2 50. Silver half dimes of 1802 with fetch $:io each, and a value of from $1 to $:i at taches to these coins of the Issues of 1704. 1700, 1707, isol 1805and 1840. Sil ver 3-cent pb ees of dates from 1803 to 1800 inclusive we offer $40 each for, while one of D'7.'! is worth $50. A gold doubleoasrloof 1849<s worth$100. A half oagle of 1815 is worth the same, price : likewise the half eagle of 1822 Half eagles of 1795, 1707. 1708 und 1*28 can bo sold for from $15 to $2"> each. Quar ter eagles of gold issued In 17o?>, 1707, and 1820 aro valued at $10 each. Tho' $50 gold piece of California commands | a premium of from $10 to $15, but the $2 50, $5, & 10, $20 and $2."> gold pieces made from . t) to 1861 by private firms and assay Ollloos in California, Coln rade and Oregon, beoause they do not come up to the mint standard of purity, arc mostly below par. "For the same reason the Mormon | gold pieces of Utah issued under tho | direction of the late Hrighum Young and largely circulated from 18411 to 1800, will fetch very little more than their face value. Some of the old iolO nial coins have high values. The 'pine treo' shilling of 17.">0 is worth $2"i A Maryland shilling of 1059 is valued at $10, and a Louisiana crown, coined in France, at $2?. Tho c ppor 3-oont piece of Connecticut, issued In 1727, Is appraised at $30, One variety has the inscription, 'I am a good copper,' and another has the dovico of an axe, with tho words '1 cut my way through.' A Florida silver half dollar of 1700 is worth $10, while, tho Virginia silver half dollar of 177.1 is value at $2. Tho pewter continental dollar of 1770 wo will pay $a for. A gold Vermont doub loon is worth $200. and a Vermont silver half dollar will fetch $100. Tho Massa chusetts oont of 1788 in valued at $10. Washington silver pieces of 1702, bearing the bust and nnmo of G- Washington, will fetoh $50 eaoh. All of tho Washington coins, both silver and copper, woro mint ed in England as patterns, but tho designs were not accoptod beoause It was considered contrary to the prlncl Kles of our government to. stamp tho cad of/be president upon our oolnSj" TU K WKlTIIKIt AND ( Itoi'S). Valuable Information to Those Inter* est cd i>> ITariulug Operations. Tho following is lilt) weekly bulletin issued by tho weather bureau to Co lutnbla as to tho condition of tho crops In this Stale : The temperature was about n irmal, the mean for the week having been 7b while tho normal is uppr ximatety 77. The fore part of tl ? ; week was below normal while the last throe days were very warm. Tho highest temperature reported was 100 on the 12th at I3cmi< fort: the lowest ?7 on the Utb at Co 1 urn hi a. Tho woathor was showery on tho 7th, 8th und nth, and showery condi tions prevailed in places on the 12th. Heavy washing raius occurrrud oaring first of the week, with considerable Hooding of lowlands, and material in jury to crops in Spartanburg, Groon ville, Kairli ild, Clarendon. N iwborry, LSdgotlold, Orangeburg, 15 irnwoll.1 ?nur* ens, G reen wood, Anderson. York, Korshaw, Lancaster, and Bamberg. At the close of the week 't was still too wet to plow bottom-, ami in plaeos uplands, in Chester, Chester fiold, Borken \. Spartanburg, Hamberg and Hurry. Tue aver ige of fit) measurements for . tho week was 2.07, and the normal is I approximately Lot. 7 places reported less thae I co of rain, -\ placoa from 1 i ? - inc.. s ; places or ?r two looms, am mg them were tho fol? lowing heavy rains: Blackville 3.00; Mount Clare, I I s ; Hoopers, ...'ill: Jo Oeries Crook, 3.10; I'ina polis, I Ii: Barksdalo, 1.10; Santuo, 3.11. Tue correspondent at Inman Spartanburgdroports nearly l"> inches, of rain In 11 bours on the 7th. lt is described as having been iu thi" nature ! of a cloud-' urst. Streams in the vici nity we;- ? i.i^hor than eve- known and a great dea of injury to crops, etc., result od. Hail, doing material injury to corn, "ottOO, frui ami tobacco, occurred in Kl?!< ii dd, Kiirliold, Anderson. Marion, sumtor, Ch stop, Pickons, Clarondon, I'VoroiiO'*, Hampton and Oi'ungeburg, Hail ; I - > fe I, l)ut without dolui> any millet ia1 injiry in Spartanburg, Now horrv, H.ni,well, Loxington, Itloh laud, Chesterfield, Darlington and S iludu. Sunshine varied greatly In dill- rent p u- ions i l the State, but averaged ab >ut normal with 03 per cent, of the lio-s' t)io. Te alverso conditions of the past week were altogether physical and therefore local, and consisted mainly of high water Hooding bottom lands: heavy rains washing slopes, and bail beating down corn, cotton ami tobacco. Comparatively speaking, the damage was confiued to limited areas in the counties already named. From Ab bevHU; and lower Barnwoll reports were received of crops sUtTuritig for rain, and from Spartanburg, Chester, Lancaster and Cnestorllold ol too much rain for ol ?wieg and that crops are getting to be foul. Chinch bugs continue to destroy corn and other vegotatlon over (.'bes ter and York : cut worms in I) ?rohes tor, Colloton, Hampton and Williams burg, but corn has generally made rapid growth ami iu many places is being laid by. Tho corn crop does not come up to an average condition In cither size or stand, owing principally to broken stamis on bottom lands caused by worms. Replanting still going on.' Cotton made fair and altogether sfttisfacto'-y progress during the week. Gras- threatens tin; crop in some lo calities, hut the plant is of sufficient si/.e. and the prevailing hot. sunny weather will cniblc farmers to kill grass readily, and is also the weather best suited for the development of cotton. Squares are reported plentiful where the plant is large onoilgh, but cotton is unseasonably small everywhere. Hlooms have been noted in Barnwoll, but are as yet scarce. Lice infest some li?lds, but are not general. ? Tobacco has developed rapidly lately and Is now in excellent condition, ex cept that worms are numerous in Florence, while In Florence and Clar ondon, aod t) a lessor oxtont in some other counties in the tobacco district, hall has done material injury lo the plant. Rice is growing nicely, but in Col leton you../ rice has boon attacked bj caterpillars wi. . bowover, hut slight Injury as yet. Iu the '?enpgotown and Hurry district:, rice is doing weO. Peas are being bowu on stubbh land and in with corn. Seed scarce in ('bester and Georgetown, but re ported plentiful iu Nowborry county. Wheat harvest has made fair pro gress and the y ield is generally report ed up loan avorago, and very satis factory. Dais harvest nearly coinploled for winter sown. Toe yield about up to an average. Spring sown has im proved (nit will be i poor crop neverthe less. Some o.its shocked ou the Holds were damaged s ightly by the rains early in the week. Melons are doing better since the rains, but have a poor stand and in places are attacked by hues. Will ho late. Transplanting sweet potato draws continues. Onu locality reports draws scarce, but generally they are plenti ful. In the trucking districts tho OOndl I lions havo improved very much and I late vegetable;, apo doing well. Pastures have revive! and now af ford good grazing. Gardoos ia ox cell- ut condition, Minor CI'opS, such as sugar cane, sorghum, plndcrs, Irish potatoes, and otuer I aid and ' irago crops are fully up to or above average condition. .1. V. BAU KU, Director. ?Russin penal statistics show that in the dominion of the.czar the women criminals outnumber the inen >.v n >arly fifty per cent., just as the contrary being tho case in other countries. Most of the women criminals ar unmarried, and the majority come fro u the labor ing classos In tho eitles. ?The extrem > of luxury hi* p >r haps been reached by the sultan of Morocco. He has a narrow gaugo I railway running through all tho rooms of his palace, and travels abo it on a nortof sleiu'h propelled by a litt e motor. Tlio " III 'i " ends at his hedreo. i ? You should make it a point to avoid and ovorcomo In yoursolf thoso faults Which are most displeasing to you in others. ?The dog never fu?s to let a person know that ho is glad to see him. Sora i good men are so peculiar that they don't do this. ?" Never trust a man till you know him" is good advice, but you never know somo men till you trust them. ?Germany has ono doctor to I ,600 of population, Franco on to 2,107, the United Kingdom ono to 1,234, but the United States ono to (iOO.