The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, February 26, 1895, Image 3
<|>?e (?etuertiser.
LAURENS, 8, C., Fob. 26, 1896.
LOCAL;
Marriage.
Cards aro out announcing the mar
riage of Miss Hottie Lake, of New
berry, to Mr. John P. Fielder, on Wed
nesday 27th. Mr. Fielder Is one of tho
most progressive young farmers of this
county, and is president of tho Farm
ers' Mutual Insuranco Company. Miss
Lake is also well known hore and is a
most beautiful young lady.?Spartan
burg Herald.
Miss Lako, a sister, of our townsman
Mr. T. D. Lako spont a portion of her
school days in Laurons graduating ut
tho Laureusvllle Fomale College
shortly before that institution wont
out of existence Consequently she has
many old friends hero who wiBh her
a life, all,happlno8s.
A PROMINENT CITIZEN
Of Havannuh Dies Who Once Lived lu
Lauren?.
Capt. R. G. Fleming, Superintendent,
of tho Plant Railway System, died In
Savannah on Tuesday last. Ho was
promlnont In railroud circles in tho
South.
Capt. Floming was a Carolinian,
served with Hampton us a Captain dur
ing the war und was a gallant soldier.
He resided near Waterloo In this
ObUtoty With his family, at tho closo of
the war, whore ho hud many friends
who will regret to hear of his doath.
ANOTHER CHANCE
Will Minis Sullivan Have for His
Life.
Tho Suprome Court of tho Stato has
granted a now trial to j. Minis Sulli
van, convictod at Andorson of tho
murdor of H. Q. Gilroath in Groonvillo
in Groonvillo city in 1892. Tho opinion
was by Eugeno Gary, A. j., Popo, A.J.,
concurring with Mclvcr, C. j., dissont
ing.
This is tho second time that the case
has been before tho Supromo Court.
REV. A. U. W A HDLAW
Called to the Pastorate of Westmin
ster Church.
Rov. Albort G. Wnrdlaw has received
a unaminous call to tho pastorate of
Westminster Prosbytorian Church of
Charleston.
Ii will bo remembered that some time
ago Mr. Blacnburn of Wostminster was
called to the Churnb of tho Strangers,
New York City. About threo weeks
ago Mr. Wardlaw was invited and wont
to Charleston and preached in Wost
mir.8tor.
Tho Impression ho made was eo
good that since then a call has been
extended to him nnd he now has it un
der consideration.
It is tho very general and cordial
wish of this community as well as of
his own church that ho remain in Lau
rons. It is largely due to his untiring
oxortion that tho' Presbyterians built
their splendid ho u;o of worship on
Main Street, and ho has been of ser
vice and value to tho town. Tho loss of
so talonted nnd oarncst a man and
proacher would bo greatly felt in Lau
ron8.
List of Letters. ?
Remaining in the Post Office at Lau
rens, 8. C, unclaimed, for tho wt-ek end
iag Feb. 25, 1805:
A?Alexander, W M?2.
H?Harrison, A J.
J?Jackson, Rov J T.
L?Ledbettor, Miss Mattio.
R?Reed. Mrs B S.
T?Taylor, Wal tor.
W?Wilson, Fletcher.
FOR TUB WEEK BNDINO feb. 18, 1895.
A?Anderson, Mrs. (Barber).
B?Brown, J C; Biggs, J W; Bowden,
Robt.
C?Craddock, Miss Cindy, col.
D?Dunlap, James.
K? Er by, Rush.
G?Goforth, J D?2.
H?Hudgens, Solomon, Humphris,
Miss Francis.
J?James, Turnor.
M?McCan, Dr. J M: McKimicll, W:
Martin. Mrs. F B.
O?Osburn, Mrs P G M;Osburn, Mrs
E M; Poarey, Rev. J H.
R-Riddle, E M:
S?Streotor, T J; Simpson, Edwin.
T?Todd & Wilkins.
W?Wright, Miss Maggie.
Persons calling for anv of nbovo let
ters will please say, "Thoy are adver
tised." T. B. Orkws, P. M.
Two Little Girls in Bluo
Rodo a bicycle built for two,
The first was lazy
Tho other was cra/.y;
But olthor of thorn
Always said that tho
Best place to buy writing
Papers, Colognes and Sachet Powder,
Was at the laurens drug company.
Pawn Office.
I havo oponod in connection with my
other business, in Robertson Building,
(next to post office) a pawn office. Mon
ey advanced on Jewerly, Watches,
Rings; Diamonds, Furniture, Buggios,
Carriages and Household Articlos for
thirty days. If not redeemed in tho
time will bo sold for loans.
w. c. Myers.
BuhIiioss Notices.
Roll tho baby out and give him nn
airing. Tho snow has gono. Wo havo
tho carrlagos If you havo tho Baby.?
We pay the freight.
S. M. & E. H. Wilkos & Co.
Fou Sale or rent on easy
Terms?Tho house lutely occupied
by Dr. j. T. Poolo. Apply to
j. A. B?ks dale,
President National Bank.
Can you think? Thon what is your
opinion of our homo mado oxtracts of
Lemon Vanilla?
Tho Laurens Drug Co.
Coino to soo ue, or writo to us for a
plcturo of our Rocking Chair, we ore
making a drive on for onlv *'
good as nnv ?*
FLYING FRAGMENTS.
SMALL MATTERS OF NEWS QUICK
LY READ AND FORGOTTEN*
People Who Came to Court?What
Everybody Talks About?Uluts
Suggestions and Harm
less Oossip.
Miss Claudia Irby has been staying
with frionds in Clinton.
Mr. W. W. Ball was up from Colum
bia on last Friday.
Miss Emma Halo returned to Clinton
Saturday.
Law-breakers catch something not
from Solicitor Schumport.
Mr. John Y. Garlington, of tho At
lanta Bar, paid his parents a visit last
week.
Mrs. J. R. Little spent several days
with her father, Dr. Boozer of Clinton,
last wook.
Mr. Mullins of Newborry, visited his
friend, Prosident Lucas of tho Laurons
Cotton Mills, Thursday.
Hampton street alone would furnish
mud sutllciont for millions of childron
to make endless pies.
Tho childron did tho patriotic for all
parties on Washington's birthday. No
exercises woro held in any of tho
schools in the city.
Mr. W. E. Lucas, President of the
Cotton Mill, came down from Spartan
burg last week to take up his abode in
Laurens.
Selecting a sito for tho Mill has oc
cupied sovoral days but if tho spot has
boon agreed upon, tho decision has not
boon made public.
Judgo Aldritch complained last week
at tho crowding of tho bar in tho court
h?u&e by porsons not officers of tho
cor.rt.
Adjutant Gonoral Watts attended
the banquot of tho Washington Light
Infantry, Charleston, S. C., on the
twenty-second.
Mr. D. B. Johnson, for years superin
tendent of tho Columbia Public Schools
has beon ^ected Prosldont of tho Girls
Normal and Industrial School at Rock
Bill.
Miss Helen Nott complimented a
numbor of her frionds yesterday after
noon with a most dolightful Cinderella
toa in honor of Miss Nita Friorson, of
Laurens.?Spartanburg Herald.
Mi'8. Books who has beon keeping a
boarding-house on Main Street near
tho square has removed to tho brick
house opposite "Tho Gilkcrson
Houso" and will bo glad to see her
frionds thoro.
Mr. J. O. C. Fleming, Col. J. D. M.
Shaw and Captain J. B. Humbort com
pose tho committee appointed by Gov.
Evans to soe that Laurons is "in it" at
tho groat Cotton States Exposition at
Atlanta this fall.
Laurons farmers will do woll to read
with care tho communication entitled
ilBuild up your Land" in this issue It
treats in a very interesting manner of
fertilizers, their uses, and how most
oasily obtained, and in fact is full of
desirablo information.
Wo regret to learn of the burning of
Mr. Robert Pitts dwelling and out
buildings, near Waterloo on Friday
night. In addition to tho building and
furniture Mr. Pitts lost his supply of
pork for tho year. Ho has insurance
we learn for $750 00.
Simon Dondy, a young colored man
in the city died of pneumonia on the
night of tho 2lst instant. Ho was
a member of tho Firo Department, a
very ellicient Captain of tho Enter
prise Firo Engino in this city, and had
tho respect and confidence of tho com
munity.
On Saturday aftornoon the Fire Com
pany attended by a groat procossion,
embracing most of tho colorod popula
tion escorted tho remains to the city
cemetery for colorod people.
Dr. and Mrs. B. K. Aiken, Mr. S. M.
Wilkes, Mr. D. A. Davis, Miss Janio
Fuller and Miss Irene Ray woro somo
Laurens pooplo who took in "Trial by
Jury" the opera presontod by Clinton
ametures for tho bonotlt of tho Thorn
woll Orphanage on Friday evening.?
Tho affair was under tho management
of Mrs. W. M. McCaslin, and is report
ed to have passed off splondlly.
Prof. Ford, tho great humorist and
entertalnor?known as the successor of
Willoughby Reid?has boon engaged
to glvo two of his splendid entertain
ments at Laurens on the nights of tho
11th and 12th of March. Proceeds for
bonofit Methodist Parsonage.
"Ho moved his audience from laugh
tor to tears at will."?Philadelphia
Press.
At tho Opera House.
Mr. Heckler, tho strong man, will
give an interesting little show in tho
Opera House, to-day, Tuesday. Ho
has propared a squadron of ships
which will ongago in battle as natural
as life. Tho naval conllict between
tho Monitor and Morrimac will repre
sent one of tho most thrilling scones of
the late war, and tho other foatures
promises to bo equally as Interesting
from a historic and instructive point of
war. Matinee for tho benefit of tho
childron will bo givon this aftornoon
at 3:30, p. m. Admission 10 cents for
childron; trrown peoplo 25 conts.
Admission for night entertainment
will bo 15, 25 and 35 conts.
Frederick Douglass, the colored ora
tor and politician, died tho 20th inst.
at Washington. Ho was born a slavo.
How's This!
Wo offor Ono Hundrod Dollurs Re
ward for any case of Catarrh that can
not bo cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure.
F. J. CnENKY & Co., Props.,
Tolodo. O.
Wo, tho undersigned, havo known
F. J. Chonoy for tho last 15 years, and
boliovo him porfeet.l" !n nil
business !>?"
A Beautiful Wedding.
A very beautiful and Impressive 6% re
mony was enacted at the residence of
W. H. Garrett, on Wednesday morn
ing when Miss Mary Elizabeth Garrett
was married to Mr. W. O. Prentiss. of
Beaufort. Gloomy, inelemenc weather
on that day gave way to glorlons sun
shine, a happy omen for the future of
one of the fairest and most beloved of
the daughters of Laurens. At 12 m.
Miss May Dibble, of Orangoburg; T.
D. Darlington, of Savannah; MIsb Katie
Prentiss, of Charleston, and Claude W.
Garrett entered tho parlor, followed by
the bride and groom. Thoservlco was
read by tho Rov. j. D. Pitts, of tho
Baptist church, In the presence' of a
number of tho rolatlves and friends of
the contracting parties. The brldo
wore a stylish and handsome tailor
made travollng dress and carried a bou
quet of white hyacinth and ferns.?
Misses Dibble and Prentiss were at
tired in becoming street costumes.
Immediately after tho ceremony Mr.
and Mrs. Prentiss left by way of Au
gusta for tholr homo at Beaufort, fol
lowed by earnest good wishos and tho
traditional old shoes and showors of
rice. Hosts of friends, absont and
prcsont, were represented by an array
of beautiful bridal presents in cut
glass and silver. Miss Garrott in going
away loaves a trap in social circless here
which It will bo most difficult to fill
Mr. Prentiss, at prcsont postmastei of
the city of Beaufort, Is well known and
deservedly popular in Laurens, having
resided hero for two years. Among the
j: nest s from out of town were Mrs. John
Can* and Miss Dibble, or Orangoburg;
Miss Kattlo Prentiss, Mr. Christopher
Prentiss and Mr. Paul Prentiss, of
Charleston; Mr. Will Garrett, of Barks
dale's; Mls8d<hnma Halo, of Clinton, and
Mr. O. W. Spencer, of Salisbury.
N'ow for Business?
A correspondent who signs himself
"Businoss" this morning, is striking
along tho right line. It is a bad day
for Spartanburg when any of her
young business men go away to other
towns to engago in business. Mr. Lu
cas is a distinct loss to tho city. Tho
way to avoid such things is for all
hands toholp push enterprises that are
calculated to help tho town, to keep our
peoplo omployed, to bring new men
horo and to keop money in circulation.
With the magnillcont start this city
has made, tho great things already
accomplished, wo must fight against
tho idea that tho futuro of the town is
assured without tho constant and per
sistent olTorts of our people. It is time
for this city to start some new enter
prise. Wo must havo no resting sea
son. Wo must keep the ball rolling.?
Greenville has five new cotton factorios
now under way with tho prospect of a
sixth. Spartaburg cannot stand still
without retrograding. Thoro uro op
portunities every day offered for the
advancement of tho business Intcrosts
of this city. Lot us all resolve to come
together and make an effort to make
tho spring of 1895 memorable in the
annals of this city, as a season of indus
trial activity. Wo can do it. The men
aro hero, tho money is here and the
opportunities. Lot us all get together,
and as tho first stop in this direction,
lot there bo a full turnout at tho meet
ing at tho Young Men's Business
Loague, advortisod for tomorrow after
noon. Lot no man stay away because
he has not been Invited or is not a
member. Lot every member who
fools that ho has tho interest of this
city at heart and who would bo bone
fitted by tho general prosperity, feel
that ho is a committee of one appointed
to put his own name on tho roll and to
invito somobody else. Lot's get to
gether for tho good of Spartanburg.?
Spartanburg Herald.
Harper's Weekly in 1895.
Harper s Weekly is a pictorial his
tory of tho timos. It presents evev
important event promptly, accurately,
and exhaustively in illustration and do
soriptlve text of the highest order.
The manner in which, during 1894, it
has treated tho Chicago Railway
Strikes and tho China-Japaneso War,
and tho amount of lignt it was ablo to
throw on Koroa the instant attention
was directed to that little known coun
try, aro examples of its almost [bound
less resources. Julian Ralph, the dis
tinguished writor and correspondent,
has been sent to the jeat of war, and
there joined by C. D. Woldon, tho well
known American artist; now for many
years a residont in Japan, who has
been engaged to co-operate with Mr.
Ralph in sending to Harper's Woekly
exclusive information and illustration.
During 1895 every vital question will
bo discussed with vigor and without
prejudice in tho editorial columns, and
also in special articles by tho highest
authorities in each department. Por
traits of tho mon and women who arc
making history, and powerful and
caustic political cartoons, will continue
to bo characteristic features. This
busy world with its keon nnd kindly
comment on tho lesser doings of tho
day, will romain a regular department.
Fiction. Thoro will bo two power
ful serials, both handsomely Illustrated
?Tho Red Cockade, a stirring ro
mance of olden days by Stanley J.
Woyman, and a novel of Now York,
entitled Tho Son of His Father, by
Brander Matthows?several novolottes,
and many short stories by popular
writers.
Send for Illustrated Prospectus.
Tho Volumes of tho Weokly begin
with tho first Number of January for
each year. When no time is mentioned,
subscriptions will begin with tho Nmn
ber current at the timo of receipt.
Cloth Cases for each volume, sultablo
for binding, will be sent by mail, post
paid, on receipt of $1.00 oacli. Title
page and Index sent on application.
Remittances should be made by Post
Office Money Order or Draft, to avoid
chance of loss.
Newpapor8 nro not to copy this ad
verti8omont without tho oxpress order
of Harper and Brothers.
Harper's Periodicals.
Harper's Magazine, one year, $ i 00
Harpor's Weekly, " " 1 00
Harper's Bazar, " " 100
Harper's Young People, " 100
Postago froo to all subscribers in tho
United States, Canada and Mexico.
Address HARPER & BROTHERS,
P. O. Box 950, N. Y. City.
CITIZENS' TICKET.
OR?
COURT WEEK.
H.. it I) WORK ON A HEAVY ( KIM
INAL DOOM ET.
Tho Convlctlou of Wash Oweus?Jim
Jeans Utility of Manslaughter?
The f'uuntnghaui Case
Continued.
Wash Owens must die. Ho was con
victed of the murdor of Mr. Dorroh
Hair-tun. This dastardly assassinatiop
occured, it will be remembered, on tho
3rd. of November, 1893. Mr. Hair-tun,
a respected white farmer, was shot at
his supper table.
Owens was arrosted about a month
ago in Abbeville.
Tho testimony which convioted
Owens was for tho most part his con
fessions to various negroes.
Tom Dlllurd, colored, sworo that ho
saw Owens within two miles of Mr.
Huirston's house tho day boforo tho
killing.
Emma Balentino testliicd that on
tho morning aftor tho killing Owens
stopped at her houso and usked for
something to eat. Ho told her that
he was in troublo and hud killed a
white man.
Various other colored witnesses
sworo to confessions agreeing more or
loss with those.
Tho dofouco endoavored to prove an
alibi but failed to do so satisfactorily
to tho jury.
Solicitor Schumpert conducted the
prosecution with vigor and he was
ably defended by Messrs. Johnson &
Kichoy and N. b. Dial.
The killing of Mr. Hairston was one
of the most villainous crimes ever com
mitted in Laurens.
Judge Aldritch overruled a motion
for a now trial and sentenced Owens to
be hanged on Friday, tho 19th April
next.
Besides tho conviction of Owens in
the sessions during lust week tho fol
lowing convictions wero had and sen
tences passed:
Peter Heath, burglary of a car,
twenty-one months in the Penitentiary
at hard labor; Leo Philips, burglary
and larceny, six years; John Sullivan,
stealing a horse, fountocn month; Pe
ter Barksdale, burglary, (breaking
poultry house and stealing three tur
keys in i'ight time,) one year; Jim
James, manslaughter, live yoars; Sain
Fowler, manslaughter, live yoars;
Wado Robertson, aggravated assault,
four months: Frank A. Perry, white,
charged with burglarising New Pros
pect Church, was acquitted; Truss
Philips charged with bclonlous assault,
not guilty by reason of insanity and or
dered to bo sent to tho Assaylun.
Quite a sensation grew out of tho tes
timony of 'W. B. Fuller in tho trial of
Leo Philips. Fuller sworo that a watch,
the property of his daughter was found
to bo in tho possession of Stafford, tho
notorious Indian Doctor, then residing
near Cross Hill. Stafford gave up the
watch, but having stolon property in
his possession, the local Trial Justice,
Mr. S. W. Lowe, had dealings with
Stafford who made things easy oypart
ing with a horse of tho value of $125.00,
a milk cow $30.00, and a buggy of value
01 $25.00, and ho Fuller getting $(5.00.
Mr. Lowe turning over to tho Doctor a
$25.00 horse. Judge Aldritch directed
these mutters investigated, expressing
tho hope that it would be cleared up
and shown that no South Carolinian
would inuko money by deals of this
kind.
The case of tho State vs. M. C Cun
ningham for killing of Wilson Boyd,
in which there huvo already been three
mis trials was continued to the July
term.
The sessions closed at 1:30, p. m., Sat
urday when the Jurors were dismissed.
At this writing the Court is engaged
upon civil cases requiring a Jury.
The People's Ticket.
FOR MAYOR:
N. B. Dial.
ALDERMAN :
J. O. C. Fleming,
M. II. Fowler,
W. P. Childess,
Dr. W. C. Irby,
Dr. J. P. Simpson,
J. J. Roland.
Preachers are witnesses for
Christ. No man is ever culled to
tho stand to give hearsay evidence.
?L?nort y.
A good way to get a new sermon
is to practice what you preached
about last.?Lafferty.
Tho Stato cannot exist without
religious principles. They are the
foundation and life of the nation.
Every promise should ho given
with caution and kept with cure?
It should bo made with tho heart
and remembered by tho head.
Every heart has its secret sor
row, which the world knows, not ;
and oftentimes we call a man cold
when ho is only sad.
Tho first book a child reads is its
mothor. How pure and beautiful
that first book should bo, and how
Strong that it may not wear out
before the lessons are learned!?
Lafferty.
South Carolina Calcined
m ... ?
Ituild up If our Land. #
# Improve Your Crops.
For swedtning sour land and building
up poor soil it has no equal, and
Build up Your Lands.
Dear Sir:
We hoar in all directions that tho
farmers will not use fertilizer next
year. Wo know very well that they
will ehange their minds when the
planting season arrives, for it has been
demonstrated that fertilizing is abso
lutely necessary to our soil; but I
would adviso our.farmers to plant less
land, and fortilize freely, for it pays;
plow up tho surplus land and put in
about five hundred pounds marl to the
acre; sow those lands in leguminous
(?laut . forgreon manuring and for foed
ng. This would put tho lands in lino
condition for raising tho crop noxt sea
son, without other fertilizer.
Tho U. S. Dopartmont of Agriculture
says, green manuring or plpwing undor
greon crops raised for that purpose, is
ono of tho oldest means of improving
tho fortuity of tho soil. It was advo
cated by Romun writers moro than two
thousand yoars ago, and from that time
until now it bus formed a most impor
tant resource of tho furmor, especially
whore tho supply of barn yard manure
is in Millie imt. Its advantages aro
many. The moro striking ure, that it
furnishes tho surfacosoil with a supply
of tho fertilizing materials needed by
crops, increases tho humus, and im
proves -the physical qualities und the
tilth of tho soil. As a humus former,
greon manuring stands noxt to barn
yard man uro.
By means of green manuring, land
which is practically barren may bo
brought up to a state of fertility where
it will produco profitable crops. As a
single instance of this, may bo men
tioned tho experiments carried on by
tho Michigan ICxpcrimcnt Station on
the Jackson Plains of that State. In
1888, experiments were undertaken on
tho light sandy, almost barren, soils of
those plains. Green manures wero used
mainly, supplemented by cheap fertil
izers. In three years marked Improve
ment was evident, not only in tho phy
sical character of tho soil, but also in
tho increased yields of various crops.
Again, green manuring may be used
to take the pluco of more expensive
fertilizers and manures on soils already
under cultivation. It is in this latter
use that It finds its widest application.
There has been much speculation as
to tho manner in which tho crops com
monly used for green manuring could
gather such large quantities of fertiliz
ing. It will be remomborcd, that the
principal fertilizing ingredients re
quired by plants aro nitrogen, phos
phoric acid and potash. These aro
each, and all moro or less, essential to
tho healthy growth of crops. Conse
quently they are applied to tho soil in
tho form of commercial fertilizers and
other manures. In attempting to ex
plain how tho fertility of the soil is
maintained by green manuring, it has
been said, that plants with long roots,
like clovers, feed deep down in the soil
or subsoils on materials beyond the
roach of surface feeding plants: and
that when tho tops of these plants die
down and are mixed with the surface
soil, they enrich it much tho same as
an application of barn yard manures.?
This is undoubtedly true, but it fails to
explain how s,-?h largo quantities of
materials can be obtained, especially
when clover is grown continuously for
a number of years. Tho question lias
finally been solved by one of tho most
interesting and important discoveries
yet mado in agricultural science. It
has been found that certain plants can
feed upon the nitrogen in the atmos
phere. They take their phosphoric
acid and potash from the soil, but they
obtain their nitrogen very largely from
the air. Hence they draw from the air
a. material necessary to the growth of
crops, which in the form of commercial
fertilizers,as nitrate of soda,ammonium
sulphate, dried blood, etc., is paid for
at tho rate of from lf> to 20 cents a
pound.
WOW plants get nitrogen prom
Tino air.
The air wo breathe is about four
fifths nitrogen and one-fifth oxygen.?
We use the oxygen in breathing but
discard the nitrogen. It has been re
garded merely as a material for dilut
ing tho oxygon, which would otherwise
bo too strong for our use. All attempts
to economically render this nitrogen
of the air available for plant food, by
chemical means, have been unsuccess
ful. Recently it lias been discovered
that the so-called, leguminous plants?
clover, peas, beans, lupines, vetehes,
otc, can take up this nitrogen of the
air and can grow without being ma
nured with phosphoric acid and potash.
The manner in which this nitrogen as
similution takes place lias been care
fully and patiently studied by scien
tists, and although the details are not
fully understood, tho primary cause has
been found. It is believed that plants
aro enabled to get this nitrogen through
the activity of the lower forms of life,
bacteria or microbes, which can only
bo seen with the aid of a powerful mic
roscope. Those organisms live in ffle
soil and are to lie found whoro lcguini
nous plants have been grown. They
produco, or cause the plants to produce,
little nobules, or tubercules, on the
roots, it is through these tubercules
that tho plant gets its atmospheric
nitrogen. Tho air enters the soil by
tho numerous pores or openings in it,
which aro produced by plowing, culti
vating and working the soil, by decay
of rootlets, by earthworms, etc. By
just what physiological processes the
nitrogen ussimulutions takes is a ques
tion still in dispute among scientists
It is sufficient for practical purposes
to know that nitrogen is taken up from
tho air by the growing plant, directly
or indirectly, and that this nitrogen
assimulation takes place as a result of
the lifo of bacteria. It is a peculiar
fact that few, if any, root tubercules
are formed when leguminous plants arc
manured with nitrogen: the plants
must lirst hunger for nitrogen before
the tubercules aro formed, and the
presence of tubercules indicates that
tho plants are taking nitrogen from the
air.
Now, curious as it may seem, there
appears to be different forms of bacte
ria for different kinds Of plants. Hence
it sometimes becomes necessary to
provide crops with the necessary bac
teria before they use the nitrogen of
tho air. This is done by applying a
a light dressing of soil in which the
kind of plants it is wished to grow have
been previously grown. This is called
inoculation, it is sometimes necessary
in growing a crop on a piece of land
for tho first thno in several years.?
Suppose, for instance, that peas which
had been sown on land manured with
phosphates and potash but without
nitrogen failed to grow luxuriantly.
If the other conditions were favorable,
the influence would bo that bnnt/??dp ?'
.1. ??,.?? .... '
.?
actually enriches the soil in nitrogen
ous matter.
It will thus be seen that by greon
manuring with legeralnous crops it is
possible to manuro the soil with nitro
f:en from tho air, a freoand inoxhaust
ble 80uce, and thus avoid buying fer
tilizers containing much nitrogen.?
This greatly lessens tho oxpenso for
eommerlcal fertilizers, for nitrogen Is
tho most expensive eloinent tho farmor
has to buy. As stated ubovo, It costs
from 15 to 20 conts per pound, whllo
potash and phosphoric acid cost only
5 cents to 7 conts, or less. Although
grains, grasses, corn, cotton, root
crops, etc., cannot uso the nitrogen of
tho air, greon manuring enables them
to benefit by It Indirectly.
SOME CHOI'S FOB QRBEN MANURING.
Among tho leguminous plunts more
commonly used for green manuring In
this country und in Europe, uro cow
pea, alfalfa, clovers, melilotus, Serra
della, lupines, votch and horse bean.?
Some of theso aro described below.
COWPEA,
Tho cowpea is widely used as a greon
manure In tho Southern States. Ac
cording to tho North Carolina Experi
ment Station, "the cowpea being a
tender annual, should always be sown
in tho Spring. U will give a yield sown
as lato as duly 1, but tho earlier it is
sown after danger of frost is passed tho
heavier tho yiold. Tho pea is usually
sown broadcast at tho rato of two
bushels per acre and plowed or har
rowed in. The cowpea is not alfected
by heat, and is loss sensitive to drought
than any of. the clovers."
Experiments have shown that cow
peas respond readily to applications of
potash and phosphates, and are able to
dorivo their nitrogen very largely from
the air. Inasmuch as cowpoas are
largo gatherers of nitrogen and also
secure considerable amounts of potash
and phosphoric acid through their ox
tensive root system, which reaches
down to the subsoil, they have a high
fertilizing value. How to get the
greatest oenefit from the fertilising
constituents of cowpoas is one of tho
problems on which the experiment
stations are working. If tho cowpoas
aro plowed under in the full and the
ground left bare until spring, a large
share of the nitrogen will be leeched
away. By sowing wheat or ryo after
the cowpoas are plowed under part of
this loss may bo avoided. If tho vinos
are cut and allowed to lie on tho ground
during the winter the nitrogen is rap
idly lost. In an experiment at the sta
tion in Alabama it was found that
vines gathered in October hud from
1,45 to 2.02 per cent, of nitrogen, while
if left on the ground until January,
they had only about 0.70 per cent, i. o.,
they lost two-thirds of their most fer
tilizing ingredient.
Experiments at theLouisana Station
show that one aero oi cowpeas, yield
ing 3,037.38 pounds of organic matter,
turned under, gave to the soil, 01.95
pounds of nitrogen, 2()..'I9 pounds of
phosphoric acid and 110.50 pounds oi
p0ta8h, of which at least 8.3-1 pounds of
nitrogen, 4.43 pounds of phosphoric
acid und 18.1 pounds of potash woro
furnished by tho roots. Analysis made
at the South Carolina Station show
that cowpea hay contains 1,42 per cent,
of potash, 0.30 per cent, of phosphoric
acid and 2.71 per cent, of nitrogen.?
Cowpea roots contained 1.10 per cent,
of potash, 0.28 per cent, of phosphoric
acid and 0.01 per rent, of nitrogen: the
root and stubble two months after the 1
crop was harvested, contained 0.83 per
cent of potash, 0.20 per cent , of phos
phoric acid and 1.35 per cent, of nitro
gen. Experiments from elsewhere
showed that tho vines from a given
area weighed six times as much as the
roots and wore 81 times times as valua
ble for manuro.
Cowpoas and melilotus have given
good results as green manure on the
eanobroak lands of Alabama. Before
the land was sowed in melilotus and
cowpea?, it was not worth cultivating.
The season (1800) it produced us line u
a crop as the best lands of the station
highly fertilized.
GREEN MANURING ON MEDIUM RICH
SOILS.
(Ircen manuring on medium rich soils
has much less to recommend than on
sandy soils. Although the green ma
nuring of light sandy soils with lupines
is often of very great advantage in en
riching the soil in nullius, this advan
tage does not hold good in the case of
better soils. There aro other plants
better adapted than lupines to servo as
fellow crops on these better soils. Ser
radella does well, hut as a rule is not
to be recommended for a principal crop,
and when sown with rye, giving a good
yield, it is often chocked out as to
amount to very little. But where it
can be grown to advantage as a first
crop on bettor soils, it must bo fed to
be utilized to the fullest extent as
pointed out above.
Sl'MMAHY.
(I.) Qronn manuring Improve^ Hie
physical properties of tho soil by hiBk
ing tho soil moro pnrous ami adding to
Its supply Ol humus. It brings up tho
dormant plant fond from deep down in
tho.soil and deposits it near tho surface,
where it can bo usotl by plants fcoding
near tbo surfaoe.
(*2.) Uroen mauutlntf with buckwheat,
hungnrian grass and othor non-leaumin
oust plant*, adds practically nothing to
the soil which was not. there oolorc, ex
cept a mass of VOgetnblo manor which
deOAJ s and goes to form h u in us.
(3.) Green manuring with clovers, peas
In ans, lupines , ?to. (leguminous crops)
actually enriches tho *oil in nitrogen
drawn from the air. Theso plants oan
mow wiih very little nitrogen. Thoy
store up the nittogon or tho air as thoy
grow, and when plotted illtdor give it up
to tho soil, ami to future crops. It is tbo
cboipest means of manuring tho soil
with nitrogen.
(I.) Hut animals mi woll ns plants re
quire nitrogen for food. My feeding tho
crops of cloyor. cowpea, etc., only about
one-fourth <>f the fertilizing materials of
tho crop is lost if (no manuro is propel ly
oared for. As tho nitrogen oi tho
air Is tho cheapest source of nitrogen for
plants, so it is i he cheapest, source ol pro
loin i nitrogen I lor aillmnls. The It gum
InottS crop is host ulili/.' d when it is It d
out on the farm and tho manuro saved
and RppPo I to the soil. Th?" greatest pro
fit Is tliUS SOOUrcd and nearly (ho same
fertility is maintained as in green ma
ll ring.
(5.) For ronovatlng worked or barren
soils, ami lor maintaining the fortuity
where tho bnrnyard manuro is not prop
erly eared tor. greet! manuring with such
leguminous crops as nowpons, clovers and
lupines is recommended. A dressing Of
potash and phosphalos will usually bo
BUllioiont for tho green manuring crop.
(<i.) Tho practice of green manuring or,
medium and hotter clnSSOH Of soils is ir
rational ami wastoffil. Tho farmer
should mend his system so that ti><
birn?'??"'- ??!>>? ?'?>?? >r
TEACHERS' COLUMN.
B. Y. CULBKRTSOX. Editor.
All communications for this column
should be sent to B. Y. Colbertson
Madden, S. O.
Suggestions to the Delegates of
the Constitutional Conven
tion.
The result of the coming Consti
tutional Convention is, in our opin
ion, of grave importance to nil
South Carolinians who arc inter
ested in the progress of civilization
and success of our State. The
delegates to that convention will
possess the power of altering or
amending our State Constitution,
which is the foundation of the laws
under which we live and by which
we arc to be governed. There will
probably be many questions of more
or lets importance to be considered,
but we think one of the most im
portant will be concerning the
school law.
The future prosperity of o u r
State depends chiefly upon the ed
ucation of the rising generation.?
Therefore, if we would expect oui
State to continue to rank in the
high position that she now occupies
the boys and girls must be educa
ted. But how this is to be done is
a question which confronts us, and
which will confront the delegates
to that convention.
We realize the fact that there are
thousands ot children in our State
who arc anxiously striving for an
education. Some of these arc so
fortunate as to have parents who
arc both able and willing to edu
cate them. Others have parents
who, for various reasons, ale not
willing to apply their money to
wards the education of their chil
drcn as they should. While hun
dreds of others fdill have parents
who are wholly unable to give them
an education. Now, the State
should ho proud lint her constitu
tion lias provided a plan whereby
this latter class has had the advan
tage of a free education from two
to four months during the year.
But this is not enough. No State
should be content in seeing such a
large per cent, of blight boys and
girls growing up In ignorance with
out using her utmost power to bet
ter their condition.
Taking this vJ" . me matter
we. ^oOTevc ?...at the delegates to the
Constitutional Convention should,
at Ihc least calculation, double the
school fund of South Cniolinn.
To some this might reem to be a
high tax. But low tuition would
be a better name. As it stands
now wc are paying the pitiful sum
of a two mills tax and a one-dollar
poll tax for educational purposes.?
This amounts to $3 38 per pupil for
the total expense of the public
schools. From this amount is to
be deducted the expenses for sites,
buildings, furniture, salaries of
School Commissioners, Superinten
dents, etc. How much remains for
the schools after this deduction wc
do not know. But wc do know
that there is not enough public
funds to run the schools one-half as
long as they should be run. But to
double the school tax would be to
run the schools more than twice as
long as they run now, as it would
not necessarily increase any of the
above mentioned expenses.
Let us notice sonic statistics taken
from the report of the Commissioner
of Education. This report shows
that South Carolina is the extreme
hindmost State in the promotion ot
public schools. The following is
the average yearly expenditure per
pupil for public school purposes in
each State, beginning with the
highest and ending with the low
est:
Colorado, $43.43; Arizona, $38.68;
California $35.38; Montana, $34.36;
Minnesota. $32.96; Wyoming, $32.
55; Dist. of Columbia, $32.14; Neva
da, $31.SS, North Dakota, $30.30;
Massachusetts, $30.26; New York,
$27.28; Rhode Island, $26.10;
Washington, $25.93; Connecticut,
$25.79; South Dakota, $24.82; New
Jeiscy, $23.86; Nebraska, $23.10;
Illinois, $21.63; Iowa, $20.8.1; Kan
sas, $20.4.1;; New Hampshire, $20.
33; Ohio, $19.20; Michigan, $ 18 97,
Wisconsin. $18.96; Pennsylvania,
$18.93: Utah, $18.83; Maryland,
$18.67 Oregon, $18.60; Idaho,
$17.79; Vermont, $15.50; Indiana,
$15.33; Missouri, $14.13; Maine,
$13.50; Delaware, $11.60; Texas,
$10.80 ; West Virginia, $9 85 ; Ken
tucky, $9.78; Louisiana, 8.60; Vir
ginia, $8.10; Florida, $7.97 ; New
Mexico, $7.25; Arkansas, $6.84;
Mississippi, $5 52 ; Alabama, $4.88 ;
Tennessee, $472; Georgia, $4.17;
North Carolina, $3.52 ; South Caro
lina, $338.
Examine the above carefully.?
Read and compare. Just think of
our dear old Palmetto State being
in the rear. What must wc do?
South Carolina has many ad
vantages of which she is proud,
but "one thing thou lackest": in
crease your public fund to educate
the children.
If things remain as they are for a
few more years the majority of the
best teachers will be in those States
which offer them the best induce
ments, for wc. believe the time is
past for schools to flourish a great
deal by private subscription.
Another good suggestion, we
think, would be to allow every
person the right to haVe his school
tax applied to cither white or col
ored schools, as he chdQses.
Now. if any one hat? any addi
tional suggestions, to make, or any
that would be better than ours, this
column is open for the publication
of the same. It is not only the
duty of teachers, but of everybody -J
to say and do something for this
cause.
Among other "Maxima for
Preachers," contained in a series
published by a Jewish Rabbi, are
these: "If you have nothing to
Ray, say nothing. When you are
done, stop."
Prayer i s not communication
merely but communion. 8o??
people pray us if they w?r.
to communicate with hi .... |i
through a 'phono?and did net
know how to use the 'phone.- -Luf
ferty.
If wo were as anxious for Jesus
to complete His work In us us wo
wero f<>r Him to begin it, there
would not bo 80 many people in
tho Church who see men as trees
walking.? L? (forty.
No man can binder our private
addresses to God; eveiy man can
build a chapel in his brp.?Mf, him
self the priest, his heart tho.fluttU
lire, and tho earth ho trouls on
tho ultar.?Jeremy Taylor.
Pridti is increased by ignorance;
those who assume the mast are
usually tin- i- <? -Ik, Know leas*.
Tho Lucky Number.
State ok South Carolina, )
County of Laurens. \
We the undorstgned hereby certify
that we wore present at the Prize
Drawing of The Laurons Drug Co., on
Friday, February 22d, 1895, that tho
same was fairly conducted, and to Miss
Abbie Hampton, Laurens, S. C, be
longs tho prize.
Signed?
Jas. t. Crews,
It, l. Walker.
Witness
H. K. AlKEN, Manager L. D. Co.
Correct answers were also received
from -
Clifton Mad Inn, High Point, S. C.
/.. II. W- iuht, T.i 11 rsvi 1!?, S. C.
Miss iSllie C'npolitiMl, Nta'oville, N. C.
WotVord \ n<loi'HOi>, Tip Top, S. C.
J. 8. Parrott, HurkttdHlo, s. ('.
Lucius I-'. McSwaln, Laurens, fS. C
T. L. Monroe, " "
.1 ink (j trim ton, " "
MiSm Inn Little, " "
" ll'-sst- Crows, " ?
?' May Little, " ?
" Vaugh Oritton, " "
" Laura a.l) n ksdnle," "
" KSinma O, Jouos, " "
(}. S. Qarrott, " "
W. II. \ nderson,
Cnrdoll W>ight, " "
s. P. ?nbti, "
mis- Jimnlo K lleilama, Cirny Court.
m iss 11 cue Tongue, Mountvllle, S. <'.
Miss auw? IL Cook, Cross HIP, H. O
Jamio Wstkfiis, llabbtpwn, S.O.
Miss()el.t\ in llel'HllwfClra.V Court, S.C.
Miss |?*iora Adams, Greenville, s. C.
Miss Lonlee Hu IgOtlH, M tddens, S C.
Cook lluiidoraon, Jachin, S.O.
(irogg Workman, Kirk Post Office,
i Limestone Cotintv, Toxas.
We are very glad to known that our
advertisement has furnished soino di
' version to such a goodly number during
tho past few weeks ami you will find
us always ready to supply ample proof
of any printed statement wo may make
as to prices, quality or variety of our
Stock Of Drugs, Medicines and Sta
I tlonory. Try us the next time you
think of buying anything 111 our line.
I Ourstore' is called by many "The
Kconomical Drug Store, and wo oxpeot
to build a business on this concrete
foundation tho lowest prices consist
ent with best quality, livery detail of
our business rocolvosoaroful attention.
Wo lay no claim to having tho
''cheapest goods." Such a statement
alone, by itself, is not embraced in our
pur)k>8c. Price and Quality should
never be separated they cannot bo
separated, because tho one Axes tho
other. We Btrivo to keep tho balance
between them steady and constant.
Yours for fair dealing.
Tho LnuroiiH Drug Co.
Books and Drug*.
War! WatT
Of> the Prices rr