Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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yOL< K. LAURENS, S. C, TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1395. NO, 23. ^ Ah Hl? Mother Used to Oo. Ho criticised her puddings nnd ho found - fault with her cake; lie wished she'd make such biscuit re* his mother used to make; fjhe didn't wash the dishes and she didn't make n stew, Nor oven mend bis stockings, as his mother used to do. Ills mother had six children, buM^juhjhf !'.Pr \vnrk ivflD.jlojjw. ?"-*""' His wife seemed drudging always, yet she only bad the one. if is mother nlways wns well dressed, Iiis wife would lit) so, too, if only she would nuinngo as bis mother used to do. Ah, well I She was not perfect, though she tried to do her best. Until at length she thought her time bad come to have a rest; So when one day bo wont tho same old rigmarole all through, 8he turned nnd boxed his cars, just ns his mother used to do. MOWED DOWN LIKE GRASS. iiuklf:i> into ktmrnity with our wakn1n?. Tho MoHt Awful Culumity In tho His tory of Montana?A Powder ICxplo fdou Htrcwti the Head Around Like on a Hut t ie :? ici.l. B?TTE, Mont., Jan. 15.?During a flro at tho Montaua Central Hallway yards thin ovening scvoral Oliva of pow der caught fire and exploded with tre mendous foree, killing a number of firemen and spectators and maiming many others. Several men oro known to have been killed outright. Thero were threo separate explosions, tho first two breaking nearly evory win dow within a radius Of two miles. Owing to tho excitement tho oxtont of tho casualties cannot he ascertained. Tho tiro attracted a largo crowd and hundreds wore standing near when tho first explosion occurred. Men and women were mowed down liko grass before a sickle but many uro oniy stunned by tho force of tho explosion. Debris from curs and ad joining build ing were scattered high In the air for half a mile away, many of tho Ilylug articles striking people in tho crowd. Every anibulauoa vehicle and doctor iu town was soon on the scene carrying Off tho dead nod WOUtldod. Tho ground was strewn like a lie'd of battlo with tho injured and dead. Owing to the fact that there wcro Still several cars of powder ou the track and tho report that ouo of the burning warehouses also contained u quantity of powder, few, after tho first explosion, dared to venture assistance to tho injured. When they did they were met by the second explosion, like a raking flro from an army. Tho sec ond was soon followed by too third, and tho hoavons wero lighted with llamo. The reports wero heard ?fld tho shock felt for miles. After the third explosion tho hos pital corps and tho polico began the work of picking up the dead and car ing for tho wounded. Fifteen dead bodies wero piled together, many of them being mangled to such au extent that thoy wero not identified in tho ox citement. Every house in tho vicinity was turned into a hospital. Tho scono after tho explosion was beyond all de scription. Men and. women wrung their hands nnd cried in agony, ft is said that ovory fireman was either killed or fatally wounded. BUTTE, Mont., Jan. 10.?Tho tiro was oithor in tho store of Kenyon Con nell or 6ho Butto Hardware. Company's warehouse, and bn*M, contained pow der. Thero Was a Tiimot' "timi ?tlioro woe powder in tho buildings, and this reached tho oars of the firemen as soon as they arrived on tho scone, but it was denied and aftor n moment's hositatiou thoy began fighting lire. At 10.08 tho mon had barely started to work when thero was an explosion which shook Butto to Its very foundations. The powder in tho warehouse blew up, spreading death und ruin to all who wore near. All but throe of tho flre mon wero killed. It is believed that in tho first explosion only threo firemen wore killed. Thero wero heroes among tho spec tators, however, and as soon oh tho stun of tho shock passed away, whilo soiue ran in torroi, others immediately began pulling the mutilated bodies of the flromen and the injured from tho proximity of the llamos. From all over tho oity pooplo began moving to ward tho fire and tho orowd had greatly increased within five minutes. Just alxiut that length of time after tho first explosion a second oxplosion almost equal in volume to tho first heightened tho terror all over tho city and spread death and desolatiou among scores of citizens. Part?) of bod los wero hurled hundred of foet away. A man near tho Northern Pacific water tank was almost struck by tho log and thigh of a human being, driven by tho forco of dynamite from tho fearful scono. There wero still heroes loft to help pull tho shrieking wounded and tho groaning dying to a distanco, but tho pcoplo up town hesitated. Thero had beon two explosions nnd there might bo more. Thoro wero rumors ''of carloadB of powder in tho vicinity, besides that stored in tho warehouses. Five minutes later a third oxplosion did come, but it was a mild one, ami it t?ae bollovod that very few if any wero Injured by it. The disaster had all oc curred in fifteen minutes, tho most horrible in tho State's history. Tho terrible sceno aftor the oxplo sion rosomblcd a liold of battlo more than anything else. The doad wore strewn evorywhoro and tho orics and groans Of tha.'.6jurod and dyinsj. nro-_ sented a scone altogether unearthly. Blood and bruins wero spattered about. Hero worn logs and urms, scattered around wero pieces of flesh arid en trails. It was siokoning. Between tho Northorn Pacillo and tho Croat Northern depots, a space of 300 feet, tho ground was literally covorod with parts of human beings and with tho dead aud injured. Tho scene was ono of utter and absolute destruction. Tho houses In tho vicinity woro as thor oughly wrookod us If a cyclono had passod through them. Ono of the'rescuing corps gathored 27 dead bodies in ono pile. Eight woro in another. Two aud throe woro in groups hero and thoro. Tho rescuers pulled some of tho bodies out still quivering, the remnants of tho human beings still groaning while logs and arms had been torn otT. Khupoles-t trunks quivered and died in the arms of tho living. The work of rescue was prosecuted in earnest. Every vt "^iolo in tho oity wan brought Into see jo to carry away tho scores of doad and the hundreds of injured. Tho hospitals woro dllod. Too spare room* In tho hotels woro tftkeh and private houses wero thrown open where i^vus necessary. Tho fiOSO w^on orow. Chief Camer on. Assistant Clferles Sloan, Sam Ash, Kd. Rlpan, l)nvf> Mose, Davo Mngoo and .lack I'la-nnery, are all dead. Mu gOO was tho driver and romained with tho wagon about forty yards away, while Flannery was at the hydrant. Tho hook and ladder wan mannod by Georgo Filer nnd Pete Nolan, of tho regular paid department, and William Orr, one of tho voluutoere. Chief Camoreu d tree cod tho uttack on tho building and while some of the Qromon haulod a llko of those aioug, tho others started iu to tear off the iron coverings of tho building so that tboy could got at the flames. Just as they had succeeded in tour ing oil a portion of tho covering.aud sueurod an' ohtva'y*!, the first explo sion camo. A blinding shoot of llamo forced the door from Its fastenings and shot a hundred feet into tho air, fol lowed by a second of deadly silouco, and thon camo the awful rour, carry ing with it annihilation to these who olosely surrounded tho death trap, and destruction on every hand. Tho loss of lifo is variously estimat ed at from fifty to sovouty-flvo and tho wounded will probably exceed one hundred and fifty. Tho sights in tho undertaking estab lishments this morning are something awful. All uro crowded with jicups of humun flesh. Horo was ,a half bond und a mutilated trunk below it, in uu othor phico an arm loss and legless trunk with tho face disfigured beyond ?11 posslblility of recognition. Scarcely any of tho horsos were roooguiznbio and tho complete roil of dead will probubly never bo known. Forty-throo woundod are in tho hospitals and twenty-oight of thorn in u critical con dition. No attempt will bo made to complete tho identification of the dead until tho injured are all eared tor. As far as can bo learned, no one sus poctod tho presence of powder in the warehouses and, as is customary, when a Uro is ragiug pooplo wore crowded around tho burning structure as close as thoy could get. The Urcmon had arrived only a iniuuto or two before and wore almost in tho act of turning on tho first stream of water wlion a small explosion took place. This seemed to bo a sort of warning of what was to follow, for no sooner had the first puff occurred than tho people bogun to suspeol the presence of a greater quantity of tho explosive in some other part of tho structure, and some of them foil back. Before they had reached a place of safety, how ever, tho first great explosion took place and hundred of people wore buri ed right and left and many of thorn munglod boyond recognition. Bodies wore thrown for hundreds of yards i'> all direotlons. Somo wore thrown aguiust houses and smashed to a pulp, while Hying dobris literally knocked tho heads from others where they stood' One body, it is reported, was soon tlyiug through tho air at a height of 200 or 300 yards. Blood, brains, arms, logs and'othor pieces of bodies wore flying uround every whore. Many of tho wounded were a pitable sight. After tho first explosion oc curred, they wore compelled, by their holplesjuoss, to lio near the lire and tho heat only iutensi flod tho pain they wore Buffering. Thoy bogged to be takon away, but there was no means of convoying* thorn from the sconce at that time. A bookman, seeing tho terrible st?to of affairs, drovo up and attempted to assist in tho removal, but while in tho act, tho second explosion took place aud killod him and his horsos and many of tho wounded. Hours after the explosion, tho firo was tilill burning and tho Btrouoh of consuming bodies w%9 terrible. Forty* four bavo boon recovered, and as many more, it is foared by somo, are still in the ruins. Never before bavo such exciting scenes been witnessed in Montana Tho explosion occurred before many pooplo had gone to bod and when the horror of tho situation fastened itself upon thorn, they gave their whole strength andthomouns about them in rtfd ?.>/ .Ijho wounded and in oarin.'/ for tho bodieVoZ-ftoa doad.. ?fa good esti mate can bo made of the number of WOUnd?d? Thoy wore cured for by every conceivable method. Vehicles of every description were pressed into service and mangled mod, women and children were taken to hospitals, the city hall, drug stores, public buildings, doctor's offices and residences. It may bo sovoral days before tho full list can bo published. Only about one-half of tho dead bodies so far re covered bavo boon identified. The undertaker shops are full of identified bodies and at tho oolico station aro a largo number of unidentified Ones, Thoso bodies aro foarfully mangled and burned, and as tho faces of most of them are. unrecognizable, tho only moans of identification will be by the clothing or othOV proporty found on tho person of tho dead. This morning it is estimated that 75 to 100 porsons aro already doud, but it is impossible to got tho names on ac count of tho mangled condition of tho remains, it is likely many will never bo identified. Death of Capt. a. f. wakl.ey.? A special to tho News and Courier an nounces tho death of Capt. Alexander f. Warloy in Now Orleans, of heart failure, aged 72 yours. Tho corres pondent says : Many of those who wore with him in war days still toll of his splendid efforts in behalf of his iovod South, yet ho would not allow his tri umphs to bo heralded. Had ho done so, it is said much credit given others would rightfully rovort to him. His retiring naturo remained with him to tho last, and ho requested that his body be not exposed oven to tho view of his old comrades. Tho romains will bo takon to Pondloton, S. C,, and placed in tho family vault. Capt. Warloy \vus born in Walter* horo, S. C, July 20,1823. Through tho influence of tho Hon. John C. Calhoun he was appointed a naval cadet at an jQar!y._agp and was a mombor . of tho lirsLjcluss ever graduated from the naval academy at AmiupoHs. He sdrwd in tho United States navy with I distinction and was at Genoa when ho heard of tho secession of his native State. Ho resigned his position at onco and returning homo entered tho sorvlco at Chnrlo6ton and was placed in command of one ot tho batteries on Morris Islund and ordered firo to bo opened on tho vessel which attempted to reliovo Fort Sum tor. Aftor this ho was ordored to Now Orleans and fitted out tho Confederate steamer McRao. From this ship ho was transferred by Commodore Uollins to tho Confederate iron clad ram Ma nassas. When Capt Stovonson, her originator, asked for a naval offlcor to command and light her, on October 12, 1861, Capt. Warloy took tho. Manasias down to the Passes, and this was the first time an iron ciud was evor usod in any navy. Ho afterward roturned to Charleston, whore ho remained assist ing in tho dofonco of tho city until the close of tho war. Since the war Capt. Warlcy lust? rosldod in Now Orleans, llo was a man of thorough integrity, unflinching courage and of oxtonslvo reading aud attainments. - -Tho progress of Christianity in Japan is o-ic of the marvels of modern ehurch history. Tho lirst five yoars of faithful Christian struggle produced Ono convert. In 1872 was organized tho first Evangelical ( hurch of oluvon | members. Now there are 3ti6 churches j with a momborShloof 35,634. . I . .... SHOOTING IN F.DGIOI IF.I.H. A Personal Difficulty Involving tho F.vutia and Ttllman Familien-No Politics In tho Affair. Columbia, S. C, January 15.?At Edgefleld yestorday aftorncon, in tho narrow confines of Attorney C. Mo Gowau Siinkins's law oftloo, two young men, member* of tho closely allied and politically -p?Wei'M- families of Tillman and Evans, fought an im promptu duel, discharging their pistols at each other throo times euch, and shoddiug one unothor'a blood. The nows of tiio alfu'.r did not roach any point till to-day. Fortunately neither of the men are seriously injured. Ono of tho young men was Capt. .fumes H. Tillman, a nophow of tho Ex-Govornor and sou oi Ex-Congressman Georgo D. Tillman, formerly tho elork ol tho Congresssonal committee on patents, and tho other was the youngest orothor of Governor Evans, Barnard B. Evans, an iusuruuee agent. There baa been bad blood between tho two young men for over a year, it bogau at a german given duriug tho holidays of 181)3-Ul, in Edgefleld, by tho club of which Evans was president aud Tillmun a mombor. Both claimed to huvo been insulted by tho other. Tho feeling has growu inteuso during tho year, best oue thing and then another adding fire to the ilamo. Tho men woro brought together in the ofllco by Mr. Siuikins. Tillman owod Evans a note. Bo had paid all but a small amount when Evans placed it in Simkins's bunds, teiliug him to bring suit. Tillmun stated that this was unnecessary, us ho was willing to settle it if Evans were present. Mr. Simkins went to Evans, tolling him Tillman insisted ho should bo present and saying Tillman was waiting at his olllco. " Evans mentioned the intense feeling and Haid it wore better that thoy should uot meet. Finally be went. It seems that Tillman referred to the old trouble, saying ho had been iusultod by Evans. Evans suhl this was another matter, bui if Tillman felt insulted ho would give him satis faction at any time, but this office was not the place. Ti'hr. in i.aid tnis i> as as good timo as ar.y aud remarked that Evans "had acted the-rascal all tho way through." Evans gave this ttie-lie. Each claims tbat tho I other tired first. Evans's friends claim ! that Tillmun shot directly at Evans's head. Tillman's friends claim that Evans fired at Tillman while his back was partly turned, tho bullet entering the rear part of t he cheek and coming outat the chin. Tillmau's ball entered Evan's arm. The second shots were fired simutaneously, Tlllmon's piercing Evans's left breast, glancing around tho body and lodging under tho shouldor blade, while Evans' ball en tered Tillman's right hand and ranged up the arm. Tho third and last shots woro fired close together, Tillman's bullet on tot ing Evans hat at tho bund. Had not Evans dodged tho slut it would bavo been fatal. Evans's last bui let punctured Tillman's trousers. Evans' brother, N. ?. Evans, was in tho noxt room. Ouo story is to -the olTeot that ho fired twice as ho cano. Tillman stood in front of tho ollico after bo camo out and stated that Evans had tried to shoot him in the back. Evans is said to be in bed, with physicians probing for the ball in his shouldor. rillmun is at his office and going about as usual to-day. There is no politics in it at all. Tho affairs has caused quito a flutter of excitement all over i tho State. i THE FDGMFIF.IjH TRAGRHY. Statement of One of tho Principals as ' - - .to tho Affray. Mr. B. B. Evans, ouo of'tho. young men engaged in tho shooting scrape at EdgCflOtd, was interviewed hy a re porter of tho Augusta Chronicle and gave the following version of tho dilli cutly : When questioned as to his side of the affair, Mr. Evans said that ho dis liked extremely to go in tho public press, but tbat since so many accounts had gone out ho would givo the truo status of tho case. Ho said: "About a your ago (Mr. Tillman gavo to one of my agents two notes for an insurance policy. Ouo payable on March 15th, 1894: tho other on November 15, 1894. These notes, of course, had to be accepted by mo botore the policy on his life, given by my company, (tho Union Mutual Life), could ho issued. " I discounted those two notos for my agent aud paid for the policy my self. At tho maturity of tho notes neither was paid. "I thou placed thorn in tho hands of my attorney, Mr. S. McGowan Sim kins, for colieotion. Mr. Tillman and I not being on tho best of terms, I dis liked to como in contact with him. " When my attornoy served tho pa pers on him ho mado a partiul pay ment on tho notes, loaving u small balance, when J instructed my attor ney to clear up by tho first of tho year. On my return from Now York lust Sat urday ho reported to mo that he had not yet collected this dilloronco. " On Monday afternoon ho mot mo ou tho street and informod mo that Mr. Tillman stated thut bo would not pay him this amount, but wanted to settle with mo in person, and for mo to como to his (Simkins's) ollico. / " I told him that Mr. Tlllmau and r: woro not ou the best of terms and I did not euro to go to his ofllco. as Pi thought the mooting might end in iJ difficulty. Mr. Simkins agreed withy mo and sohl ho thought Mr. Tillmo/ri would insult mo. 1 said that rat' 'or than ho insulted, and to avoid a d .di culty in a gontloman's ollico, f rofusVd to go. S "That afternoon about 5 o'clock \] went to Mr. Simkins's ollico with other' notos to piucv. in fi'0 hands for collec tion. While thoro M'.vSitukins stated that it would be host to have Mr. Tili? man come in, nnd that ho thought ho could avoid any unpleasantness. " Bather than to bo obstinate in the matter, or to appear to bo afraid to meet Mr. Tillman I consented. Aftor waiting somo little timo Mr. Tillman camo In. Mr. Simkins stated to him tho amount and said ho was ready to sottlo this little ditTeronco. "Mr. Tillman mado somo remark as to tho time given him by my agent. 1 replied that my agont-diad no authori ty to oxtond any timo of any not? after It had reached my ofllco, and that this oxtonslon had been glvon solely on my account. A few words pussed in a buslnoss way whon ho roiorrod to our porsonal difforencos. " It sooms that ho was bonton a por sonal difficulty and I told him tbat tho streets of Edgefleld woro wide onough, and that my ofllco was in town whoro be could find mo at any timo ho saw fit. As I had promised Mr. Simkins not to have any diflloulty in his office. I thought that wo could find another place in whioh to sottle our personal ities. 14 He recalled an unpleasant mooting that wo bad and said that I had usod remarks behind hiB baok.' I ropliod that 1 had sald.nothing about him that I would not repeat to his face, I told him that this was strictly a luelnosa meeting, and not a porsonal one. Mr. Simknis also interceded ane triod to get him to lay aside personal differ ences In his office. " Mr. Til!man replied that this was as good a place as any to sottlo this matter, and that I was no gontloman. and bad acted tho d? scduudroi throughout. " I ropllod that any man who said that 1 was ?6-gG?t!owan, und had act ed tho scoundrel was a G?d?n??r: " At ibis moment ho pulled his pis tol. I doing so ut tho samo time, he, howovor,Uring first, the ball entoriug through tho top of my hat. " My shot took otfeot in his ohln. Ho then retreated out of tho office into the hall und my remaining shots wore fired at him outside of tho ofheo. " Only ono of tho bullets hit mo, and that was the last ho fired. This bul let grazed my right arm and cntorod the fleshy part of my shouldor. " it seonia that of ray four shots ono of them bit him in tho ohln, one in his right hand, uuothor grazed tho lnsido ?f bis. legs and tho othor hhj coat. Thoro were ouly oight shots fired in all. Ho fired four and I four. "Tho report has boon circulated that my brother, Mr. N. G. Evans, was in an adjoining room and eamo rush ing out and fired two shots at Mr. 'Pill man . This is without foundation, and utterly untrue, as eau be substantiated by two roliublo gentlemen with whom lio was in conversation on legal busi ness at tho timo. He was uot uware thut I was in tho building uor was I that he. It is truo that ho, with theso gentlemen, eamo out of tho oillce where they wore when they heard tho firing, as is natural for any ono to do. But tho attempt on tho part of somo persons to Create the impression on tho outsiJo world that ho was there to assist me, is preposterous, not to say cowardly. L am perfectly able to talco care of my own haltlos and will ne ver call on any ono for assistance. oapt. TIIjIjM AN'S VIOHSION. Ho Declines to Make a Public State ment, ol'Private and Personal Mat ters. EdOBFIBLD, Jan, Id.?When several newspaper men called on Capt. James H. Tillman at Iiis olllco to-day ho was asked if ho bad any corrections to offer or any statement to mako relative to tho shooting affray between himself add Mr. B. B. Evans, as appeared in newspapers, ho replied: "I trust you Will report what I say, just exactly as I say it. So far as making a statement is concerned, I havo up to this time refused such request and must deolino now. I do not propose to concern tho public with any statement of mino about a purely private and personal matter. There is a more satisfactory method of settling such differences than resorting to tho public press. However, in reference to tho note men tioned in tho newspapers as boing tho cause of the trouble, thoro is this cor rection to bo made. 1 havo nevor obligated myself to Mr. B. B. Evans nor to any of tho Evans name, by giv ing him or any of them my note. " Now, to give tho cause of tho trou ble and an account of the shooting would mako a long and tedious story, and besides, from what I am informed of tho version given by tho Evans bothers, my own statement would havo to differ very, very widely from it. I daro say each of us thought wo were, in tho right, but of course somo ono of us must have boon in tho wrong, hut who it was it would hardly bo pro per for mo to say. Tho people of Edgolleld know all tho facts and what ever account they may glvo, Will, I am sure! bo a correct one*" TUB WOMEN'S COLLEGE. SupoidnteWdent Noal Intends to Coin. illOtO tliyS HllildillK and Have i(. tuttily in September Next. EVorybofly in the State is now vory much interested in the completion of the Winthrop Normal and Industrial ColU ce at) Kock Bill, and aro anxious to poo its' doors thrown open to tho younL* women of tho State by next September. As all know, at tho last so*>stym of tho JjOglslaturo an act was passod providing for tho economical completion of tho buildings. Only a short timo ago tho board decided to have tho work completed by Super? Internment Noal of tho penitentiary with convict labor, and on Monday last tho trustees formally turned over the buildings and all materials on hand to Col. Neal. Tho following dotails of Col. Neal's plans taken from tho Kock Hill LU.rald, will bo read witli interest, ioatos that Col. Noal is starting ,h tho determination to complete tidings on timo. Tho Kock Hill I says: o had somo difficulty in ascor g what tho committee did during tho dfciy and itsooms that it really did QOtlr?ng but go over tho grounds and buil/aiugs on an inspecting tour with Superintendent Noal of tho peniten tiary, who, under tho law, if bo under tjukes to complcto the buildings, is required to assure the Stato Treasuror Unat ho can finish tho work now In bland, i. o., tho main building, the north sido domitory, tho power houso, kitchen and laundry, with the$20,000 (appropriated for that purposo, before any part of the appiopriation will bo available. "From Information in his possession Col. Noal felt that ho could mako such a guarantee to tho Stato Treasuror and so stated to tho eommltteo, whan tho work of completion was turned over to him and ho is now in control. Col. Noal was before tho eommltteo for several hours. " Aftor tho adjournment, of tho com mittee at 11::10 o'clock Monday night wo hurriedly intorviowed Col. Neal as to his plans. Ho Informed us that ho \had appointed Mossrs. W. II. Stewart i'y.nd James Smith totako charge of tbo y.yovk and had given them instructions wfuiJ^o do. Ho also stated that au of fort would "bo TS.ado to resumo work next wook, and propVrVJiory to this ho would send up Saturday front Wjo pon ltentlury 22 convict carpenters, 6r*??* neu on-., and plasterers, somo of whom are excellent workraon. At tho sumo timo he would rcmovo -15 of tho pro sent convict force to Columbia and leave 10 at tho stockudo. Mr. Mon denhall and his forco of guards, will bo continued horo. Tho couvlot forco will bo boarded and tho guards paid out of tho 'ponltentlury sa/iogs. That has not boon done herotoforo. "Col. Neal beliovos howillhoablo to complete tho buildings as dosigned, by September, but in ordor to do this ho will employ a small forco of skilled workmon, at greatly roducod wages, howovor." , ?a joint mooting of roproBGntatlVos. of tho Confederate camps of West Virginia will bo hold at < Miarlcston on IViday, and something (infinite w ill bo done toward devising means tthd plans of erecting a (Jonft dornte home some where in the State. The movement ha Mm:; l?rmet with success, not only from E)tM '<)?.?'. '!e- . hut also from men who fought for tbo Union, and a gr^fat deal of money has been raised by tfttterUtiumonts'.of dllfcroot kinds. T BIRDS TOBE SPARED. Tho Harm They Do Small Compared to the Good They HrliiK About. "No docont person who knows tho value of birds that sing, whether thoir notes bo harsh or swoot-voloed, will evor kill a singlo bird," said a natura list. "Thouuandsof birds that are of inestimable valuo to the farmer, as well as to the town dweller who grows fruit or if oops a"*g?I*den, ur? slaugh tered ruthlessly every year. "Tho farmor, tho gardener, and the fruit grower should know more about tho bluls that nost und sing about their premises, for then thoy would defend and protect thorn, and in time havo them buck in something like their oldtimo nurabors and variety. How ofton nowadays doos ono soo the saucy, rich-voiced, nervous llttlo wren? A few yours ago It was seen nud heard everywhere, but it must bo a favored locality that it visits now. Yet tho little wren was a most ravenous do vourerof tho pestiferous and destruc tive cut-worm of tho gardens, and did great work towurd lessoning tho damage dono by tho post of tbo soil. Tho brightlittloblucbmlclours tho air and tho ground of thousands of coodlin moths and canker worms during a sea son. "Tho crow blackbird has no poaco at the hands of mnu, yot a Hook of thorn in a short timo will cleun a new ly planted field of all its hosts of des struotlvo lurvoe that the plough turns up. Tbo great American crow itself would do too saruo thing if it wasn't for tho inevitable man with tho gun that jiiHt wants tho crow to try It once. Neither tho blackbird nor tho crow cares as much for corn us It doos for grubs, and If farmers would scattor corn about their fields Instead of put ting up scarecrows and tho like, those misunderstood birds would nover pull up u bill of ids planting. Tbo chances aro, anyhow, that If tbo agriculturist will take tho trouble to examine a hill of young corn that ho charges tho orow with pulling up, ho will lind that It was cut oil" by a grub of somo kind, and that tho crow was simply mining for tho grub, not tho corn. "Tt a robin, it cannot be denied, is u soro ti-fil to the man who has fruit troes uif-' bushes, but if ho could only bring hi. \solf to stop and think how many thousands of ravaging insocts that are the especial enemies of his trees and bushes that tho robin dos troys both before the fruit has ripened and for weeks after it is gone lie would not begrudge the bird the few (juarts of cherries or berries that it lovioson as partial satisfaction of tho dobt tho grower owes him. Tho same may bo said of tho other thrushes- for tho robin is a thrush?tho cherry birds, orioles, blue jays and many other birds of that class. The o birds no vor levy tribute on grain 01 eeod, but they do tho farmor untold binolit. "Tho climbing birds are. the differ ent varities of woodpeckers, and they aro constantly befriending growing things. Whenever a woodpecker is heard trapping on a tree it is tho death knell of tho larvw of somo destructive insect. Yet it is not an uncommon thing to8eo tho very person for Whom this bird is industriously at work fol lowing with his gun tho bird's red head from tree to tree until the opportunity 00n.es for him tosend a load of shot into tho unsuspecting feathered philan thropist. It is a pot belief among farmers that the woodpecker kills tho treo it works on, and that ho is work ing for that very purpose. It is a fact that the common little sapsuckor does injure trees, but the woodpecker never does Quite the contrary. Tho white-breasted nuthatch and tho little gray croopor?so generally confounded with tho sapsuckor?livo exclusively OH fcpeo insocts, yet the nuthatch is in bad repute among many farmers, be-' ? ?ause they bolicvo Hkii.ls thoir trees. "Tho meadow lark is anatli'~ bird that has little peace on any bno's land, for there is a mistaken notion abroad that ho is a game bird. He is game in tho quality of being alert and hard to get a shot at, but is no more entitled to bo so classilicd than the dicker, or high holder, is. The meadow lark is a constant feeder on underground larvut, and whenever ho Is disturbed ho is simply driven away from active work in ridding tho ground of tho worst kind of farm pests. The bluojay may bo said to bo indirectly an onemy to tho farmer a? well us u friend, for it has tho bad habit of destroying the eggs of other birds that do only good. "If thoro is ono bird that tho far mor loves to do all in his power to exterminate more than ho docs tho crow, unless It may bo the hawk, that bird is the owl. Ho can't be brought to tho boliof that if it wo.ro not for tho owls and the hawks his Holds would be ovorrun and burrowed by Hold mlco to such an extent that his croys would bo in perpetual danger ; that owls, whllo out mousing, feed on myraids of night-Hying moths and beotlos, thus preventing tho laying of millions upou millions of tho eggs of these insects, and that thoy not only kcop tho Hold mice down, but lessen the number of domestic mice and rats about barns and OUthouSoS to an extent that a small army of tho most vigilant cats, could not surpass. As to tho hawks tho farmor remembers that Oil some occasion one carried oil a chicken for him, and thureforo tho fact that the big soaring bird daily kills many Held mice, grasshoppers, snakes, liz/.ards, beetles and otbor vermin cannot bo sot up In its defence. The proportion of hawks or owls that kill chickens is small, compared with those who keep down tho deadly cuemles of the far mers' crop. A Story of Lincoln .?Tho First Corps, commanded by Uon. Reynolds, was reviewed by tho President on a bountiful plain at tho mouth of the Potomac crook, about eight miles from Hooker's hoadquartors. Wo rodo hither In an ambulance ovor u rough corduroy road, and, as wo passed ovor some of tho moro dilllcult portions of tho jolting way, tho ambulance driver, who sat woll in front, occasionally lot ffj' a volley of suppressed oaths at his wild t?u*an.of Six mules. Finally, Mr. Lincoln, lomV.lng forward, touched tho man on tho shofiklor and saiu : "Kxcuso mo, iny.frlond, are you un Episcopalian V" Tho man, greatly Btarvlea, looked round and ropllod : "No, Mr. Presidout; I am a Metho dist." "Well," said Lincoln, "I thought you must bo an Episcopalian, bocauso i'ou dweur just like Gov. 80ward, who s a church warden." Tho driver swore no more. ?Tho South is responding liberally to tho loud calls for aid from tho Nobraska sufferers, and sending largo quantities of provisions to theso un fortunate people. This year tho South ban less money probably than in any other in rccont years, but she has raised from dlro necessity a good supply of hog and hominy, and food, and provisions, and rejoins, thutsho is able to respond to tho demands of a people that for many years wo bought our food from. \ \ '. ? FERTILIZERS AND OOTTON. IHK PR.ICK OF ONE KEEPS PACE WITH THE OTHER. Fertilisers aro Necessary to rho Sue itv. of the Farmer?They Pay as Well Now as Foriuerly. An intelligent farmer, who la not disposed to believe everything tliar. h hoars and docs not take anythingjvr granted, talkod to a Reporter for TT Nt?ws aud Courior tho other duy in a very outortaluiug way about the farm ers a;>d fertilizers. His views woro so interes'ting aud some of his couclusious so surprising that what ho said is given as follows K " Tho drtfP lo tho prlco of cotton from seven to five oouts," ho said, "may well cause consternation to tho plantors. Some ten years ago it fell from twelve to eight cents, and thou, as now, planters w^i'o advised to plant loss cotton, to ral*c more corn and meat aud, before tti''else, to quit using fertilizers, but thil advlco was uu hoodod aud, for realms satisfactory to himself, tho plante.' continued to plant ?11 tho cotton ho could, to buy his corn and meat and to vso fertilizers. " With tho drop in thy price of cot ton from seven to flvo coilts the same advice to plant loss cotton, t&&3* IQ?tO food and uso no fertilizers is offered tho plantors. Hut tho situation undor which we faco Hvo-cont, possibly four cont, cotton is entirely unliKe any before known byitho plautor As for planting less cotton and thereby on hanolng tho price : High priced cot ton has its disadvantages. It has in duced tho most strenuous efforts to produce cotton in other countries, and these efforts have been vory success ful aud aro recognized as a menace to our boasted supremacy is cotton pro duction. As foreign grown whout has forced d>wn tho world's prlco, so it is that foreign grown cotton ulono has forced down the price in this country. This foreign com petition has come to stay, aud wo must moot It by improved methods and increased economies, 6o that possibly wo can grow ovon four cout cotton at a profit, and thus recover our former supremacy In tho markots of tho world. Witli live-cent cotton tho cotton bolt has all tho natural factors for manufacturing low grade cotton goods for a largo portion of tho world. The advice so porsistcutly given for years that wo raise more of our own food is now being so well fol lowed that this season a good portion of tho planters commence tho year with enough corn and meat of their own raising for the year's supply. " As to tho advice that less or no fertilizers bo used, there is more to be suid than upon either of tho other points referred to above That tho South will continue to plant cotton in much tho same proportion as hereto fore there aro good reasons to beliovc. It is now largely growing its own food, aud is so thoroughly satisfied with the result that it will continue lo grow its corn and meat in increased proportions each year. When cotton sold at 15 cents a pound, on much of tho land it could not bo grown at a prollt without the uso. of fertilizer. About 1870 fer tilizers woro introduced aud their use increased from year to your from that time until last year some 800,000 to 000,000 tons woro used under cotton. "When cotton sold for 15 cents a pound fertilizers sold for $75 a ton. Fertilizers that timo furnished less than one-half tho porcontage of plant food that they furnish now. At first ouly Hfty pounds per acre was used. It was found advantageous to increaso this quantity, until now tho average used per aero is 1200 pounds. To pay for this 200 pounds with cotton at 15 cents a pound and fertilizer at $75 per ton took 50 pounds of cotton, or $7.50; with cotton at 10 conts and fertilizer! at $40 a ton it still takes 50 pounds of cotton to pay for the 200 pounds of fjpr r.lor for one aero. Cotton at (i cents a pound and fertilizers at $30 a ton, 50 pounds of cotton pays for 200 pounds of fertilizers ; with cotton at 1 cents a pound and fertilizer at $20 a ton, 50 pounds of cotton still pays for 200 pounds of fertilizer. Tho planter has always paid the proceeds of 50 pounds of cotton for tho fertilizer for an acre. This ho did, aud found a satisfactory profit in it, when fertilizer sold for $75 per ton. Through all tho stago8 of the doclino in price of cotton from 15 cents to 1 cents per pound tho cost of fertili zer has kept an oven paco with it, so that for tho past twenty years the fer tilizer for an aero in cotton could be paid for with the proceods of 50 pounds of cotton. Remarkable as this state ment may appear it is nevertheless ab solutely true. To this statement may bo added tho fact that for his50 pounds of cotton tho planter now receives twice as much plant food as ho received for it twenty-four years ago." "Thoro has been no time in tho his tory of cotton growing whon fertilizer could bo usod at a hotter percentage of profit to tho planter than now. Upon tho ordinary impoverished soil 100 pounds of cotton is a fail average yield. This means starvation to tho planter, honco for years the planter has felt it a prime necessity to pay for his supply of fertilizer, as without that bo could not farm. With 200 pounds of fertili zer per acre 250 pounds of lint is a fair average pA3p< This shows a net gain Of 100 pupjdg of lint per aero from for tilizor lasting 60 pounds of cotton or 200 per cent. Without fertilizer tho planter will make nothing over cost of cultivation, or would show a positive loss. Using fertilizer it returns its cost in cotton, also a profit of doilblo its cost. Of course tho price at whioh tho cotton is sold makes a great differ ence to tho planter, but bis percentage of prollt remains tho same. If cotton is at 4 cents a pound, but $1 profit por aero is mado by the uso of fertilizer, but this is a not profit, Enough cot ton having boon raised to pay for the fertllzor loaves the prlco of tho 101) pounds as a clear profit from the use of a fertilizer, which is 200 por cent, on its cost. "There aro dominating advantages in favor of tho planter In the present situation that should be considered. They need pay out nothing for corn and moat; ail gocerios, clothing, tools, etc., cost not moro than One half of what they cost a fow years ago, many of thorn less than ono-half. Un til vory recently food and all other supplies woro bought on a year's credit at vorj largo profits to tho merchant. With so much of tho cost of living as is represented by tho cost of corn and ?neat, and tho amount represented by d'tVoV*a*od prices of all Other family 'supplies tno plnnter should huvo at the end of th<? l? amount of cosh in hand that>?" ???Wo him to buy a portion at least of ????? ?toro goods for cash-he thereby ?mprovos his credit with tho morchant, *'?o will soli hW any goods ho finds It ?-oossary to bij ou credit at a much lower price u.\ ho ohargod him whon tho whole yearix supplies woro bought on credit. "Through the improved quality of fortlizer tho planter now gets double tho amount of plant food for tho por contage of his orop that ho got twonty years ago. Ho can now buy tho fer tilizer for an aero for tho sumo pro portion of the cvop as he has over boon ablo to buy it, Is honco gotting plant food at half tho cost ho got it twenty years ago. He now buys his store goods at one half the price ho paid a low yoars ago. He now need pay out nothing for corn and moat for his family or his hands, consequently will pay out less for wages than ever bofore. Ho that at the ond of the year a larger percentage than ovor boforo of tho j proceeds of his crop will bo loft as cash in band. A curoful study of tho situation loads to the opinion that the j planter Is a . woll, oven hotter ublo, to 1 buy fertilisers than ovor bofore, pro vided, of courso, that he raisos his corn und moat. Also, that if present low prices hold tho competition of foreign cotton growers may dcorouso and dis appear. Whilo tho planter may not formulate, the above facts in the samo way they presontod bore, ho is con versant with most of them and is laying out his business for tho your, and will plant us much cotton as he can, and use fertiliser upon It,after having ar ranged to raise his year's supply of meat, corn und syrup." CENERAIj NEWS SUMMARY. IjAtest Items and Curious Notes from Our Exchanges. ?Tho jail iu Amito County, Mis sissippi has not had an occupant for more than a "n.^ v,:h. ? . ?A dispatch from ShangXra'. V?, The. Central News says the doparturo of tho Chinese peace envoys for Japan has boon further delayed owing to tho necessity of their awaiting orders from i'okin. ?Arbitrators have awarded tho Veuablo Bros., owners of tho old Stato Capitol Building, $SI ,f>t)0 as tho actual damage sustained by the recent Uro in Atlanta. Twenty insurance companies share the loss. ?From the movcimmts of cortuin of Tuy lav's bondsmen, who are now In Chicago, there is good reason to bollovo tho defaulting treasurer of South Dakota is either in (.fchicago or iu Its immediate vicinity. I ?The Galsdeu, Alia., Times-News comes out this week wVilli full particu lars of the Dwight Manufacturing Co.'s cotton mill to bo erclcted thoro. It will bo a 50,000 spindllo mill, and \* estimated to cost $t>00,o]oo. ?Tho oontroversey I tr ibe election of Prof, prcsideut of tho itlci culminated in the DUI'J stitution in effigy by students. The iucidcr considerable attention. ?A bill has boon ini .....v.--. ... Missouri Legislature raking tiro in suranco companies lia'.le to the pro visions of the nnti-pool ,aw. This act prohibits any pooling o' rates undor a penalty of not less than$1,000 for efotl olTenco. ?The directors of ,\o Calveston Cotton Exchange heartily and most urgently recommend to the planters of Texas anil the cotton growing States a reduction of 25 per cc it. in ncreago to bo planted this year ah the ouly way of restoring prices to a compensating basis. ?Bishop Watterson, of Ohio, has published the Papal decree forbidding Catholics to join tho Odd Follows, Knights of Pythias or Sous of Tem perance, and admonished all Catholics that though these three ,8ocioties are specially barred others of like nature are to bo avoided. ?A dispatch to tho Treasury De partment from tho Colli -tor at For* nandlna, Fla., reports v io discovery thoro of 170 stand of arms] and a largo number of rovolvors and side arms concealed in Bordcn's wsLrohouse. It is supposed that tho arms wore intend ed for tho Baracoa. ?Prof. Charles A. Bri; *gs declares that no religious organization in his tory has enjoyed such &' xparvellous growth as tftfl 3*>vat-ion Army iiTtf0, short a time. Tlio Army publishes Sb'| War Crys, printed in 14 dlfforoOt languages, whoso united circulation is 15,000.000 copies a year. ?The Senate has adopted tho Ilouso joint resolution authorizing foreign exhibitors at the Cotton States and International exposition to bo bold in Atlanta in 18!).r>, to bring to this coun try foreign laborers from their ro speotivo countries for tho purpose of preparing for and making their ex hibits. FARM NOTES. . Valuable Hints on a Variety of Inter esting Topics. The extremely low price of cotton docs not keep cotton-growers, who raise their' own meat and bread, from still taking a somewhat hopeful look of future prospects. In order to got ahead in farming, one must have a head, and a tolerably long onoattiiat. "in fact, the farmer of to-day must be a sort of hustling snbsoilor iu gutting utthe bottom facts of the business. Wheat will henceforth be a rival of corn for bog feed, even when hotter prices rule. Especially when ground up with oats and corn is it unrivaled for good meat and fattening qualities. It Should always bo well soaked to bo woll assimilated. The farmers of ChatOOga County, Ca., have a much larger acreage of wheat now growing than formerly. Evidently, there is a determination to grow all that is consumed. To follow this course will lead to prosperity iu a vcrv few years. ?folk, the leading seaport city of Vlvginia, has one of tho largest horse markets Iu the South. The supply oo/iics mainly from Kentucky and the Suites in the West and Northwest. Lleyors como from tho principal AtJ 1:0 tic coast lino cities. ft'ho oggs from bens will hatch bot tof than those from pullets, and chicks Iroiii hens will be stronger anil more vigorous. Ohl hens will also lay as wed as pullets, if properly managed, and they will usually begin to lay di rectly after moulting. Food and car? will show its effoot, no matter what the breed may bo. Carroll County, Coorgia, la reported to hsvo a larger number of hogs than for j many yoars. It is said that a cou|> o Of well-grown March pigs will brim'more money in that locality than a h?:o of 5-0ent cotton, By raising dim ', supplies at home, and making cottim the surplus crop, prosperity will bo assured. wussla has produced this year, ac cc/ding. to tho estimate of tho minister of/agriculture, 272,000,000 bushols of istioat, as compurod with .'1.1(1,000,000 list your. Hor ryo crop is 7112,000,000 liishols, us agaiust 752,000,000 a your duo. Tho bar toy yiold is 17(1,000,000, And that of oats 072,000.000. Thoro is 1 no famine in tho czar's empire this year. Potuta niisors of tho East receive an ttverago price this year of 55.5 conts por bushol at tho farm. To equal ?Uto valuo of thd product of an acre of <j$Jtton, it would roquiro a orop of ab?'?' - m,"v > Mre; and ^ual an ucr of 13 bu bushels v cotton or plant nu STATE NEWS IN BRIEF. Interesting Note? from Various Sour oes. ?Rook Hill is to hare a ??,( tobacco factory. ?Edge field la getting up ?oftr'~ of corn for tho Nobraska sufferers. ?The Senate has continued t*. nomination of Hobt. S. Link to be post master at Abbeville, S. O. ?Ex Judgo C. P. Townaond has been appointed assistant attorney genoral by Attorney Genoral Barber. ?Tho pooplo of Chapln, in Lexing ton county, have raised money and are going to build a tobacco faotory. ?Governor Evans vetoed the bill doing away with the annual publica tion of the County Treasurer's reports of disbursotnonts. ?Tho Groonwood pooplo are work ing to doublo tho capacity of their cot* ton mills. All tho stook with the ar ' ceptiou of about $5,000 Is owne** people in tho immediate vlolnit- . ?Judgo Simon ton, in t*f UnlY^ States Court, has ja?vne^ * decree for tho Bale of the Ashovl'.l? Z.7?ar? burg Railroad,. The Balo will take placo at Sparenburg on Feb. 16th. ?According to a recent Act of the Eogishituro coronors, and trial justices actinjef a8 coronors, must . thr Wrjtf^a approval two piUa. i/iiO iku;, .. ..vm noun where a uead body is found bofore they can hold an inqust ovor it. ?Frank Hampton, nophow of General Wado Hampton, and MIbs Gertrude Gonzales, daughter of the lato General A. J. Gonzalos of tho Confederate Army, woro marriod in Trinity Episco pal Churoh, Columbia, Wednesday morning. Bishop Capers perfonnod tho coromony, which was witnessed only by a few friends and relatives. - -A special commit^po appointed by tho Young Mon's Buslnees Loagu<* ?I Charleston bus issuod an addres tho peoplo of South Carolina, oa upon thorn to contribute to tho r of tho Nobraska sufferers. It is posod to colloot as many oar lot provisions as poBsiblo and then fo the- ' ' '"mine strioken dii " l Bat? Btalmont of tho raacaim>?j. ?Tho recent annual report of the U. S. intorstato Commerce Commission contains a comparison of tho railroad miloagos, etc, of tho various States of tho Union and territories of the, United Statos. South Caroliua ra?ka twenty-sixth out of tho fifty States and torritorleB In tho table showing tho total numbor of mlloB of railroads in tho Unltod Statos. In other words ? she has 1.40 por cont. of the total Amorican mileage. To Measure an Aoro of IiAnd. Fow farmers know tho slzo of their fields or how many aoros they contain. It is dosirablo?In fact, indispensable I ?for good work that a farmer b?9ir~* this, othorwlso ho oannot apportion seed or manure for it; nor oau he tell bow much tlmo it should tako to plow, harrow or cultlvato it. A good cotton cord, tho Bfzo of a plow lino, should be kept for this purpose. To make one, buy 67 foot of ootton ropo, one inoh round: fasten a ring at tho ends, and mako theRO rings precisely -60 feet a part. This is four roda. Tie a piece of red rag in tho centre. One aore of ground will bo a piece four of those cords long, and two and one-half wide equal to 1 ?> to 1<> rods, making 160 rods ! to an aero. . ,Tho advantage of tho rings Is that ono person can moasin ing a stake in tho gro ropo while bo stretch ropo should bo soaked dried. This will pro ing. Last yoar a noighb had a heavy sod plowt $12.50 per aero. Thr ped it off. Ono said i another mado it a litt tho third said it was acres. Ho had paid t* cut off it for threo yon or $5 each soason, cc five acres iu extent, t through ignoranco. Got a measuring lit in use, put it away, na?-' - cannot got at it, or ^y will bo . apt to cut a pieoe o it to tio up har ness ; thus making/ it worthless for measuring purposes. Rook Hill's Good Roads.?The bad woathor and consequent com plaints of mud have directed attention to tho work that has beon dono by Kock Ulli in the line of socuring good roads. About two yoars sinco It was decided to build highways going from tho town in all directions. Private subscriptions were secured from town and from tho country adjacont along tho lino of tho proposed routes. Tho county authorities agrood to furnish a rock crushor and a steam ongino and to pay ono hundred dollars. T> Hill gavo one-foi "*h tho cost ?w* tho roads up to t Tho roads wei a civil onginooi|>. foot wido was Iraiseu rounding soil lily large p^ was packed haled by the use rollers. A traclk ton foot mdo'vr0 contro was tho/i macadamlzou, ton foot wide (being left on on ?H for uso in the! summer. Tho 1 the macadamlizod portion is fret to oight indicia deep. Tho whole re is woll drained] by side, ditchos, and in tho worst ofi weather is hard and affords ovoryf facility for travoling. Two roads extending ono threo, tho other throo u nd ono-half :i.ilos boyond tho city Urn its, havo beon complotod. Subscription^ woro mado for an amount sufiicienttocomplotoasmuoh moro, but moro pressi ng matters havo Stopped the work f,or a short timo. ThostT roads havo mado plain tho groat val of money rtad work oxpondod in tbio way. The* havo proved almost likr arms roaolijlng out from town to coun try with jtnutual benefit.?Cor. Now and Courkfr'. ?Tho postotfice dopartrnont wil a short ?imo, Issuo ciroulam tv express companies, warning against <?.nrryiug inattor in envo Without Stamps. It Is Urstolass mat and according to law should .not transported unloss enclosed \c atampod cnvolopo. This action lio takou to prevent tho express c panics f rom carrying lottery advf ments. >. --Jnitho United StaWs ' O IOi/soaIIIo, Tonn., Rev. William ft m oiufst preaohor, was ttpnvic lining. Ho is noa ? . >f ago and ?was for h ?loo of tno pcaco