Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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EMPSON MILUS. ?Htcr Hipp Lo YOL. ?. LAI KENS C. LIM S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 1886. big job of Clothing _Baltimore Fir?. Uli? (KIM I NAL LAW. SUMIO TIMRL.Y si'iiCKSl IONS I TON AN' INTI.? KS! IN? SI M,? BOT. KMCIM ami Opinions Willoh Coin ut on ?I '1 IM nr., Kr. lc? St rlllUM <'<> ll Hill <-rut I - > I W??rU of the Legislature. (Kcowoo Courier- Kal Hurlai.) We lnwo read with some interest, but witli more surprito, tbo view? of sumo of our le uling lawyers on tho defect? pf tbc criminal law, and tbo escapo of guilty criminals thereby, as thc cause for Ibo frequency and gravity of crimes. They propose changes in a systt ni which hu* mut thc approval of an enlightened cen tury and advocate tl rna as a remedy against lynch law and the alleged preva lence of crime. Wc canuot hope, in u single article, to point out all 11 ir- falla oles in 'ho studied artioles oi these dis? tingub d writers, but will briefly al bulo to tho salient points of error, which, in our view, they contain. liefere entering on the subject, we >v:l! state that our view? of the criminal law have always been tho rever.se ol' tboB - ex pressed in thu articles named, ami when in the Legislature we suggested a eh AD go in the law, which would givotho defend mu io criminal prosecutions the rcpl^ in ftrgumont iu all eiises. Wu thought th. ii, and still believe, persons charged with crime are put on trial at a gn at disad vantage. It is true, that in theory ?vi ry mau is presumed to bo innocent until bo is proved guilty, but in practice, tho cor pus dolioti being established, ev? ry per son charged with crime is supposed to be guilt;,. This results from our nature. All honest men have :i natural antipathy to crime, an atleeting injuriously, either directly or indirectly, the security ol their person;), propurty and reputation, and from this fact the mere charge of a crime against an individual lends th? "iiblic mimi iu the channel of guilt. Asl consequence every individual ohar,*sd ..ltb crime must meit and defeat this oatural inclination, cilia r by proof ol past good oharootor or direct prout of innocence. This pettit tor ifecdjs no illus tration of its truth, ?or when w? reao 01 hear Of any cruel or heinous crime, ult ? ing lifo or property, or even tho repute* tion of a female, and u puny ia ?ur- fited for it, we bear thc cry, huns; him, be ought, tb be strung up without !a?v or gospcL Nota few instances I tuve oc curred where thin fi cling hus culminated in thc summary execution of the alleged criminal without inquiry ns to, or piool of, guilt. This characteristic of. oui nat ni r. doubtless tho father of tiie right ol a do fondant in capital casca to cb alli ugo j r emptorily twenty juror?. Ile hus, mid should have, the right of tlittl by a j try composed of calm, unwnp.usMoned men', free from any bini; or prejudice against liim or his connu 1 or thc mime it* lf,for there is au innate pri ju lice against Cl inic whioh it is d llioult tor auy of us lo ub btraet from tho person ohurgod willi the crimo. This rigid of challenge ia u< it i r designed nor do? B it operate aa ai: select a jury, und wo do not t ink it should bo abridged, hoing iu itself \?ise and having Btood 'ho test ol a ct ?.tiny. Again, in theory tho Slate hus onL tho right of reply, but iu pract ice this cu ant tho right to sit with Cloted moutb i ?ail thc defence bas opened ..ut its whole case, and tie n in one argument both to j reply to defendant and pile np tho pointe : for the State. We l ave heard cases whore a praotici il solicitor by a pointed j anecdote or appropriate [ arable hus vii - tuully dissipated tho argument for tho defence, and then, with ir.ick cleared, ; has applied facts and oircuuibtauc . pointing to guilt, which by a reply could have been scattered in tum. Tho judge uot being allowed, and properly, loo, to ! cburgo on the facto, tho handling o? them by au experienced Bolioitor goes fresh to I the jury. In this, tho defendant is uta disadvantage, as no lawyer is ignorant ol ! tho advnnUtge of tho reply, which in criminal cases, in practice, ia both thc argument for thc State ami tho reply to thu deft ? mir 111. Again, defendants iu criminal casca are generally poor men, ol| -.n ignorant also, mid neither know nor uro poonina* rily abb; to employ oflloieht oonnei I. In capital caaes young counsel are generally i .q.pointed to defend tin in, who have ] muds no preparation and liuvono < tpec tat!? n of reward. The State, on thee ou tran , is ruth and powerful, lt not only i ualuries :?nd employs eminent counsel, bul awyors, who often have bad years of ? xpononce in thu prosecution of crim inals. They have thc criminal law itt their tonga's und und are m dollly ready in argument, but Wop posted ou ail duos' tious of doubtful testimony. In lids, too, defendants arc at great dinah n t age. Again, in theory thu butte ask: th< conviction of no innocent man, but in practice, from tho very nature of tue le gol profession nud from the foot that in till cases sent up for trial, thu St tte bas n prima facie case, solicitors, UH a nile, though not intending it, prosecute for conviction and present in tho strongest light every fad pointing to pr bearing on . ilt. Trae, m olden tunes the d?tend it in criminal eases was allowed in ouuscl, lint then thc Queen'B coi. .resented all the facts, pro and cou., um) icft tho case to the jnry. Now then art two sides m every case, criminal SK well us civil, und tho conteM hi for a totdlol of guilty on ono side sud not guilty on tho other, each attorney arraying th? facts of bis side to the bei i oj lu.-, ability . This is the practice, mal in UlO ?tri ligtl Of thoStato and tim ft;enCwco ol it; counsel, tho d?tendant ia aj ri di ad vant age. Again, the law ssya it s better thut many guilty shdrnd (?sape, thun that oin innocent man should suffer. TMosci < bli nunt writers contend, und perhaps truly, too, that many guilty do t roupe und ns crib? it to defects in thc law, but tin r? I DJ statement of innocent parlies suire;; ing and no positive word of caution 1 jurien against coiKieiioi.. WV read bi week'ap account ol' a co!.o?d min -H U ?ictedln.Teiiiaftita if grand iarocf.v On pbbliAlnnr thu mis* ), arose and aolaianly Alleging his ir.ic Ml^ik^/^W* 'ht 'r 'ib.''' ^^'S-.T'^l 1 country records natue vous iu^bintciv o porsons convictod aud executed, in .som? casos Imprisoned for year?, win n theil innocence was established. lu such OMOS cnuvictioi s are generally based on circumstantial evidence, and tho experi ence of that euiiuent elimina! judge, Loni l?ale; lcd bibi tb specially waru juries against convictions rm purely eu* cumstatitial ovidcnc?. Tho s uno mle applies with equ d turco ?ll all oases, foi tho linen of distinction botweou misad venture, Bolf-dofonoe, manslaughter and murder, so shade into otloh other as to render it very dillioult \u locrtto the grade of ci imo. In c i.-:cs resting ou cir cumstantial evidence, the corpus doiioti hoing proved, tho question is, who did tho killing and ut.der wl?Ol e.rcum IstancesV lu ordinary homiuidc, tho ? slayer bein;,' koo,vu, the question is, was ' there just cause for tho act or suftioiont provocation to rodnco tho killing below murder and how far. llero lies the di iib cully. Tho jury, beiug unable to read i tho heart or interpn t the motives ol the slayer, lind lt hard to lix the grade of the crime and hence their vordiot. We arc I not surprised that few perseus are found guilty of murder, for it is bettor to err on tiie sido of mercy than strict justice. Rather are wo surprised that any man should havo. within him the elements ol murder and hence that any are guilty, though many are. Murder is u Killiu^ with malice ami presupposes a heart dc void of social duty and ,fatally beor, on mischief, a heart desperately wicked and utterly regardless of bun,mi lifo. It is hard to conceive of a man so abandoned as to commit it, but such men do liv? and when they kill with malice they should sutler tho penally, but they should have id tho rights of defence consistant witJj tho preservation of society. Now wesaj tlmsn nght-!, as they exist, should not bc ab lid ged, and iu sacing this wo have n< sympathy with crime or oriniinals, bul for the reason that persons charged v?ul orimo are not necessarily crimiuals, am because, in our judgment, the Stitt professing protection to ber citizens, from our nature and practico in trials lu ? great advantages over defendant! charged with orin e. AM citizens ar? personally interest? il in tho proveutioi and suppression <d crime, but baviiij, 'this natur I fooling we should guan against hulking the law au in t^innont o: vongeanoo against orimo without rogart to tile ci imiunl, ral her striving Lo euforoi thc law with justice tempered with tho* merciful prov.- ons, tho law in its termi itt? rupts to >iir w mound, not criminal? but persons oharged with erimei Lot m. now cs inline the assumed fact on whicli tho arl ides of Judge liudsoi and othe.s ure i ased, keeping in Bum t ho maxi mp, bud tho crow, bad tho egg like product a bk?, a false premiss uece? H.irib iohds to a 'falso oonolusio?, Titos writers assn mu as a bud that grav . .neu s, ? . i.ee.uvlly mu'dora, aro groi.m, of more fr? qucbi ? courro?oo~in onrS'. d? I-, tins true/ A i to our county, wo doo. Ks truth and for verillcatlou appeal t tradition lind tho records of otir courts As t.? tho State, rill thing tl considered, W abo ?leny i!^truth. Upon such a charge by ii lonfomporar lo? than two yuatsu?o, no examined ou s'-stol.s docket aud foiuul len thu twenty (wc tbluk sixteen ov BCvoiitcet oases of lur.al.'i cnb red, including Qas< not air. - lcd and tried, and Oovcrihg til period sinoo tho war. Several bl thtt ? as, s w?n homioldo by misadventure i purolj tuchuioul mansbuightor, and ?* the others tried w. rc cases oi eell deft ni or lUaUfeidUghtt IroUl sud.leu heat an passim, except one based, on off cumstat ted evidence, fu lill the.-e cuses only Of verdict ?d' murder was lound nod ll pui ty was ? x ccu leif. Let us look al these lucia in tue ligl cf tho past twenty years and pompai thurn with facta qf twenty years polo] the war. In I80? ibo ncople'had T.H \-?t from a long war and found their hons often pilfered and dostroy d, their st >< gone, their farms a wast*', their slav omancipaUd, themselves a oouqnar? people, pour, reckless and <h moraby, aud by lu pu nt oontact with blood tr death' habitually proue to un.l'i.a human lifo. For such n pcopln is not :i slim rcoord ?d' homicides iu tho conn au honor and tho highest encomium < tiie law-abiding oliavaoter ol our peopl Hut this ia not ell. During the twoti years over 4,000 slavcb in tho cunt, were raised to full citizenship, a po: itu thoy tvero totally untitled to lill frc I want Of cdne?tj?n, t raining and ibtegri I of character, tn ti.i s new-lb dg? i I?IUT they naturally became arrogant to ta. j former rasatorsi did n< t regard the law I mouin am! timm and in the changed re , tion of whites nod blacks numerous le red ?ci. and homicide, would natu, a be e xpected. How slim toe recoid a how complimentary to tho peaccal character of tho whites, when it shu but three nogroei killed by whiten in years in a popolatioo of uearly 20,1 people. But this 13 not all, l)uring t Jil years tho nogroj invested with li frage, sought ami obtainod politi is?wci, abused it, Oppressed tho peo| with taxation, wri cked the ondit of 1 I itali, government by thu issue and ? I of Slate burnie, and with his Kudical lies inaugurated a systc.u ol' public ] luge w! ?oh maddened tho white ? lom ami added demoralization to demorali tion. In tho face of these abnori times tho country might exjatot a bc tomb ol homicide? each year, and yet spi.nl of law and order prevailed ti *on?lcrful extent, giving usu hotter cord than that lor a bk?'period in non times. Hut this ju nut all. Luring JO years tho Air i due H.ulroud has h surveyed, gr.ul d and built uud u g deal of work bas b'cn done ou tho 1 ltidgo Hoad, drawing together y,conu laborers of all disses aud colors tending to affrays and homicides. I I towns have also sprung np and our i i illation hiuthtrgi'ti iucrjeastd. < luke Combine aU'tbjsJ feudi ucl s to bu; ings aud pe n ?' breaking and the ori j committed in this eonnt^n?o tho , are fcW?r V>nn t ie nirwst Itt'.V abiding t .'? >. ' h.ivr ' unlfifi^'l Li fact, Sossions journal '.'T;oKeiis,i AC have nocc'Bs b) it i wo arc satisliul, will sin larget number of gravo crimes l mur included; f ir 20 j?lars Indore the than in the bast ?U yeats. ! bis W?I lound true, Wo think, ni Uithstaii; tho inorc.i.e o. population hy 'mm; tum ab-1 the ofti/.ensbin of th* nf whoso vfol?tiotis of la? twVi/e riot loogni/abl. I., the c Ult pl s??rMons. . j remember when font whftO men I ] lyiftfl at thu natue ounit before-di? r fur 1111 i n ^yjflW y^^liffta^g# lj|#Vlvo bdioffrs Wire In Jfttl Irora Tn ' I Hilf lor mtudcr. In fact we can c , --=-~ ?| Irom memory moro homicides by whites ' before tho war than have oceurn u in the lust 'JO yt irs, und our memory will not oxtoiul baek ?0 years prior to tho war. This, too, when Our population in 1815 was little over half wi mt if. is now. Why, then, you ask, is there ? general impression that.homicides are far more frequent and increasing constantly than j they formerly were? Simply because tho ! assertion is so commonly and confidently I made that it. has been accepted as a fact i wi'.hout investiga'icm. Au old philoso pher waa once puz/lod with the question, why water in u tub witli. a fish in it would weigh tho same as it did without : tho tjsJi. VYajs tho fact true'.' ile found I on investigation il was not. St), we co? tent!, thofco writers OH the criminal lau Will tt?d on investigation, certainly in our county, that the pillar of their arti cles is false in fact and hence leads to u luise couclusiou. Anotli?r reuson why men conclude that i homicide is on the increase is the ease, ra pidity and completeness' of tho collection , of nows through tho operations of the tolo i graph, the railroads, the press aud tim I moro completo system of mails. There i is not au accident or homicide or other j grave crime committed in tho State or j tho I nited Stbtca but is Hashed over the , wires to thc remotest part of tho nation. ! Ina population ot sixty millions of peo . plo this array of crime in ull its horrors i preseuts u formidable and fearful record, and editors, seeing this commingled ro oord <laiiy, conclude on general princi ples that neither Ufo nor property will long be secure, unless the homicidal ten dency eif the age is cheeked, In this way, without investigation and without regard to the urea and population cover ed by the daily report of crimes iu all parts of tho country, the impression gets out and tho cry is raised : "Crime abounds und is increasing at a fearful rate.'' Thu samo mistaken idea, proceeding from a j like cause, exists in othor h tatters, in tho suiuiiier we hear men say moro per seus aro killed by lightuing uow than formerly. This is true and yet false. True, in tl at moro people aro now killed than formerly, because population bas in oreascd, but false, in that no great' r per eon tuyo is killed, lue same is largely true of bros, railroad accidents aud such like, thc didcrcuoe now, if any, lu iug .td? dinted to negligence. Thb is au ago of travel and nows, an age when, figura tively ipeakins, what is sj?ohen in tho ear is proclaimed from the housetop. \Y< say. th.m that, so far us our county is con ocr ned; crone i? not. on thc incrc.ve, ami so far as the State is concerned, ail thing; !. ?cg considered, we do not lie lies, d i M th-.: mt .ease. Ju fuel ?lithe last torn of court at Hielo, ns He re was not a good hurd day's work on thc crim inal docked and tli? ciurt of sessions adj itiru . 1 early Tuosduy. ti ruroh ii dds at Wu! hal IA above a day ami a bau*, and :.' thc summer term tho pelit jury is often discharged betoro tho granel jury eau completo its loport, Un i xarniuali in it v>ill be found also tba*, the billi ol crime, small lind pravo, is committed bi I negroes und that even botlntafuj th j.. ,vfe nave, irlativedy ip akin-?, few cninos, Charges such as are piada tn the actiolet rob..id to operate iajurloVlbly on th? obi/-TIS of the SI de, tending tn imped? immigration, lower tin: val he o! prbpeitj and prcvout tho investment ami milos of capital, ami if not founded on sole: facts, should be rofutcd, i \\ u baye beretpiero bri; Uy alluded u I thc light ol e'.'.-iilc.ige ol jurors iu erna' inul casos, ami expressed our onpusj tlon to any chango iu the law givint .ThdgcS the right tb charge on thc facts We iltiuk intelligent jurors, who poe ont j often kposf personally the defend 10? abd .. itm- ies in SUCH C0.SOS, can la. understand and weigh tho value ? b s imony and should bo permitted t< foi :.. their judgmont on tho facts brough i i without "aid or influence by th .judge" liic latter i? generally an entiri ; stranger to tho parties ami could no I form an correct an opinion ou facts a ' citizens of the county, (iu now lian ai tho power he should have. tye ?ball now consider one other id ! leged defect which, wo think, has n ; foundation in fact, viz: Unit juries, b, . reason of bias from pm so md friondshi towards tho defendant, or against tb I I ito from being stood asido by tho Se ! licitor, too oft. o fad to convict when tb j roof warrants a verdict of guilty. 1 other words, that under tho prosout law giving defendant a s r esiled right to st h ot tho jury and shutting oil tue right. < the judge, "to aid the jury and mlh euco tho result," conviction ai thc guilt is the exception and escape the rule, n veroing the old mle. Wo have already shown that mon hov au innate untipathy to crime aud th; tho mero charge of crime brings odiu on tho party charged ami li ntis to p opinion of guilt, which defendant mu ri move. ,The State, by its ablcjtud exp ricucod soljoitor, having tho closing n gument, why should thu judge have < dcsini the right to argno tho foots thc jury or "to aid tho jury or influen the result," or, as the writer nays, bring them back lo right reason wh their minds have been led astray I astute argument? This looks a lib : bloody, aUttlo vindictive, perhaps a lin Jeffrey didi, and such pow? r in the ind is not necessary, either for the poi? order or p ri diction of soeioly. But we have digrcwlad. Tho jury 1: in Borith Carolina has bom greatly i' proved since the war. 1'orniorly j.in worn promiscuously drawn iuopcii coi (rom H bet containing thc names of votiug taxpayers of the county and t list was prepared six c. ouths before t term of icrvieo. laggan. No sp?cial rpu boutions were required. Under tho pi ont law the box u tilled by selecting fri tho taxpayers of t ie county a Inuit nutnbor of names, possessing nerti tpiuhtieaii >ns, to wit : Tho names put tlio box must fi pie. ont ci'?zens ol Inl ligence, of good mural uliaroftfrnniU from legal exception. From th.! box Ulled thc JIU , of each brm ls* ?f. rn wi '?.nt time K-foi'o coti/t. The Uw ji vides that the l>ox snail be filled bj jory commissioner appointed by the fl i ernor, the chaiimun i t Hie board l 'ouu ty Com missioners and tho (iou Amiuyr, all,uicea?tfUy. iuh l?geut, a and sWOrn t>> do th/ir duly. This i ohincry should and does give our coi repn - nt dive en ii on thi! july Mid r i rates 'is u safe guard t.? ?QUOOVII.-O um i terror to tito guilty. We would bose i io believe that snell men could bo bin r or prejudiced against tho Stute, wi r truly moana againd. themselves, tl 1 families and their in torc* ts, by tho n I triflo of bvviog stood aside by tho soll? M-' - ? ?JJJ'.' iu tho proco* of onipunucling ?l j'ny for ii special case. We would bo grieved to think that any moral, intelligent juror would wilfully form and nurse u bia? or prejudice for or nguthst his fellow, against lon personal interest and sworn duly. Wo aro proue to judge men hy our own nature, and ?ocord to all the meed of honesty and good faith, until they have forfeited the rigid to it hy their note Hud conduct. Let evil be to him that thiukoth ovil. Tho only ami great danger of bias or prejudice in a criminal case is against the aeciv ed and proceeds boin that natural repulsion to crime whick is lound in tho bearte of all lun.i t men. From this them its danger that a juror, though acting honestly and conscientiously on his judgmont, may see and hear and jud go darkly on the evidence. S'livo as lie may lo bear and dcoido impartially, he may, unconscious ly to hiinse.h, bo influenced agaipst the accused, by bia untrod to orime attach ing to tho parly charged with it. While this is true we must remember that no syetom can bu perfect and free from all objection and that as men must aud will ditter in opinion, no soborno can be adapted to the wishes or wants of all The csseutiul features of tho present system of trial by jury have .stood the test of ages, have; protected life and pro perty to tho general .satisfaction und have fouud noae?opt?ble substituto. We say let them stand unimpaired, for if thore bo any force in tho objection on tho ground of l ins, by standing aside a juror and .Mich like, thoro is no remedy for it suv . in abolishing j try trial altogether. A panel ul Jfs jurors could have 00 eiffel, for assuming that jurors have so little honesty as to bc controlled by prejudice for being stood aside on the one hand, or by personal feelings for or against tho dofeudaut on tho other, is to put it beyond tho power ol either party tu got a trim j irv. Weare satisfied with the prosont system and believe this hue and cry of grave oriines being on tho in?rense is a false aim in, founded on j l?ili ? d rumor without invest igst ion; fur- j ther, that jarics fail r i - lu ir duties has no foundation in tile ?vonls of oui"; sourta. A tull reply to tho extraordinary arti- ' ilea of these writer.-, or rather a just vin- ; lieut hm of th? peace g1 d order of om Si ile, ull things ccnsid rod, would re iiuiro several ai Units, an I if the ti ?acna ilon gees im Wc reserve 'bo right to Our ?fty. . Wc hope also in a future abort 'ar ticle to show thaf lvueli law is in no <vny attributable to defects in our cri ml- j, aal Lw or it.-, adiuim.itration, but^ purely md tololy to tho cruelty, heinousness uidaggr.i. ti. d uireu m stances attending tho crime. As there are croakers in! farming, in meohanios, in morals and in tlth'Ot pur-ant', nb wb flb'd them ia the law, aud aa in the former oases, the 1 fault, if any, bes not in Providence, soi j in tho latter, tho delict, if any, lies notl1 iu tb. law. la.tus thou lay aside com plaints and using the menus before us, ! 111\clive for generations, move on in the 1 road to peace and nrosporty. UKscI i Nf; iiir" iiKSKU i s. A rbi W i H Waifs in lu? >liulc tu IIb? Mtiti UH On- Utan*, from the N. W York Huies.) "Tho farmers of Nebraska h ive served !. notice upon thc "grout American desert" that it must withdraw from their State. 1 Mid ure now pushing ita er. tarn boanda- ; ry across the lim; luto Wyoming and Colorado, tja thu 5th instant Cheyenne ?.aunty's llrst agricultural fair was held it Sidney, a town on tho meridian of I IOU degrees. This comity, which is ' ibout thosivtoo( tho Stat ol Conucoti-ji sut, lied between thu meridians of 102 j regrets aud lol degree:', fir beyond Ibo 1 line which was dcolared n few years ?go ] 11 bo tho Westi rn limit ol agriculture in J t the region lying ix tween the Uocky I Mount uns and the Mississippi. ? i Sidney is situated on Lodge Polo j Urcek, a tributary of tho South 1'latte. I i'hree years ago there nras not a farm 1 house or any sign ol habitat! in in the region 1s t wei ii thi so streams, whioh ox- ' ^.iiils across the aonthom ,"iit of Oheycune county. "To-day, said (?i lierai Morrow, "tho landscape is lotted all over with houses, looking like the little silver spots on emerald fields." The soil is surpassingly rioh in tho eic- j i monts which produce magniQcout crops i of corn, wheat, oats aud other oeieals." Alu.o. i the only drawback is "thc Blip? 11 posed hick of moisture in the crop-1 growing months of June, July and Au gust." ibit this "supposed luck of i moisture" bas not pruveuted the settle-j meut of the county by farmers and bullic.cnt agricultural development within two br three years to warrant thc holding of a fair in "the desert." With legard to changes which have made tho region attractive, Qenoral Morrow said: "Has the Climate of Weston) Nebraska changed within tho last, few years, aud is it Still undergoing modification? I think it is safe to any that the eli mute ol' all the Northwestern State? has undergone, is still undergo'i ig, a change in .respect to thc amount of moistore ai.anally de posited in tho form of ruin Sad View. From observations running thr ugh ten years iu Eastern Nebraska it may be e insidercd s* sn established faot thal there sn-moro iniuy days in the year than there wero formerly." To show that tho climate of a country ia mod died by c-flnvation and set tb ment ho referred to his experience at Port pouglns, in Utah. This post was estab lished in bstd, and m th^t year the rc? corded rabifall then; was only ? leveu indies, fte ii eral ?Morrow was in oom mand at the peat from li*70 to IH74, aud ih Hie Ust luimfltlyisir too r.ianjalf, whicll bod been . "gradually nicrciyung from year to year," mtoncd twenty.. even ; Laphcu. Thc greater pari of tim-, nan foil in ttio spi?ig and pumifiei month.*,' although it ia reported by tho Mormons I Uiat D 1M7 and for several years after rwa?l thur* wa/it?tb?* myallis scarcely un/ prcoiyitalKui of itfc^tpre. J, E, PHTSIOO'S Merchant Tailor Ev labhshuiout, Columbia, ?. C., is in bill blast. Only a look will convince any ono. All that ^fJUtt a lir.'it-nlass lilting smKtry him.- kju\\ line of thc lu -t, goods on hand. "Da you know any thing about Kobiu spn's r?putation for "lt ought to ctand very high, Ho told mo his hew dog oosl him $lo. II? pud ' Dumley >;10 for it. A mun who can cou rin* nimself BO stmngly *o-tho- truth -ns that-sdiwi lalkiTH? about bi? dog de??*?*! tho onnftienco of tho ot.inntl -fipooh. TIMELY TOPICS K?K KA?MK?S. HOW TO DO I'AVI.Mi WOltK Al' THIS SEASON. Suggestions of Interest, from un Author! t ni I vi? Source. (W. ti. Jones Iii Southon} Cultivator souixo Wtp?AT. Tho old Georgia ralo was to sow in tho dark nights iu October. Wo uro of the opinion that the man who tinders' <l tho rule literally, and .sowed, plowed und ; harrowed in hi<j crop after darb, was ns i philosophical os those who iiutist tbat wheat should he sown during thc last quarter ot tho muon in October. I bo .Mark nights" - y-oallod-as often ooour doting the Urn! week ns during tho ! wt week. The best rule probably is io ROW about the usu d time ?>f the ?rsl killing frost, which generally occurs, in Middle Georgia, about tho last ot October or first of November, ouch a rule applies I equally well throughout Um region iu which winter-sowing prevail-, und nd justs itself to tho other operations and conditions un a farm, Ueno of whioh ure dependent lipon tho pbu.es of themoou. As already suggested in la.-1 month's' "Thoughtf," not every farmer should attempt to produce his own supply id wheat. Proper diversification of crops doe? not imply that a farmer should ab- ' Bolutoly produce everything. Hut there | are ninny launs in tho hill country of the East jrn, Oult and South Atlantic ' Suites, on which wheat may be grown ? with almost as much certainty as ii: the j 1 great wheat States of Hu: Northwest, h Experience has shown that the bcsl re- i suits aro obtained when seed of South- i ern growth are sown, of varieties that h uro of local, good reputation. Seed < wheat from thc North and West fail, ns ? ii rule, when sown iu tho cotton State*'. ; Sow ou high, web*-drained cotton bind, t having a clay subsoil oloso dry, manuring f with cotton seed, or meal mixed with i acid phosphate, in tho proportion of i twenty bushels of cotbin seed or two 1 hundred pounds of meal to ono hundred ; j I ..ninds ol' acid phosphate, which will do , t or one aero. If tho green sefcd aro used | they should be plowed in bofovo sowing i t\e wheat. li tho meal bu used with < itoid phosphate ibo uuxturo bo. ov.?. , with thc wheat on thc fleshly plowed ; land and harrowed i.i altogether, OATS. It ' ?i:l io goo l limo to sow outs in thc s lUiort ?'.uh; of our territory. 1?? ilced, * is ?. . usual timo in Southern' Georgia md contiguous sections of oth< r , States. i< the work wan not done ?a t ( month, oven in regions farther north, it | is advisable to sow oal > oven now, rather thau rely on ti roly on a spring crop. Notwithstanding repeated ivuitci-killiug . of late years, wo huvj still more con-? lidoncO-in tho long-run- in foll sown oats than in spring sown. I'< ?TA I'Ofc'.. I I Delated suggest ions for digging.aud . preserving this crop wi re given lust,' month, if not already harvested, no < lime should b< lost iu flpibg this Job. JI The hills ba&kf sliowd bc inure and moro deeply covered v. :tli eui h as Um winter comes oil. i ? irrrov. Thc exceedingly favorably weather > Heit prevailed during thc early hill has ' tunde it an enny matter t>> gather tho atop in good condition, lt our : lieges- , ' lions looking to tho most expeditious | ' pla i ol saving Ibo crop have been heeded Ibo lust picking involves tho gloauiug of ibo eott.ui i\nanning after tho lira! hasty . grab, lt will now bo reali/.id bow little j | will have bei n lost it the bulls remain iu> , lucy wi ro (ir.st b ft and how muco, has . been suv .d by following tho suggestions ( , in scenting tho bulk ol' tire Crop in good . condition. ...MU: or r.i\ i;' STOCK. i < )wing to our comparatively mild win-., U r cl i run to thu Southern farmer is apt to neglect wholesome precautions agaiubt Bcvevo weather. VA fact, it ii shameful 11 how littlo thought or care is given many farms tb the Comfort of tho dumb and helpless minimi.> who toil for ns the I yeur round, and aro OOUtout with then wage?, rations and shelter. Aside from 1 moral and bumaue considerations it i u question of dollars and cents thut no 1 larmer can afford to ignore. Thor? are , many farmers who aro generous to a fault iu feOding; they lill np tho feed troughs und b.iy-ruoh . with corn and j oat? ami foddor three tinto? a day. Hut . tho ?helter provided is often of thc most , primitivo aud inadequate kind, and, 1 i .hume to say. sometime? no better tbau I tho lee-aide of a oorn-oi ib or a fenoo Ci-ruer. lt should bo romombured thut i tho fooil ingottcd by a horse, cow or , i other auinitd serves tis o lii.-dinot pur- ( poses in the animal ccouomj ; i. To ' keep up the bent of the bo ly lo tho 1 point below which tho \it.d processes jiinnot bo carried on and life continuo. Thw temperature degreesi must be mainbiined constantly in the very cold est as well as in mihi weather. The1 natural means of maintaining this uni mal beat m by burning a portion of thu food aa it p issi ? through tho liuigs in j ibo form ol blood. The colder tho , weather- -other things being the same thc greater will be the proportion of tho i food that is lal. MI into tho st?maob, Unit must bc used aa fuel, cud ol Course tho proportion that can bc ut ilized for repair ing Waste tissues and i tor. d up a?, fat must be lessened. Hut if resort is bad to mechanical means to he^poul th? enid -?ta hoop in thO heat . a v. tjf gr??t tav-1 nig of food i? aocom plinked. Milla at the 1 . utile trroc tho auirdaUt ?re stronger foi labor . I latter lor Hie butcher. In our own do mai . : i .oig( meid ? wc obey this principio wit out niuob attention to thu' philosophy ol' it. Wo pr?vido thick walls, tight Window.-, and doors, stopping tim cracks with caTe, and warm beds to sleep on -thus saving the consumption of a much iafgOT amount of fuohaudi adding greatly to thc personal comfort; and happiness and preserving tho health of tho members ol our family. Natl*, lumber and boards aro much cheaper conserva,*?!'* of auimol wa*in#U mnbpro motcrsof thrifty aud fattening than extra Block comfortable thiin to compel thorn to stand Shivering iu t''i fence cornera, ur At bes! in opon Rhoda or poio-made stables with crucks BO largo that n dog might i?usU> jump through. li there is, WO trust that he ta not uuioug tao read era of The Cultivator. It will be o rai inbi ri d in this conuco tiou that we have oftou stressed tho im portance ot getting tho porkers into u condition for J,ho knife before the cold wcathi .? has set iii for thy winter, I ?ogs should now. bo m ai ly ur quilo ready to Utii. and advantage should hu takt M of Hu ?r 1 (johl tho latter part of thia Uioulli to cornu ? .ice operations. C'irist mas should lind them all in tho sie iki . houso and the Cost khlinga on the Btieks. The best und olieapest bacon i i that m?do from boga woll Fatten od and butchered in .Dec mbi t ur earlier. YUK rioimi?uor.u. While not as delinquent in respect tu provision foi honsehold comfort BS in tho matter'of protection to dumb ani* mids, yet it is ol ten a repr neb to tho otherwise good name and reputation of many farmers that they give so little ut I ntii ti to tho various matters tlmt go to make up the sum total of housohol i '. i.itoit aid happiness. Jbg cotton eiops, plenty of provisions, abundant hom ' -i < iou, t tc., do not of thetm.. i\< supply ad tho demands of comfort and contentment, though rdTording Ino mean? und removing tho shadow ol' ex cuse Tor failure. T?tere i: no reason .vhy a fanner sh;.tdd not have as comfc.it tblc a borne and as convenient appliuuccs .gas-light sud water-works only except' ed) aa in the. town or city. Now is tin time to make these arrangements and provisions for tho coming winter. Im portant factors in tho problem ot domes bio comfort und tinnily contentment am happiness nt all tiuicu, they aro two lob inoro important during the live cr sj? nonths that are to come. Do away wit! i. eld style ol' dwelling in the cent J ; 0 i big yur !, kit :h< ;t in one coruor ol tin ?ame, well in another, smoke hons : it till nnothev, and wood pile of green ?oggy and perhaps swamp woodend .in! ix over the fono?! or ont by the rond ade. J .Mt the kitchen and a convenient ?tore-rootu, to bo rcploui bed from tiint ot:.M from n woil-tlllod smoke-house, io uuder ti e t ame roof with the i. u l. ng. Provuh au abundant atore ot cul iud dried tuel. aud kindling. Hy ultei lion to the* . and a bandied ollie, do uils ei li rn abhobt oohvenienoes nut lomforts, time a nt pit:! nee ave '< li ? rv< i, h Mim ana cheerfulness pron; dc* iud home is made happy. Ll VA i to <;'ivi-: : .i WK-. i !i-\ Vre br Hi mi tor * !>..'. ttirlitru !.> bil ny K nw; lin twit, uccnutpiuicd hy i p ?li mud Dnh-rk,'.IriVn Curry, \'. Kr > m-i [??ni A. Ijiuniiutrecli und immy ul hers < il last nit,IP :ii Ibo resilience ol Cbtlmclli August 1*. Wagt uer tittil pti;*cutcd Iii with a l-Ct ' ! I ! timed ns ll titulaCXpte.?lv [d' their dvcpgratitude lo him for Un ???o, v ices ito ici.di red 'ri obhihihiir, their r< !brfi rroth thc insano usyhbii ul Ward's ls ir According i" Air Wngcnrr's stoiy, jrqal wren ; i-, hciug upheld liv lim lb?ar d' Chinitio/* sn 1 < ema ?ne. .il oillciii t . ie: iii. d v itli tiio WaJd'i h ind A^ylithi Mi wrigciier says laut.lu y. ..?! .!.?. sjiudov, of lonbt over 'j'1' .? int j bri ii* 'ire t d .. roi bled in tliO ltUliui ic?yb^i ot! AVtn PilV i ul tiht.e ov -r ntiotlitid ci til?', women wi uv? been deel ox-d in ..ne are ns rad n e. .nit ol their sex who aie imlay ieee, li/.t,d h . society being mn.tn ly s .ma bevel id it lil . . .en up wh > pal I Ile .espeeb '.> Mr. Wagoner ;.: his hoar lu light liutl 'ah - ir) tell Ihhl at hist ld i Iii; ?ei ned ca'indy incredible'. Feidh ai I bilitch, who lind bien ?ihdhU'd for ?v. . i x I y days in du as\ i titi i i . iii tl vet y i elllgcnl manner lin story ot inctioutnu ic hutl,received on NYtud's .1 nd. I! ?> hat. ah hough ? ....?. u)d ;. : t** ; > m.... null Ikings, h?i . refused u iiu.tihii' i 'otc tlie 'physician ' rii'c ?'n?y|um, nnd co it tinily kejH at n tMilftl em;! viven!, : washing clisliea, serai.htuu Hit Hoer a> waiting on tMh!<\ John Curry, ?ho pr? ited ii pict tn o > ??nod health, Ipfi une ! UK O | OJtOt' lilli . ! Iltul bt'CU c.alibied in ihea^l.na fal. years and ?..?.t. months', und Ulli I .v..',.' i pe st triado ' .'>' alni l<) rel. w.il ? lured hy th -"" In charge, Ali. Curry i od ny employed bj a leading vVhnlcsti inn, the monikers "t u hi di vidno lila st rices highly, A. Kramer, an iuleliigent Clermun, tn ho st or j of his three mouths'contlm-m md said timi he hud hceii.cruelly treal .y those in charge, w hen ?hey well Kin lint ho wfts mentally sound null of go icaltlh Carl Ai iismnicreoh, an exceed it gi) a ni..mud <?. tnn ni A mei u ?in, roluted I . n! experience aa nu inmute"! lae i. MI ISVjuni al W.aril's Island, an I Odd hi W aid e l ipid l'?.?ni his living tomb hy >wi niilg the liasl Uiver in miler in renell I 'alYIHy and friends, from whom he h n en cruelly separated for months! August P. Wngener, tho young Irv; who hud teemed ibo release of ?eine I h ii tlx ?um pei- u.s from the inland, told bi it the request ol a poor, hnlfsti.rv woman whoa) hu-h.uid hid been ill? . i, ron liped h<- had taken Up lier ?a?C, "? > ind ?h i' lhere Were many of a dniil i tue Alter.Mr. Wngonci had !>cen Mr?Dird Mr Plereit nppeared In the recoption rot in I in n few \\ i ll woi dtd i emin Us pren n I he ii. ROI . lug yoUOg "iw)er willi a ha .<>i i!;l,\ framed b< i ol tea dillions, tende hy the Si cinty of Huinanily ?"1 the ? vii. s retider?fl ia behalf of lite suffer [niantesof Ward's Islnhd. Oorofier \.< (ind Mr. Flt ion, who were iiNo there, lents of llatiflsoolo presents tendered Hy mme BOplefy, icturnc . their ilunn;- t > irrueiiais ihn,ot ?jj tn a lew well cbu&en ; kindly c.\pie-?i.il wolds. Mr" ntld Mr^ Wain ncr, nt'ier un iv the coiigrrUulaf'.otis oi their friends, hiv ail pr?tent fO pnttikeof the repast they ptepilred for thc occasion. Aftern lin fry hours t f feasting, dancing and 9 im,', the JftJf<|US gut lita ?ag dispersed. Jork atar, Nor. 1. - -Trm T.TTTT.T: pTXwnT.n":" '.*"' " . I ;,e hoe is like yo i." niid thc father, And proudly un i tenderly smiled. . W hy, no. ho's like, you,'' ? rit d the mm And laughed au she fondled her dill ' Iii- hair is like yours und the sunshii .'Nought et?: i's - . bright," he repli. "Ills eyes Jin ve yent vc) y expres'sfon. Thc Color'bf ytinrs, trt:.,'* sin ciU'iV 'Hi* inotiih', dear; yoa ??raiot ?leny li Ivieh ilbnple. (-.n h eurvrv. lsyntir OWl ' His linn riffle chin mid his forehead Ate due to his ful|,< r :\\t)i\r- " "Ah. .veli, din, herald, UK hr? kte?Wl "Wed! h.vc him tho helter, the elf. ff hat eaOhln his fftV* srjcfl th< ' Ami each t ils lo rcc-.gnly.c self!" NOTKI? NKGUKSBE8. Noturlou? Hen Kin?",.i Now lor ? i-'ew Noterions Women of Color? (From tim Mull anil Express ) Mr, T. Thomas Fortuuu ia ono of the ablcs! ami best known colored men in tho country. Ho is a man of 85 or there I abouts, with a keen, intellectual fuco and it quick interest iu everything that con cerns the future of the colored people of 1 America. "Tell me something," Mr. I Fortuno was asked a few days since, "about tho women of your ruce who have J done the most for it and lor themselves." "Colored women h.ive hardly had op ' portunity to ?lo much that is sensation al, " be replied. "They haven't bael time. Bul still there nie several who are prominent among their own peoplo and who have earned a solid reputation. Take Washington, for iustauce. Colored women of the best class there don't biko much to marrying. They get along better than the men, and usually devote themselves to their work and succeed well in it. Tim most prominent colored women in Washington, in tho best senso i ?I the word, are thc teachers-such women as ?Miss M. ll. I h iggs, professor " Eugligh in Howard I uiversity, a most Udentod woman; or Josephine J. Turpin, of tho same school, who is a frequent contributor to newspapers; or Lucy .Moulton, who is the eiiloieut principal of ? big training school; or Mary Nullo or Marion Shield -all highly cultured women, respected and esteemed by those who know them. "In Philadelphia there is the skilful woman physician, Dr. Caroline V. An derson, ribo is tbe daughter of William Still, a wealthy colored merchant and om; of the direotorsof the 'Underground Railroad,' of which he has written tho history. His daughter is a regular graduate ol' the medical departmout of Howard University and enjoys a big practice. Philadelphia is the homo of other wonnai of character and ability. There is Mis. Fanny .Jackson Coppin, the lecturer, who devotes most of her time to th? institution tor colored youth there, and ?Mrs. Gertrude Moselle, who used to conduct the woman's depart ment on tim Ne v York Freeman, and who has written for the New York Times and tho Philadelphia Press us well as for papers published in thu interest of the negro race. Mra. Moselle is a mem ber of tilt! Woman's National Press As sociation, the only member of her raco. Mrs. Frances K. Harper, tho teniper uncc lecturer mid writer, has lived much in Philadelphia also. "fn Hosten one ot tho host known colored wonieu is u modiste, whoso oyo for effects in fabric, form and oolor hus cn lc her rich. Other eolorod women who have ? wider reputation t han any of those are Marie Selika, tho prima donna soprano, who ivas bom in . atehez und whose voi c is of such otucrs, purity and com puss that mr/?.al critics have called, her second ouly to Patti. Mme. Solika has tskcu Gcrstor's place in tho concert iu Boat in, and oas sung before tho crowned beads of Europe. "Madamo Nellie Brown Mitchell is another musician with a mechanical turn of mind. She hus invented and patented two or threo appliances now iu common use by musical instructors. Equally well-known in another brunch of the fine uri:, is Edmonin Lev -. tho pculptor. She is an Afro-Indian, sad was born in New York Kode, but DOW baa lier studio in JUonn , where sia has plenty of com missiona and baa done some line work. . Thc Old Arrowniftkor and bia Daughter' is one of her bi. t known productins sud is ow iu d in England. ..ida Ii. W?lls- 'lola' whose suit for damages under Mississippi laws for be ing forcibly Ihm&t out ol a passenger cur iu Memphis by three ov tour white men brought her before tho public, a few yours ago, ia probably the best known of colored women journalists, und Miss M. . Lanibeit is a pootoHs of genius. The wife oi tho K v. Frank Grimkc, of Jacksonville, Fla., formerly a Miss Forton, of Philadelphia, isa young wo man, but already widely known." 1 asked Mr. (ortuueif he kuew any colored wollun who were reputed wealthy, but hu did not seem especially interested iu that branch of thu subject, and 1 respected Ilia reticenoo, It would not be difficult, however, t<> pick out a dozen colored wouieu in Me country whoso property in the aggregate might bo expressed "on inform?t.on and be lief," by sovcu ligures. In snob a list would come tho Gloucosters, thu rieh boavvting-liouso keepers ol Brooklyn; Miss Amanda Kubanks, of Home, Qa., whose Ahite father loft her $40,000; Mrs. Mary A Wilson, a wealthy Florida wo man; Mrs. Mary PloasantS, of San Prauoisco, who hold., something moro tuan $35,000 in Government bonds, owns a ranch and luis some city real estate; Mrs. .Jumes Th? oas, of St. Hiuiis, who is worth i nothing liko $300,000, and whose barber shop, tho "Lindell", is the most luxurious in tho country, and Mrs. Catherine Blake, who owns the Kcnmoro Hotel al Albany, which is reputed worth $150,000. Mis? Drake, a young colored woman of Nash, N. C., has taken the prize for the beat prod notion of cotton nt all tho State burs, and other Ai io-American women n.e. doing solid industrial work. There arc two colored women in tho ranks of the law, Miss Florence Ihiy, of Brooklyn, and Mrs. M. S. Cary, of Washington. There is at least ouo col ored ministar, the Kev. Mrs. Freeman, of Providence. Thoro has been ono woman at the hoad of u newspaper pub is died in tho interest of Afro-Americans, Miss Carrie Bragg, who for Home time edited thu Lancet, nt Petersburg, Va, quite m Komanoe. Mr. J. B. Blaikie's mnrrmgo to Mis? Ellen Botts, of Savannah, wus recently announced. This marriage has an nii , usual halo of romance about it. Miss ! Botts was a niece ol president Arthur, and alter her ougagemeut a fever and ? he exeitumunt of thu earthquake brought al M mt a losa of vision which tho ocouhsts pronounced permanent. Hbo immedi ately sent her Hanne, who was in Scot land, a release, which he rofnsod to aecept, ami took the noxt steamer to America to declaro bis fidelity and urge an immediate marriage. This unexpect ed happiness produced a greet chango for the better in Mini Botts, which ended by her recovering her evosight. Tho young . pooplo go to Hoot land next month.- Haiti more Bun. Why ha profaastonaltl <>nifort* able? Because he takes i