Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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EMPSON MILUS. ?Htcr Hipp Lo YOL. ?. LAI KENS C. LIM S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 1886. big job of Clothing _Baltimore Fir?. RAILROAD DISCRIMINATION, HOW IT A i ri:< TS TH K DKVlCLOI'MENT Ol-' St)V I II CAKOLINA. Tim Addroan Dollvored Below the Stat? Prona AHAOolatlon, by Wm? M. .lonou, KH?|., Editor of IhoSpartaiiburg Herald. Tho presa o? South Carolina has Btrougly counselled diversity of crops and diversity of industry. It has dono so forcibly, repeatedly, almost unani mously, but without avail. It ia m>t my purpose to night to adduce arguments to support tho wisdom of this counsel, but to seek the causo which has made it so barron of results aud to BCOk a remedy. UNJUST RAILROAD DISCRIMINATION, The primo causo of our continuance iu our pernicious course lies in tho 1 "Hey of tho railroads of unjust diserimiti dion against our homo industries in favor of their foreign competitors. UOME AND "FOREICIN" FREIGUTS. lt appear-, on tho surface that the prosperity of a railroad depouds on tho prosperity of tho country which sup ports it. This is n partial fallacy, lt jw tho interest of tho peoplo to buy nothing which they can make prolltibly; it is to tho interest of tho railroads for tito peo ple to buy overj thing abroad, and raino cotton only to pay the debt; to have no local facto? icu, to produce nothing wi.ich they consume. Before tho War ot Se cession, when tho peoplo produced Abat they used and med what they mculc, there was lilt lo demand for railroad .'-c? - vico, and their traflio was light. Now, when wo bring our meat from Ohio, our corn from Indiana, our dour fruin Illinois, our molluscs from J>> iii; i aiui, our shoes from Massachusetts and our clothing from New York, and when wo ship (?ur whole cotton crop to pay the debt, tbetraOlcof tho transportation companies has become immense. Tho production of Iluso things at ! ome would matoriolly diminish tho bu- uess of the railroads. Hence it is tho int' ros! of tho railroads to BUppresa all lome manufactures and shut up agriotdtu o to cotton planting alone, in this cia - of interests tho railroad managora hav< not scrupled to .sacrifico tho wi llare ol the State. They have accomplished their purpose by un oxhorbitant and out J igc oiis discrimination against State enter prises in favor of their foreign competi tors. ORUSIUNO TOR HOME MARKET I. 1 li this day of sharp rivalry the ir giu of prolits, without which no ii Ins try Can liVO, luis become so Hallow lhat thu freight rates control ils existence. A low freight may fosti r, a high fri lit will strangle it. . int profits rest oven moro absoh < lj on competition, and tiiis, too, dep mts on the arbitrary will of tho rail oad rulers. I may secure a just and i\ii-on able freight rate undi r which my i Ubi ness can prosper; u railroads please to favor my competitor with lower rah a bo can undersoil mo, draw away my cns .un, ruin my business and drive mo from tin field. lt is thus that the giant Stan ird 011 monopoly was built up and ita strug gling rivals crushed to death, it is ihus that the giant factories of the North ure able to strangle our struggling fui: to rios in their infancy. Tho discrimination practiced ag inst tho shippers in South Carolina is on? ugh to paralyzo almost any enterprise. HOMK PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS. A gentleman contemplated thc Ct tab Ushment of a fertilizer factory in Spar tanburg. lt is found that tho freight rate from Spartanburg to Wellford, dis tant on tho Piedmont Air Line 12 miles, is S17.?D a carload, or $1,40 a mile; the rate from Liiohmoud, Va., ia 10 cents a mile, a discrimination of nearly 1,400 por cent, in ha or of tho fon ign shipper. There could ho in? claim by tho rail: oad itt this CasO for extra expel?: 0 ill le nil ling, for tho Bhippor ia required to 'oad his own cir, amt the railroad is to haul it at ils convenience. Tho rate to Paeolct, on tho Spartanburg and Union Hoad, ll! milos di. (ant, is the saino, 817.I?U a carload. Wo have in Spartanburg a struggling door and blind factory. i bo freight to Greenville, thirty-two miles distant, oil tho Atlanta und Charlotte Air Lino is j&l'J a carload, or Si a mile. The same freight from New York to Greonvillo is 12 cents per milo. These instanOCfl aro not exceptional, and I have mentioned Sparhinburg only because tho rattys there wore moro easily attainable. Other cities will bo found in like circumstance, and other rates in like proportion. Instances could be multiplied indefinitely, liy reference to tho report of tho South Carolina railroad connon MOO wo lind that thc average rate charged to foreign shipper, Greenville and Columbia lUulroad, for each to i of freight waa niuo mills per mile, for South Carolina shipper to homo eon aumora ?fty-fix mills per mile, a dis crimination of nearly WO per cent, against our South Carolina producers. Is it atraugo thut in tho face of such dis* crimination our local enterprise , luu guisli and die, and foreign factories usurp our homo market? sen i M. RATEA FOll COTTON FACTORIES, There ia one cl.es of factories which havo been lustered by tho railroads, and thoy have prospered. They ITO the cot ton factories. Their products aro not specially Intended for homo consump tion. Their goods ure shipped prinoi pally to foreign marketf, and <y -u growth does not diminish railroad b ib., nosp, but ruther stimulates tho prudoo tien of tho export crop. Hence tho rail roads havo lent thom a strong holpiofl hand. Their finished cloth is shipped from Greenville to New York ot SlO.hl) v ton; tho raw cotton ia charged 818.00 I ton. Tho aamo goods, shipped by u ineie, ba nt to New York, would bi ohargod $2i>.00 a ton. Tho railroad. havo favored cotton factories, and tin y have prospered; tho havo discourages .ll oth?r factories, and thoy have por tabed. TBE ADVANTAGES OP THE HOiT'II. Tho South lum natural superiority ovei the North for manu fae tine. We hav< elna;, food, cheap labor, mild elinmb and unlimited water-powor, which ii novar blookod with iee. Great as thew in?u:ai advantages uro tlu.-y ore more tliiui ovi r-balaiiei d by tho acquired ad vantages of tho North. They have cheap coal, shilled labor, experience iu maa* Ogomont, ample capital seeking ii vest ment at a low rate of int res?. They have giant establishments, filled with the most improved labor-saving machin ery and run on a scale where expenses aro reduced to a minimum. They arc located in a doilSO population who sup ply a lo-al demand for their products. I liey aro located m ar the great commer cial emporiums and can place their sur plus products on tho market at tho least possible OXponso, and they have very favorable freight rales. These advant ages i nublo tho great factories of the North to manufacture goods cheaper than our infant factories can possibly do So great ure these advantages that ?wen .lohn Stuart Mill, tho great apostle of (reo trade, admits that some govern mental protection is necessary to tho es tablishment of factories when they have to compote with a country whoso facto ries have an established business and wheeo processes of work havo bec une traditional. Tho infant factories of the North required and secured a heavy protection agaiust tho established facto ries of England, To-day they bear to us tho same relation which the old Eng lish factories boro to them a century ugo. Dur factories cannot hope for the protection which would build th? m up. I3oth the free trad o sentiment of our people and tho Constitution of tho United States prohibit any import duty against Northern goods. lint surely it is not demanding too much to ask the protection which nature gives us the protection of distance? Surely it is not asking too much to de mand that tho products from fooleries shall bo distributed throughout our own Stnto as cheaply as the products of for eign competitors? Surely it is not re quiring too much to demand that the railroads, built frequently ut the expense of tho peoplo, for the development of tho Stato, shall not uso their power of unfair discrimination to crush and ruin the struggling industries of the State, and dram her wealth into tho collers of foreign rivals? OPPltRSSIKO CUH 1\\ KM Kits. Tho ell'eot of this policy is hardly h ss hurtful to tho farmers. Exceedingly low through rates have induced the neglect of all other crops, and the almost exclu sive culture of cotton. This hiing-, in its traill extravagance and debt, und in the end dishonesty. When the people raised thoir own supplies they had less money, but they needed less. They bud enough to purchase tho comforts of life, which they did not produce, and to poy their honest debts. Now, winn tho people raise cotton only, they make moro money; their pookots are. full if thoir barns aro empty. Tho money all oouics in at ono season. They ure rich then, if poor nil tho balance of tho year. While iliey have the money they squan der i! noodle ?ly, ami bofo ru tho year ox pin i are compelled to go in debt for the necessaries o? lifo. And so tho next year's crop must go to pay for last year's living, and tv system of debt hus boon saddled OU thc country which has brought it to tin; vergo of bankruptcy. Who can foresee tin result of ono moro crop failure? nun INTKUN.U. COMMERCE, The Internal commerce of the State has been ruined, und the growth of out rising cities hus ht en chicked by this Mime ruinous policy. The prosperity ol cities hangs on tho will of tho railroad autocrats. They can cause business te flow into it, Ol' to go elsewhere. '1 ln^ focused advantages at a country cross road in Georgia and Atlanta sprang iq teeming with enterprise and wool th. ? withdMiwal ot these advantages wonk! dissipate her business, and her prospiri ty would bea dream of the past. Tel years ago it was the policy of the rail road* to build up tho internal conimi rei ol this State. 1 inuring through rata were given to railroad centres and eheiq distributing rutes. In n singlo dei adi Spartanburg doubled her business one tripled her population; wholesale housci were established und supplied tho loon trude for miles around, Her goods v.en sold within twenty milt a ot Atlanta. Within the past seven years this en ..our gt ment to wholesale internal com moree hus been w ithdrawn und the busi ness hus perished. Concessions hov? been niailo to no distributing points ex cept Charleston and Columbia, whi r proximity to water compelled it. Ihi even these hnve boen deprived of wluiti inore important--their cheap distribut iug rates. TUB WUOIiESAT.K TRADE OP Till'. iSTKnion I again take Spnrtunburg us u typo o ber sister cities, in 1H81 thu ruto o fertilizorfl from Spnrtunburg to Wollford on tho Atlanta and Charlotte Air Lim or tu Pacolet, on tho Spartanburg au Union Hoad, was $7.50 a carload; mo it is #17.?t), an inert ase of nearly 20 per cent. The local trade hus beou di stroyed, in 1 Hs 1 tho freight on flour to Facoli was ld couts a burrel, now it is Wi conti on bucou it wits ?20 a carload, now it i ..fdr.. So exorbitant is this local froigl th lt tho peoplo have been compelled t retort to wagon transportation. Tl] lowest freight on thu Augusta and Spa: tanburg Hoad to Campooollo, oightcc miks above Spartanburg, is $.'J a toi first-class freight is ?7 a ton. Wager will haul it, without regard to class, fi #1 per ton free of drayuge, and ai monopolizing thc mercantile binnies L'util roceutly tho rule on cotton froi Canipobello was 70 cunts a bale, whi tho wagons were eager to curry it at I cents a bale. Greenville mid tho other cities < . Upper Curoliuu aro in a liku conditio! lu the seventh report of tho Soul Carolina railroad commission is publisl od n correspondence bstwoon Presidoi Haskell, of tho Columbia and Greenvil Railroad, and Col. Hnminct, prosidoi ' of the Piedmont Factory, concerning tl ? rate on colton from Greenville to Pioi 1 mont, ten miles distant. Tho railroad 1 char g o was 8d cents a halo, which, wi d ray a e, made tho cost ono dollar ] hale. Col. I lammet showed that tl , wagons would haul it for 50cents abu! Ho c. aid got no reduction, w force 1 to employ wagons, and savi 32,500 a year by doing so. AU shippc who continued to use tho road wero coi r pelion to pay tho extortionate rat ? which Col. flammet thus avoided. Pi i peoplo have basinets enough to esta ? bah a wagon lino for their transport > lion. DISCRIMINATION AGAINST OIIAHLKSTON, But this clfect ?H not confined to thc inland cities. Charleston, too, has ex perienced tho weight of this policy. A few years ago Charleston was tho Mecca of tho merchants of upper Carolina. But the railroads have so arranged freights that it is just as cheap and quicker to get their goods directly from Now York, and their trade has (lowed thither. As an instance of tho unjust discrimination against Charleston, 1 cito fertilizers her chief product. Tho rate from Charleston to Spartanburg, shout two hundred miles, is $J a ton. From Rich mond, Va., over twico as far, it is but $4.25 a ton-a discrimination against this city of nearly Hi<! poroont. ls this right? Should railroads of tho Stat o he permitted to break down thc business of tho principal city of the State? Charles ton is naturally tho port of South Caro lina. She is entitled to tho trade of tho State, and sile would have it if sha could get a fair showing, aud the State should see to it that she has that opportunity. This policy of tho railroads has been ruinous to the State's prosperity, lt has stopped her small factories, saddled the. farmers with debt, and ruined our inter iud commerce. A ItBMBOY VOn THE VVIIONO. ls there no remedy for this wrong? Have thc people no rights to bo regard ed? This has been thu claim that the railroads, havo set up. They assumed that the stockholders were tho absolute owners of the roads, and any attempted regulation by tho Government was re pelled ns an unwarranted infringement on private right. During the weak and truckling rule of the Radicals this hold assumption was acquiesced in. lt is now absolutely exploded. It is now held in every Shite in tho nation that tho railroads aro public highways, con structed for the benefit of tho people. That the management of these highways is given to a corporation by the State, as trustees of her sovereign power, a trust not to bo abused. The power should lu* exorcised with equity und itstico, OS*tho State would exercise it. The Stale could not justly discriminate between its citi zens, and its agents should not be per mitted to do so. The State could not w ith equity build up one of its o?ti> . at the expense of other cities, and its agents should not he permitted to do so. Tho State would not saoritlco the indus tries and prosperity of her people to tho hen- lit of foreign competitors, and the railroads should not bo allowed to do BO. She State, if .she owned the roads, would not do tl i e things even for gain, nor should the railroads, If thc stockhold ers can make a profit legitimately, they aro entitled to it; if tin y cannot, they have simply made a had investment and must abide by it. The right of the State to restrain and ii gu?ate tho railroads is now uudisputi d. Tho question arises, how is this to bi done effectiveh ? VYo havo attempted t< do so by u railroad commission. I di not know what they have dom-; I donol impugn their actions. But this we di know, that this sidling and pernicioitl policy of discrimination against bonn ontcrpriso has sprung up dining theil control, and tho condition of tilla i rs ii infinitely worse now than before thei; interference. 1 have attempted to show that OU present neei is low distributing rates rates to our home producers ns cheap ii proportion to distance 08 those grantei to their foreign competitors. This, believe, can be easily, cheaply uni offectivoly sec.ired. A I NO ouxi OATH VOU Al.1. BUIPI'KIIS. I nder thc Inter-Stute law all thrOUgl rates must bo reasonable und equitable These rates must he public. t his w cannot interfere with and would not But this Stute can pass a law providinj that whatever rate por mile tho roads li for through freight, that same rate sha! bu grunted to our local shippers w ith th cost of extra bundling added. Of cours it would be unjust to require thom t loud und lund freight the lirst mile fo tho sume amount for which they merci haul it the second milo. But when the huvu been limply paid for loading, sin fl lng und starting tho eur, there seems n good reason why they should charge on own shippers more for merely contint ing to huid it titan tiley charge to foi eign shippers for exactly tho same se vice. A liberal allowance should bo mail for this cost ot handling. There ure hi tWCUty OloSSOS of freight. The Conen Assembly could appoint a committee | meet during vacation to take tcstimuo as to this cost. This charge should ii elude not only tho cost of loading, bi tito cost of extra shifting and sturtini lt should be regulated in iustico to tl railroads nial to thu people, Tho loo rate should bo based on the actual co of transportation, and not on the btw ot "whatever tho trallic will hear." U (1er the most liberal allowance it w never be found that it costs over on third as much to ship u carload of gmo twelve miles nu it does to ship it > miles, and that, too, when it is load* by tho shipper. When once tho through ruto per mi in lixed hy the railroads and publishe und when the cost for extra, bundling usccrtuincd und established by law, t rights ot the shipper become so phi that no expensive railroad commission necessary to protect thom. Ho kuo tho rate per milo, tho distance ho li shipped and tho extra cost for handli tho class of freight olfered. Whether has been overcharged, is a question simple fact with which tho Courts 0 deal, ami a penal statute is ample pi tcetion. But whether tho remedy I have si gestcd is tho best or not, tho evil to remedied exists, lt is an oppressive cu hus on tho prosperity of South Ga lina. Tho interests of South Candi are dear to every one of hor sons, fl especially to tho members of tho Pn It is for this reason that 1 have vontui to oall these facts to your attention. Woman's Farr. "What furniture can give such Ibilsl n room, an a tender woman'8 face," ii George Elliott. Not nny, we nre hamn answer, provided thc glow of health ti pers tho tender expr?s.lon.' The pale, fl lons, bloodless face of a consumptive tho evident sufferings of thc -dyspeptic, duce feeling of sorrow and grtel on part and compel? us U> tell them of Pien es "Golden .Medical Discovery," sovereign remedy for con-umptlon other diseases of tho respiratory systcr woll os dyspepsia and othor digot troubles. Sold everywhere. AIIOUT DI KT IM)ADS. Tin? Evil mu? Itemody-Th? Economy ?>f lluvingUood Itimils. (From Tin' Kallon?) About this tiruo of year Americana bo gin to give ?in amount of attention to roads and road-making which is sadly wanting during tho rest of it. There is probably no peoplo in the world which lian nnnle such progress in tho arbi of civilized lite generally that BOOmsto care so little foi what a good runny social philosophers put among the very fore? mott of thom, tho art of rond-inukiiig. lu fad, some philosophers have pro nounced tho history of roads the history of civilization, Nothing distinguishes a civilized country from a barbarous one so markedly as tho di?'orenco between tho means of ooumiiiniciition between ono locality and another. AH a gem ral rule, ono knows Hint a people is rising in tho scale by seeing its roads improve; one knows thu', it is declining hy seeing its roads go oat of rep.iir. Nothing marked so lividly tho grout plunge into barbarism which Europo took after tho fall of tho Kornau empire as tho disap pearance of die superb lines of commu nication which lcd from the forum straight as an arrow to every corner of the Kornau world. Nothing, too, tells tho tide (d' Chinese decadence so dis tinctly 08 tho ruin which has ovcrUikeu Hit! grout, roads and ennuis which ut un earlier period connected tho capital with thc provii ces. When an American goes to linni]ie for th'! first time, nothing scorns odder tb,ui the superiority of thc European roods iu countries which can make no pr, ti ncc of equaling tho Knited States in other marks of material progress. We ?ne not a declining peo ple; on the contrary wo aro tho most growing people in the world. We ure not among tho poor nations ol the globe; on the contrary WO uro probably the vory richest. Weare not ?udifloront to material improvement; on tho contrary tho most frequent charge made against us is that w< give too much attention to it, and yoi we aie worse off, by far, in tho matter of roads than any other high ly civilized community. Tho original reason of the American indi ?Tor onco about roads was probably tho rapidity with which tho carly settlers seattorcd themselves in small communi ties over wido UI'CHS, The fewor pooplo there ure to the squaro milo of inhabited territory, of COlirao the costlier royds bo e.um ; und w hen population is very much dispersed, ns in frontier settlements, people cease to till Ilk of good louds OH n luxury within their roach, und devote themselves simply to the task of keeping them passable. This tendency to neg lect the art of road-making would prob ably havo disappeared curly in this cen tury ii tee railroads had not come in us the great nm s of communication, thrown Hu! post roads and military roads out of usc, and relegated all louds but railroads to tin: ooudition of cross-roads or by ways. The railroads not only did this, hut they dispersed tho settlors over still wider un as tbnn i ver, und thus mude the prospect of running a good highway past every m Mi's iloor sci in hopeless. The conscq leuce Lils been that the carly colonial or frontier state of mind--io which u road was considered good enough if it waa simply practicable to wheeled vehicles (that is, if there were no holes or rocks in it sufficiently formidable to upset a carriage), und any thing better than this un unattainable luxury has almost settled into a national tradition. ( Ino hus only to go a few miles out of any of our large cities to lind the roads in every direction being repaired in tho exact manner in which they wore ro pairod by the struggling colonists be tween l?oO und 1700-that is, nothing is attempted beyond idling np tho holes j with any material that is ut bund, and affording faoilitios for the water to tun off. Tho material (lint is ut bund is, of course, tho mud of compost out of tho adjacent ditch, Tins is shovelled up vii h tho utmost gravity und deposited all ulong the centre, filling up tho cavi ties and hiding from view the projecting roi ks. I ii districts in w hich gravel or strong day is obtained in this way, the result is oxton satisfactory enough, lint as a general rule tho contents of the ditch are simply mud or decayed veget able matter, lit only for manure. Spread over tho road OS a plaster, it rapidly be comes dust und is swept away by the w ind, or else lu conies mud aud iswaslud book again into tho ditch, or dow n into tho hollows, in which iu wet weather it forms a kind of quagmire, through which horsed toil wearily. The one ad vance WO have made in this curious process over the carly colonists ia the invention of the largo irou scoop or shovel, worked by oxen or horses, as a substituto for tho manual lnbor of tho olden days. A foreigner, seeing it at w ork for th<! first time, is always disposed to beliovo that the road is being prepar ed for a crop of some kind, and as n matter of fact WO have ourselves seen inan\ a mile of country road in which, after the spring repairs, potatoes or corn would have grown very luxuriantly. Of course there aro signs of progresa out of this primitivo condition in thc more densely settled district, on the eastern const und in the neighborhood of the large cities. Tho Park ronds, with which people havo boen mude fa miliar during tho past thirty years, have shown those who havo never boon ubroad what a good road is, and have Unis raised tho standard of mud making, as tho Vienna bakery raised the standard of brood-making oil ovor tho country after tho Philadelphia exposition in 1877. Hut mo: t rural districts huller grout ly from not having a standard at all. Sumo of those who tax themselves most freely Suffer most, because tho plentiful supply of money not only does not improvo tho roads, but breeds a political ring, who treat it as "boodle," Tho reason thoy sutler is that? ns they hnvo no standard of goodness in roads, und do not make Bpeoill ! reqiiircmentH us to what shall bo done to koop tho roads in order, it is nover possiblo to bring trustees, or soloctmen, or roadnuvtorfl, to a proper account. They nhvays escapo if they can show they hnvo put on tho annual spring plaster; and when it is washed away, ns it is sure to bo a litllo later, they throw tho blaine on tho freshets; .md the siinplo citizen, not knowing what to soy in answer to them, soys nothing. \S o havo noon tho piaster ap plied to projecting rooks in a steep de clivity in tito middle of a great highway within twenty miles of New York, year after yoar, without a word of remon strance from anybody? and without any demand for tho URO of tho Bledgodiam mer for tho safety of horses and car riages. Tho waste of till this, through tho wear and tour of animals, vehicles and harness, is of courte immense. AB it is not easy to oaloulate it, it make? but little impression on the popular mind, hut it probably far surpasses tho oosl of thorough repair or macadamization. Until a standard has beon set up, ... creased votes of money for road making Will in populous districts simply result in tho multiplication of the people who live by .'politics." There is little doubt, too, that not only was the light wagon, for which Amcri'si is now fumons, produced by thc badness of our roads, but it now helps to keep the roads bad by diminishing, in tho publia eye, tho inconvenience ol them. The wagon in which Americans delight, and which no other nation bas vet been able to imitate, really gets over bud roads almost as easily as a saddle or pack horse. We I. .ve seen it jun p a fence behind a runaway with a certain grace and dexterity. But but! roads tell ou it rapidly also, though not perhaps as rapidly aa on heavier vehicle!;. ll is hardly an exaggeration to say that ll light wagon would last one-third longer ou an Fuglish or Swiss road than on ours, anil would be a far gloater luxury. Nobody shows more appreciation of the smooth, bard park roads than tho trot ting men, although they prefer the dirt road to "speed" on ; and tiley may be said to be the only olass of tho commu nity to whoso needs or wishes attention in the matter of road-making hus boon paid. The owners of heavy vehicles have been left to get along as best they eau, although they uso roads for business and not pleasure. In no department of our material progress, in fact, is there SO much need of reform 08 in our road making, and above nil in our road re pairing, whether WO look at tho matter from tho health or tho pleuf-uro point of view. Tlie Cot Om Movement. The New York financial Chronicle, in its wcokly cotton review, says that for the week ending Friday evening, the ?ld instant, tho total receipts havo roached 7,501) hales, against 0,800 bab s last we. k, 10,026 hales the previous week, and 12, GOO bales three wooka since; makin" tin total receipts sims; thc 1st of SoptOUlber, lK.si'., 5,170,887 bub"-, against 5,185,171 bah* for the same period of 1- 0, showing a decrease SIUOO September 1, 1880, of 0,270 bales. Tho exports for tho week onding the samo timo renell a total o? 8,.T10 bales, of w hich 0,801 wore to (ircal Britain, ?ll to f rance, and 1,515 to tho rest of th? continent. Tito imports into continental porb for the samo period have boen 20,001 halos. There was nu iuoroaso ni the COttoi in sight, Friday night, of 18,000 bale ns compared witli tho same dato o 1880, an increase of 2,808 bales us com pared with tho corresponding date o 1885, amia decrease of 280,150 bule;; a compared with 1881. Old interior stocks havo deer? i during tho wook 1,153 bales, and wen Frid. y night 88,415 l?ales loso than at IN sume period last yent. 'I ho receipts a the Kiuuc towus havo been 1,187 hale; less than for the sume week lu*t year and since September l tho receipts nt ul tho towns aro 22,218 hales less than fo thc samo tune in 1885 0. The total receipts from tho plantation since September I, iNSti, were 5,181,001 bales, in 1885 0 wero5,300,107bales, am iu issi o were 1,710,001 huh s. Althougl the receipts ut the outports the pas week were 7,509 bales, the actual move mont from plantations was only 2,81 bales, tia: balance being taken from tin stocks ut tho interior tow ns. Last jm the receipts from thc plantations for th same week were J,'.?sb hales, and fo lSS."> they were huies. 01 KUI. WO Ul HALLOOS, Tho Now York World has disoovoro a young tv. r laut who expects to com across the aintry from St. Louis in balloon, 'ino balloon is now on its wa West, lt is to take np the UOVOnaut, photographer, a government motcoroh gist and a reporter, .limo ll bus bee tixed for the ascension, if the ullin spheric conditions ure favorable If thc uro not, the trip may bo delayed unt the meteorologist gives the Word, ll hus nindi) u study of air ourront8 an thiuks iie cnn avoid thc mistakes ot' tb past. Four attempts have been mude hen h fore to iniike long air voyages. In I8? Wiso traveled 1,200 miles under i xec ingly favorable conditions und the ral ol a milo a minute. Tho Graphic bu loon went up in lsT'J and was n faillir A lew yenni ago Professor King asoendc from Minneapolis in "Tho Groat Nortl weet" in the centre of n high-prossui aroa mid tho balloon floated lazily o vi tho city. Later ho went up from ( li cago under Conditions which sent hi ot? into thc foroab. of Wisconsin. Kim then tho aoionce of meteorology bi u.a.lc rapid strides, and the theory upi \slnch the balloon will he sent up is titi "If clouds aro moving to the north hues drawn .'rom Snit Luke City ai Ooobee through St. Louis and tho low wind blows in tho same direction ; or i with a oleur sky, small balloons show tl same motions, thou 1 would not lea tho eiirth. If oither of thoso current-; fftVOling, nil wu have to da is io get in it und 'ni on." Professor II. Allen Qazon, the nietcc ologist, lina ovideutly studied the Hit ii tion very carefully, nud when be leas the earth ho will havo tho benefit of ; tho knowledge that thc Signal Offloo 0 afford him by its weather maps. 1 attempt will bo watched with intere Thu uorounut is counting on renmim in the air two duys. If bo con do tl ho will havo accomplished v. bat no o in this country hus boen ablo to do. lias been tho experience hore that a b loon cannot remain up oven tweuty-fo consecutivo hours, to say nothing forty-oight. Fxpnnsion nuder tho in of tue sun soon weakens a bulloon. Endurance of Society I'eople. A prominent sooioty lady of Washii ton being asked by tho Prince of Wal "Why is it you pooulo hero manifest little fatiguo from danoing, rcocptio oto.?" replied, "Why, you seo, Americans rogain tho vitality wasted these dissipations by using J)r. Hart? Iron Tonio," ?cnaa?w?>.w.? ?/.t-.u;.'.... . J HI.??.-.'..VIOT???*?MM rm. CHOI'S I N TIIK STATU. How Tlioy Appt-nr !?. th? Vori*UK|ioii?l?iita nf tho Di'imi'imoni .>( Agriculture Th? Doparttnonl of Agriculture hus received 'J10 special reports from its township correspondents regarding thc crops, ot au average dide ot' .lune I, ol wh?oh thc following is a summary: i i ? i I ON. Tho oop is from two to three woekt earlier, and stands bettor than lust .year. L'ho crop is cloon aud growing rapidly, and is now verging to limb and square, i und looks vigorous and hi althy. it hoi '? not l.i vu decreased in acreage-reporte I at 00 per cod. The condition is reported in uppei Carolina ?it 102 por cent. ; middle Caro? lina 102, and in lower Carolina 100. An average for tho State ol' 101 per cent. This is al love tin- condition at thc sonn: period in 1882, 1885), and hi issi, winn it was reported at 00, and in lissi; at 8C por cou!., showing that tho crop is io i bettor condition than for a period ol years. . DUN. Tho growth of corn was somowlint ro tarded by tho dry weather in April am j carl,) May, bul l'CCont rains in neall J every section ot' tho State has improvi i its Condition very much, lt is good I : sandy and bottom lauds. Owing to tho favorable spring and ah I Sonco from Hoods, tho bottom lands hav I been better prepared and planted carin than usual. Correspondente cst Onoto tho crop ot bottoms at 28 por cent., and on upland at ll per cent. Tho condition of the crop in uppi Carolina on bottoms 00, on uplands II LOO; in middle Carolina on bottoms ttl iou uplands 08j in lower Carolina ST o bottoms, on uplands 02: makin;', ;. average for tho State, ou both bottom and uplands, '.'I per cent., against 83 pi cent, compared to tho crop of last yeal W1I1.AT AND OATS. WI? al and fall sown oats wore injure by freezes, Ibo former a little aud tl. latter very much; but when- tho oal j were too thin fov il laud they were n sown iu carly sj . i- '. Thc correspondents report that th crop willy ii le much hotter i ban oxpcotci the rna nt rains having very muoh in pro voil tho coud i ti?m ol tho crop, ila vesting ba luineucod iiifioinolooalitio: i Tho condition 6? both crops is ri ported ut '.'1 per cent, ror wheat and h' I por cent., for ?mts, against 75 per ccni i for cavil last your, ; Tho amouut ol c mtucvcial foitili/.ci sold in tho Hiato for tin past season*. ; I is shown by thc book i : Ibo Depot mont, is le s than ti; ?nsou of 188o an 1.S80, Correspondents report tliat tl following percent igo of Commercial fe tili/.ers wore used lilis year: Ammonia I cd, 10; acid phosphate, lb*; ?uiin?t, 1 ? ehenuea! , ii; abd thal ?>.'. p.-r Cent, pu | chased vi.i- u . .. .... composting, m I that 72 per cc ?it. of kai nit ivas Used th j year as compared to ! . M ?, Last y car '? ivas estimai il that 10 pi I cent, less flinn supplies was piirckust than in 1- ., n?d this year lu pur con moro thou List, still muking a dooroo of por cent, loss than in 1880. Th increase is due to freshets, .vllioll d stroyed tin entire coin crop on me ho toms, forcing farmers to buy at tho b 1 ginuing ol' Un- season, lim our i ur mors aro ohecrful, hopof and imoyaut, and do not complain. Ai when it is recollected that less fertilize bas boon purchased, labor ohoapor ai '? thc crop oullivati d ai '.< . . st up to tl time til ni any crop hir yearn, they ha some reasons for rejoicing. Labor nearly every locality 1ms booti UH plentiful. The failuroof thc crop lusi \ . ar taug them to prepare for tho worst, and, Due correspondent outsit: ' i Inj in ! their own wonderfully; most ol tin I started with nothing and still ha\i it.' lin K. Thc reports from m arly ovcry scoti ol' tito State is at this time favorable I a good orop, but there aro so ma drawbacks in the production ot tho ri crop that tho present estimates miy very much changed before tho roatur of tho Crop. The condition is report at '.?7 against ;>2 in 1880, and 00 In ls ot lltCU t Kill':.. Tho condition o( sorghum and suj caue is reported good. Corrcspondci OStimato that tho acreage lias la en creased. Condition of sorghum a sugar cane each '.ts against tor Ix crops lust year. Tho estimated increase in acreage tho sweet potata is placed at '2 per coi j or lol for im Stall-, and condition at per cent, Tho acreage of trish potatoes I been reported 1 ja r cent, decrease, J tho condition lor tho stoto '.?1 per coi j tho samo as loat year, Tho prospects for tho fruit orop nearly all kinds aro not encouragi Apples, poaches and pears were ba injured by the cold winds in Oil spring. Tho grape und berry crops reported os very promising. I boc ditton id' finit i. ropo lcd os folio apples, BO j p aelv-M, pears, grapes, 08? borrica, 80, rho corni it of gordon prod acts ie rcportod at no com. against 88 last ye.ir. Out of two hundred aud twonty-tl Correspondents toporting tho state tho weather, MO report good, TD aud 7 ba l, showing that the seas htivc been propitious for thu grow crop-. Tm.UK is au old notion that fish good Inain tooti, but au article by W At water in tho .June number ol' thc ( tiny Magazine goes, far to destroy v faith there might have been in such tlon, He declare, thai tia ro is no p of any exceptional abundance ot p] phornS In tint*.. On tho contrary argues that an extended series of anal in his laboratory hus shown that tho portion of phosphorus disclosed in tl. sb ot' ordinary animals used for is quito OH great UH that aacortuine exist in tho species of ilsh that aro used for food. Mr. Atwotor says wc are a race of fat-eaters, and that difference, BO far UP tho nutritivo q ties aro concerned, lietweou tish an* di nary meat is iu tho different prc tions in whioh water and oily or matter aro rc-spcotivoly found. Ilcsh of Hah has water whero meats fat. In ordor to promote soundnoei growth of brain, we must avoid o alvo indulgence in fatty food, and c i generally to keep tho other parte o body in healthy condition. KENTUCKY PIONEER UFE. IM IDKNTS Ol' KAKLY DAYS IN THK "DAUK AND BLOODY QliOUNI>." Sonto Account ol tho Kxclliiig; Experiences <>t Duulol lloone ?uni lils Followers? (From Harper's Magasina tor Juno.) Tho dangora whioh Boone and his companions encountered iu tho fields carno to tho very doors of their cabins, aud constantly menaced their families. Indiums lurked snugly or in parties to seize a prisoner or take u scalp whenever an incautious white should givo the op portunity. Frequent combats (and each combat ended, as a rule, iu the death of ono or both of these engaged) had habituated the mcu to danger. It waa Later that they felt tho danger of thoir , wives und children. Lute on a ?Sunday afternoon in July, I ?"70, ilnee young girls ventured from the enclosure of BoOUOSborougO to amuse thomselves with a canoe upon the river | that liowed by the fort. Insensibly they drifted with tho lazy current, and before they were aware of thoir danger woro Boizcd hy five warriors. Thoir resist iii ?i ance was useless, though they wielded I the paddles with desperation. Their ?.ano. Aas drawu ashore1, and they woro hurried off in rapid retreat toward tho Shawnee town iu Ohio. Their screams were heard at the fort, und thc cairne well guessed. Two of tho girls were liotboy and frances, daughters of Col. Uiohard Callaway, tho other was Jemima, daughter ol' Boone. Tho fathers were absent, but soon returned to hear the evil news and arrange the pursuit. Cal laway assembled a mounted party, and j was away through tho woods to head oft* tho Indians, it possible, before they j might ..each and cross the Ohio, or be I fore the fatigue of their rapid march should so overcome the poor girls as to cause their captors to tomahawk them, and so disencumber their Hight. Boone started directly on the trial through the thickets and canebrakes. ll;s rule was never to ride if ho could possibly walk. All his journeys and nut ts, escapes and pursuits, were on foot. His little party numbered eight, end tho anxiety of a father's heart quick ened its leader, and found a ready re sponse in tho breasts of three young men, the lovers of tho girls. Betsey Callaway, the oldest of tho girls, marked tho trail, as the indians hurried them along, hy breaking twigs aud bending bushes, and when threaten* ed with the tomahawk if she porsiuted, toro small bits from her dress and dr< pped them to guide the pursuers. Where the ground was soft enough to receive au impression, they would im press a footprint. The Hight was in tho 1 nest Indian method; the iudiai smarch ed some yards apart through the bushes and cane, compelling their captives to do the samo, Whou a creek was crossed they waded ill ii.-> water to a distant point, where tho march would bo re sumed. By all tho caution and skill of thoir training the Indians endeavored lo ol ...cure tho trail and perplex, the pur suers. rho nightfall of the lirst day stopped tho pursuit of Boone before he bad gone tar; but he had lixed the direction tho Indians were hiking, and at early dawu was following them. The chase was continued with ali the spoed that could ! bo made for thirty miles. Again dark ness compelled a halt, and again at crack of day on i'uesday the pursuit wus ro ui wed. ll was not long bet?re a light ti tm of smoko that ro.se Ll) the distance. ' showed where the Indians were cooking it breaskfast of b?llalo meat. The pur suers cautiously approached, fearing lost the Indians might slay their captives aud escapo. Col. John i* loyd, w ho was ono of tho party (himself alterwaid killed hy Indians), tims described the attack and the rescue in a letter written tho next Sunday to tho lieutenant- of Finoaatlo, Col. William Preston: "( >ur study had been how to got tho prisoners without giving tho Indians timo to murder them after they discov ered us. l our ot us fired, aud all of us rushod on them; by which they wore prevented from currying anything away except one shot gun without ammuni tion. Colonel Boone and myself had each a pretty fair shot and they bogan to move oil'. I am well convinced 1 shot one through the body. The ono he bhot dropped his gun ; mine had none. Tho place was covered with thick cane, and ticing so much elated on recovering tho three poor little heart broken girls, we were prevented from making any furth er search. Wo sent tho Indians oft' al most naked, some without their mocca sins, and none of them with so much as a knife or tomahawk. After the girls came to themselves to speak, they told us there were live Indians, four Shaw* anoso and one Cherokee; they could speak good Knglish, anil said they should go to tho Bhawaneso towns. Tho war club wo got was like those 1 have seen of that nation, and several words of thoir languages, which tho girls retained, were known to DO Shawaneso." The return of the rescued girls was tho occasion for great rejoicing. To crown their satisfaction, tin? young lovers bad proved their prowess, and uudor tho eye of tho greatest of ali woodsmen bad shown their skill and courage. Thoy had fairly won the girls thoy loved. Two wei ks later a general summons wont throughout the little settlements to at ti-nd the first wedding evor solemnized OH Kentucky soil. Samuel Henderson and I ;ei*y Callaway woro married in tho presenoe of an approved company that celebrated tho evont with dancing and feasting. Tho formal license from tho county court was not waited for, os tho court house of Fincastlo, of whioh coun ty Kentucky was part, was distant moro than six hundred miles. Tho ooromouy consisted of tho contract witli witnesses, and religious vows administered by Boone's brother, who was an occasional preacher of the persuasion popularly known os Hardshell Baptists. Fran eos Callaway became within a year tho wife of tho gallant .lohn Holder, afterward greatly distinguished in tho pioneer an nals, aud boone's daughter married tho son of his friend Callaway. a Hule that works both ways-The Golden I Rule.