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EMPSON MILUS. ?Htcr Hipp Lo YOL. ?. LAI KENS C. LIM S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 1886. big job of Clothing _Baltimore Fir?. TUE QUlYKKliXCJ KAU 1 11. IN IM l.ltl.HI l\<; CIIAI'Tlill OA K \ li l li Ol YM.s. A Scientific Paper from Major iinrry limit mond-Some Parla timi Will Insiriici il? Newspaper Homler Hartliqiinltra of Frwjuml Oecurence In lue Unttrd Kialoa. BBBOII ISI,AM?, S. C., Aug. 8, 1880. Hon. P. Willah, Augusta, Ott.:-Dear Sir: I fool midi compunction at Bi ohig tho BpOOG of your valuable journal < cou pled with my random talk ol tho other day, that I beg, ns commutation, lo on cloao nome paxogniphs on earthquakes to you. I linvo Bolootcd and very greatly con densed them iron such mention ns 1 lind in my soiontiilo periodical;! of the lost few year?. I havo not tried to ar range them in any order, nnd you can select and omit any us you may think proper. Ordinarily, 1 suppose, uo one Would rend them, hut just now perhaps thoso soiontiilo observations may bo of interest. The importance of earthquakes consist md in the property they destroy or tho persons thoy kill, but in tho im pressions they prodltCO on 11 io mental and moral character of Largo bodies of people Comparing small thing; with great, the fractures and dislocations they produce among tho loose clement s ot human souls exceeds tho ni tendions thoy work in thc face of physical nature. 1 haV? UO doubt tho demoralization con sequent on them has determined tho fate of mitions and the course of civilization. A scientific consideration of them might allay or dispel such evil Lntlucncc, and i hope these notes will bo of service to you. Very truly, ll Ainu HAMMOND. NOTES ON BAMTUQUAKU3. Professor Fruolis records 121) earth quake shocks for tho year 1881, of which 57 occured in win tor, 21 in spring, lil in summer and 21 in autumn. There was little volcanic activity throughout the year. Twentieth January, 1880. Tho Hussion burk Precioso, latitude, 17 Ol' ?. loll gi tudu (ill degrees 07' NV., wind fr sh ci. E., water smooth, speed le Knots, en countered ii heavy shock, throwing thc vessel to ono sido and causing it to ship n heavy sea. lt lasted only a few BOO omis, mid the wind shilled directly lo thc S. E., and died away, leaving it calm for Hu! next three day ;. Of 72 shocks in China, 48 occurred in tho first und second quarters of tho moon, 21 in tho third and foll rib. Tho (?th ilny of thc; moon shows thc largest number. 12? none occurred on tho Jd, nth, 18th, Mth. It has bein thought timi storms on th?; Atlantic slope were most frequent on thc young moon. Jn Switzerland there wore in? shocks in 1880 ?ind 1881: -10 in 1882; IO in 1883. Tho schooner Uosauo reports J uno 23, 188?, in lat. '2!> (l?greos 1 f N.. loo;;. 183 degrees 85* \V., two Iicnvj shock of sub marino earthquakes about ono minute apart, causing tho vessel to tremble violently. The sky wns overcast nnd tho sen smooth, Fourteenth July, 1885, severe earth quake experienced in ?oilgnl, lasting, nearly n minuto und killiiijj sovcilty per sons. The centre of thc Andalusian earth quake of December 25, 1881, was do termiucd as lying bctwoen (?ranada and Malaga, nnd earth tremors extended ns faros Borne and Brussels. Sovoutcon thousand buildings were injured, of whioh 4,000 wore totally destroyed, 745 persons were killed and 1,485 wounded. Tito causo of this onrlhqunko is thought to have been thc percolation of water into tliodeon lying rooky strata in tho valley of Zufiirruyn, where tho heat con verted it into vapor of high tension and gencniteil tho tremendous forces which exploded ulong lines radiating from Zafarrayn ns focus. Thcso radiations an.' very nearly in tho same directions ns the Bunnoo streams of tho region, whoso courses turo believed to uccoru with sub terranean crevices, through which tho water reaches tho interior heat. It hos boon suggested that thc Const Survey should sink deep vortical shafts at intervals to determine by observations made on them from time to tinto wheth er there was any movomont or shifting pf tho superficial or deeper strata, re sulting iu changes of latitude and longi tude. In nu earthquake ob. erved in Tokio, Japan, 15th October, 1881, tho most Violent niotionS were over in U n sec onds, but thc oscillations continued willi muoh force for some inmutes nt 'forwards. Tho greatest velocity W08 0.8 centimetres ncr second mid the greatest acceleration 21. If tho nmplituilo had occurred in oonjuuetion with the moro usual period of three-fourths of n second, the de struction would LOTO been ninia n e. It was felt over an uren of twenty thousand aqua re miles. Of 887 earthquakes observed by Prof, Milne in Japan, butwooii October, 1881, and October, 1883, 105 occurred from January to March; 70 from April to Juuo; 39 from July to Soptombi r; 8:5 from October to December, They were most violent along the lino of the river Toiiegnwa, in a Out alluvial plain, only a small number being felt Lo the moun tains or in tlio vicinity of recent or active volcanoes. They wero most froquont OU tho sido which Blopoa down steeply un der n dcop ocean, ami not on tho oppo pite ?idu where tho slope In moro gradual and UiQ ocean shallow. The i nine rela tionship kohls ia South America. Knrth qiuikos uro also most frequent in Japan, Whero tlioro is ov id?neo of recent and rapid elevation of tho lund, and whore UiinmrotiH rivorn aro pouring out henvy q.ia.ddi. of sediment on the occiin bot tom, perhaps lt ls thin inoiv.nwd weight, depressing thu stpita BCaword. \ hioh tilts thom up on tho land side and cuises Urn earth shakos. Tile lost oarthquako on tho Jslnud of Isolda ww reckoned ns 00ming from a depth o! 8,000 to 5,200 feet ?t most. In Switzerland, in lHHO, there wi ro 00 tremors or shoots in 21 earthquakes; .nd in 1881 tho number was 168 shocks for 87 earthquakes. In tho Uoss4*'errol ?colo thoy are arranged in bm grades, Booording to degree ol violence from vory faint, op.ly obsorvfi.blo by an in stmmont-tlio Seismomoter-to those overturning rock?, forming fissures and mountain slides. Thor* Mr* two methods of determining thu depth nt which earthquakes origi nate. 1st. By estimates bused on pto? eise, doliouto observations, determining ii series ol' points in which tho oscilla tions ure felt nt tho Hinno moment. Such observations uro very dil) ic ni I to obbiin. 2d. Mullet's plan by examination of tho emoh in the lund nftcr nn earthquake and determining their points of con vergence, which is also the points of 01 ?gin. (foptain Dolaunay, of tho French .Merim; Artillery, maintains thut the Krakatoa out-burst resulted from tho conjunction of Jupiter and tho August swann of meteors. Ile predicted violent earthquakes iu 1880 from the malevolent 111 tl nt nee of Sat urn. (Bosh.) "Science," vol. V., No. 100, contains the map of an earthquake occurring '2d Jauuary, 188.>, und felt in Virginia and .Maryland. Karthquakes seem to show a prefer ence for the night hours. Maximum 2 to J a. m.; minimum 12 to 2 p. m. ?Between 1873 and 1883, there aro re corded as occurring in tho United States and (ainada, not including Alaska, 8(M earthquakes. Of these IOU occurred ou tho Pocilio slope, (Ki in thc great valley of thc Mississippi, 117 on the Atlantic slope, making an average of ono in twelve days for tho whole region, and about one a mouth for tho Atlantic slope. Doubtless many lighter tremors for each of these might have been noted by any one possessed of a scisnioscope, ail instrument devised for that purpose. Prof. Ewing, of Tokio, Japan, says of earthquakes there: 1st. "Thc motion of tho ground begins very gradually. 2d. An earthquake consists ot' many succes sive movements, and there is almost al ways no single largo ono which stands out prominently from tho rest. 3d. Tho disturbance ends even moro gradually than it begins. 4th, The range, tho period and tho direction of movement arc exceedingly and irregularly variable during any ono earthquake. 5th. Tho duration of tho disturbance of thc ground is rarely less than one minute, and is often several minutes. 0th. Evou in somewhat destructive earthquakes tho greatest displacement of a point on tho surface of the soil is only some hun dredths of an inch. 7th. The vertical motion is generally much less than tho horizontal. 8th. An earthquake exert ing a horizontal force against a mass equal to one thirty-third of its weight, if regularly repeated, is sufllciont to crack brick walls and sometimes throw down chimneys. The minds Of tho inhabitants of earth quake regions lose their calm equipoise; they become nervous, and tin; first shock .sends them to tho street or Cathedral for lb ty, so that the earthquake records itself in niall's spiritual nature. Tho Messrs. Darwin having under take n some lunar observations nt Cam bridge with very sensitive instruments could not proceed with thom on account of tho "continual movements of tho earth." it was never really still, it quivered and throbbed and bent under tho pendulum night and day. A situa tion at tho bottom of n doe]) mino was then tried, but with no better success. lt was probably never before imagined that win n tho barometer rises un inch -vi r a land area like that of Australia, tho increased load of air sinks the entire continent two or three inches. Over a like sea an a tho water surface may bc depressed a foot or moro, Tho tide ex orcises similar power, depressing tho shore at tho Hood, and allowing it to rise at Hu! ebb. Tho (dight earthquake shock along thc Atlantic slope Kith August, 1884, was fahd to several porsoua through nervous excitement. Countries where the rocky strum have preserved their original horizontal posi tion as in tho north of France, part ol Belgium and most of Russia, aro nearly oxompt from earthquakes. While vio lent commotions aro experienced in re gions of highly inclined strata, especial ly where mich inclination has been re cently 0 fleo ted, OS is tho Alps, Italy and Sicily. On tho 3d of April, 1881, Ul tho island of Scio, in tho Egoan sea, about uooii, and in less than ono hour, moro than thirty villages wrecked by an earthquake, killing 0,000 people; there had been pre monitory tremors during 187'.) and 1*80, The earthquake of Rio Rumba, in l7'.)7, caine fcuontly but destroyed 30, 000 people with great suddenness, throwing sonic of them up u clilV om hundred feet high. Tho wavo caused by tho Krakatoi eruption traveled 11.MI0 miles in twenty hours and fifty minutes, in 1808 tin wave that destroyed Arequipa and Alica and ingulfed 30,000 people, crossed tin Pacific ocean from Honolulu in twelve hours, at tho rate of four luuulr.'d am fifty miles an hour. 1 Tho Smithsonian Report?, 188-1, con tains a complete account of all knowi concerning earthquakes, by Professoi Rockwood. M. M. D. Montcssus writes in th< Revue Scientifique, fruin Central Amor ?cn: "During my residence of four year in San Salvador I havo been able U write thc detailed history of 2,332 earth I quakes, 137 volcanic eruptions, 27 ruin of important towns, ami tho formatioi I of 3 now volcanoes." Professor Milno, of Tokio, Japan recommends as an carthquuko proo house, a ouo-storied, strongly-franiei timber house, with a light, ilattish roo of shingles or shoot iron, tho whole rest ing on n quantity of small cast-iroi tails, carried on lint plates, bedded ii tho foundations. Tho ohimnoys migh bo made of sheet-iron, carried throng! holes free of tho roof. Earthquakes aro vibrations or oscilla tioiiH ol the ground bockwards and for wards, due to thc ?assngo nf waves sind lar to tlioso produced in a body of wate by throwing a rock or stick into it Those waves spread ont from tho pond or lino of origin, ?ii concenti ir. cildles o H ??.gular hhrtpo qUO to tho character o tho successive impulsos at tho foons: t the natura of tho strata through wide they aro transmitted; and \Q \\\O iutoi fcrcnoo of vibration^ moving vortical! and horizontally and returning. Th particles of matter movo forwards an book but a short dlshuioo. usually only few hundredths of an inch, though Ma iel believes tho displacement may soim iqies bo as much ns a foot. Tho wa,\ usc.If is propagated over extensivo arc* as from Spain to America in tl o Lislio earthquake. It is tho motion of tho wavo partiel* and not tho trnnait of tho wave froi placo to place that does Bio damage. Was estimated that svkero the wai traveled at tho rato of a thousand foot a second, or nix hundred and eighty-two miles an hour, tho movement of tho par ticles of matter was oidy twelve feet per second, or eight miles an hour. Scientists attribute thc origin of earth quakes to tinco causes. 1st. To tho action of tho sun and moon on tin; moiton mass in tho interior of tho earth, causing tides in it which produce tho shocks. This theory is now abandoned, or this causo is thought to be no longer active. 2d. To volcanic action. Tho pr?sure of gas and steam producing explosions ami eruptions and consequent convul sions of the surrounding earth. This is a real and eflloicnt causo in volcanic re gions, but does not account for earth quakes where there is no evidence of volcanic activity, except in snob cases as tho recent earthquake in Andalusia, above referred to. 3d. To tho action of what aro known OS organic forces-that is, tho forces which determino tho direction and di monsions of mountain chains and coast lines. While e'evations und depressions of mountains and coasls havo recurred at intervals throughout tho world's his tory, it is now thought that their general outlines have boen permanent, amt tho form id' continents is due to tho adapta tion of tho cooled and hardened surface to tho still cooling and contracting in terior, along tho original wrinkles or lines of elevation and depression. All rocky strata being deposited from water, were at first horizontal; but as ibo in terior of the earth cooled and cont meted thev followed it, becoming folded and inclined like tho wrinkles on tho skin of a drying lemon. Imagiuo such an in clined s?rntum several thousand foot in thickness, one end resting on tho Blue Bulgo Mountains at Crosar's Head or King's Mountains, from which, ns may now bo seen there, it broke oil' and slipped down untold ages ago; tho other end shelving out into the sen over the ( Juif Stream, whore there has boen another f met ure, slip or fault, thc stratum suddenly sinking several thousand feet into the depths of Hie sea. Now the seaward end of this inclined stratum might be undermined by ocean currents, causing it to set th; down anew and thus produce shooks of earthquake. Or tho rains and tho rivers continually washing away mountain, hill and plain, and transporting from thom enormous weight of Bcdimont, would deposit it on tho seaward end of this inclined stratum, overload and crush it down, and thus produce earth shocks. Or a downward movement or Kittling of tho seaward end from either of these or sonic other cause might tilt tho stratum on tho laud through a portion >r its whole extent and produce earth disturbances. CLI.VtilllA LKT OUT Ol' JAIL. V Horm- Thief (Menin Un- Sheriff'* ftng mid Clothe?. James J. Russell, tho most desperate and successful horse thief in Now dorsey, who was captured in Philadelphia about six weeks ago and brought to Salon i, N. J., on a charge of stealing a valuable team of race horses from Harold Smith, of Kilner, a little village about a mile north of hero, escaped from tho county jail on tho night of September 1. A confederate, supposed to bo William Boden, another noted horse thief, broke into tho sherill's house! and stole tho shorilTs clothes. Those ho put ?ni, hitched up tho sherill's horse and wagon and drove around to tho jail door, ile then aroused tho jailor and said he wanted to take Bussell to the Cumber land county jail at Bndgoton, about fif teen miles distant, as he had discovered that an attempt was to bo made to lynch thc prisoner, and ho must bo gotten out of tho way. Tho night was dark, and when Heden handed through the bars tho sheriffs keys, which he had found in ono of the pockets of thc trousers ho had stolen, tin' jailer supposed everything was all right, especially os Beden called after him to bo sure and double handcuff tho prisoner. A few moments afterward, Bussell was lcd out and delivered to tho ; supposed sheriff, w ho handed a piece of paper to tho jailor with tho remark that it was a receipt for Bussell. Bcdon then put Bussell in the bottom of thc wagon and drove rapidly away. Jailer 1 lurri son visited all the other cells to seo that everything was in good shape if a crowd intent on lynching should appear, and returned to his room on the second door of tho jail. Before ho went to bcd again, ho looked at tho paper that bc liad received. On it was written: The carly bird catches tho worm. I t's a cold day, though, when you catch Jim Russell, and this is the lirst of Septem ber, a bad timo of thc year for cold days. Yours affectionately, Bm, BBPBN. Harrison jumped into his olothos in a manner that would make a New York fireman turu green with envy and ran around to tho sheriff's hongo, in his eagerness to seo that worthy bc broke open tho front door before it was un looked. Tho shcrift was in bod sound asleep. He was awukened and bcaid tho story. Tho lirst thing bc did was to reach for his clothes, which ho had loft on tho chair at tho head of his bed. Thoy wore gone. Fifteen minutes' timo was lost looking for them. Then tho sheriff sworo and put on bis Sunday clothes. Next ho went to his atablo to get his horso, That was gone. Ho theil teppointcd tho jailor a committee of ono to go and burrowa horso. By tho timo oil this was done tho thieves had two hours' start. Not very 'pug, maybe, but just long ynongh t< moko good tboir oscaiHi. To-day ti I dio farmers for ten miles around aro out looking for tho fugitives with shotguns, WW I - ? J What Oeorge W. Childi ?? Haid lo Hprn.I. Tako our good friond Ocorgo W. Childs, o? tho Philadelphia Ledger, for instance. Ho not only lives in gorgeous stylo in Philadelphia and has a mcgniii cent estate at Wootton, but maintains a (?.banning vesidonco at Long Branch, and now contemplates, I SOO, tho orcction of a monumental1'/ superb mansion in Newport. TliOTv aro very fow noblo II.en who spend tho money annually that Mr. Childs spends. Thoy can't afford it. Already a very, vory rich man, with an income from rds i?apor of over $1,000 a doy, Mr. Childs linds it a very onay mat ter to spend in tho courso of tho summer fc?O.OXK), and yet bo keeps no yacht. Howard In Boston Globe, THOUGHTS I. OR TUE MONTH. MW H KKAMIVUII.I: StUUKSTIOXH l-UOM HIUII Al TIIOUITV. Wlmi Work the Uood Farinera Should l)<> ??? Ute Mimili ?>! September?? In liilereHtlng Ani de Prom an im?merill Writer. (\V Li, Jones In Hie September "Cultivicor.") Wc; have discussed, iu former niun bors, preparation for ailerons. Tho lime bus come for planting thom. September is the natural ami best .seeding time for gras.es, clover, lucern, oats, ryo ami barley. We say natural seeding time, because the seeds of thc various plants enumerated ure matured in the summer when it is hot and dry, and even if thc heads are. shattered and the seed scatter ed on the ground, the latter do not lind proper conditions for germinating lill the later rains set in and cool nights and heavy dews prevail. The earlier in the mouth these conditions arc present the bettor it is, because ample time is furnished tho young planto to establish themselves well and (Irmly in the soil before the freezes ol'winter, lu a wild or uncultivated state these plants begin their growth nt timo indicated; thia is nature's appointment, therefore, and is best suited to tho wants of the plants. In northern latitudes, where hardest freezes prevail, snow protects tho young plants during winter; in thc South long er and stronger autumn growth must take the place of tho snow covering. As winter grasses abound more in northern than in southern latitudes, the conclusion seemed natural that tho heat of southern climates was prejudicial to these plants; and one step further in the , samo direction seemed reasonable, to wit, that they needed shade in thc , South. Hence tho practice of seeding ? grass and clover with small grains to get ; the benefit of their shade. Doubtless Some shade is desirable during periods of intense heat and drought, bul can it ? be procured in the manner spoken of, without incurring olla r injury greater ? than thc good received when grass is ? sown with grainV Our observation is that more is lost than gained. In the first placo tho protecting sliado is taken , away just when most needed; grain is harvested in Juin: and .Inly when the ? greatest heat and severest droughts pre vail. Plants accustomed to partial shade ure then suddenly exposed to illtcnscst heat. Hut this is not all. in the case ol grasses proper, the grain crops make de mand upon the soil for exactly the same food the grasses need. Boing larger and more vigorous at thc start, the former over-master the grass at the beginning and get Un-lion's share of the food. At harvest, therefore, thc grass is suddenly exposed to the fiercest rays of the sun when it is comparatively starved ?ind weak from the unequal struggle On exceedingly rich soils where there is ample food for both, this objection dois not hold .so strongly, but such soils aro not generally found. This difficulty may in part be obviated by top-dr< ssings in , the spring. Bill w here land is so abund ant, amply enough for every crop a , farmer could wish to cultivate, as a rule, 1 it is better to Sow the grasses by them selves and not in conjunction with grain i crops. This gives them an opportunity of getting' strong during tin- early stages | of growth, when they ?ire naturally weak, . and juits them on vantage ground when the struggle with heat and drought be- | gins. Those remarks apply with greater loree to thc annual winter grasses and . clovers Milich complete their growth in early spring. These of necessity must | be sown by themselves, or with some | crop which follows after them, but (loci ? not grow simultaneously with them. i We cannot urge too frequently upon ? beginners the importance of heavy seed- , ing; bo sure to sow enough for thc | plants to occupy all of the land-leave j no place for intruders. Sow enough to - allow for defective seed-for adulterated ? seed, and for the dying out of weak j plants. After one nus taken all the trouble of thorough preparation and heavy manuring-such us grass requires ? - it is folly to fail from insullieicut seed- 1 ing. Very light covering of the seed is of the first importance; deep covering will certainly bring failure. But when light ly covered, seeds will not germinate well : if the weather is dry, unless tiny are firmly pressed into the soil. Hence thc importance of the roller. It is almost i indispensib] ; in grass culture; it smooths and levels tho ground for thc mower, presses small rocks below the surface, hastens tho germination of seeds, and imparts vigor to thc young plants. Heavy, impacting rains may do some of tho work of the roller, but in their ab Hence tho surface soil is too lo'-seand too easily dried Off for tho little plant to es tablish itself in it. Romomuor, that at first it? root* start at or very near the surface. It is not in the situation of a plant springing from a seed buried two or three inches below tho surface. Thc oat crop has been so oft??*l winter killed of late thut many arc discouraged and disposed to abandon tho practice of fall-sowing. Wo confess that recent ex perience \\fla. neon very discouraging, Bili in view of tho groat value of the crop, when'it does succeed wo aro lath to abandon it. Wo hav. faith in the possibility of dovoloplng by proper SO leotiull aild cultivation a w inter oat capa ble of resisting extremo cold. What is known in Middle Ocorgia -?ti '"winter gm/.ing oat" docs certainly resist cold better than othor varieties. In this locality, tho past winter, the mercury descended to zero and tho col/.1, v.as long continued, and yet A good deal of this oat survived, and by its abundant tiller ing made from one-fourth to ono-thiru of a crop. In most Holds of i-ust-proof oats sown in p,;\tumn scattering stools eonM uUo lie found, and that too in positions not specially sheltered. Now if, without selection and (rom indlRcrimi nato sowings of ?;cod, individual plant? soring np with powor to Withstand in tense cold, why, with proper care, could not a hardy variety bo proiiagatetl and established from thoso cold-resisting plant?? Wo have faith that it cnn be done, and onr faith ia based on facts like these, related by Darwin in hi? work on Animals and Plants under domestication: "Wheat quickly assumes new habits of lifo. Tho summer and winter kinds wore olasacd by Linnaeus os distinct species; but M. Mounior lias proved tlud thc diflbronco between ti ?eui lu oidy tom pora ry. [io SOWCd willtor wheat ?ll spring, and out of om- hundred plant:, four alone produced ripe seed; these were sown and resown, and in throe years plaids wcro reared which ripened nil their seed, Conversely, nearh all the plaids raised from summer wheat, which was sown in autumn, perished from f ost; but a few weic saved and produced seed, and iu till CO years this summer variety was converted into a willh r variety." Our habit hus beeil to sow in discriminately, ns chanco or convenience might decide, spriug grown oats in tho fall and fall grown oalu in tho spring, ls it any wonder lhat wo have no llxcd varieties adapted to either s< ti onV timo ago we urged thc onr< fui avili ol ali rust-proof oats thal survived the pasl winter. We hope it has been done and that they will bo : own this month, and the same thing repeated fer at least three years. Tho presold crop covers all of our ex perience with the wilde!' glitzing Ottt. lt was not ready to cut. until the loth of July, though sown on th? 30th of Octo ber last. Possibly ?ls having bein thinned out by the cold, and tho lilli r ing consequent thereon, mny bav . re tarded its ripening. Bul nllhoiij h June was a very wot month and bunches of rye distributed through these oats were badly rusted, tho oats bad no rust what ever. Wc shall sow it again and watch results. Neither barley m r rye were killed by tho extremo cold of tho past winter. To some extent, therefore, tlu.so can bo made to take the place ?d' fall oats bar ley on the richer and rye on tho poorer ?ands. With these cover tho bare cotton Holds during the winter and save them from washing and leaching. Simply harrow in tho seed don't br. ak up the land and increase tho facilitiez, fol' wash ing. When green, these crops can bo cut and fed to horses and cows; wllOll matured they can be hai'v< ted, threshed and ground and make most excellent stock foi d. live straw commands ready sale for Idling m horsi collars ami other purposes, but tho stalls and stock yards may well dispose of it all. Olli' soils cry Aloud for humus let us lake every op portunity to Supply it. Some 0110 Ire, suggested that oats ami rye might bo SOWn together-if tin: oat . should bo|c killed tho rye would md and the landIe would :4ill bo occupied w itll a de- ?mblo cn?]?. Wo seo no objection except tho unequal ripening of the two n p , 1 I ns rye will romain standing without waste for somo time after it ripens ?I could wait on tho oats. Upon tho whole the suggestion strikes us ns a good Olio, worthy of being tested by trial. A friend has recently called our atten tion to thc successful culture, in this vicinity, of a grass variously called "Schr?ders grass," "Australian oat ," Rese?o grass, etc., Bromus unit loides or Schraden being its technical name. Ho spoke very highly of ii as a winb i* ' laz ing grass, growing very rapidly i:i carly spring mid produoiug a largo quantity of broad, nutritious leaves. Though sometimes called "rosene" and resem bling grass generally known by that name, it is said to be much large;- and more luxuriant in its growth and de cidedly more valuable. Our seedsmen here inform us that lhere is considerable [lcm&nd for tho seed in Louisiana and Texas, where it is very highly esteemed, It is said by 601110 authorities to be perennial; by others to be an annual. Wo learn that it was partially killed hero by thc- extraordinary cold of tho past winter, but usual cold docs not hurt ii. lt would probably thrive below the thir ty-fourth degree of latitude. 'J liis is the proper moid h in w hich to sow burr clover and crimson clover. Doth of those aro annuals; beginning Qjrowth in autumn Ihoy maturo and die hy the 1st ol' the following Juno. Tiny ire valuable plants, especially in locali ties where ordinary red clover will not thrive. Our friends below tho hoad of navigation in our rivers could have as line clover pastures in tho spring, from these two plants, as could bo seen any where. Moko thc ground rich, sow a plenty of .seed in September and C0V01' thom lightly; that is tho whole scent. Towards the last of the month - e. vines and crab-grass will ho ready foi mowing and curing. Fnrmors seem to 1)0 pretty generally ol tho opinion that pen-vines should not be cut until young pens form on thom; that the ieavt ? aro less apt to drop oil' thou and the vines moro crtsilv dived than at an earlier stage. Ii left too late the stems b, eoine very woo ly ami hard, and aro worthless ns forage. Roth extremes theil aro to bo avoided. It is a diflloult forngo b> euro mid opinions vary as to tho best D thod of doing il. If ono has abundant home room, or thc moans of providing cheap, temporary shelters, it is uiiqucstioiil bly best to put tho vinos under COVOrassooil iis they arc fairly wilted, hanging them on poles, or arranging in somo way BO as to allow a free circulation of an, A loft with a slatted or upon floor is an excel lent placo to cure this or any kind ?? forage In tho absence ol l\& ahovo ap pliances tho vines no av no put in small eocks-unrvCAV but high-and ii tin ^Cather is dry several ot these may be thrown together imo a largjbr cock on tho third or fourth day. Constant re gard should bo had to avoid 0X1)0 lng much surface to sun or dew. ilene, high and narro?'cocks are recommend ed. lt ls diflloult to hav< them properly made by ordinary hands; this is ono ol' tho things a farmer should personally iiiperviso. Crabgrass makes very good hay if cut ?it tho proper timo, which ia just as tho seeds arc forming and boforo they un ripe. Tho soedn drop oil' readily when nintlUTO, and whatever of tho substance ;>f the plant passes into tho seeds is tiltia lost, (hit and euro, ihcrefoiv, beton tho sinai will drop olT and before the ?.I'dki* becomo woody. They arc too in ?all to bo stiff, but w hen old they bo? [anno woody nevertheless and loso their ligcstibility, just as over-ri po straw docs. A 1'opiilnr VuUnry. "An oyster is alive up to tho moment that thc knife ls thrust through his heart. I? he not?" asked the reporter ef ?he opera tor as thc latter opened a shell and loosened a succulent Norfork. "Thc oyster ls alive until thc shell in broken," was thc answer, "hut thc F|>ot you refer to ns the heart Ix the eye. Thc heart is hi the Opposite end of thc oyster at Ibo pointed part. Thc monlh ls near thc eye, and it ls at that cud-the broad ond fj mt "ic oyster lake)? his food." viw?aw?i Hf. - p.i-w-a--?pM '.HIT IN TIIK KKBK." KtlltOI lame- Wal HUH Wolli? Olid Colonel Tho?. I-. Marnhull, mid Their Hiller Quarrel ami Pitchi l-'orly-lonr Yearn Y ?o. ..Political diftbroncos ure Bottled easier nowadays than they wore r half century ago," said nu old, uniy-lui i UH I statesman ton Philadelphia Times writer. "I re nn m ber distinctly," bo continued, "wlien Janies Watson Weld), ono of the great editors "! Hie olden time, lay wounded lit tho United ?States Hotel on Chestnut (ni t. near F?urth. ile was shot in a lui I within twouty-llvc miles of Hie city in a kentucky statesman, Colonel Thos. F. Marshall, son of Chiof Justice Mul l?a!!. That was forty-four years ago Iiis summer. The duel took place carly in the morning, in ii lonely ftold skirting tho Delaware State line, below Marcus I look. Josiah Randall, ex-?Spenker Randall's father, was one ol' the partici pants. All ill-feeling had arisen from i Congressional dobnto on tho repeal of tho bankruptcy bill of 1841. About the arno tune Monroe Edwards was cob riotcd in Now York of forging drafts to he tune ol SOO,OOO 0U bankers und oth ?11 thal metropolis. Among those ,v In? defended Edwards in court was ?olonel Tom Marshall. An editorial laragraph from tho pen of Colonel \V< bb, published in tho New York Cou ior ami Eiirp?ror during tho famous rial, road as follows: "We learn that lion. J. F. Marshall, after wauch ring tbout tin: country for some thirty days, ccturing on temperance and giving bis ixpeiicncoas a devotee of the bottle, l is ret urn, d to defend tho notorious Monroe Edwards. For bis forty days' ncc le' will draw from the Treasury WI I for making u mouutc-bank of liim olf and devoting his time in advocating ho claims of a notorious scoundrel." Ll addressing tho jury Mar.-indi adverted 0 this attack, ami spoin; in a meaning ray of charges made against him and olfow members in receiving, by way of nilH iy, British coin to tho music of ?100,000 ?pice. Thedefeatof his client ud other grievances were, too much for ioutlu m blood, and tho satisfaction thon 1 ?nally exacted among gentlemen was lemand. After sume .skirmishing a meeting was icld in Wilmington, and preliminaries I. Tho arrival of tho parties bo oming noised abroad, by a clear re ma uto ilratngcm thoyout-manoouvorcd gal vigilance. Dr. Carr and Dr. Gib? u ol Frofessor Gibson of this city, railed on thc ?ix-foot-two Kentuckian, .bile Major Morri ll, proprietor of the "ourier, and Dr. Tuokor, a Virginian, Len residing here, did the honors for tn ! Wi bb, Josiah Bundall was >resenI asa friend of the editor. Ho ats then, like Colonel Webb, a staunch Y big. By daybreak ten paces were iciisurcil olV, and a stone plaeed at thc xtremitics of the linc. Major Morrell lissi d ii coin for choice of position. The il ver tailing in tho grass caused some ontrovcrsy, but Marshall settled it by inpatiently calling out to his second: '(live it to them, doctor. I came here o have ?i shot ut him, and 1 do not m an to be bullied by trilles." "We ask ?on to give nothing," proudly answered he Major. "Wo ask but what is rigid, igain the coin spun upward and fortune ras again with tho New Yorker. Thc uolists and Hu ir friends were searched, coordina to stipulation. "Gentlemen, ie you ready?" sang out tho Major, as lie sun was struggling into light, rn," aid tho Colonel. "I am not," put il Marshall, now the object of general bservalioii. With a searching, earnest ink at Colonel Wohl), ho Hung oil* Iiis oat and slowly lifted his hat and tossed aside. ".Now, sir, 1 am ready." Tin lajor distinctly commando*,1?! "Fire ne, two, three." Tho ?imulti'.Vuous re ort made some boUove at first that only nu had tired. Both were wide of the unk. "Another shot!" shouted Marshall, Hising bis pistol, Again came the sig al and Colonel Webb was observed lightly staggering. He was prevented rom falling by one of the seconds. pi .i tin,-surgeon reporting to Marshall lint Colonel W ebb w$V3 W muled below lie kmc. be ihimdorod out: "Hit in Ure nee! lt is tho damndest lowest act ot iy life. We must exchange another hot; that Dian bas injured me more linn any beim; on eavtii. If be can land 1 v.;peet and demand that we shall >:ohango lire again." The bystanders uterposing, tho matter was lei* to tho urgoon's decision, who made it under lood that it was impossible, owing to lie Colonel's condition, to continue the mtier at present, The Southerner hereupon shrugged bis shoulders and bsorvod: "We luwo no further business ere und may as well return ty the uta." Colono! Webb, on learning of tho do? land made for n third shot remarked: ?I bavo entertain ed no unkind fcolingf award Mr. Marshall at any time, nor do now fool unkindly toward bim. 1 do iot know why he should bear ?neb lin? oinpr?uiising malice toward me." When J.H. hall rotumcd io the hotel ho cower d down Komowlint and made inquiry of Iv. Randall as to tho e xtent of Colonel Vebb's injuries. Hu: subsequent curecr Dst much o? ib; brilliancy by a too free ise of .- !'.;.odants. The wouuded Colo tol was laid up for sumo timo in tho luted States Hotel. He took it good iiitnredly and, upon one occasion, be ucotiously remarked: "1 um confined to nil uinh r Marshall law." Under tho tilt i it i ol tin-Stale of New York ho was ried and convicted, but Executive clem ney hoing evoked, interposed in his be mit. Colonel Webb was appointed iliui b r to IJv.n-.il by President Eincolu, nd while in that position ho is credited ii th obtaining a settlement of tho claims if the United States against that .oun ry, and of being instrumental, througl ii ? intimacy with Napoleon 111., of n.ving tho Fi lich troops withdrawn rom Mexico. A Phenomenon in Cuba. Severa1 springs have recently appeared loaf tho village of Cerhadeliigua, near Ha ana, I he wilier from which hud formed ako, threatening tho village with inunda lon. Several plantations nun factories arc .heady submerged, and the water ls slowly nvndhig tho village. A large uumbcr < he inhabitants have left thc town. Thc ?vii Governor Of I brynna rind thc munt .Ipal architect have gone to the sceno. "How shall a cabbage worm l?c treated "f Utkl an exchange. That U difllcult to inswer. Wc should like to know what .he worm would Uko to have before we uiswcr. A 1M?A.MT VBNOBK'8 TALK. Tb? Philosophy of Hating rr?mii?-!lo? to Properly Prepare Them. .'There is n big difference* in peanuts," said a corner vender recently. "Sonio nut? are large and look very fino, but thoy are tasteless. No matter how care fully they are prepared and how nicely tiley are roasted tiley are still kicking in all the essentials of a good nut. They aro grown on soil that is deficient in some important respect. "A Rood roaster, like a good cook or good poet, must be born with u ccrtoiu qualification that cannot bc acquired by ?ducation. "Some dealers roast their nuts too much, others roast them too little. If they are roasted too much thc oil is de stroyed, and a nut has a good deal of oil in it. If they are not roasted enough, or if they are roasted over a slow lire tho oil is not properly brought out aud they ire not good; inflict, they have a dis igrceable taste. "Home dealers steam them, but that process spoils thc good Haver of a nut. Most of the nuts now sold como from Virginia. The Eastern Shore nota aro he best. Patrons of tho peanut often .oniplain that they find tho kernels of he nut soft and flexible instead of being ?rittle; that is because they have boen oo long roasted, "If you want to get a nut at its best .on should cat it half au hour after it ins been roasted. They aro good for mo day and then they become stale. Some people like them not, but they aro md for the teeth, besides, they havo not ?et acquired their proper taste. People vho are inclined to be dyspeptic should mt cat many; it would be better if they lidn't eat them at all. Properly roosted leauuts are healthy for healthy people. Vu ordinary peanut eater eats ono a ninute, winch is too fust. "Yes, 1 sell a good ninny to ladies; they lon't eat them on the street like men do. in fact, a really relined person don't cat hem ns he walks ulong tho street* Newsboys and bootblacks and roughs do hat. If a mun has been drinking liquor md don't wish to have the odor of it on lis breath ho cannot do better than cat leanuts afterward. lt is better than Atong mint candy or cloves. Thoso h?lgs give him away. When you smell loves or mint on a man's breuth you at 'uco suspect him." THE LAURENS BAIL OlIN 0. HASKELL, N. B. DIAL, Columbia, S. C. Laurens, S. C. HASKELL & DIAL, A T T O lt N E Y S AT L A \V, LAURKNS C. II.i S. C. . T. JOHNSON. W. K. 1UCI1KT. JOHNSON A RICHEY, ATTORNEYS AT LA AV, )vvicti- Fleming's (Joi ner, Northwest side of Public Square LAUBENS C. IL, S. C. J. C. G Alt LEN OTON, ~~ A T T O ll N E Y A T L A Wt LAURKNS C. IL, S. 0, Ofilco over W. IL ?arrot.V'8 Store. ir. c. a KN KT, v. p. M'OOWAN. Abbeville. Laurens. BENET & McGOAVAN, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, LAURKNS 0. n., S. 0. . W. FERGUSON. UKO, V, YOUNO. ?FERGUSON & YOUNG, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, LAURKNS 0. IL, S. c. :. P. TODD. AV. II. MARTIN. TODO & MARTIN, A T T O R N E Y S A T L A W, LAURKNS C. IL, S. C. I. J. H0LMK8. rj. V. SIMPSON? HOLMES & SIMPSON, A T T O R N E Y S A T L A W, LAURKNS C. IL, s. C. Ns S. HARRIS, LTTORNEY AT LAW, LAURENS, C. H., S. C. *-xT Oflioo over store of W. L. BOYD. Dr. W. EL BALI?, DENTIST. )FFiCE OVER WILKES' BOOK AMD DRUG STORK. )illoo days-.Mondays and Tuesdays. LAURENS C. H., S. C. SAVE YOUR MONEY ly buying your Drugs and Medicines, "'inc Colognes, Paper and Envelopes, dcmoranduin Rooks, Face Powders, tooth Powders, Hair Brushes, Shav* ng Ri lubes, Whisk Brushes, Blacking b ushes, Blacking, Toilet ami Lu un ify Soaps, Tea, Spice, Pepper, G inger, Lianna am'. Lanterns, Cigars, Tuba oo iud Snuff, Diamond Dyes, and ott.or U'tiolos too Humorous to mention, ul he NEW DRUG STORK. Also, Pure Wincsjuid Liquors, tor nodical purposes. No troutile to showjgoods. Respectfully, B. F. POSEY & BRO., Laurens C. IL, S. CJ| August 0, 18??. 1 lyj "CINCINNATI TYPE?FOUNDRY - AND - PRINTIRQ MACHINE WORKS, 201 Vine Street, CINCINNATI, 0. Tbs type ?sad on thia paper was eas? by Um shara fetsadry.-??.