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EMPSON MILUS. ?Htcr Hipp Lo YOL. ?. LAI KENS C. LIM S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 1886. big job of Clothing _Baltimore Fir?. FORSAKING TIIK OLD IW?lis. UHNBIIAL JOHNSON IIAOOO? ri i.\n - IOU A MIXliD lilSUAMiHV. * _ An Kinny Henil Iii lori- lin- Sidle \firt('lllllHnl Hoelely and Hie State Uranga ni 'l'hclr J omi 8uminer Meeting on August l, ISSI?. It is doubtful whether, in idl thc timo B?UOO South Carolina was tko lund in;; ground of tho Indian, any Bingle Hf th <>.' ft century hus witnessed within Uer bord ors ii relativo progressin material welfare equal with tho last, ll need-, no com pilation of statistics lo ?how thi.s. Loi K nt Columbia, tho beautiful city in which you arc holding this BUUUUcr Uieetiug. Comparo her in 1805, sitting amid u mu? her population feeding on thc refuse cuttle of Sherman's supply train, with her condition to-dfty. See her waste places rebuilt, ofton inore substantially tin n before; her homes once moro sur rounded with the comforts of lifo, and her people on tho streets ?md in the marts again steadily assorting them elvi s in the battle of life. Columbia in this but represents tho State, and in tin- de gree of her rehabilitation dm .< not more than equal tho general progress. Tho uncomplaining fortitude, thc incompara ble enorgy of tho South in tho struggle to restore her fortunes, broki ll in the lato Civil Wfti', has been Milln ;< d with admiration by nil,ami to my mind present? os much of tho horoic clement us any thing in her history, from Sumter to Appomattox. Aoiueri/rritAi. DEIMIKSSIOX. Yet, notwithstanding this successful progress, and ut its close, our agricultu ral interest linds itself depressed, tho chief product of its industry -diing at best with no suftloiont margin of prellt, and often, in individual cases, al ?i point below the cost of production, which im perils tho accumulation that has boon nindi'. Tho agricultural mind is earn estly and with justice demanding the reason why. lt has been suggested that ii is to bo funnel in onerous ?lliiinciftl legislation and wasteful public expenditure. Others, going deeper into the unaly s is, have sought the chief cause of thc trouble in the faulty business system upon which our industry is based. There e perhaps truth in both these suggestions, and cudi deserves attention, bul as to Ihoir rela tive and practical importance in tho con sideration of a meeting of South Caro lina agriculturalists a fow thoughts occur. The laxes paid to the General ( Jovcrnmcnt, indirect though they bo, are probably tho largest levied upon our pursuit; but in their levy and expendi ture wo have an interest mid control in common with litt v millions of people. Indirection makes it diftioult lo ascer tain what wo actually ?lo pay; and ex tensive community of ?uteri ul 1 nth com plicates its uftcct upon our special indus try, and makes thu desired chango haul to accomplish. With nu overwhelming voting majority al the polls, ami with ordinarily a majority ot n presen tat i vos in tlie State Legislature, State li vies and expenditures have been and remain w ithin our immediate control. Tho sup port of Government is a neccrsity, but every cent taken from thc taxpayer be yond its economic and ctlicicut adminis tration is oppressive. Pms the present management ot' tia- Stale Government favorably moot thc requirements of tin's proposition'/ I think it docs, lt is not protended that liiere is no room fur ro treiicluncnt and reform. With some special opportunities of observation it has seemed to mo that improvement may besought in the direction of a moro simple and aclu aper comity administra tionj of confining tho disbursements of tho charitable institution, of tho Shi to, which exclusive of tho interest oil tho publie debt consume one third of tho State levy, more rigidly to thosi v. hoare proper recipients of charity, and in mak ing tlie labor of convicts a source of in come, to tho relief of tho taxpayer. The inequality obtaining in the assessment for taxation and tlie failure of tho for feited land laws to enforce tlie collection of tuxes operate injustice and demand redr' u'. All of these may be looked to. Whoa Iii position to do so, I have myself urged them upon tho attention of oin law-m&king power; but it has not been indicated where retrenchment an I reform t<i an extent appreciable in thi.s connec tion, can go further ut this tune without in my judgment impairing the efilciouov of tim public administration, or curtail ing expenditures in the best interests of tho pooplo. He this as it may, however; take thnigs ns they stand, and let m. con sider. The Stab' uud ordinary county taxes, together with the two-mill school tax, aro, one year with another, about ton mills, upon a valuation of property at little over one-half its stiling price; mid estimating them por capita they are about ono and two-thirds dollars to the population, How much can the burden of snell ft tax affect any healthy industry? Now subtract from the sum thus taken from the furnier w hat he must pay for an cftl?icnt and well ordered government, if this lie not such, ?nd you have tin meas ure of practical retrenchment; but in thc infinitesimal proportions of tho saving made win n distributed among the indi vidual farmers have you found adequate relief fro/u thc widespread depression of our calling? Thoro oro other assessments upon the industry of the funner mid lions Upon his land which pus? under tho name of and uro collected ns taxi :. TllCSC being in np just Sense taxes, bleed confusion iii tho popular mind ns to the amount of taxation. I allude to county and town ship subscriptions to railroads. They are simply busim.-. Invostmontsraade'bj the county or township apon bualnosi considerations; stock in the railroadi ls always given in reitim bu tim subsor?J ind?ceme;,'. These in Vi st incuts, liki others, aro sometimes wisc, and sonic times not; but it is well to classify them corroctly. Jf a farmer buys a mule, und tho purchase money is Collected through au officer of tho kiw, it is not taxes, bo causo ?io officer lmpitens also to be the ta., collector. Tho farmer hun acted U> his individual capacity upon his own re sponsibility. Tho profit? of tho trans action are uot to bo credited to good government; nor ita losses charged to maladministration. THE REMEDY. Without ignoring, or 1 think undor rnling, tho effect of financial legislation, oithor Fetlorol or Stato, noun our ogri culturo, I am of those who Hud that tho chief causo of its present depression is tho faulty system upon which it is di rected. Of this system it has boen said thai it looks to sending abroad ovory thiug thal wo produco, and bringing back everything thal we consume. That with it home commorco ?a nothing; ox pori and imports everything. That whenever our capital linds investment outside the tarin, it ia in railroads made necessary by this system, and whose ob vious interest, lying in securing the longest haul of the largest freight, is to intensify it. And lliudly thal under it th? producer is given over to tho rulo of that ches of business people who aro occupied merely with tho distribution of thc producta of labor, adding value to them only by change ?d' place, and that the merchant and tho t transporter have it all their own way in apportioning the avails. This may be too trenchant criti cism, hui wo aro compelled t > admit that there.has been much force in il in the past; that there is too much force ill it now; and, until it substantially ceases to apply to our method*, I run see no abid ing prosperity for us. Wo are too ex clusively devoted to agriculture, and our agriculture is confined to too limited a milgo of production. Tho .standing in junction of the agricultural journals, 'Keep thi! hoys on the farm," is based upon fallacy, lt should he, "Send a lull proportion of them from the farm." Tul them to developing the resources of our forests and mines; send them to the trades and occupations which will supply at home what wo buy from abroad. Build up manufactories of any and everything for which there Is demand. Invite capital to ombark upon these in dustries by favoring legislation. Thus increase the class of profitable consum ere, and make for the larmer that home market, which is for him the best of all markets, and without which he cannot diversify to its most profitable extent thc products of his farm. The markets abroad, tho farmer finds the cuele of Competition widening as ho goes, and lu is handicapped with freights to au extent that confines his shipments to special and not always his most profitable crops. Willi us the list for exportation embraces for thc larger part of the Stab- but a single item, cotton, itico takes the place of cotton in a small section, and then is some talk of introducing tobacco as an additional so-called molloy crop. Hut what WO want are the consumers to take, mid tllO crops to besohl, in the home market. Fresh meats, the producta of the dairy, fruits, vegetables, live stock are transported with a difficulty and at an expense which limits tho distance to which they can be sent, yet it is in thc production Of tho Iiiost perishable of these that tho fanner linds Ute most re munerative results of his labor and the largest increase in the value of his land. An aero devoted to market gardening, learn city, will rent annually for wind will buy the fee simple to live acres de voted in Ibis State to cotton; and when live stock IS the object (tho least profita ble of the products enumerated, because the h ast perishable and tin; easiest trans ported to distant markets) a Kentucky blue-gross flinn will rent or sell for three times as much per acre as a cotton plan tation. Without going further into these g eral considerations it does seem to n that the progress we havemadosince tin ih VilStatioil of the late war has been, liol beean80 of, bul despite the system upot which wc havo worked; that the doprcn sion we are laboring under is tho legiti mate consequence of that system; ?UK that as long a.v we adhere to it we wil continue to have our periods of elatioi and free expenditure when the price o our single molloy crop, from causei which wi; do not control, is up; and on periods of despondency over crnmpci resources, when it is down. We call liol it is true, escape Ibo vicissitudes of sea solis, imr evade the primal curse; but wi must no longer look so exclus: 'ely h foreign markets, nor in any any marke Biispond our fate upon a singly hair. Wi must, by diversifying the pursuits o our peoplo, enlarge the homo market that alone fully repays the farmer' labor, and in ordering that upon tl. larui we must recognize the law o chances, which is as rigid as any othe imposed upon nature. Like the instil ance men, wu must spread our venture over a broad surface, to hope to realize reasonably certain profit. .Mimi ei.Ti iiAi. OAl'AMIifTY. or THR STATS Circumstances sometimes forbid mixed husbandry and compel odhoronc to the one crop system, but in noseetio: of this Stato do Mich limitations exist lu tim coast region, beside tho valuabl crops of ric?! and sea island cotton, eas access to largo centres of populatio make market gardening more or les practicable on every farm, and th natural perennial pasturage of choa| unimproved highlands and swamp, com bined with a climate requiring no wiatt shelter for stock, gives opportunities in surpassed even on the Western plain for thc addition of pastoral farming. I Hit! middle section of tho State, betwee tide-water mid the falls of the rivers, an in that part of it which moro especial! Constitutes tho cotton belt, on alnioi any ono plantation may ht! grown CAC Southern staph; thal is planted, and a of the cereals. Thc soil seems speciall adapted to root crops; garden VOgCU hies and fruits do well. The soil, Huntly loam, is not SO well adapted ( the usually cultivated grasses, but valm hie natural grasses are found, and tl Bermuda is nat uralized. For a past m grass thc latter is unequalled on sue lands, and Dr. Kavcntd'h oxperimen have shown ti.nt, highly fertilized, may also bo cut for hay with cxtnund nary results. There is no question t tho success of the Mi ana grass for lui under similar circumstances. The var oas soiling crops are, however, grow with such facility in this region tba under Hie system of preserving by enc Iago, the necessity of hay from mOftdot for bonn! use is done away willi. Ooh above tho falls of tho rivers, from them to the mountains, everywhere aro to 1 found plantations with bottom lar enough f^r hay and com, lovel lai nough for small grain and cotton, ni : broken hillsides, once fertile but nc li remunerativo under tho plongh, y producing good natural pasturage M capable of b? M y brought, under tho hoof of tho sheep, tn thc highest condition of grass production. Tlio soil and olimute of this part ol' tin; State aro naturally adapted lo all thc grasses that are milli vated. In situations away from water courses, (and they ure few, ) w here alluvi al lands sufficient for meadow are not found, the general character of tin1 country romains the same, and, as in the middle region, ensilage may supplement any deficiency in hay product. Such arc tho varied agricultural capa bilities of our State, and the exhibit is under rather tuan overstated. lt is only because of tin- UXChl8?V0 attention given to cotton that the impression ever could have obtained that the cereals and grass es were not suited to our surroundings. The crop of cern grown by Mr. Parker, near Columbia, and thc crop of oats of Colonel Wylie, a' Lancaster, remain re spectively the largest on record, tho corn crop reaching 'JU!) bushels and tin- oats crop Isl bushels por acre. hr. Ravo nd's crop of Bermuda hay m ar ( ?hurles tmi was bn thousand pounds to tho ?u re, exceeding moro than four-fold thc average crop ot tho I nitcd States. Mr. Childs, within five miles ol' where we are sitting, profitably grows and sells with tho Means grass $10,000 worth of hay per annum. Colonel Rioil's growth of lucerne in Fairfield yielded ten cuttings in the Benson, and by actual measure ment twenty-live feid ol' growth. 'I'he Fgyptiun millet, a luxuriant and valua ble forage plant, is cut from six to seven times and gives a total grow th of l ight to ten feet. The market gardens m ar Charleston arc unsurpassed anywhere. Within the last four years tho growth of w atermelons for markoi has been introduced along the line of the South Carolina Railroad in Aiken and Barnwell counties, and tho profit.- have been such thal this year live thousand acres arc devoted to the crop. Bast year one farmer, Mr. Wothcrsbec, of Barnwell, sold one hundred carloads for ten thousand dollars, Unding hi? market in Charleston, New York and Cincinnati. He informs nie that his m t return, tho expenses of production being included with cost of marketing, was something over 3(1,000, In the saino section of these counties, on the Ridge in iCdgollold. and at other points, orch ards are cultivated for the home and Northern markets w ith eminent success. Hi Greenville and in other counties the culture of the grape upon a large scale is no longer an experiment. In short, whenever individual.; or a neighborhood have broken loose from old-time tradi tions, the ability to successfully N ary oin agriculture has neon conclusively shown. oliAss AM) MVK STOCK. Tho summer meetings of our societies have largely the character of oxpcriouci meetings, and it is in this that in Hu judgment of many lies their chief value. Having been requested to do so, smut details in my own experience of con verting a cotton plantation into a fain of mixed husbandry, with grass and li vi stock as the hading features, will lu submitted. As in all now departures mistakes were made, difficulties ellCOUII b red and losses incurred with which i is unnecessary to trouble you; but b save some younger brother of tho plough who is dissatisfied with exclusive COttoi culture, fnnn traveling tho same path resulting methods will be lively givi ii. 'I'he experiment was commenced ii 1878, and made in the upper part ol tin State, on Saluda River, twelve miles h; .ail from the (own of Newbery. l in plantation contained mar a Ihousaili acres, of which about one half wns creel and river bottom. Of this last about dill acres had been cleared from llfty to ? hundred years and clopped ch icily ii corn, without manure. The high land were hilly, thoir original growth wen oak and hickory, and the soil varie? from a red to a whitish clay, with mon or less looso surface rock. TIlCSO big] lauds hud been nearly all cleared, eulti vated with little attention to preservini the land, and win n beginning lo tai turned out to be grown up in pines, h bc again cut down and cultivated. Thi process had been repeated at h ast thro times . .ncc the laud was in origilili forest. As a slave plantat ii rn, it hm been proiitablo; after emancipation, un der an ill devised system of tenantry, i had beeil unprofitable and the proporl became much impaired. The building had became dilapidated, fences allllOf goii", ditches Ulled, and the arable Inn cultivated in patches, a vigorous growl of young pines over most of it. The ci tablishmcnt of a meadow, tho rostoratiu of a portion of the arable land to goo tilth, and the cutting down of pines au shrubs on thc balance to promote tl growth of natuml grasses for past liragi the alteration of old buildings and tl erection of many new ones, togetlu with the putting up of first-class lenci constituted the permanent outlay. Li\ stock, tools and implements had also I bc purchased. TUB M CADOW. Tho meadow consists now of sovout; live acres of fust river bottom, being pure alluvium. Stumps and sprou were carefully eradicated, the lan i lin? cd close and deep with narrow onc-hor ploughs, Bermuda grass roots sow broadcast and ploughed in shallow, th? heavily rolled ti make thc surface i smooth ns possible. Tho best time fi this work was found to bo from aft frost in thc pun ? till hot summ weather set in. The annual woods th sprung up with the grass were cut ai raked by h o rsc-po wer and carbal off tl land. Tl.?' meadow is Ordinarily subject fre?pient w dd ir and occasional Minim ovorllows. 1 ( ha? roooived no other f? tilization. except in some small oxpoi montai plats, nono of w hich have givi satisfaction. 'I hc Bummor OVOfflow, coming just b'-fore a harvest, is inju ons; if before the grass is tall enough bo mashed down by the sediment il posited, and time enough for subs??.pu rains to cleanse thc blades, they arc, li tho winter freshet*, advantageous. Wh the whole or any part of a crop is mu dit d by a fr?'shet lt is licrfcctly ch an by running it through a machine co bining a whipper and fan arrangcmei After tho meadow is fully not, say nfl the Ki'i-ond year, including tho oceanic ul ?lainage, from summer overflow, fe to Uv?: tliousaiiil pounds of iiiereliantal hay i y bo expected acc?>r?ling to si sons noni such a meadow. Ampio bu room is necessary to making good lu railroad or water facilities for transput tion tk> market ore oa-cntiid. Hay, bul in proportion to value, will not b? transportation for any distance, over a highway, anti local railroad freights ap proximate too closely tho cost of con veyance l>y wagon. Water oarriago is best and cheapest. When tho location is not adapted to marketing the hay, only enough should bo harvested for whiter ioctl of live stock, and the real grazed off for summer pasture. Indeed, thu best husbandmen contend thai if justice is (leno to tho land UO hay should over leave thu farm on wldohii is grown, except ill tito shape of (lesli and bones. So far, with my meadow in a fow hun dred feet uf n railroad, and special con veniences for shipping, tho bulk of the hay has gaie to inarkel, and it is the largest ami most remunerative market crop of thc fn.ttn. i havo aol been able, however, t<> advantageously send it for sali; further than lo towns from sixty b> one hundred miles away. I!> minda, from its tenne'ty of life and from its well known chimu .ei ns ?i pesi in hoed crops, should bo nut for a meadow only win n it is intended to stay; and here its stay ing qualities are ?d' immense value in comparison with grasses that require re seeding and resetting every few years. Cultivation, however, is to some extent necessary, Marrowing benefits il, mid a thoroughKcarilicatioii every other year with a sharp cutting instrument that does not disturb tho smoothness of thc sod is desirable, dhus far tue river overflows seem sulHciout to keep tho meadow productive. The seventh and eighth Crops have been the largest, reaching each over 5,200 pounds per aereof liny, weighed when cured and billed for market. COHN. Thc second river low grounds on this place ?ron cold tenacious clay, requiring thorough drainage, and from long culti vation deficient in humus. Kuotigh of this is set apart for corn culture, and tho reninindorthrown into permanent past ure Producing without manure from twenty to thirty bushels to tho acre, fifty acres annually under tho plough is enough in the general scheme. This fifty acres alternates with ns muoh more either in spring oats or in weed fallow, thus add ing to instead of decreasing the supply of humus, Aime than one year in weed fallow injures the tilth for the next suc ceeding crop by tho land becoming too foul. Cum isa poor market crop, trou blesome ?ind wasteful to handle, und no moro, therefore, is grown than can bo profitably fed. Very little of thc blades is gathered for forage, sometimes none. lt is loo CXpCnsiVO and is UOI Heeded OX cept as a change to liardworkcd or sieh horses, OATS. Spring nats ?nv planted in rotation with cuni mi the BCCOud low grounds: hill oats un highland in rotation with cotton, lu the ci.(ton rotation the hind is s,,wn duwil immediately upon harvest ing tho oats in peas, f ortilized with oithoi ash clement or kninit. When the. pea; are matured, hogs, ?md ne other stock are pastured, not lou closely, upon them Thc value of the pens to the hogs is esti mated at about tho cost of the pea um ash element crop, leaving its am?lior?t ing value us clear gain. The cotton rc ceivos two hundred bushels of compos in thc diill, which is found to be ai much as can he advantageously npplici to tho aero in that way. Tho oaks crop neither .spring nor fail, receives manure The crop is threshed as soon tts harvest ed, both tn secure economy in feeding ih. grain and by careful housing to SUM thc st ni w in tho best condition for win ter forage. Cut when not over ripe am .tired without or with little rain, it i: valuable. Suit, in putting it away makes it more palatable to stock, Tin richi of oids has varied with nason from twcnly-livu to forty-seven bushel lier acre. COTTON. The United States department ofagri uilturo ia 1870 estimated Ihc nvorag kield ol* COttOll Ul the South ;.t Hil pounds of Uni per acre, and thc cost o production at Dj cent' per pound. Mi licndcrsoii, the commissioner of n gr icu I ure in (leorgia, is quoted us placing th .lop of Inst year ( 1885) in that State a 150 pounds of lint, and the ced pi lound at il cents. 'the average yield i South Carolina varies little from that il .borgia, ?uni there is with nu- no dolli >f tho near approach to accuracy of th intimates of cost made on the basis < hat rate of production. "Many of th h ms of expense, however, ?ire fixed, an (rilli a larger yield thu cost per p.mn lecrcases. In Hammond's Hand Koo >f South Carolina arc given in detail th expenses of two crops grown in insu me in Newberry of 400 pounds of lir md one in Fairfield of 300 pounds to tl icro; the li rut cost 0 \ cents and thc la i 0-10 cents per pound. In thc san sear I kept for my own satisfaction .art ful account with tint cotton crop 0 this farm; tho yield, better than usun ivas 410 pounds of lint to tho acre ?ni ihc cost 04-10 cents por pound. The: ligures show that, with middlings rulin it from '.I to lt) cents ut thc seaport 'ottoii hy itself can be no pronto!) ?rop. Analyzing tho items of oxponi n my accounts I lind that :t fi-10 cent >r something over half, was in inanur neat ami bread for tho laborers, ai food for plough animals, '''hese und he system of mixed husbandry are nun in the farm und sold at full price to tl .ottoii crop, lt is inst herc that in ai mell syst?tn nt the South, cotton com n, and planted only to a proper oxtoi s valuable If ??d?* only at tho cost irodnotion. it has purchased thc manar 'rom the liva stock, and turned in nonoy tho provision crops or tho mo tito which they have been previous ion verted. These aro some unsaloabl md others marketed with diftloul! vhilc in Unit respect cotton is u .quailed, lt is transported with mo acility ami less waste than almost to ?Hier farm product, and is aa readily e ;11 an ^ed fur enid ns the not?- of a solve .auk. The limit of the cotton crop he extent to which tim compost ma >n the pince, will go, some thirty to fi y 00r0S? and tho seed is all fed t., "he ?r working oxen; nono of dis used < .colly as a fertilizer. TntNii'H, un:, BABXitf ANO eiiOvan, About ?ix acres of nita baga tumi ire SOWn ftiuiually on land upon whi i tock have been recently hurdled. Tl s snffloicnt for tho flock of sheep vliich it is fe<l. Larger crops, with dew lo fulling also to cattle and hoj lave been tried and abandoned. '1 uta boga remains sound in the field viator and ia dug as fed. Barloy I ?ini'iB'iui 111 H m II ii>TiWiiaiii-I ii* ?i'i II " 'tr i i rniTin soiling, sun! rye ?tn?! re?! clove r for graz ing, ni'O tsown. Though good for this purpose, ryo docs not do UM WCU UH <>I> tho BftlKly loams of tho lower country. Barley ts highly rcmunomtivo for carly spring soiling, ami roil cloves' sow:1 UH :i si 'pa rsi t e crop on hurdled Isms! has never failed to catch, stud do? s sis well as I have, ever BCOII it in Virginia Ol' Ken tucky. From forty to fifty uorcs are now set aside for Hu SO crops. LMSTUli VOE, There aro, ns st?it< il, seventy -llvo ocr? H in meadow, ouo hundred acres in corn culture, llfty heilig plantel alternate years, eighty acres in Ino cotton and ont rotation, und say tiny acres in small crops. The remainder is p< i mam ml pasturo or forest. Of this nour 100acres is recently cultivated laud, thoth bot toms nial highluiiil, ) ol highland known willi usas "oldfield," upon which ail the ihort-lcnved pine has heen cul down and tho young deciduous trees let! ror simile. This cons!itute.s the summer pastures. Hs cultivation consists in keeping down shrill) growth and an an imal spring scorching off ol dead gra s. I nder this treatment thc Soil ot naturi! grasses ha - steadily improved, lt car ries, including cattle, sheep, hogs and colts, some live hundred head of stock. A separately fenced pasture is m cossurj for the hogs during the lambing s< asou. In (ne winter the gleanings of tin corn Holds, tho aftermath of tho meadow ami the canebrakes ol' tho swain]) fun --t. (which are not grazed in summer,) are a valuable resource. sitian-. Commencing with llfty nativo ami llfty Southdown owes, broad-tail td hucks were bred to them and their female progeny for four year-. Tin ti a pure ?ired Southdown buck was pul with the Hook and recently a Shropshire has li,, n added, the broad tailed being withdrawn t" the sallie extent. 'lile muilhor of bleeding ewes was increased m neal' three hundred. These were found to be loo mnuy, mid two build red adopted as tho right number without further pro vision of special pasturage. I'he llock has boon kopt principally for tho lamil market and the product of wmd i.. ,? ec ondary object. Barron ewes are culled for sal?-; breeding ewes lune boon gi ncr ally kept os long as they wer- f. rlilo. In nine yesos three shel p hilve been los! by dogs, none by theft, 'l in re ha been ?1 little scab and otherdisi ase of a purndu character. No 1 pid< mic of any Lind some deaths from accident, sonic from old ago, and n few from unknown cai The loss of grow 11 sheep from all th. M causes lue. varied ?ion ". tu io por cent., with sm average of less than p. r cent Tin- number of lambs roared in propor lion to owes lias nvorug?'d SI per coat, Fnun Christina : till mi Idle of April tin llock receives as much hay us il w ill cat Clctlll ?lt night, with, JU T head, a pint e cotton seed ono night and otu- large tur nip sliced up tho next, Al other tina it subsist upon the pasturage lu retofon indicated. From early spring indi Christmas the sh tcp arc hurdled in opel movable pi ns; in \.?ti!- r th y ai ; ard. . al night upon litter with sheds provide? that they can us,- a! pl' asure. ?A ITI.f. Cattle have b ? it br< d chiefly for lu 1 und work animais, tho calves gottillf nearly ?ill tin- milk from then dams Recently a dairy for tho salo <>i bullo lias boen undertaken with success thu far. Selected nativo cows were bred (. i I levon bull w ith il Brahmin cross. Th? udf-brcd heifers wore bred to a alu.it liorn bull willi a like Boil nu in cross, 11 . now a pure-bred Dovoii i> being u ed I'he result has been rapid itilprovcmi a md a handsome herd of general purposi .attie. No further crossbreciling h e. . emplatcd. Devon bulls will lu- n ed n futuro. About llfty lu sui of i .sf. ' ;.: kept. The straw crop and onie second Li lass hay is rcservwl for thoir usc in bin iventher in winter, and when high walo coops thom from tin- canebrakes. Tho, dso in winter ?ne yarded ?il nigh! u il ter with adjacent shel tel", mid ar 111 rd led in summer alongside ol bul 11? ivith the sheep. In hurdling, the lan s ploughed before and after tho stn lt i lilt upon it. The size ol' the pens is ie ermined bj tho number of stock, upo i calculation thal ono cow is cipuil t bree sheep and that live hundred sin e viii in seven ?lays manure nu acre. Th s moro than profit, and other writci ?onsidor a fair dressing, lt is believe o bo tho equivalent of ni leas! seven < light hundred pound of first-class fe ilizcr, and the permanency of -i - cfleo ivith fair after treatment, is such thai s thought to add len dollars per acre I ,1)0 value of the land. Tin manure ' mimais is applied bj hurdling at om :lnr?l of the expense of compost. COLTS. Colts l?ivc been the hast p roll tab .tock handled. Both mules and hors? lave cost nearly their tull value to roi hem. Some are still I red both for tl iloasnro in dealing; with them, ami I) .anse thoy too purchase the grui:; ai 'omg" crops at full value Mille col >ay hotter than horse colts ol tho con non breed. noes, Hogs have given satisfaction on tv lifforont plans. First; Keoping on -nougli to be reared 011 natural pastil ig?- ami tho waste of tho place, roooh il nain only when put up to fallen f Daughter; and second, (which is nc . referred, ) keeping enough to mal hem tho chief pliroltOSOrS of the COI now 11 and tho clover and poa 0t0\ This ls the only stock not careful rarded every night during tho year, ai herc luis boon little if any loss by tin Jo far, thoro has bu n immunity fro pideiiiic diseases. Ks.se x and Borltijhi (rados aro used, and s d , on foot, ..om eight to txyeiyo months bid, ha icen f/.i.u.a mo-it profitable. WORK ANIMALS ANO SIAClIlNBRY, Six largo and active mules ?.".> need, ,nd flvo yoke of ove, ..,e kent prinoip y for team i y^,. 1*11080 Inst aroOCOasfi ily ploughed, hut are utterly unlit 1 michinos. Tho hay harvesting E&achil ised aro: 8 mowers, 2 Bulky lukes, eddor, '2 hay OfyfttorS, 1 hay duster a Dedo';'.;"!? press. A self-binding rcapi , Chicago screw pulverizer, and ?;. No orn-mul of tho American (Iriudi !oinpany liavo given satifaction. T nan ager must bo moro or h's? of u n hame, ami a shop well equipped f>" 1 mira bo kept 011 tho pince. The w< nd tear of machinery and (mplomon Deluding blacksmith and v hoolwrh rork and motcrial use?l in pair, 1 ?eon 15 per cent, on iirst cos. li t work bc dono promptly aud OH thorough ly UH possible, it will, including matcr'nl, ho lihou! <s poi* Cont., and tho remaining 7 poi' ?? ut. will express tho insidious cll'cct of ago which repairs .short of re construction cannot nach. Theso calcu lations lin based upon careful and judi? eious n i-, ?md shelter al all times when not in tin- H?hl. I. VllOltKltS. Ono aotivo and reliable negro hus charge of all UK- live stock, including work animals when at pasture. Ile basa collie to assisi him. Other lahorers are aol ullowod lo koop dogs. About three? fourths of this man's timo is thus occu l>ii i. Hcsido thc manager, ono whito man is foreman and assistant; six negro laborers, including stockman, are ein ; li ycd by tho year, ?lol? labor oquivn leni to Hie work ol' four laborers for tho yt ar is hired at ditVcreiit seasems, as m oded. CON! IJUSION. Under this system separate Recounts villi each crop show that, per acre cull i - vated, hay i- tin most proiltublo; oats next, cotton next, anti then corn. Of (ho live stock, in proportion to capital invested :n each, hogs, sheep, cattle, colts, have provon remunerative in tho . nier mimed, linell product of thu tarni, !i iwever, supplements tho other, and 1 am by n>> means sure that a huger (lovel i melli ol ?my ?nie would not, under present conditions, injuriously ailed its shuni i ti . us given. What luis hoon writ ten of this experiment is bused upon tlio data of the previous eight years. Tho unprecedented rains ami freshets of the last two months of this year have been damagingly fell there as elsewhere in thi.. ami adjacent States. It is too curly to Speak positively, hut 1 have reasunto think that in tile face td a common cai.unity tin- result will COU ll rm tho adage that ' lt is host not to carry all of our eggs in tin- sanie basket." t o\<?ui->H>!K\ tum noVT ow . Mit i linill , ul lilt' 4 'n |>l t ll 1 Hove Plltlllll 'I Item Oui nuil un-1 '(ireful. i W iel I Huton Notes ia l'Utnluirg Dlnpntcb.) Koine i [ticer things can bc seen about tho Capital during tho last days of thc ion, Ono of the queerest is the crowd ol' collectors. Coining to Con gr? . my he an honor, hut it cannot he sail1, tn make nu n honorable. The uver uge of dead heats in Congress is quite as gr< a' ic < nitsido. i )n the last days of thc iou v u will liinl a swarm ol florists, livery stable men, hotel and hoarding honsi keepers, constables ami proies si mul collectors, swarming thefeorridors, looking atlee delintpionl mombcrs ami Iryillg to catch them in the halls. There uro members who systematically rob le h-ls mill haberdashers and al) sorts ol Iradi smell ighl and left. Nothing eau he I idly done with a member of Con fur obtaining monoy under false pretenses, though it is a juilahle oll'cnsi when committed hy common peoplo, The only remedy is to make the transite ? tina known. If tho records of tho Con : ii ssi< mil dead heats could hu printed ? Doti many people would lu- astonished ! !.. i os! reckless prodigality in luxu rio . -iich as carriages, dowers, wines, ei rs, i te., is tin- usual life til' tho Con. ii sioiial heat. There are poor mer and '.Voliten hero who have catered tt tin i members with tin; ?dca that mci holding such honorable positions must l necessity 1><- honest, who have tried ir Vain lo collect what is tlllO thom, Thcsi tupi t act nally sillier for the uccossarioi if lifo, while thc Congressional dobton ire aping; men of v.t ulth in high living . ant-at-arins' olltco coull loll i lisgi ie. ml stoi'v of bogus checks, dupli ?ated drafts aitu violated obligations-t h : . h i unplcasanl to print. Tia nut I ? oil restaurants, and even tin I inri tor shops, would simply repeat tin dory. I was standing in tlio livery ollie? it A illard's the other d?iy, about to eal ior a coupe, when a Northern Congress tuan hurried up ami asked very per implorily lor a carriage '.Haven't got ono, ?onoml," said th' igont, blandly. ".Surry, hut ovorythinj is oui." As soon as the member weill away th i ? . m inquired if I would have tho count "That's all right," he remarked; "?cv {ot picul** of carriages, hut he's a dont at, Novel pays for anything. Why i've gill a hill against him in here tw veals i.l.i. The gall of the man!" "Are tocrc many such men in Cou "Yes, quito a number; vo'vo bee duck oft on henton out of hundreds c h '!..i.. by both Senators ami momlxin l'Ile*, are the worst customers in tin ?iy, because you can't force, collection! I'liev hardly ever have anything nan han their doilies; you can't arrest an Ul nish diem; you can't garnishee the lalanes. Ami tho airs they give then ?elves! We are very careful about tins ng Congressmen, rtoll you!" .ttiiie Our MIKIII Write M Hhorl .\ovol froniThl 1 hoard to-dnv tin? story of n Tn 'hilt factory girl which hus elements < he wonderful in it. A new hotel, toi 'ulled tho I lui'wick House, is hiing hui it llutlaiul, Vt., at a cos! (d' $25,000 I .. 1,000, A tonner Troy laundry girl he capitalist in this venture, ulthour In house is named after her hrothc vho is tho ostonsiblo proprietor. II niiin is Mrs. Phoebe Churohill, WI narricd an ofllcor of the United Shit Vavy, who was blown nj) in a prevnatu explosion ut Hell ( hito at soniv. stage hut improvement. Two womon cat tu ward to claim Ut', J. ns husband. () VUS from Houib Carolina. Ile was Vi vii villi I"-. ut Sew York. Tin? other \\ hid Troy girl, ?iud she succeeded in i uhlishing tho validity oi horolaim a . curing $2,000 insurance on his lifo. !Onsidora\\\e sun? of money that v .ai'-.'.i in New York was divided bet we in-two women. Mrs\ Churchill hnvi cnown somothing oi the laundry bu u ss ut Troy, entered Into nwrtnorsl vii'n ., gentleman of that city und start m estai dish nient in Now York ci l'Ile y now have four Ot live lnuiidr toro whioh (VTO equal to fl hoiuuir.a, II t is fi'.... i this SOnrOO that tho money 1 IOM10 for tho construction ol thc Brxrw louse. Oath in Cincinnati Bnquivei About 95,000 deaths fri aa typhoid fe II i ur in ?h?.-, eotuiiiV annually, says [fedieal /?'i ni?!, und this represents ft 50,000 casca of die Asease, statis how (h il '.lure la no disease so easily | enteil ii ; thia, and ll is safe to say that me half ol (his mortality might he sn >y glentor. eltmollUOM and moro ntteol o sewage. - Mount i:nin ? Outbreak. Thu present outbreak seems to bo on a stupendous scale, tboUgb as yet it h:ia done comparatively trilling damage. Wo bear of a Hood ol' lava, two or throe milos in breadth, moving downward with accelerated rapidity as it rolls ovor steeper gradients. As it comes from tho crater on the summit it lias hitherto chiefly overflowed tho desolate wastes of lava, ashes and scoria! which have been accumulating from time immemorial ;U3 conflagration followed conflagration, But with its Rory breath it has been licking up the gardons and vineyards that gU'dlo Nicolosi to tho westward, and tho inhabitants of tho village lmvo been busy saving their property Uko so many startled ants, uncertain from ?lay tc; day as to the reach of the ruin that is over taking thom. And Nicolosi is but ono of sonic seventy villages all built ou tho flanks of the mountain and more or less in continual peril. It may be asked why the peoplo, after so many warnings and calamities, persist in living on the thia crust flooring tho fields over those HU1>> terraneous furnaces. The fact is Unit tho friable soil formed by tho decom posed lava is of marvelous fertility whom there aro tho means of irrigation, and it is very easily wrought-ns in tho for??t region wo como ap n magnificent groves of the oak, thc ilex and thc chestnut, the pine, tho beech and tho lime. So Unit tho villagers run thc risk of being o-ccn sionally ruined or swallowed up in con sideration of tho comfort they enjoy ln> tween times; and, putting their trust il] tlie guardianship of tho Virgin and thi saint?, congratul?t*' themselves on heine* much better off than their neighbor?. Yet when you see ^litnn in thc glow of a Sicilian sunset fancy can scarcely asso ciate the mountain with menaces of death', and devastation. Not oven in tho trans parent air of the Libyan di'.serf, fliokc fr mg over tho buming sands behind l'an huge pyramids of Ghizoh, arc t Jig splendors of th?! dying sunset more, gk iri ons. Tho hidden furnaces would sc .ern mysteriously t<> add an intensity of s; em pathetic reflection to those celestial lires of orange and crimson, til'l tho llasliiug lights, fading down into "vivid purples^ make the barren lava beda and the broken precipices blaze in what may bo prosaically described as great I ueadtliS ?f purplo pickled cnbliago. No artist lias ever caught those bints, which aro limply unscizablo by pen or brush. Blackwoods Magazine. TH K LAURENS BA IL lons 0. IIASKKI.L, N. ll. DIAL, Columbia, S. C. Lauren?, S. U. HASKELL & DIAL, A T TO R N IS VS A T L A W, LAURENS C. II., S. C. 1. T. JOHNSON. w. lt. UICUEY, .JOHNSON ?X: RICHEY, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, )h'\ ic i:- Fleming's Corner, Northwest sido of Public Square. LAURENS C. IL, S. C. J. C. OAKLINGTON, A TT O II N E Y AT LA W, LAURENS C. ll., S. C. Olli ce over \V. il. Ci a net t's Store. V. C. BENET, 1-. e. M'UOWAN* Abbeville. Laurens. BENET Ab McCiOWAN, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, LAURENS C. H., S. C. . W. KEROUSON. UEO. V. roi No. TE Ut; I SON & YOUNO, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, LAURENS C. H., S. 0. 1?. TODO. \V. ll. MARTIN, TODD A* MARTIN. A T T O H N K Y S A T LAW, LAURENS C. H., S. C. ;. J. HOLMES. ll. v. SIMPSON. HOLMES & SIMPSON, AT T O Li N ? Y S A T L A W, LAURENS C. II., s. C. N. S. HARRIS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, LAURENS, C. II., s. c. tot*" O?iCO over store of W. L. BOYD. Dr. W. H. B?LL, DENT INT? )FF1CE OVER WILKES' BOOK AND DRUG STORE. )iTico days-Mondays and Tuesdays. LAURENS 0. H., S. C. SAVE YOUH MONEY ly buying your Drugs and Medicines, due Colognes, Paper and Envelo; as, doniorandum Books, Lace Powders, Poolh Powders, Hair Brushes, Sbnv ng Brashes, Whisk Brushes, Blacking bushes, Blacking, Toilet and Lunn Irv Soaps, Tea, Spice, Pepper, GlnfcOr, .amps and Lanterns, Cigars, Toba-co .ml Snuff, Diamond Dyes, and oti.er rticlos too Humorous to mention ut he NEW DRUGSTORE, Also, Pure Wines?nnd Liquors, lor nodical purposes. No trouble to sbowjgoods. Respectfully. IL E. POSEY:& BRO., Laurens C. IL, S. U? August 6, 18S5. I ly CINCINNATI TYPE*FOUNDRY - ANO - PRINTING MACHINS WORKS, 201 Vise Street, CINCINNATI, 0< The type vmd on thia paper WM oatt by th? beere leunrtrf.