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TRI WEEKLY EDITION WINNSBORO. S.C.. DECEMBER 1, 1900. ESTABLISHED 1844. MAN RULES CLOUDS, EMPI-OYING AniLL...RY AGAINST THUNDER AND HAIL STORMS. As Many as 15.000 'Guns Have Been En gaged in This New warrare Along t1 .'O mud Its Bordertug Ilalus-T h1e .RattWe XF.Au FlacO at Night. Trayp'iers in the valleys of the Po nad. 'he Ithone during the past season hY'.e had an opportunity to witness a new and thoroughly scientific use of cannon in battles fought without blood shled, yet ending with rout on one side and victory on the other. The vine growers of Northern Italy and of Southeastern France have begun to em 11oy artillery against thunder and hail storms. In many cases the womIenI have been the cannoneers and the roar *'of the contest has frequently recalled -that of an actual battle field. As many as 13,000 guns have been engaged in 1hs new warfare along the great val ley of the Po and its bordering plains. and government assistance has been given to the combatants in both France and Italy. The enthusiastic reports of those who have taken part in the 21o0el defence of tho vineyards are flred with stories of constant success 'against the enemy, 'hese battles with storms have thus assumed great pract!cal and scientifle Interest and importance, It seems to have been dernonstrated that it is per fectly feasihle by shooting at the clouds of an advancing and gathering thrgider storm to break up their array a to introduce so much confusion in hir ranks as to prevent entirely the formation of hail, the fall of which -during such storms often results in the ruin of many Acres of costly vines. A single cannon on a cenimanding emi sence suffices to protect about 601 acres -of surrounding land. But isolated guns are not efficient, They must be nr ragged in batteries covering many sall ilt points suitably chosen with refer ence to one another, and the system of pickets connected with the guns needs Oto be as carefully organized as in the k case of an army, Many times these battes take place at dead of night. els seeing suspicious clouds vjre the alarm, and imme ns within the s are used, and an 0 smoke ings; dart osnthe * of the guns to tof It ' or more, tearing as 9Mnder the gathering clouds and caus fng somuch commotion in the electri ca1y charged vapors that the condi tions which lead to the formation of hail are prevented, and only gentle and refreshing rain falls instead of the dreaded bombardment of icy projec tilps, The best reply, perhaps, to those who 'doubt the efficiency of this s.stem of defence against storms is that the in surance companies have reduced their rates to the vine growres in the protect ed regions 33 per cent. since the guns Whave been in use. What works so well in Prance and Italy would doubtless ( work equally well in this country. and Professor E. W. Hlilgard has already suggested that the system should be Introduced in our middle west, where great damage is caused by thunder storms. When a begnning like this is oncet magnafobody is ever'able to predict What the end will be. It has long been the dream of some meteorologists that -man would'eventually attain to a suffi dient command over the elements to enable him, if not absolutely to rule the clouds, at least to interfere successful ly with their movements and forma-t tion. It 'is an old superstition among many races; that magicians and wizards' can make and prevent rain and direct the wind in its course. Whether this is . half-conscious memory of some past age of human mastery over atmospher-b Ic phenomena or a prophetic tendencyk forecasting the direction of scientifick progress, at any rate the success of the g vine growers' protective artilleryh proves that man's control over the powers of the air is not all a dream.t A few years ago the failure to pro duce rain in a season of drought by r firing dynamite bombs from balloonsa 'discouraged efforts in the direction of the artificial production of desirable l states and conditions of the weather, but now it seems that the problem only needed to be attacked from a different side in order to give promise of at least a partial solution. There would be no cause for wondler if in a fewti years it should be found practicable, a by means similar to those employed in Italy and France, not only to protect vineyards from hailstorms, but to dis- m sipate the destructive power of many local tempests and even of the dreaded Western tornadoes themselves. That the immense atmospheric dis- f turbances. hundreds and thousands of miles in linear extent, which are tech nically kno -n as eyelones, will ever m submit to .1iman control is far teo j much to expect, but tihe worldl will be hr * pleasanter d relling place after local of storms have been robbed of their ter- r Srot's, and min will be a proud rider 3 when he can feel that the winged er horses of the air obey his bridle rein.- deC 2KProf. Garrett P. Serv iss, in the New Ti T ~ ork JournaL Sc; A socratic saig Socrateshmad some good.old-fashioned iy * notions. As he used to saunter around bh in Athens he was accustomed to say: to 'A horse is not known by his trap- a pinge, but qualtes; so men are to be hit aggem# for virtue, not weath," rir HOW A TORNADO STARTS The Observations of an Eyewitness of a Nebraska Storm. One of the most interesting facts con cerning tornadoes is the record of how one began. The account was Seit to the weather bureau by one of Its ol servers.. Ihe fllowing Is an abstract "By A. II. Gale, Voluntary Observer at Bassett, Nebraska. "Dated, July 28, 1SS9. "Mr, A. Brown, live and one-half miles northwest of Johnston, saw the n. tornado fori. lHe was at work In his to harnyard and noticed it coming across n his field as a light suunner whirlwind. y) such as is notictd on any still, hot ii day. Air at the time was calni. Mr. Brown says he was harnessing a horse. and as the light whirl passed himu 1 Nt gently lifted the straw edges of the roof of his cowshed, but had not enough strength to lift his hat. and passed on. At this point it was devoid of any color, and was mainly noticed by the whirl it made among the grass, straw, and chaff on the ground: he watched its onward movement indiffer ently. and soon saw it gather a color h which made it detinable. Ile then paid . closer attention to it and noticed it becoming black angry and gyrating vigorously, chips, straws, and dirt fell Into it. and were absorb!d by it and a I smoky veil began to envelop the whirl ing column as it mounted upward. "At the same time a funnel began to lower itself from a turbulent low-hang ing cloud of an area of about 40 acres; the column and funnel soon connected, d: and with this union thet' 'thing' took on a terrifying aspect: up to this time he had no feeling of apprehension. When the whirl passed him he saidl he was aware of its passage only by its action on the ground. No color. A black cloud above, in commotion, followed the whirl on the ground. which latter was eight or tcn feet in diameter. This cloud was alone, separate, and (lear from a higher strata of storm clouds o above. When passing his point, and as long as within his line of view, he cs timated the speed at ten miles per b hour, line of path east by south. I will say here that the entire path from in start to end was 18 or 10 miles, and in th that distance it made a southing from W1 a due east course of two and three- a] quarters miles, and ranged from one to e three re Is in width. Two ardane-falf g miles 4om Mr. Brown's pount it u crossed' a large cornfield, and here it flu reeeiteo much of its -color g matter.. the' _ truck trohm' ;aw it as t e bar] ornfield to his nd the loe for the cellar, at der his place was complet of e; i eavy logs, windmill, and nd timi able, in all seven buildings, co etc- har y leveled to the ground, fences upset, but oken down. Fence wire woven and tue terwoven with broken lumbcr. straw, of h lebris of all sorts, plastered with mud. aleh ery fence post standling in the track life rmed a dam. aroundl which was assed debris of everything imagin- i le, the whole daubed with mud; it Am( s a picture of desolation adl ruin~1 rollc imalin the extreme."-Theodore Wal, oo -s in Ainsiee's. ines5 QUAMNT AND CURIOUS. of t Whales from 300 to 400 years old are tIes netimles inet with. Thu- age is as('er- den' ined by the size and number of the set talebone, which increases yearly. rites -- the he telegraph poles along the Savan- beet b and Statesboro railway, in Geor- stor'( i are growing. They ain't madei of arria 'ress, and must havt'e beeni pla nted Bu 'ih tihe roots. They'~ are sprouted 'it cb etop), and serve a double purpose-. i ey are shadle ti'ees, as well as a sup' f mot! t for the wires. the I ~~- foun ivorces are rarely if ever heard of o China: andi as foi' breaking the lihted troth thbe man bimnds himself initin~ three solemn oathus to coimmit hari- ta in if lie prov'es fa1ithiless, while the thies r by the same oath agret s to di'- in er men herself over to tin' eam'e of thie dsman. But it is usual for them pass over the "Wood Ling" without astrophie. A widow in~ (China eannot mrry withbout loss of 1'epurari-i (, s WI a mirl whoi( has lost hirr inten'dd i i 'tn takes vows of c'elibacy in his abou~i nory. whag wht Tulv there' were giants in Colon'al mot? s. One Daniel Leake of Salisbury, They IL., umde during his Ilifetim' and 11% as paid for a mnillion shingles. I ur-er the years Ihe was ac'complishing chry. ictolossal work he clearecd a0 i1res Nl land. taippe'd for 20 y'ears at least t I~-i )maple trees, ma king some(timues SUS 00 poundls of sugar a year. He cotinl hie:tl ;w six acres a- day, giv ing in e tons a t'ur1 hay: his strong. long arms cut a thie ti ithl 12 ft'et wvide'. In his spare time webi worked as a cooper anmd he was a tii' tfoums drum maker. i" knmoti tis a peculiar fact that nearly all der t mrehs favor somie unojuk' piece of etet' e~ly. William IL wears a snmall tin' g :'eltt hidlden by hiis i'uff. T[he ( 'a r en~ th Rsia has a rept'ater' woirt h zoo brant des, which he piz'ies very higly. show i e (Christimn' chang''s her; rings sev- howli 11nies a dlay. whill sin' eiml casily Time as she possessi's :ihMtt '-5 of them, suital la Ito King of Italy always wvore a early mpua~ry chamin of platinium. King L-. (nter'i it of' Belgiumn is a (i'anmk onm ancienmt its''lf piei's, of whIi hein piossissis a too fi cclleti on. One' of the inost valuma- teco01 specimencis is a wva tih that b elonmg~d Durin arie' Antoinette. Th'le Suit ani dons 1ers'i iin shirt of gobmi and silver, and the p1 ands are cov'ered with a miass < lated Ig of all kinds mi sze . a the NSECTS IN THE WINTER. HERE THEY CO WHEN THEY DON'T DI 1o 1Tousefly nnd the Bluebottle Are Short Lived at Vet-VictinM of the I-ro-t-Vultterilies in Xilter Clothed in Microscopic Ieathers. Whiat has become of th.1 flies, the -asshoppers and amnts? The morning 1p is iow a luxury, for the winged rllent that iade the oarly hours iser::b-le 1i1 More, and t1h honey >t and sugar jar are safe from sweet ving ainraudelrs. It was hut :i fortnight ago that all it of doors was teemii with life. ow, with the hint of frost in the air, te evenings are silent. The hardy awk erlcket chirps in a lonely fash n near the tireplace or in the cellar. ecislonally a fly huzze< across the iidow pane in the suiisiine. And if )>u are riving along a country road solitary hunible bee ma; be seen n11 e golden rod, and a l),ated grass )ppe'r gives a feelble spring to avoid itture. The butterflies and imothis iiot he seen anywhere, and where Ive gone the ants, bees, wasps and custs? It lo( ks as if the first chill 'eath of autumn had wrought a holesale tragedy at one fell swoop. lit where are the (dead and the dying? The oiusefly and b lueoXttle fly, the mne of the house'keeper, are short ,ed at best. Many flies live but a ly. The excitellent of escaping ex rmination and rearing their young unds out an existence of 24 hours*. aiture. in appreciation of their short reer', has provided thein with com1 oil eyes. which- see aboit on all des, a niar'vellously aeute scent, and facility of flight which is the aggra ition of him who dozes at noonday id who tries to catch that one fly. hen ailtuin comes the death knell millions of flies has sounded. They ake no preparation for winter. The ajority die, and their insignificant >lies are blown away by the passing -eeze. A few hardy survivors linger ereks in the walls, creep under e door frames or in crevices in the oodwork. It is probable that eggs e laid, larva hatched and other flies eep fr6m the metamorphosed mag >ts during the winter. But some n.t' -alists assert that the few lingerkig es are the parents of h ultitu at appearin. t ,- g- f. of trees n next year. The' cold et:ard L slopment of the egg. which 'hatch 1 the warm days of spring. Some'. -s an unusually cold winter plays >c with the dormant insect lif( . the (u'ming of nature strengthens fr:il cggshell against the power eat and cold alike. until the secret em1y of the siun stirs the budding anid bids it colle forth. ethes exhiibit a woniderful instinct 'aring for their hlelpless young. og a ('ertalin spec'ies the eggs are d in balls of material suitable for The halls are packed away in a to await the v'oracious apphetites ie infant hleetle that miust eait its out. Theu burying or sexton lbee deposit thir eggs ill the btodies of b~irds5 or field ml('(' They then :0 work aind perform the proper of huriail. heaping the earth over body of tihe dead. The young e hatched from the egg finjs a of food awaitinig him on his al1 in the world. tter'files and mnothis are v'ictims5 of wveather', though in some instanc's as been prov'en that flies and .s live ir' the region of glaciers in igh Alps, and a ('erta in spec(ies is I tlutteriung ai~out on till summlit unlt Waishinigton and amild eternl .IThese bultter'fliles and(1 mloths ale ately' associated with tile gen andil othier' flowe'rs belonging to lofty altitudes, andl act as ais ass fertilization. temlperate zone hoasts of one ori w'.inlter butterliies walrly clothed I ero'lscopli( feat hers. And on chelr- " Fecbruaruy and( Matrc'h (lays thmese I omle hie'ralds of spring spom't f like animuated sunhlenams and liv phophlle('ie's of spingitide. But t hais herome~ti( of tile butterflies and s of the valnisheld summei(rtide? r aire a galy y('t thrifty folk in look-. or tihl future of their r'ace., h th(e gar'deni andh cocoons and alids are found in all sorts of y *s and (condlitions. Angular and ; shlort andl thiick, long andl thin, c luled by the head, or lby tihe tail, dowinward: hung hlorizontally in 3 'led leaf, like tihe darlinlg baby in r ve'top: tuc'kedl atway uinder a soft c o'lverllet onl the( she'lte'red side of f itI' post, or1 tundler the edge of the e ilk: within tile warm corner of a hi 'ole, or a c'rac'k inl tile boards, un-b II lark of the trees, ini a ('osey j of the twigs, andil evenI buried ini a 'ound(. Thed delieate yet firm silk. n reads ind themi to the topmlost hies, where, exposed to sleet. and rain, whirled aibout by every mug blaist, they defy~ tile witer. pl butterfly and moth lay e'ggs in a fal le feeding ground during the ti suunilner. The haint('hed larva or a tilar eats voraciously, gorginig si uilti it ('an eait no more, Or, if in ifor further Ixertion., it spinis a di I an 1 m1aWIkes r'eady fore wintei'. si gtill winter01 it ap~ parenutly slum- he its slng quarmters, nourished by w entiful supply of fat it acetimu- dl riuring the caterpillar stage, and th proper time emerges a fullgrown Ire moth or butterfly. gorgeously attireO and bent on holiday making. The spiders, so far as I can learn, store away no food supply in winter quarters. Quantities of eggs are laid and carefully sheltered in ;elvety cob web sacks Impervious to the weather. 'lse s:wks may be found swinging by silken ropt's from the golden rod and milkweed and hidden away in crevices and corners of board fences and stone walls. The little spiders creep from the luxurious sleeping bags provided by the solicitous care of their wise mother, and if they escape the canni balistic propensities of their brothers and* sisters enter at once on a career of trapping and iinting. The old saying, "Go to the ant thou sluggard. and the quaint fable of the foolish, shivering grasshopper and the wise and thrifty ant would lead us to believe that wisdom dwelt in the halls of the ant hill along with the fore thought so , ommon to the beehive. The bees and wasps do lay up stores for winter. The wasps do not provision quite so wisely as the bees, but in the I centre of the cone sh:.ped nest of the paper making wasps Biay be found a goodly store of honey. All bees do not store as liberally as (bes the hive lee, and the mortality among bees is wide spread. While thousands die. a few survive, and of these few it is generally the fe males show the greatist tenaeIty to life and serve as mother; of the race for the next summer. live bees receive such fostering care f im man that they can hardly be countal among our vild friends who mus sbFt for themselves. The thrifty at degerves much sym pathy In that it Is te favorite prey of spiders. crickets, betles and other in sect hunters. In spie of vicissitudes it is devoted to its coamunity life. The care of its young. t2e management of its slaves and captired aphides from which the honeydev is milked, furnish incidents for a tal- as interesting as the customs of any wandering tribe of the desert or any lot nation of Central Africa. A few .ant may survive and feed on accumulatd stores during the winter, but it is ciiefiy the eggs and cocoons hidden aRay in the security of the undergrourl chambers of the ant hill that furnisi the ant population of a succeeding sunmer.-Chicago Post INSURANCE GAINST WAR. Mr. Boyle a Sehese6O Tie Up the Nations orld I ney Agreement. r, of a plan to a by means of rance princi atlons. Mr. eform in ato o . Mr. oyle's Ee rsement of many e-known r uding, it is said, sgvrad state ors and a score of reputable lawye' Among others who I think his scheme universal peace is feasible is Montagu White, the Amer- I -an representative of the Transvaal. s The work of building up. the Inter national Peace Assurance association I will be begun at once. it is intended 11 to obtain a large membership in the t Enited States and when this is accom Ilished to secure some kind of recogni-e tion from Congress. With the indIOrs- I ment of Congress its projectors believe z it would be an easy 'matter to get e European nations interestedl. The plan a will become operattive wh-len eleven of si the leadling nations of the world have g igned the agreement and agreed to en-T force the association's ruling. b: The scheme includes the formation a of an international board of adjusters if nade up) of twvo representatives of each tl nation signing the agreement. When el lifferences arise between two nations el ivhich, in the ordinary course of events, tU would lead to war, this international ir ~)oardl of adjusters is to settle the con b; roversy. This board may award dam- iri iges where the majority finds a just si laim, fix boundry lines disputes and er 'equire apologies in case of insult. The h: issociation adjusts alldpays the finan- ci -al loss to the injured side. nr The associatioir will be organized on n he plan of a stock company and the th ost of membership to individuals will sa >e $1. Each nation cn signing the di greement is to, be charged an entrance Pi se eqlual to at letist five cents per capi- b)1 a of its total populatfor, and will also it ec obliged1 to pay a prper assessment m ach year. A reserve ftnd for the pay- th ients of claims is provided for, and h: rom this dividends may be paid if the to und passes a certain aim. to Mr. Boyle ave-rs that among others fu -ho have praised his scheme are the vo merican Commissioners who attend- sp d the Hague Conference. If Congress ar an be Induced to look with favor on it ati Er. Boyle will propose that an inter- Tc tional congress be called by this er >untry at which the pro~ject may be on lly discussed and definite action tak- the 1. If this scheme fails -Mr. Boyle will ('0 ave something more tangible to fall wr ack on. He is the inventor of a pro- Of 'etile which automaticallyj clearffthe las ecapon from which it is fired. GUD nn akers say the invention his merit, let A Royal Oculist. Ne One of the most interesting royal rsonages in Europe is unquestion >1y Duke Carl Theodor of Bavaria, e famous oculist and benefactor of nig ankind, who recently attained his ma tieth birthday. With the poor people -- Bavaria and neighboig states the her ike and his family ar' simply wor- his iped in many a humble co~age where tra; has restored the sight of the bread- Istij inner, and that without 'e ectine or Jto:n 'manding any emolumnen r one of ty e greatest services whi an can I !r aer to his fellow creatninli FROM BABYHOOD TV BOYHOCOS I saw !. sweet young mother stand Where !:now had drifted o'er the land A babe was lying on her breast, Its fragile form Against herself she fondly pressed To keep it warm. In later years I passed once more And saw her at the cottage doorp A boy was lying on her knee, IHer look was grini. And, suffering Joshua, how she Was warming him! -Chicago Times-IIerald. HUMOROUS. Wlgwag-Ilave you ever been through an Insane asylum? Miss Flighty-No; but I'm just crazy to go. Sillicus-What has become of Vol apuk, that was destined to become the universal language? Cynicus-Oh. everybody talks golf nowadays. "Do you know that you talk in your sleep. Henry?" asked Mrs. Peck. "Well, do you begrudge me those few words, also?" he snapped back. "I have finished my treatise on the deaf and dumb language. It's ready for the publisher now." "I suppose you'll publish it as a hand-book?" "But when the news eame, dear, it is a wonder that you did not faint." "How silly! You know that I could not faint without mussing up wy new dress." "Listen to me, friends-I am no7 about to tell the truth."sald the politi cal stump-speaker. "lturrah fer that," cried a man In the crowd, "Give him a chance"' "My child," said Mr. Knowitall, "don't say tomorrow.' Tomorrow never comes." "It don't?" exclaimed the boy; "then how's Christmas goin' to git here?" Professor-The rattlesnake's tail is formed of a certain number of rattles, topped oft with a button of-- Bright Pupil-You touch the button, and he'll do the rest! "Two years ago, when my daughter was married, I gave her away," sighed the rich man; "and ever since I've re gretted that I couldn't get rid of my son-in-law as easily." "I always make it a point to pay as I go," remarked the out-of-town buy who was placing his order. "11evr soon do you expect to go?" asked the nervous young salesman. Mrs. Newjwed (to cook, whom she ~Jti-engged at registur offic -uu see myj nusban ssol-very par ticular about his food. Cook (sym pathetically)-Ther' all alike, mem. My old man was just the same. I never cooked nothink to please 'Im Ir my life. ubhers oREceivi:s as They U ed A gentleman con ected with the office nanagement of o e of the most suc essful of the current magazines was a the city recenti looking over the outhern field. In the course of con ersation he mentioned some Interest ig things discernible behind the scenes 2 the publishing business. "During he last 12 months," he said, "there ins been a most extraordinary in-' rense In the number of manu crlpts receivcd by the maga Ines from all parts of the ountry. You will hear it trlked bout in every office in New York. It ems as if the whoole nation has simply one daft on the subject of scribbling. Vhere we received a hundred contri utions a year ago we are now getting t last a thousand and all the big iagazines have been forced to double icir staff of renders and correspond ace clerks to take care of the ir- 1 -eased mall. A large percentage of ic articles submitted~ have some bear- 1 ig on the recent war, and are written 1 y- members of the volunteers. They I elude a little of everything. sto--ies, i tetches, poems, personal renineseen 's and historier.l sketches, and we ive been obliged to get out a special reular letter stating that we wouldt >t undertake to even examine any' ore war matter. I helieve most of 1 e other magaz.nes have dlone the1 me thing. The average writer A esn't realize that a great monthly ibliention must he run on strictly, I isiness principles:. We estimate that C costs us ailmosi ('0 cents to put a r anusc'ript of. say 2500) words through 9 e hands of the first reader. It is r nded by three ('lerks before it gets a him, and the first reading Is merely r determine whether it is worth any d1 rther attention. If the verdict is fa rable It is carefully examined by a ecial staff, which reads it In rotation d submits a written report, an oper- c on that costs considerable mone'y. s give that amount of attention to a en a tenth of the stuff that pours in s us would bankrupt any- house in ai country. Yet raw amateurs are hi istantly complaining because every-i n ird of their manuscript is net read. X ten they p)urposely transpose the' sI t few pages. and when they go back ml disturbed they write us sarcastie 'n ters. .\s a rule. thi' first paragralh fi ~ides the' fat,' of a contribut'on.-- o: w Orleans 'Times-Democrat. t A l'etrayal I'nforgotten. a: t a Sydney hancluet table the other p' lht ai descendant of the Macdonaldls i ssacrcd at Glencoe passed a knife, ith the blade foremaost." to a miem of a famous 01(1 famuiiy hoearing the torte name of thme Miardonsaldf Ib'- s y-ers. Mlost of those who looked oni hi n:atize'd thte action as one of con Cr iptiy hadsu b:-redIing. But olie o- tlh >. obser1ves the Sydlney Bulletin, un.- in stoocd the significance and knew "t the UE trayal is still unforgiven, , g SCIENCE NOTE5. Lack of proper nesting places, too little water. the English sparrow, boys. collectors. birds on hats and the eat are among the causc.s of the decrease of song birds enumerated by ). Lang. ie sug:gests protection and encourage ment of the birds by planting trees and shrubs for them to live in. putting up nest boxes for breeding. providing wat er for feeding and bathing, and fe'ding in unfavorable weather. Between Formosa and the coast or China lies a group of 21 islands, inter spersed with innuimerable reefs and ledges, which are called the Pescadores Islands. According to the investiga tions of a Japaiese geologist. these is lands have suffered in a remarkable manner from the northeast winds, which blow with savage violence there during nine months of the year. 'Tlie original area of the islands has been greatly reduced by erosion, and th-ir surfaces are barren and desolate. so that the wind-whipped group forms "a quasi-desert anmiidst the green island world of southeastern Asia." It has been discovered that the ef fects produced upon a body by electro eution and by lightning are whol'v different. It has always been supposed that the results were the same, but the experiments of a physician in New York have proven this to be an er-or. A physician in the coroner's office in New York City, has recently made an autopsy of the body of a man who was killed by lightning. The body was found to be hardened and there were no blood clots on the lungs or the pericardium. In elcetrocution, large clots of blood form on the lungs an(d on the pericardium. and the nerv ous system becomes 1:liable. In support of the view that Death Valley in California was formerly the bed of a lake, is the discovery of traces of all ancient wateir-line running alonz the flanks of the enclosing mountains at a height of GOO fet. Tlhe bottom of the volley is 2W feet below sea-level. The winds from the Pacific cross four ranges of mountains b(fore reaching the valley, and by that tiie they have been drained of their last drop of inois ture. It is said that "no spot on earth surpasses Death Valley in aridity or Tophet-like heat." The lake that once filled it is believed to have been fed by a river which is now a! so vanished. The-UMOTTdOpsits of Death Valley are commercially Important, but labor all but imposible in a place where be without water for a single ho in sunmer means death. - a It Is well known that th .uiratoi m *on of therfl iapen lnl , trees is caused tky a flat S of the petiole at its junction with the lamiina. The lower part of the leaf stalk is elongated and rigid. thus forming a basis upon which the o: flattened portion of the stalk 4an, in virtue of its elastica(y, move to and fro as the wind acts upon the leaves of the tree. There have been several theories offered b~y botanists, none of them very satisfactory, however, to ex lain the origin of this curious struc ture andl the purp~ose served by the 'trembling" of the leaf. H. J. Colbur-n,T n a recenit letter to Natuire. suggests a iew explanation, Ie thiniks the vibra- tI :ion may be an adaptation f'or raipidity s hrowving off the excess of condensed noisture, which is liable to form onr a ki Dr. Manson. the malaria expert. be leves that acelinatization, ab~out vhic'h so much is heamrd in India and r-opi-al counlltries gener'ally. depends >nl "ex!erienice, educ-ation. andi~ an ini elligent adaptation of habmlits," rat her 11 han on aniy actua m eb 'ange ' n the phsyiological condition of th he body. It will lbe admitted by g *veryv one who hais lived any length of om ime in the tr'opies that recklessness b nmd car'elessness are chara-:cteristic of he new arr-ival in any liot country. lie does not think much of exposing ( .imself to the sun. tihe r:in.l amnd the li rindl; the old1 resident is very chary of t oing out iu ithont his sun hait and his bhite umbrell4. 'The newv-comner may >ok upon these precaumtionms as signs of t freminney. They are not so. Expe ('lice ha:s told the old1 residIent that ne lect meamns an atta('k of fever. The ew-comer sits up late, eats, drinks. nid smokes as in Europe. The old asid1ent goes to bed betimnes and cats rinks, andl smokes in modera'tionl." de< Where Singing Birds Are Found. en1 Singing birds are esteemed in all mnltries. but in Japan the musi -ail ciu )Iunds ('mlitted by' 'er'tainl insects are pprec'iatedl. Listening to these milnute the ngers has been for many centuries fav'orite pa'stimie of the JIapaniese, and we 1s givemn birth to all or-iginal comn erc'e. At Tlokio. towaird the end of hm aiy and the beginning of JIune, ->necl es sulspendecd und~er' the verandais of e houses little ('ages of bamlboo from (m hieh break upon the silencee of the eshl twilight strange little whistlings y metallic modlulations andi~ light ills, which fill the air with a delicate uisic. It is habitually in the evening, tecr the hour of the bathi. that the (l ople of Tokio seat themselves and ten to the shrill concert. (I How CrowM Talk,.w A French gentleman has spent two b: inters ill thle highways and1( h'dges of \\ s c'ountry, leam'ning time lanlgulage of (a ows. lie says. states Nature Notes,: e at these birds have:25.~iword(s.expres. g "here." "there." "'hot," "cold." TI ake care." "armed man," "a nest," tali: d rsn forth. na FEARLS OF THOUOHT. A great nation is made by wortb citizens.-C. D. Warner. lie conquers twice who upon victory overcomes himself.-Bacon. The sum of individual character wakes national character.-E. C. Man. Consider it a crime to injure a broth er, even though he be unbrotherly. Seneca. God gives every bird its food, but be does not throw it into the nest.-J. G. Holland. Early home associations have a po tent influence upon the life of the state.-Child. The secret of success in life is for a man to be faithful to all his duties. and obligations.-DisraelL The man who thi'nks himself Inferior to his fellows, deserves to be, and gen erally is.-William Black. Humidity Is a divine veil which cov ers our good -deeds, and hides them from our eyes.-St. John Climacas. The ideal citizen is the man'Frho be lieves that al Inen- are brothes, and that the nation is merely an exterWT6n Df his family.-Jefferson. The spirit of independence is not merely jealousy of our own par ticular rights. but a respect for the rights of others.-S. Baring-Gould. HERE ARE TWO FABLES. Not from Old Aesop, but from the Land of the Boxers. Here are some Chinese or rather Mongol fables. They bear quite a close resemblance to the fables handeddown by Aesop, but the great majority of them seem to be original. Perhaps the est of them is the fable of "The Painted Fox." "THE PAINTED FOX."-A fox find ing a deserted dyer's sink contaiing blue color painted himself a1k ver a beautiful azure hue, and went and showeil himself to the other animal& rhey did not recognize ilm, and -SA him: "Who are you?" The foX 1W plied: "I am the king of beasts.". The lion and other creatures then lid him homage, and the fox, when* - traveled, rode on the lion's back, ing it over all classes of aninW9 ?rally, but carrying it with an -y high hand in the ase 'oxes. After,a time the risions to his mother, te a sai : ' his g of yo fox like the rest of us; if im why not us?" "Like you," said the otter why, he is of a different color ether." The foxes replied: "A* -, ie color, wait till the first monthr.of4 >ring. In that month, on the n.h the star called Bos, we foxes h!L Y? Iwe don't howl our hair falls of. n that night you can decide whether I >ur king is a fox or not." When that night came all the otheF xes howled aloud, and the blue fox, aring that his hair wculd fall off, >wled in a low voice, but not so low it what the other beasts heard him. lius they knew that their pretended nig was nothing more than a fox, and ' e lion, enraged at being deceiv,ed, 'w him with one stroke of his paw. Moral: Though you attain to high nk. oppree-s not your inferiors. Also "Blue" coat has made many a man TIHE FROG AND THE TWO SESE.-Two geese, when about to irt on their annual autumnal migra >. were entreated by a frog to take an with them. On the geese ex essing their willingness to do so If a 'ans of conveyance could be devised, Sfrog produced a stalk of strong iss, got the two geese to take It ( by eacl(h end, while he clung to it his mouth in the middle. In this inner the three were making their u1rney succeessfully when they were tic'ed from below by some men, who idly expressed their admiration c dlevic, alnd wondered who ht'/ ~n elever enough to discover it. The' inglorious frog, opening his mouth say, *1t was me," lost his hold, and s dashed to piee.s against the earth. Iora: Don't let pride induce you to -ak when safety requires you to be nIt. The Century In a Noatabell. 'his century received from its pre 'essors the horse, we bequeath the ycle, the locomotive and the motor Ee received the goosequill and be 'thi tihe typ~ewriter. be rec'eivedl the scythe and bequeath miowing nmachjine. 'e received the hand-printing press, bl)(ueamth the cylinder press. e rece'ivedl the p~aintedl canvas, we uen:th lithograp'iy, photcgraphy and e received the hiandl loom, we be :th the c'ottonl and woolen factory. C n' ceived gunpowder, we bequeath I' rece'.vecd the tallow dir, we be-. ath the electrie lamp. e(eeived the flintlock, we be athi Maxims. e received the sailing ship, we be-/ ath the steamship. - e' received] the beacon signal Br' h 'inenth the telephone and wir r, reivedl ordinary light, we thi Ihoestgen rays.-London, e Ir'isixiani of 24 averag s 'e a~(d stronger than of the ay