TRI WEEKLY EDITIGO WIN NSBORO. S.C.. MAY 5, 1900. ESTABLISHED 1844.
ANNIE LAURIE.
Across the sea a fragment,
Blown with the spray and mist.
Shoreward from rosy distances,
Where shade and shine hold tr s:,
An old song set in colorings
Of gold and amethyst.
A ship on the horizon
Where misty curtains cling,
Lightly to clearer levels
Her sails of voilet swings:
A schooner nearing the barbor.
Listen: The sailors sing:
"Maxwelton brae; are bonnie
Where early fa's the dew.
'Twas there sweet Annie Laurie
Gave me her promise true."
0. the raint~ow lights of LoyhIi ol
Kindle mv skies anew.
'Maxwelton braes are bonnie.
How sweet that old refrain.
The >romises of morning
B1r- into bloom again.
And on the lowly roof I hear
Thn music of the rain.
"Maxwelton braes are bonnie,"
There's mother at the door.
The cattle down the dusky laue
- Are coming as of yore,
And mounted on the p-asture bars,
I swing and sing once more.
"Maxwelton braes are bonnie,"
0, bonnie maid of mine.
Thro' all the mists of distance
Again the dark eyes shine;
The world is full of musie,
And living seems divine:
Across the sea a fragiment.
Blown with the spray and mist.
Shoreward from rosy distances,
Where shade and shine hold tryst,
'A vision and a memory,
In gold and amethyst.
-Jennie Bodge Johnson, in Lewiston
-THE
Forging of the
Daisy Chain.
VVV'VV VV VV VVV
Mr. Travers, pi etending to rinse
tes in the river Thames, looked per
petually toward Miss Daisy Middleton
--indastriusly engaged in packing
dishes. Over the meadow the rest of
the picnic party was dotted mainly in
pairs, as is pleasant to look upon at a
picnic. If the truth were known, Mr.
Travers was pleased to see Miss Mid
die'on sternly packing, for of late she
bad seemed to bestow too much of the
honey of her smiles upon a certain
bee (to give him no worse title) of the
ame of Congreve; and Miss Middle
t d to see Mr. Travers
tai defined obection to hear his
praises sung by others of her se.-as
recently.
People entertaining such approxi
mate sentiments have no business to
be separatei by a distance of at least
20 yards. So at any rate Mr. Travei's
thonghtfor he left the meadow sweets
that sucked in the eddying stream be
bind him, and, bearing the c'eansed
plates as a peace offering in his hand,
approached the lady.
Miss Middleton lifted her en s ont
of a hamper, and, preceiviug hi
humility, smiled.
"With fingers weary and worn," he
~began, "and eyelids heavy and red
as you perceive, Miss Middleton -a
.aan answering to the name of Travers
has been standing in midstream
wore or less mid - on an undeniable
rickety stone for half an hour-tor
rents foaming about him-fatal plunge
imminent -and has rinsed picnic
plates till he could do no more."
"During whieb time," she asked,
"he broke-how many?"
"That is hardly generous," said
Mr. Travey;/ gravely. "How many
exactly Itarted with I don't remem-~
bee'. "fue-I admit it- 'came to
piec~fin my hand,' as the kitchen
miaisp say. Anoiber I wias compelled,
moilly and intellectually, to throw
at" grasshopper that came up imper'
tdently to sniff the mayonnaise. A
mnucer or two, by nature amphibious,
started down streanm. But what would
- you? I have four here as clean -"
"And I gave you 11," said Miss
Middleton, sternly.
"It's better than picking daises, like
said Mr'. 'Travers, slyly.
a like to clean some
'N ' .- - hange
we salwant some or
. Tasno relaxation cleaning things
adin't break" sail Mr. Travers,
discott~entedly.
"Yoi intend simply to be idle till
tea?" she asked, scoruf ally.
"If you think I deserve a little re
creation for cleanstng all those
plates," he said.
;'Breaking them&'
"Ltus split the dirrer'e 4say
'la gthem."
"Yd :-ack a joke a~ ,-~'ate in
the same' -eath' a.
"Deyo I jout take you
out in that canoer persisted.
"It's rather la she said, floubt
fully.
"We mi m soiue of the float
ing sauc he urged. "The grass
hopper .on one and was piloting it
"it canoes are so unsafe. Perhaps
i.iss Maltbv would come with us.
would be steadier."
- hswas a distinctly' unkind reflec
tion on Miss' Maltby, whose attrac
tions, in the opinion of many, were
not detracted from by her weight, Mr.
Travers, however, saw light in the
unkindness, and willingly sacrificed a
victim.
"Without in any way wishing to
#deny the merits of Miss Maltby," he
said. "she would add more than a
feather -weight. Besides, in adopting
an invention like canoes, from the
Choctaws, one must conform to their
custom."
"Which is?" asked Miss Middleton.
"iBased on the tribal motto-'T wo'.s
company.' The canoes were coun
-t'-ucted aicorigly.!, and1 only hold
"Then there would not be room for
Mr. Congreve?" she asked.
"I fancied he was making daisy
chains," said Mr. Travers.
Now, if Miss 11iddleton had been
adverse to the voyage, this foolish re
mark would have left Mr. Travers soli
tary. But she was not. She suffered
herself to be constrained-not too
readily. Yet since, when once the
canoe waz launched. Mr. Travers
seemed to sink into abstraction, Miss
Middleton took up the ball. Since
this is the very simplest story, devoid
of incidents or criticism, is sufficient
to say of Miss Middleton's conduct,
"such is life," and to report her ire
marks.
"You'll be very careful, won't you?"
she said. "F'm like a cat-very
frightened of water."
"What cat's averse to fish?" quoted
Mr. Travers, irrelevantly. "That is
-I mean-1 wouldn't let a drop of
water touch yau for-what I really
mean is, the canoe's perfectly safe. It
would hold five with ease."
"I thought that the Choctaws-"
hinted Miss Middleton well pleased
with herself.
"Ob, yes, that's all nonsense," Le
said, distractedly. "I should say I
ami talking nonsense now. Vhat I
meant was that if five people were in
it, it couldn't-be safer."
"It does sound rather nonsense,"
said Miss Ali&lleton, unmercifully.
It is not clear why maidens at these
critical times are so much more apt to
keep their heads than are men. Mr.
Travers thought it a hard dispensa
tion of nature, and sought refnge
rrom his distraction by joggiug the
canoe.
"Aren't we shaking terribly?" asked
Miss Middleton.
"Not at all," he answered.
"Canoes seem very frail," she ex
plained.
"A girl I knew," said Mr. Travers,
llroughtfully, "used to tell me that
she was quite nervous until she had
tried a canoe, but in the end she
thought otherwise. She even wanted
to get engaged in a canoe." -
"D'd you gratify her wish," asked
Vfiss Middleton, with a rush of dig
2ity.
"The girl was my mother, you
Inow," said Mr. Traveis, seenting a
nistake. "It was a reminiscence of
'ers. She was wondering how I should
some day--"
"Yes, yes-don't you think we
>ught to be going back?" asked Miss
iddle on.
"should like to now your opinion
sisted.
Miss Middleton supposed that a
square, solid sort of boat in the style
of Noah's ark-guaranteed not to up
set - might not be unsuitable.
"But would you not approve of a
conoe?" he asked.
"It would rock so terribly," she
said.
"Why should it rock?"
". uppose," she said, "the man
wanted to go down on his knees-just
to emphasize his wishes-that would
set it rolling to begin with."
Mr. Travers was willing to enter
tain that supposition.
"Then suppose the girl said 'No?'"
Mr. Trave-s preferred not to sup
pose anything unpleasant.
"'Still, if she did," said Miss Mid
dleton, "the man would start up in a
very bad temper and begin stamping
about."
Mr. Travers wa, positive that no
man would be guilty of sneh conduct.
Miss Middleton failed to see how Mr.
Travers could answer for men in gen
sal. Mr. Travers admitted that he,
was thinking of a particular case,
which caused Miss Middleton to go on
tianily:
"Then, again, if the girl didn't say
'No,' she would probably expect-"
"What?" asked Mr. Travers.
Miss Middleton had unfortunately
'orgotten the sequence of her sen
:ence.
"But I must know, Daisy," lhe
;aidl, earnestly. He ceased to pad le
nd the canoe began to roll. "Would
~he expect- -"
C"ntinuous was the rolling of the
~an a.
"We shall be over I'm sure," said
said. Mr. Trave-s, and the rollie COnl
tin2ued.
When some time la e canoe
returned to the me - -omn which it
bal started,th . .aers were grieve 1
t> percei .esi was already almost
ins he othe s observed that
u alit y was p)articularly importanlt
it a picnie. Mr. C'ougreve especially
nsisted on this.
"'iou shouldn't have been making
iaisy- chains, Congreve," said Mr.
Trav-ers, irrelev aitly.
"What does-he mean?" Mr. Con.
~reve appealed to Miss Middleton for
i solution.
"Mr. Travers has also been making
laisy-chains,"~ she said. -The Kiug.
MIicrobes of the Sea.
From the study of phosphores 'ent
nicrebes, which has greatly interested
students of sea phenomena, zoologists
iave now passed to the study of sea
nicrobes in general, and are annonne
ug their results with much e'nthusi
The inference is that aquatic life
produces a more interesting variety of
nicrobe than do the circumstances
with which wve are more familiar.
Some of the luminous or p~hosphor
lszent microbes, for instance can live
:omfortably at a temperature of ze:-o,
~entigrade. Others give out beautiful
olored liquids during their period of
levelopment. Many of the ocean
nierobes are also capable of sponta
aeons movement. As to form they
ire varied and have been found it.
mlhrost all shares,
The greatest number of microbes
tre to be fo'und near the shore, tai
THE ISLAND OF TUTUILA.
CHARACTER AND HISTORY OF THE
LATEST AMERICAN ACQUISITION.
Our Share of the Samoan Group - The
1slap Is of Volcanic Origin-Its Fertility
-Decline of the Copa Industry - The
Peculiar Customb of the Tutuilans.
When the size and iinportan-e of
the territorial acquisitions whichhave
been made to the United States dur
ing the past year are considered, it is
perhaps si prising that the little
island of Tutuila in the Samoan group
-the latest addition to American
soil - should come under the dominion
of the Stars and Stripes without much
comment. Yet Tt.uila and its in
habitants have points o1 interest quite
worthy of more than passing notice.
Of volcanic origin, the island occu
pies an area of about 55 square miles
and nearly 100 in circumference. The
outline of the coast is irregular, with
several good harbors, of which Pago
Pago, nearly cut ing Tutuila in half,
and for some time already occupied
by the United States as a coaling sta
tion, is the chief. Leone bay is also
capable of sheltering a large flotilla
of vessels, and "Massacre Cove" has
a special historical interest.
While the aspect of the immediate
shore is tropical, with a fringe of
palms, the interior is mountainous,
thickly wooded and broken by nu
merous pictures iue valleys through
which rippling streams hasten to the
ocean.
Together with the adjacent isleis,
Tutuila has a population of about
4000-a fine, stalwart race of people,
whose principal occupation is fishing.
This pursuit they carry on with the
aid of a two-pronged spear, with line
and books, thelatter made out of bone
and shell, and with nets made from
the bark of the hiticus, the bread
fruit, the banian and other trees.
The Tutulians manufacture also a
peculiar raper-like substance from
pulp, e-aced tapa, which they use for
the b! .~s and mats of their thatched
huts. Wonderfully carved clubs and
speat . are offered to the passengers
of trans-Pacific steamers, but there is
a suspicion prevalent that these are
now expressly made in Germany for
the island trade. Who knows but
that this may prove a new industry
for enterprising home manufacturers?
A peculiar custom of the Tutuilans
which impressed itself upon the writer
when visiting the i~
ineand tr ining the hair.
The contrast of the white heads with
the dark-skinned bodies is not only
effective, but becoming.
Ihe language of the Samoans is par
ticularly soft,,the frequent use of the
letters f, s and i, in such words as
la-lai. good; alofa. compassion, and
ma-alibi being examples.
Though the smallest of the larger
*amoan islands, Tutuila is considered
the most fertile and capable of devel
opnent. Sugar, cotton, coffee and
cozoanuts can be produced -- the lat
ter, of course, in the form of copra, or
the dried kernel used for the manu
facture of coconofut oil, being the
chief staple of export. The fall, how
ever, in the price of copra during the
last few years from $125 to 865 a ton
has made the industry less remunera
tive.
' Tutuila possesses several species of
Ibirds-doves, paraquets, water--hens
and wild duck, as also the vampire
bat in great numbers, which are re
garded by the natives as the embodi
ment of the evil spirit. Lizards also,
of a considerable size, are to be found,
and it is assertel both land and water
snakes are not uncommon, the former
of a dark olive color, the latter marked
with yellow and black longitudinal
stripes, while others have black and
wvhite rings. None of the reptiles on
the island, however', are venomnous.
Of quadrupeds there are few besile
the descendants of imported pigs.
Historically, Tutuila is enrntled to a
little chapter of its own, quite apart
from the rest of the group. Ozigin
ally discovered in May, 1678, by Bou
gainville, the' French navigator, it
wvas about a century later the scene of
what is known as the "Astrolabe mas
the Astrolate and the Bussoie, uder
the command of the celebrated navi
gator, La Perouse, for .a voyage, the
aim of which was to discover the
northwest passage. After various ex
periences, among which La Perouse
and his companions sighted Mount
Saint Elias in Alaska, and crossed the
Pacific to Siberia, they retraced their
course through the South seas to Tn
tuila, where in the bay now desig
nated Massacre Cove De Langle, the
second in comnmand of the expedition,
De Lammon, the naturalist, and ten
of the crew of-the Astrolabe were en
ticed on shore and treacher-ously mas
sacred. On account of the reported
ferocity of the inhabitants, from that
period until comparativelyv rec'ent
times, Tutuila was carefully avoidedl
both by Europeans and the other'
islanders, so that it has maintained
its independence under its ownfchiefs
almost up to the present day, thus
escaping the baleful effects of the 1'
struggle for supr-emacy among te
contending factions in the other
islayds of Samoa. -New York Post.
Tea Drinking in Europe.
The "cup which cheers" and which
women have conme to associate with
all that is homelike and comfortable,
has found favor in France, and "le fif
o'clock" has now become quite a fa
vorite little domestic function in
Paris. Even in distant Italy the
charm of a fragrant cup of tea have
made themselves felt, and Italian so
ciety now chats over ths teacups and
delights over th dainty accessories
of the cozy and refreshing little meal
wit b much the same satisfaction as
we do,--C'hicago News.
THE EXCAVATION OF UR.
The City Where Abrahafm Was Born
It Existed Thonsands of Years Before.
Dr. E. M. Banks of 10Appian Way,
Cambridge, Mass., receintly United
States consul at Bagdad, is the direc
tor of an expedition now being formed
to excavate Ur. The work is under
taken for the benefit of the Smithson
ian Institution.
Ur lies half way between the ruins
of Babylon and the Persian gulf and
is six miles south of the river Eu
phrates. We must measure its his
tory by millenniums.' Lugal-kigub
uidudu, king of Ur, is probAbly the
earliest monarch mentioned in his
tory. As long before A -raham's time
as Abraham was before jour time, Ur
was a great city. According to the
stories in Genesis, Abraham was born
there, and so was Sarali; there they
spent their youth and were married.
At Ur Abraham and his people had
their first glimpse of what was to be
come the -Hebrew religion. From
there they emigrated to Syria. As .Le
centre of the worship of Sin, 1
Moon-God, the importsce of Ur con
tinued for three and a-half millen
niums, down to the end of the Baby
lonian empire. The great temple,
Gish-shir-gal. the home of Sin, is the
Lest preserved of any of the specimens
of Babylonian architecture still stand
ing.
Half a century ago Mr. Taylor, a
British consul, made.Lome excava
tions, -resulting in the discovery of
the inscriptions of King Nabonidus,
which speak of the crofrn prince, the
Belshazzar of the Bible: whom schol
ars of Mr. Taylor's day regarded as
a mythical character. 'ue work thus
begun, but afterward ,iangely aban
doned, should now b , renewed, not
only for its own sak - but also be
cause the people of Na aria (the most
modern town in Bab Aonia and but
half an hour away), ar8 beginning to
dig bricks from the ruIns, destroying
the tablets and defacint the inscrip
tions which they uncofier. The facili
ties of Nasaria will enable excavators
to dispense with the iscomforts of
camp life in the desei ' %hile the ex
cavations accomplished! by Mr. Tay
lor, together with his iceurate draw
ings, will enable, a new expediti6n-to
reach results with a gb-eat saving of
time and expense.
The present appearae of Ur is
that of three stories 6. an ancient
temple rising 70 feet tahveThe plain.
Surrounding the templ jis a' oup of
alf- -
chapters of the Bible is
the Chaldees." The esti
required for the compl
of Cr in two years is $50;
peal for funds is madelo
ested in Bible study, nihsto
arch~cology, or who desri to se
remains of Ur among tbetreasure
our national museum.
QUAINT AND IOUS.
A Chida'go woman, years okl,
recently witnessed, wi out pain, the
amputntion of her ri it leg at the
hip. Her condition di not permit the
use of an ancsthetic. a d the nerves
in the leg were deaden by the in
jection of cocaine in the vertebral
cavity a bove the joi~nt wtese the nerves
controlling th e lower h abs branch
fro.:n the spinal cord.
When women go to buyia dress in
Jnlu they tell the shop~ eper their
age, and if they are miari d or not,
h~et ause there ar e special esigns for
the single and double rela ons of life,
as well as for ages. The &msequence
of this painful custom is hat you can
tell the age of every wo you meet,
and - know whether shi married,
precisely as though she e labeled.
Captain yTohn Reima reported
to Ecuador the results is explora
tion of Chatham Island the coast
of Ecuador. It is 600 :s west of
Guayaquil and the equat ns directly
through it. In his gt Captain
Reimian says: "It is onti the queer
est corners of the eartE t aboun~ds
in cats, every one of wtl is black.
These animals live in tli 1eices of
the lava formation n1 the coast
and subsist by catcbj fsh and
-rabs instead of ra ther ani
- re horses,
cattle, dogs, goats an 7fns, ait
of which are perfectly .
Some odd things l~a in Cua'.
When a man wish ~ a~round
his yard- or field,/ie d build it,
he plants it- a< 4 gif - oo. First
he cuts a great b die ,non twigs,
then he scrate s a little. nch where
he wants his ence to rund id finally
he sticks i the twigs in row a few
inches a t. The soil of Cuba is so
rich and the weather 5 warm and
moist that directly the tv s take root,
throw oub branches anc4 eaves, and
prese ly there is,a dei# hedge'of
pin trees enclosing thi lield. And
tre are no nails to dropgqut here nor
oards to fall down and let in the
cattle, and the fence is good for a 100
years.
A German novelty consists of India
rubber nails for use in places where
ordinary nails are liable to corrosion.
It is said that they may be driven into
soft woods in sizes up to one inch
long, without boring a hole .for their
recention. In larger sizes it is neces
sary to bore holes to start them, and,
for the largest sizes fort their entireI
length. They are said td- be very use-.
fuil in, chemical factories E dye houses,
etc..* and they are also ~ed in build.
ing accumulator cells a~ other elec
trical apparatus. It i, bid that they
linch fairly well. Thei aiy be nsed
about ex losives where- park from a
nail head when struck jy a hamimer
might prove fatal. j
Kansas has xi07 new~papers, 51 of
them being diis
TURPENTINE AND ROSIN.
THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRY OF THE
LONG LEAF PINE BELT.
Both Spiritis or Turpentine and the
Solid Prodnct Known as Rosin Are Ob
tained From the Exude Gum c.Yellow
Pine - Iosin Used Mainly in Soaps.
The manufacture of spirits or oil of
turpentine and rosin has been for
many years the principal industry of
the entire part of the southern states
known as the long leaf pine belt, and
the business of "yarding" and ship
ping of these and other naval stores
has been and is now the basis of the
prosperity of many of the cities on the
outh Atlautic and Gulf coast.
Both spirits of turpentine and the
solid product known as rosin are ob
tained from the exusded gum or 1esin
f various members of the yellow pine
ramiy, but principally of the variety
Pinus Palustris, or "long leaf " yel
low pine.
The rosin, which is of a semi-solid
onsistency and whitish in color, is
insoluble in water, but readily soluble
in ether or spirits of turpentine. It
is obtained from the tree by boxing,
r cutting a deep notch in the trunk
ibout a foot from the ground. These
aoxes hold about a quart, their unm
3er is limited by the diameter of the
:ree, the usual rule being to leave 12
.ches of bark between each box, this
.ivi'lg two to four, and sometimes six,
Joxes to each tree, the box being 10
o 12 inches across the opening. Ten
housand boxes constitute one work
Mg unit or "crop," requiring from 100
:o 200 acres in the new regions along
:he Gulf coast, and froi 500 to 1601
n the "worked-out" districts of North
arolinii.
The boxes are cut with an axe hav
ng a very long and narrow blade and
ihort and heavy handle. This is done
luring the winter months when other
work on the turpeutine farm is at a
tandstill. Upon the opening of the
varm weather, which causes a flow of
ap into the boxes, the trees are
'chipped" or scarified by removing
he bark and wood to a depth of about
in inch just above the bor. This
>p(ration is repeated every week dur
ng the season, each "chipping" ex
)oing about an inch and a half
ur ther up the tree but maintaining the
ame depth. The tool used is called
" 6hack."
The gum exudes from the scarified
mrfam-ada flows dowtk-into--4bswx-r.
rbence i' is collected 'every four
meansof a 'dipper," 'which
ar-shaped blade and
rage weight
)er ipp: lie year,
it the end of which the farm is
isaally abandoned and tur-ned over
;o the timber men, althougi some of
13 smaller landowners in the older
litricts, especially in North and
scuth Carolina, work their trees :%
o:g as they can get anything out of
hem
The stills usually hold from 10 to
0 barrels of crude and are made of
~opper-. The kettle, which is in a
rick setting with furnace underneath,
ias an opening near the bottom with
i gate faucet out of which to run the
3harge after distillation.
A little wtater is run in when the
till is charged and heat applied
ently at first, being gradpially in
reased until the whole mass reaches
the boiling point, where it is main
Lained daring the remainder of the
process. The steam produced by the
vaporation of the water passes over
into the worm, bringing the turpen
ine in a vaporized form with it, and,
being condensed, runs oft' into a
vessol placed to receive it, i i which
the water settles to the bottom and
the turpentine, being of a less specific
gravity, collects on the surface and is
ipped off into barrels. Water is con
stantly added to assist in the vapor
ization and to prevent burning of the
charge. With a glass the distiller
notes the proportion of spirits and
water coming over, and when the
spirits has decreased to about one
tenth of the whole the distillation is
stopped and the remainder of the
of No. 6 mesh, next through one of
about No. 40, and last through a No.
80 mesh. While still hot it is dipped
up into barrels.
The numb~er of charges per day
which can be run in a still or ordinary
capacity is from two to five, depend
.ng on the character of the crude and
he time of distillation.
A'charge of 12 barrels of crud.e gum
should yield 120 to 130 gallons spirits
and seven or eight barrels of rosin.
Spirits of turpentine fresh from the
tlis perfectly clear and transparent,
with a faint, pleasant, aromatie odor,
and is very different from the ill
smelling, yellowish liquid that we
usuly see in paint stores.
The spirit barrels are prepared by
being coated on the inside with glue,
which, being insoluble in turpentine,
renders them impervious to the action
of the liquid and prevenlts leakage.
There are 15 recognized grades of
rosin.
During the latter part of the sea
son, as the weather becomes cooler
and the flow of sap diminishes, the
gum forms on the boxed face in a
ard, white mass, greatly resembling
honeycomb. The scraping - off and
distilling of this is the last operation
of the season. This scrape, which
amounts to from 70 barrels per crop
the first year to 100 barrels irn the
fourth, produces rosin of an inferior
grade and but little turpentine.
The next important step is the ship
ping of the finished product. The
stills are usually situated at a con
siderable distance from transporta
ion, and most of the larger operators
iither build tram-roads to reach the
snipping point or else make use o,
those built by the sawmill people.
The rosin, which is shipped in very
rough barrels, made at the still, and
holding 350 or 403 pounds is, upon
its receipt by the factors at the sea
port, first weighed, then graded and
after reheading, is stored in open
yards, to be presently loaded upon
vessels for export. The vessels usu
ally employed in the foreign trade are
Norwegian and Swedisih barks of a
tonnage varying from 500 to 1100
tons.
The spirits receive aiather different
treatment, being run from the cars
under oen' sheds ai.d the barrels
emptied and reglued if necessary.
The spirits is then rebarreled, if
destined for export, or run into tank
cars, if for shipment to the interior.
A shipload of spirits when the price
is ruling between 30 and 40 cents per
gallon is rather moro valuable than
the average reader would at first sup
pose.
By far the largest amount of rosin
produced is consumed in the manu
facture of soaps and varnishes, of
which it is an important constituent.
A great deal of it is redistilled for
rosin oil, which is used as a basis for
various grades of machine oils and in
the manufacture of wagon grease,
printing inks and lacqr.ers.
Spirits of turpentine is used in the
manufacture of varnishes and paints,
and to some extent in chemical opera
tions and medicine.-cientific Amer
ican.
DANCERS OF SNAP JUDGMENT.
Beware of Reaching a Concluiion on In
sufficient Evidence.
A merchant of New Orleans tells to
i newspaper writer of Ihat city a sto-y
which impressively Allustrates the
angers of coming to a conclusion
astily and on insuffilient evidence.
Ee says that one day he had by an
icident- smeared one of his hands
with paint, and stepped into a hotel
yhere he was weli known to wash it
>f. He took from his finger a vala
ble diamond solitaire ring and hung
It on the faucet while ie was washing
ais hands. Then he dried his hands
n a towel and went away, forgetting
-he ring.
Half an hour later, at a friend's of
lce, he missed the ring, and rushed
back to the hoet to look for it. *-r
ras gone. He called the porter, whd
;old him that he had seen one of the
bell boys take something -from the
r'ie a !- w min fs nbefc eejMathil,
lisappear through tbiacl dooi of
he house. He told the name of the
oy and the gentlemao started otff to
raise an alarm.
his way through tI a e
- ut tl sname and de
a e had stolen the ring a!d
,eaped. He warned the hotel people
to have the bcy arrested on sight.
Then he went ont and gave the same
word to a couple of police who were
near.
Within ten minutes he had made a
tour of the neighborhood, telling
every one that the boy, whom he
named, had stolen his diam:mnd ring,
aml asking them to do what they
could to find and apprehend him.
Then he went to his store, hot and
excited, and there, near his desk,
stood the bell boy with the ring in
his hand, waiting to give it to him.
He had fonnd it on the faucet and,
knowing the merchant and thit it
was he who left it, had proceeded with
it directly to hsis store to deliver it
into his hands.
The merchant was full of shame
when he saw this proof of the boy's
honesty and faithfulness, and reflected
how widely he himself had spread a
false and damaging report ag'ainst
him. He gave the boy $10 and did
his best to sei everyone who had
heard the accusation; but he has little
doubt that the story -.as repeated to
some one who will never hear or will
not b. lieve the correction.
A false report not only travels
swiftly but widely, aad it is next to
impossible for a denial to fol!ow it
everywhere. The suspicion against
this' boy may remain long in the
neighborhood.
African War Words.
tu o g ist b
all readers of i th .kfrican war news,
their exact definitions ar-e not thor
oughly known. These words are
mostly of'Dutch, Porhuguese and JKatir
origin:
Commando-A body of Boer troops;
originally an unauthorized body of
raiders.
Burgher-A Boer over 16 years of
age.
Drift-A shallow formed by drifting
sands or gravel; a foid.
Kloof-A gully.
Kopje -A low, flat topped hill;butte,
frequently abreviated kop.
Kraal-A corral; in South Africa
primarily a collection of huts encir
cling an inclosure for cattle, or the
inclosure itself; a village within a
stockade; a ranch, also spelled krawl.
Laager--An enIcampm)ient; an in
closure for temporary defense, formed
by the wagons of a traveling party: to
form a defensive inec'osure, as to laager
wagone..
Nek-A depressioa of neck between
and connecting two .iills.
Poort-A mountain divide or pass,
literally a gate.
Rand-A margin, border or edge,
as a bank of a stresm; brim, shore,
Trek-To draw; pull; .fourney.
Trekking-Moving along or off.
The early nomad habit of the Boers of
immigration further and further into
the interior was so called.
Veldt-A grassy plain with few
trees. Plains entirely destitute of
timber are called hig;h -veldt. A brush
veldt is a level tract thinly covered
with undergrowth. The nature of
the grass produced distinguishes the
the sweet from sour veldta.
HE KNEW ALL ABOUT GUNS.
He Paralyzed the Clerk anti Was Himself
Palsied In Turn.
The man who thinks he can shoot
entered a Washington sporting goods
store recently and looked with the
critical, examining glance which at
once stamps one as being a sportsman .
of experience, at a new model shot
gun.
He deftly raised the weapon to his
shoulder and squinted down the pol
ished banel with a regular trap-gun
ninety-nine-out-of-a-hundred squint.
He tossed it at different angles,
dropped it in the hollow of his arm,
fingered the safety lever with a skilled
hand and lovingly snapped the trig
gers.
He opened the breech and held the
barrel between his eye and the light
from the window and said something
about the advantage of using ."barrel
reflectors" for cleaning.
The clerk was much impressed.
He smiled.
The learned gunner talked of "choke
bores," "new 16-gauge," of the new
"take down, single-barrel repeating"
shotguns being inferior to the old and
tried double-barrel gun; of the rela
tive qualities of "amascus,""double
laminated," decarbonized,""fine three
bade" and other barrels; of "half
pistol grips," "automatic ejectors"
and "solid strikere."
Ee expatiated on "nitro-powdergiar
antees," "low circular hammers,"and
explained to the clerk how easy it ws'
.to take out the "safety plunger" with
safety. He was eloquent about "fat"
and other "trajectories." He knew
all about "globe," "wind," "knife
I blade,;' "bead" and "peep" sight.
The clerk was much impressed. He
I laughed.
He gave a practical illustration to
the admiring clerk of "how to stand
when trap shooting, without muscular
strain or tremor." He demonstrated
the importance, where "aperture front.
sights" were used,of having the"aper
ture in the 'bead'ring the bull's-eye."
Then he bought the gun.
A week later he returned to the
store as mad as one of the hares he
had hunted.
"Here, you," he cried to the clerk
angrily. "Here, take this ann back!
You have cheated iet It won't
shoot!
&e tramped over the fields 0 -
Virginia a
at all range at
chippie bird to a co
ave I broighd am
shobUl umb. Take it bok Ii
wil e you arrested for obtaining
ev under false pretenses!"
"\What kind of shells have you been
using?" asked the clerk mildly.
"These."
"Oh, that's all right. Keep the
gun; it's a good one. The shells are
blanks, that's all."
It was enough.--Washington Star.
A Race of Dwar's.
Workmen terracing King Hill, a
landmark of northwestern Missouri,
which is to be converted into a resi
dence suburb of St. Joseph. have un
earthed a prehistoric cemetery, says
the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. The
remains of a race of dwarfs not allied
with any tribe known to have inhab
ied -this territory and unaccounted
for by Indian legends, reposed on the
summit of the hill, which rises ab
ruptly from the Missouri river bottom
to a height of 1000 feet.
Low, fiat heads, with small intelli
gence and marked animal propensities,
characterized this people. Heavy laws
and. well preserved teeth carry the
records of their lives forward, in
hbumane, self-reliant, unbridled by
.brain or conscience, they were savages
of a lower order than we know today.
Yet they honored their dead, as is
shown from the arrangement of the
graves and the objects found in them.
The ravages of time have left but
fragmenary parts upon the skeletons,
which crumble into ashes upon expo
sure and handling.
King Hill, in the early days of St.
Joseph, was a desolate place. From
one side the pioneers quarried stone
used in building, walling wells and for
other like necessities. As a i
, ries f outh St. yoseph
were established. Its proximity to
the stock yards makes it desirable
residence property for the heads of
departments at the yards and packing
houses. From its summit the eye
can traverse millions of surrounding
acres.
Low or Lire in Marlborourh's Battlce.
The English contingen's during the
wars of William III. of Mfarlborough,
of Prince Ferdinand of Ernuswick,
were never large, and yet we hear of
70 lieutenauts killed in Churchill's
brigade at Steenkirk, while the vic
torious French lost 620 oflicers killed
and wounded. The total number of
killed and wounded on both sides was
over C000. And this was by no means
an extraordinary case. Take the very
edt battle in the book, that of Lin
den. The allies lost about 12,000
in casualties, the 19 British bat
talions losing 133 oqicers. These
were unsucc ssful hattles, but at
Blenhei:u we lost 670 killed and 1500)
wounded. at Malplaquet, out of 20
battalio'ns, 1900) men, and so on. The
con'sion woul be forced upon us
that the older fighting at close range
with clumsy gnus was~ far more bloody
than the work of onr modern weapons
of precisiou1 at enormous distances,
did we not remaeinber the (lays around
Metz and I'levna. -Loirton Spectator.
Down to a Fine P'oint.
Kicker--Our bute er is getting busi
ness down to a fine po'nt, these days
of high priced beef; he even sells the
head and the tail.
Snicker - Exactly. Has to' make
ends meat, you know. - Harper's
Bazr.