Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TIl-WEEKLY EDITIO)N. WiN NSBISO,' S C., OCTOBE2R 22,185ESALHD1ff GOVERNMENTS AND ROAK ~OAD !I PROVEMENT ANALYZED. Mr. Niernsee's Address to the Road Congress. Important Suggestions. Tho following -vddress delivered l>e fore the recent South Carolina Road Congress held in Columbia by Mr. Frank Niernsee, gives some interest ing informuation iu regard to roads of the past and contains some suggestions as to the nulprovanient of the roads of the present period that seemed to strike the conventioni favorably: "Fro:n th-: ti:n of Mos- sthere have been royal r-nds. Fir-zt the- Ey .tnsftrad h I-radit-s a" tieu the Grves called eir lnos of tra 'hat were not used for Ie.:al jurpos rIAI rad -r kings' high ys. In GC t r.,yal roads were in .(et-d and card fr y thV U enate at eis. T L.!:n,iib alnd oth te th.:v wi-re m-ar the supe:rvision i mo- en ?nt j.. T her roads. how cer. w.rot f-:-t(f t.fth anciielt. It it was re-'rv-d fi A m city, Cartli age. t . uI thi ai, pav'd roads The l-11 man f .,-; the eample of the Cartha giiiat and tihir great highway. which coneteld loj:uc wit I its provinces were the mA::.t ranown-:L and Jurzoa.,l ever constru-:t ed. All over ,Erop. A;ia and Africa where;er their emlprors ruled, they build roads that lavi beea .-uposed by the si paerstitin: of dilerent a-.) have been of supernatural ori.iu. Thu. is attested by the iames applied t thtm Ji Italy. England, France and Spain. In ti -st mentionedi they. have been known lay such names as calzadadl-diablo (roads of tle devil). cal adu d las gigantes (roads of the giants). ecording to Sr. Isidore, the first paved road as built by the Caethagcniaus. and the same authority states that the Phonicians opened and left to their succe_-rs. a , end across the Pyrennees and the Alps many centuries before the- Christian era. The most ancient Roman road outside of Italy was in Spain and led from Cartha:ena to the Pyrennees, where it connected with others that led across the Alps to ]omic. This road .as traveled by the l"gio s a.af- Seipio. The eign of Augustus is renowned for he roads thea completed. The -mperor made the s.ystem of commun -ation so complete that little else was left for his successors to do than to care for the roads already constructed. Of his successors. Trajan was tue most zealous. as is shown bay various inscriptions, in preserving the public highways and in constructing others. His example was followel by others. but after wards the authority of the em;.erors declin ed and little eare wa,s given to distant public work. The removal of the court to Byzantine by Constantine omoleted the noanonment oi road buildiug and was the beginning of the decline of that niagnificent system of shghiways that laced loeie to its most distant provinces. 'The Roans divid.d their roads into military highways. callel pretorian thoroughfUrez and local vias. The 'irst was built to facilitate the marching of armics and toconnect the capital with the principai cities and strategi points. They were con structed and kept in repair by the imperial government. The second were the routes of commerce and connected towns and trade centres, and were constructed to assist the-. relations z atercourse of traffic. They were built and maintained by municipal governments. In Austria there are two ---aTss's of roads--one called the state road 'w hieh is entirely under the control of and kept in complete repairs by the government. The other, known as a provincal or distriet road. which are maintained and kept in re pair partly by the government and partly by the provinces through which they pass. "In France the public roads are divided into three classes. as follows: First, national or state roads. coan'struered anid maintained bya the state. Second. department roads, -.enitirely at the nest of the departments, and third. township roads. which. though con s tructed by the communes, receive, in most cases. sup)port either from the state or from the deaaartments for their maintenancc. The modern road system of France was inangurated bay t be First Napoleon and car riedi forward to its satisfactory and splendid conclusion by Napoleon the Third. " The road system of France has been of1 far greater value to the country as a means of ra.ising the valuie of lands and putting small proprietors in easy communication with thi!r ma3lrkets than have the railways. - It is the opinion of wecllinformed Frenchmen wh naeiade a practieal study of economic - ooblms,that the superb. roads of France Invoeen one of the mtost steady and potent contributious to the material development and, marvelous financial clasticity of that ountry. The far-reaching and splendidly maintained read system has distinctly fay red.the success of th' small landed pro prietors and in their prosperity and the ensuing distribuntion of wealth lies tho key to the secret cof the wonderful financial vitality and selid. prosperity of the French nation. - Int Germany the roads are also under governenit control. F'In .England the turnpike system 'took tare of the maintenance of roads up to 1878. when bay an act of paarliame'nt the system was abolish"d. The new system puts the duty and maintenae of the highways upon the .taxpayers of the parish and is managed by their highway surveyor. Seca.ond. parishes are -united into districts for the common object, tinder the supervision of the highway btoards. Third. mtuni'ipaal boroughs and towns have powers c'onferredl upon them to per'foirm the duties of iiighway surveyors within-r their boundaries. Lastly, the central authority. the local government board. Lon don,.is intrusted with general superintendence of the sev~eral -systems for the benellt of the natioii at large. *'A general invitation for all those in terested in good roads has been wisely issued by the road supervisors of our State. This action is in the line of progress and in the s everal States there are societies devoted to road improvement and a union of all these interested should hasten the day when the different parts of the country will be joined by good. ~permanent high ways. instead of roads that now alternate between sloughs of mud and almost Sahara-like dust. There is no reason why the State of Souith Carolina should naot have her public roads incondition .to compaara! favorably with any ini the ULnited States. In the lOW a'tuntry the ground is level and in thosye seations aret abunidana:. of shell anud good gravel. The middle an. northern poartions - also have plenty of fine .vel, gnei's, gra'nite and flint rock, all easly i at'essible which could b.e b,roken and a'rn-he. "pread upon our raoads and then rolled with a nleavy - roller, which Svoubii naot only mnas a chleap, material for ma'a-lana. i-ut a moas4t rabale * The State slhuld ai tihe cunit is bay an annual approplriation,. learinlg ini ruind. that our public roads are th' pari:nary. 1'esa the c-ommerce of the nation: tht hy r .iustly entitled to Simt and n:atio na atim th'ir'improva'mnt 1,-e Tbh.'state andnal a -ub ;.n havring the hig'hways. a:-.' . ''a~i 'n w: ri tia'n adurinjg Tthe year: 1r....r:v a adI a haa'r baina. -Ifstaiig f not lhir"'ly mar' larO:itZial. The saaving in tinm' nd lalaar are very important items in less.uning tlh-a'.a't o produatian. The~ :nerebant of 9 our 'itie.s are ia a lPaadirelv hllait?d. a Ommeciall organizaionsaa' .-tanize thea f or.:' of this argument and the uttai"s o a e taaards of trade. chambers o& cmer"' -kingr anti linanci instLitutionsa --1jan b i. In 192 theatnal.oard of at1 hrolI slat rtation passed'a the" foalowing' ra' *- recaogni. ha' t'reeding. pov' Up ie highways anid I'y..r a y whih will provid for th-ir iarn.'.u* - tuiru. hoIuwl haw- te power t I I r rv:.-r- fro:n ea'h countv and bh ' :n - h1-uid bemade-_ to.work upin t. od of ~ C .h1 1.ut fro whchthy were enn i Tii, rlad queitirn is now 1:: ar.:wne :ontrucingroad.; of t h1 \u a-gir-ion Th litlestate New Jr-y w.:h~i: auti21n'like tie? -jizI- of our.'La ex;i.: .1 ii 18%4 on road in 'irovemewntth in un Uof r0. 0a3. I I! the Sta lt Y;)r% it has tn.p - t r:li Ibe un -_uit. road.S. It vwlbl b SIVIivient t. - 4tvUl"Itan averageof 5 ml' .f :Thf-f roz : i in evvry v,Aty ofI the, Stat at l I;:,. ili I1.I r11l , lth th:n 52. "Vur adjoninDg StaIti. N'rth~ Carina ha;s I J- -.x-:-Hent progr-_-s ini pauli.- r.:wl r l a. will be- foiw-d an\ .wi-i:ro. -The, 1ir-1 ::nporta-t vt was tS -5ur fr2m the Sa I-i- r Ailtua rity tu lvVY a r.,md tax 'f 7.n 7 teo 20 mlill ona I worth of talo, alutim. Therat-! at prk-nt bv:li aJ (ut! 1.5 mil,- NW:h vi:lsm :0"0a ar. N-xt th' p.a"iage wa .:: urd by law. ;1nd o-ou lty oourt-4, 1:he. pu1ni:4hnafLt frn)a!!; - b'n'-" binafl'tin or so many d: w 1U Ihe publil' rod. It i- ti' b 'Of iIn 11hiN Zllr t aL.this i h., b01%.ile U pO-tiO1' that cali n:-. lad of 0t u1- .:' . the y are not thi i.r cughlg t ito dir -t i' : tw_ttin with hon!t. free laior, W:ile th.ir wi.-rk iaure to tht- direct iIenefllt uf tle lpu li. Tbe- work of building. re.istruati atnd r!pairing streets aud roads in .14"I'kin ur" isg now in rvgres: 4i tiir'e d1prt mentts. -irt. in th. -:ity of Charlotte. uald-r th direction of tll- eity conIl, 1y th' inayor. ity engineer and -upervisorof streets. Th, work is paid for out of the vity trrasrY. -ecoiid. the county nt 1.arg. ind-er the direc tion of thv ou romtviner 11)JI ,SOII-1' i.,.qrd of five .le.ted annutaly by a vote f ail the Nmagistrates in t! he -unty. hy t he -ount v engin.er and th. silriitindenl 'f tl- .-.nviet vaLp,. H:af th.. .:ro id. of Ih r'N':l lax is dibu -eVb tkis brardl L" -Eni townsbip. throulh its. b'oard tf Ir-4tee. expends for lI-,;0 wurk in n-,:td i:.!!ng, one-half the procevd.; of the roaId I t'x raie-I withiin the town.--'ip. T' OvI' Of r"ediI, 'lothing and uaini LlyIg cits durin- the lir.t li,.*e nionths of 189:j amont ed4to 20- coats per day. the average umm .r cared for being 91 per mohth: dIrim:, the ,irst nine n tihs of that year an average ci 90 conviets moved W0.247 eubi? y:n!s of rarth on the roads and mi:.hd and plak-d ~.51 liu-ai yards ifour and a h:.lf milwi f t niaadam 12 fet wide.' I quite largie ' 1r,;m different State and government rv_rts :md "'r. D. A. Tompkins on roals in 3ik ieiburg outy.~ N. C. "Wbat i; most inperatively need--d is to hitnato the poople aw e5pcQially those: w)o are -latd in eharge of th41 rotas how to proced and that road miking and r-pairing is an art uid trail- that needcairef%l studly ad e.re 1o su-:. e!l:ily varr. rut. :a Ih sooner the idea. and praoti,:e th'. onv (,i who can haul a load of mud or sod from where the ditch ight to be an d-Amp it iiju) thc road. is a fit peri;o-n for road re-pairing k abandoned. the better. At the nutset, an ,n ineer should be not only cnsultd but e: loved, because he has made a study of roni .uilding under all possible conditions ail ecnee is able to not.only advise you what t do, but often what is equally important. what nLt to do." FAR31ERS HO1sD THEIR WHEAT. A Combination 'n t'e Northwest Formed to Raise Prices. it is reported throughout the Nrthwe:wt 1hat the wheat growers have formed an "r :anization for the pi rpos-_ ,f advanoing the ie i-f w nheat so that it will pay them io .ke the "rain to mnarket. An anon'ymous ir.tular w:a. seaitired. rondeast ver the Northwe'-t som' we'Iks i", elling upon01 the farm-'rs iio h1.oldhir art'u"s for themise'lv'':. t':eeipts- hiave alilin tiT ;'roatiy in the: last Ien da:ys thr.ughi olt Inc entire wb.:'al region. Thei farmnra dvithe will li I e grain iie! inl .-to'rc' hi farms bief.re t''y wvill:o-'liit forha han 75 cents. If at large amIlounlt had not bee.-n taken inl sooni afItr Lhe harvest wmas begtun not' a el1P ':co1ld b." sent away until th"r-' shoul-1 Ve a chang('in the situation. Wheat i.s ni)w as li'w. as it ever has 1:ec"n. t i:, alleged that th" dleale'rs will not o.ffer what tih" wheaOit is really worth. The farni r I'r'.fis, to hauv" r.o.h iv" iniformnationt that hIn:~pri''s will advancle fr''mt 25 to 514 pi'r :eit . ins-id" 'f a few mon' t hs. Th'l' receipts~ of all kaid.' "f)~ --ear graia w're uo'ver so htir'g' ;iS 4iw.. EM odaNS.Vx STICS .Xs fCport e-1 a :e .i ~tz.:-:e2L' ''Jn In the HIij14. of D';,.ic: 'f th'' E;ip port on the stat" iif th.' ch1ur'b. saIid that sinie the last oonf're'nce in '92, t"i bi-hr four of whomI went in11. to is'1i.nary i trids. -.h' church no0w hadi 79 lishopsii. .54 eliebr vlen. 567 en a didlates fir lay' ir 'mrs. 190.s20 t'aptismns iln thl' pa5t yea r. lind i.U1. l73 firmaions. Tlhiere wire: wIiw l;18.500 4 co nunicants. 5,117 erChI edi'i tiies. and nIa 600 institutions o f :a tenevolent ..r e'duoatin indt ren'hed 38,000.000. Dr. Duncan show-I that tihe bl.ly if'c:n 4unicants was growing~ moire thanif the num e of elergy. The: inicrease in th1e tr'ieniumtl ad leen 65.791, whlibi t hI' Iti., of piriests hadi grown tbut 157, a fact hie attribuit.d to "n ufficieney an1 diminutl'in of stl iends.li.' h nome for the? thr'.' yOars was &35.000 1I han for the proederingr period. Richmond Protduce 3larket. irv. 174 1.-.:- ehoi'i faimiyI ipa''k'-d . I 7 20-.:'bhoil-e st.re (pa'ck'd, 17.: nwdsom: tr" (pa:kei.-. 14465. l c iommloi~t graidl"-, Eno --Inl :rates. n"ar biy and fresh ,;4 17.: ini irates. fri-h and( clea"n. 16" .; it,h r ri- ani wi'box"' fre i). lo3 16 . 7''.: di o'ks liive(. p"r llud S1 140--.: h' liv', pt: jOII4 pon. 7-malt ''ni.'ken- .-i - 1-'.i -r oldi. 15 2400. apte'". 1.m:.rg ST clv~es. per pound14 'aross 11-. 1h-t.i 'ri'oun. 2r21.ii. b-f .wi pe po 'n. 2 B . h iir..-o 1nu,,4 ;10 . yon bees. 25 pun. .. Ii~-.: -h ti . 5al . pmrl 51, p uw .. G o. mald., ierliarund.f :-.lrg,v. 1"m'ked. Pe ol. per 11r. side2 4-1r:d, -re e-1 o id-.2.0 ncr . re barrel. 00 TI U0 .2NT1 FOR IONL a CONVENTION Ls: u ltin of Sympathy Wit.h the Cubau Patriots Adopted. 'II LL31ACN and SH EPPAR I) DEBATE Th Convenition ent T i u 11rsday inl A ameing t he I1oimestead Liv. Tit cviititutional conventiou dc voted the proceedings of their *25th s.i l to tIhl discussion of the s;ection providm for a humest-2ad law. Sen ator Tilliian antl Goveriior Shcppitrd M:Et p werful s1.eeche1s oil the sub ject. The ldebate was of a higher class than ay f the deb.ates thus far. At 2::) 1'clck_, by a vote of S2 to 44, the c en11%Ctionl :,truck oUt all the special pir i:-ious in the se,tion as reporte, letaving" the sectjion providing for a simpl leStead exemptiol of 8I,J00o worth of real estate and ;5100 worth of p(ers)Inilitv. The stricken out portion gape ma Cy spial Provisious, onc -I:.*ing the cotr,)l of such preperty in the htuds of the court and virtual .y lulking the mall who takcs advan tag(.f the exemnption minor. There are ALe eight or ten amendments still At the night session the greater por tioi of the time was taken up in the further debate on the homestead see tiou. MIanv -mall iilaendments were conlsilered and acted on It is im Ib ayet to give any idV3 a.s how the homestead provision will go thi viougl. ft will go through all right., however. Senator T'illmau. near the end ot the ,es: ionl, gt theu floor and stated thatt the vote: tailenl i1uriig the day had shon a that at least one-fourth of th' "people's representatives" were not in attendance upon the conven tion. These men were all drawing their pay from the State, and were doing nothing. while those here were bearing the responsibility of acting on vital matters. He moved that all leaves of absence be rescinded and that all the absentees be notified to return at once unless they could pro Iduce ph\ sician's certificates that they were ill. This was adopted and the scutees imlinediately.. The article on jurisprudence was presented at a late hour. The chairman of the conmittee in dividually presented the following anti-lynch law section: "Section 6. Iu the case of any prisoner lawfully in the charge, custody or control of any oficer, State, county or municipal, being seized and taken from said offi cers by force or strategy, by a mob or other unlawful assemblage of persons, and at their hands suffering bothly violt-nce or death, the said officer shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon a true bill found shall be de posed from his office pending his trial, and Iupon his conviction shall forfeit is otlic and unless pardoned by the Governor shall be ineligible to hold any olhice of trust or protit within this State. It shall be the duty of the prosecuting attorney within whose dis trict or county the offense may be onanitted, to forthwith institutc a proseti on against said officer, who hall be indicted and tried in such ounty, other than the one in which the offence was committed, as the At torney-General may elect. The fees and mileage of all material witnesses both for the State and for the defesa shall be paid by the State Treasurer-in uch manner as may be provided by law." FOI~( AN INCOME TlAX. theC Sectilou Regarding Taxation Dis cuissedl anid Amended. ont Friday, the 26th day of the con stitutionad convention, the article on penal and charitable institutions pass d its third reading after the killing f the section providing for a board of pit blic charities. The following see tion~ 'f the article on finance and taxa tion was adopted after a long discus ion ans a after several amendments had hseen puit in: The General Assembly shall provide byv laiw for a uniform and cequa1 rate of assessment and taxation, and shall jrcribeC such rcgulationis aLs shall se ure a just valuation for taxation of all propjerty, real, personal and posses sary, ec ept miines and mining claims. the proieeds of which alcone shall be taxed, andi also such prop)crty as nmay be cxeminpted by law for municipal cdui at i in. literary, scienitiei, :-eligious or elharitab.lle putrposes: pro\idecd, howv ever, that the General Assembly ruoy inupoirse ; capitation tax on xuch domes tie anuals as fromt their nature anud habits aire destructive of o)ther p)rop ertv; anid provided, further that the Genieral Assemb)ly my provide for a graluated tax on incomes and miay irovide for graduated licenses on oe euplationls and business." An ellort by Senator Tillmaan to pro vile for a SI poill tax on every dog ini the State, the pr'oceeds to be devoted to the school fund. after a rich debate, was killed biv a vote of 102 to 211. An effort tos impose a municipi,l tax on fthe cip ital ,-t cek o.f nll banks ini the State ailed. ThI nighit session of t he constitu tinas C lcnve2ntion wats at li.s and fedi n one. Thie convention still dealt w ih the repiort of the committee onl 1'inance ad taxation and it took several hIr ti ads spt the two sections. TheC fiI scion fixes as at mlinimiumn fssr the binde sus eb15 t of any ~ countty. township, ei v . r tow 8 per ceut. cf the assessed rilus it all the taxable property there ii. The ost impuiortanit action taken toi.:h lt was to Pass a section prohibit in as iiunty or township froms levying .. .I ..,. ia ng bonds to aid in the b,ilding of new railroads or for tn other purpose save edacationaill and Or diuary State and county purposes. A resolutici' was adopted also thai State bonds should not be issued for a period of less than 20 years or iore than 10 years. The convention, after voting se,,eral times to limit the speeches from this time on to 10 iinutes each, save on the dizsii.sSon of the suffrage article, finally refused to put on any limil at all. TIIE BILL OF RIG1ITh. The whole of the Bill of Rights wat adopted at the night session Wednes day with the exception of that section on trial by jury, which was passed to await the judiciary report, the sections on elections, which were passed over by a vote, and the section which pro vides as t.o lines and bail, which has in it that "the power to punish for con tetipt shall not in any case extend to to imipri.onient ir the State Peniten tiary,- was passed ovec by request of 31r. Miower, -\ho had the report in Large as chairman of the sub-commit tee that reported the proposed article. The article as adopted, with onlv three sectious left pending, is as follows: Section 1. All political powers are vested in and1 d-rived from the people only. There ifv, therf have the right at all tunes to mod ify thvr fvrmn if government. when the pu Ji-- good demiand:s. Seetion 2. All powers not hercin delegated are ri,sarved to the peole: nor shall the e1nm1rati,in of certain rights herein ie cou strued to deny or disparage others retained jy the peiop,le. Section :;. Representation in tlo. House of ]}.'pr:-sentatives shall be apportioned ar-or din;g ti' population. N'cio 'IP 1 The General Assemibiy ought fre'quentlA to assemble for the redress if grievance and for mnaking new laws as the onnon goo, may require. Sectio '5. Tho General Assembly shall niake a' law respecting an establishment of relig-.n or prohibitingthe free exercise there of !r :arid,,-inig the freedom of speech or of thw p:-:re-s or the right of the people peacea I.ly to as-imtble and to jetition the Govern int. or any department thereof. for a red rss ,f --rievances. - I The privileges and iuimuni ties if vitizens of this State and of the United St at's. un.r this Constitution. shall not be ahride1 nor shall any person' b' deprived of life. liberl'y or property without duo pror es of law. ior siall any person be denied tha equal protaetion of the laws. Seat aikn All property subject to taxa ti-in -bal b taxed in proportion to its value. '-:tean 8. No tax subsidy. charge, impost tax ir luties shall be established. tixed. laid or levied under any pretext whatsoever A%ith:.t the consent of the people or their repr-sent. tives lawfully assembled. facto la,w impairing the obligation of cou travts, nor law granting any title of nobility or hereditary etnblenent shal be passed and no -onvi,ti' 'hall work corruptioia of hblroial far f, irfciture of estate . Se-titn u . The right of suffrage as regu lated in this constitution shall be protected by laws rogulating lections and prohlibiting. under adequate penalties, all undue influ once from power, bribery, tumult or impro per condu.t. -ction 14. Teiiorary absence from the State :hall not forfeit a residence once ob taine-l. ectiaon 15. The power of suspending the laws or the execution of th; laws shall only be exercised by the General Assembly or by its authori-y in particular cases expressly providtd for by it. Section 16. In the GovernLI)t of this State. the Legislative, executive and judicial pow,.'is o-f the Government shall be forever separated and distinct front each other, and no person or p,ersons exercising the functions of one' of said. departments shall assume or dischlarge the diuties of any other. Sea'tiona 15. All Courts shall be public, and every person shail have speedy remedy there in for wrongs sustained. NSetitin 1P. The rih of :he peop)le to be seur in teir persuons, houses. papers and e1Te'ats againsat uxnreasaonable searches andr saizutra' shall not be violated and no warrants shaill issue bitt noon probable cause support d iay aathi or a'irm'ation. and particularly dse'ibuig thae placc to lie searhed anr.i tile prtit or thin" to lie seized. Se'cttin 2. In all1 criminal paroSe,Cutiaons ttthectused shall ettjov the right to a spaeady andl i ublie trial by animpartial jury and to b: fiill'a itnformed of the nature and eatus' of the aca-usation to be confronted with Lihe win-s.s against him--to hav'ae eompunls>ry praoess foir obtaining witnesses in his favor. and to iba fully' headin his defence by himn self orlbv his~counsel or by both. Section 22. Excessive bain shall not hae re gutired nor excessive fines i:nposed. iaora'rucl noar unusual punishments inflicted.~ nor shall wit ness's ic unreasonably detained. Cair poreati putnishament shall not ho inflicted. Thae lower to putnish for contemhpt shall riot n tiny 'as" extend to iimprisonmenit ina the Secation 23 All' persons shall before a'aan 'aietiaan bei laillable by suaflicie2nt sureties ex cl at for aptital ofTenees. when the piroof is evident ra the presumnption great. 'S 'ation~ . In all indictments or paroser-a tins afar liat-:1 the truth aof alleged libe ay a e ''iv n~ in a'vidlence' and the jury shtall ba' thi' jadi:s~ of the' latw atnd the! facts. Section 25.1 Traasou againt tha 'Late sall 'onasist 'alaonc in levy'iang waar air in giv ig tala anal conafairt a eneis against the' S;tat. No pearson si hail ba hiald ;'uilty'a of treasatt exacept utpon ts-timnya of at least two''a witness'- to th sani overt at. ror upoin a.atnf's,iont itna 't (pe Couit. 5: tional 2'. Thea praivilege~ of tht writ aof abtla:s corpa t'ailodaii not lbe suspiendaeda imh-ss wl'an in as of-' inasurreactaon. rebellion air ina va iian. thi. pubtlil arfety. mnay require it. uuo "7. Na paersoLn shall be imprrisona ad for dla b1 .\aatpt tat eases of fraud. Sei 2.t Thae right oif trial by) jury shalh bpr''rved intviolarte. N"ationi 29 N well ra-gulated mtilitia b'iig neii'a.at ry a1a tat' securitya of a free State. thae rui t ft'ha'peole to keep and bear atrms Itall nt ba infringd'.1 As in timnes of peate armi' .'are dangierous" to liberty. they' shall lt be m : aaait ained wi'athouit a'onsent of the Genearal .cembhly. fhe military power of th' Ntatt s-hail alwvysahe held in subordina tai t to th iv'a 1a'uthoritya and lie governedl v at. Nra "oldier shall in time of peace hie ua1trtarta'i anvn; house without consent o,f tat own'eaar naor an tin"e of war, but in mnanner '-tion 30. Na' person shall in ay, casL het auject' to martial law oxrLa toany' mains oar pena:lties liv virtue of that law except thosa fmxlalayedi in the army and navy of the Unita.a Si:xl s antd e-xcept tihe militia innaetual saervia:a, but by t' iattority of the Genral Assent Si.tonll :tU. All navigalle waters shallI f,r,tvar riemtain paubiie higlhwaay-. free'. to the -iiizinx af ihc'State and United! States. waith t tax, aip ast car toll imnpose'd. and no tax. 1ea11. imtla ar 'aharfage shall be imipasaa. .'.n-:nx" uta rt rea''ived froma thi! o)wner' 'f in a- echla'ndlisi:or eaoxmcadity for use of th.c-:-aures or tin>' wharf erected on shores air lax 'r-r a- ilae waters of any navigable stream unts L th'5 ' samne hea' authorized iby the Gitnara Stin :ii:8. Th' parovaiSionas of the t'aonstitia ti i. :-hall bI e takeix. adeanied and a:onstrued toi 'a' maa.ti:rv and parohibitorya tauad ntit m.-ii' dir.--!tor". eept where cxpressly -l' d IiLrtry or permnissery>b I't oI wn Frank Meirose, a supernumerary at one of the New York theatres, knows all ofShakespea' plays by heart. LATEST NEWS IN BRIEF, GLEANINGS FROM 3MANY POINTS Important Happenings, Both Rome and Forei.-n, Briefly Told1. Newsy Southern Notes. The National Road Parliament met at Atlanta last week. Ex-Governor Fuller. of Vermont, was elected presi dent. A committee of general passenger agents, who are at Atlanta, announce that a cent a mile rate will begiii soon to Atlanta fro!u the Ohio river and points beyoud. At Montgoraery, Ala., at a public meeting 8100,000 was subscribed to the People's Cotton Factory. This is one half of the capital stock and the enter prise will now be pushed to immediate erection. There was a large'and enthuisiastic re-union of the confederate veterans at Frederickiburg, Va.. Friday. Steps were taken to build a monument to the Confederate dead in Staffurd. General Fitzhugh Lee addressed the meeting. Mrs. Mintz, living south of 3g nolia, Ark.,locked two ef her children, aged four and six, in her house and went to a neighbor's. The house burned and the chiidren were cremat ed. The mother lost her mind. At Charlotte, N. C., the great audi torium, with a seating capacity of 6,000, was burned on Wednesday. The efficiency of the city's fire department was shown by the fact that with seven buildings on fire at one time, only the auditorium was consumed. The loss is about $4,500; insured for $2,000. A special from Fort Smith, Ark., says: Cade Miller and his wife were assassinated in bed, at their home on the Oklahoma border. This is the fourth assassination of persons who are important witnesses in the Dutch John murder trial. The other two were Bruce Miller and a deputy sheriff of Pawnee County, Oklahoma. Washington. The President's family was re-united in Washingtun Tuesday evening.Presi dent Cleveland reached the city by land and the children arrived by train over the Pennsylvania railroad at 1:10 p. m. The President's summer outing at Gray Gables has ]?ad a beneficial effect on him and he returns invigor ated and refreshed for the winter's work at the capitol. 49b Foreign. At London th'e revision of the Bible has been completed, itieluding the apocbrypha, upon which the revisers have been engaged since 1881, and it will shortly be issued from the Oxford Press in various sizes, uniform with the revised old and new testaments. Labor. The Thomas Iron company of Allen town, Pa., gladdened their 3-50 em ployees by voluntarily increasing wages ten per cent. Smith & Wesson, Springfield, Mass., will dismiss all their employes on November 1st, as after that all its work will be done by contractors. The object is to avoid weekly payments of wages, which the law now requires. Miscellaneous. Mrs. Joseph Langdon, the wife of a farmer living near Delta, Ohio, gave b)irth within a space of three hours, to five children, all of them males. She is past 35 years and has three other children. Near Richmond, 0. T., Joseph Gazee attempted a criminal assault on Mrs. Holcombe, b)ut the woman's 12 year-old son seized a shotgun, went to his mother's rescue and shot her as sailant dead. Reports to the U. S. Supervising Surgeon General indicate that during the present epidemic of cholera in .Japani there have been 42,706; cae and 28.513 deaths. It is believed the t the epidemic has reached its climiax and is now declining. Millions of bushels of fruit are go ing to waste along the Ohio river - cause of the close of navigation. - tween Cincinnati and Evansville 150, 000 barrels of ap)ples, in additiou to potatoes and other produce, will bc lost by decay. At Chicago Thursday by the prema tare ex;plosion of a dynamite blast in the ruins of the Maunfactuirers' Build ing on the World's F'air grounds, Samuel Hobart, a laborer, mas instant lv killed. Hobart's hea~d was blown off au:1 carried three blocks away fro:n the scene of the explosion. The build ing was being torn down and dynamite was used for blasting purposes. CAROLINA IN ATLANTA. A War Welcome to the P'ress of the State by the South Carolina Society. IO(ver sixty miembers of the South Carolina I'rcss Associatio n were ex tended a reception by the South Caro lina Society of Atlanta Thursday night, and1 notable addresses were miade by President Calhoun, of the South Carolina Society;: President Aull. of the Press Association: Thos. IR. Cobb, Co]. ,J A. Hoyt. J. C. Garlingt.'n, .udge Wilkes, Col. Franz Mlelchers, Col. JIames (4. Bacon, Eb. Willitus, Commuissioner Rdoche and other-s. The welcome was heart y,. and punch and eloquence tlowed unrestrainedly for two lour-. Warsaw, Poland, has a population of 571,300, according to the last cen sus, and is inerasing at the ra:e of 20.000 a year. The garrison consista of 37,000 men r ernselves. The constitiltion f th- Cut.an revolution ary governtment, has ben proniulgated. The itroduction an-I t-.-.f.llo The revohitin f-,r thi! inudep.endence and 1 "reatien in Cuba cf a demliiocrati-: retui,, initiated Ilth 24th day of February last,solely Helared the separation of Cuba from the Spanish n;icy Tie eletede delegates f the revolution,in ennvonti.,n assemled, have now foried a ) 01,rrup1aCt bertw,-n the world and Cuba. andit 1) ph-dgi themselvesto the following artioCles A o)f the costtitition of 1hen- w n u biNn re-- C plAi"':U Artitc 1.-Tlh suirreme: ie- pnier of the re- ( pu!ii: will be vestel in a outil of Ministers. ( 'Po,sed of a [rosideut. anii ridnt, and ur ;-eer"l ries, f-r th" dINpatCh1 Of l.uiin16S f War, --f tho InIvri-r. of Foreign Affairs, Ari. 11.-- E'vory -< r.kry will have a u-1 SeCretary, ill ord-r t, s-ippcly any vac'ancy. IIIL-Th' att ritett's of te ninisteriul -overimiut will I- to li-tato all the relatiVe dispositioi of the civil awl p,olitical life of t] the rep.ublic; to re.:eive ioitribtitios: to VoItrAct pt)li,- loans; to issue paper mon:y; to raise troops anl to maintain them: to 0 elare relrisaJs. with re2slect to the: eivnmY.V and to ratify treattes. exept the peae with Spain: to sub1mit juhicial authority to th1 Pr'esient: ti a;cpyrce:re the law of inilit:try or ::minization, aiu nrdinances of the military ..rvii.as d1r:iwn "p iby by the Commandr- I in-Chief. Art. JV.- Ministeri:al Council only will be al. t." iUt.-rvlnw in taking part in the inlitarv operations wh-n. in their judgment, it will be' tblely nce.sary. t Art. V.-lt ik reeuisite for the validity of e I the Ministerial Council decrees that two thirds of the members will have concurred 0 in them. Art. Y.-The office of counsellor is in (omnpatilil: with the others of the republic. i an.I rti'Iii re: aU member to be 25 years of or aii Iward. A rt. VI .-The Executive will rest with the t Pet.4 or, in default. withthe Vice-Presi Art. N1III.--The work of the 3Iinisterial C-oin.-il will be san4.,ioned by the President. who w-ill lie al,le to dissolve it. not to VX,ecC 1 A rt. JX.-Tb Preident may enavt treaties wili tie ratification of I ie Ministerial tnili. Art. X.-The Pre .ident will receive am- o \rt. Xi.-The traty f pee,-av with Si whIh it i-i nt--:<.<arv to have to form anuab So'ilute e11sis of inel-pendeltce for the islan -cf Cub, should be ratiflie!d bey the 3Ministerial e Coiuncil ad by an assem iv of renresenta tiv.--s convoked for that ent. Art. XII.The Vie-Pre'id.mt will act for the th-e- Presitdent in case of neei'vmty. t Art. XIII.-In caii! the otnees of Presi- c lent and Vice-Presid'Lt *hould be vacant by . resifation or by death. or by other cause. 1 .t the same time. an a.emibly of representa- a tivo,i will I)e called for an election. h Art. XIV.-The sieretaries are to take part a .rt. XV.-It is pormitted to the secretaries 1 to arrangp for all the employes of their re- t Art. XVI.-The suib-secretaries will consti tate a legal body in cases of vacancy of the Se-:ret-ries of State, having their voice in tLe delilxrations. t Art. XVII.-All outside armament of the republic, and the direction of the operators C of war, will be direetly under the hand of thee Commander-in-Chief, who will have at his order, as second in command, a lieuten anut-general, as a substitute in case of ne vessitv. Art. XVUI.-All functionaries, of what- 1 ever class, who are able. must lend recipro- I cal help for the )etti:r accomplishment of the e resolutions of the 'Ministerial Government. t Art. XIX.-All Cubans will bie obliged to stirve the repulic ..ith their persons and in- d t:rosts. according to their power. b Art. XX.--The property, of whatever class, 2 appertaining to foreigners. is exempt from paving taxes in favor of the republic, pro- b viIinig their reCspectiv'e governments recog nize the belligerency of Cuba. Art. XXX--AIl debts contraeted from the a- tual initiation of the war until this consti tution is promulgated will be piaid. Art. XXII--.The MIinisterial Council hasj the power to red cc any member for just a 'ause, in the judgment of two-thirds of the Councillors. Art. XXIII. -The judicial authority will proiced with entire independence of all the othr.-New York .Herald. AURICUL'1TURAL EXPORTS. Big F alling OiT' in Value, but Not in Quanity. Due to Decrease in P rices. A~c.,ir,lingC toa speclal bujlletin issued bcy itle i>epiartmienit e.[ Agricu ltu re there has * 1h'en ai birge fadlug off iu the: value of agri cutural r'xports for the fiscal year e'nding Juily let as compunlared with preeceding yetirs. Te litires are? 8553.215.317 for the cur rent Iise:al year. 8628,363.638 for 1804. $615. 32OM for' 189:3, and $799.328.232 for 1892. C A e.ompareMi with the average of the si.x l. yers from 1890 to 1893. e)tr agriculltutra1 C'lue:ts fell if abiout $00.000O.000. Thliis she rtage. ne:cording to Secretary Nor'- - 1ie. is duii miainily to) shrinkage ofC prices. s ThCII eCxle>)rt vaihi.!s of wheat, hlour, andi *'ii t'in fer JS5t wecreeinly $300.000.000,t) while hi:el iih e ries oef 1812 pirCvailedl the eleani 4t0.000.000.i Th'le total e.xpiorts for the last liscal year .f :ill kinds of mnerebandlise were less Icy $55. 000.00) thian in 1894. butt the falling if wa ~':s a ute toe lw perieris tee suih an e'xtent, that hal ceott' n. h,a.en, anml lardl b>ei. sold at the' samie pr.e sthe' previ(ous year,. they woul ale ei lhtvi'e euhit ut 1c he ital expoeris tee lie tig 0re'ee of the lreeios year. S3.retary Moth rt 'i', hoerer,e l i ues e n1 hat Ite: lha' biee ; re'trogre''l o'.vrl't:u CC..rni. aem' ar;/arbrte. se'eds, hee. buter iCi hp.hblls. il enake':ani eciiiler. while to r ha--eo weooel. e eltin 'lothiS, e'en!. aiultais, a:t hele their own. lTh.-: ias bee'n a nileire o.r les uirked in' 'reasee int oil, hiili, fruit.s, an] nuts. mnanufa turtrs o)f iron and st::el, cotteon seedl il. viu sOUl'HIERN BANK CLEARANCES.t Large Increase Over Last Year. Imi- T proved Financial Condition of :a Farmiers.1 Thi Manuitfac.'t'.:r' Ri.e:eord rei arts th,::t tle beank eIeairanes. lire ug:h.eut the S,uthi e r the w-CkCl :,h.w a large gait i.ve'r th e C*Cr- I etcndi: peeri'od cf laist yvar, wilth rauilreindl tram.-' alsee ine'rcasing mante'rially. I While the prevaillig high priCe fir c'ottCin. an Ithe abnudanut suplyI. of corn and lacne t have put Soutlhiern farmers in better linane'ia II cni.ee~ltio n than feer som" ycars. there isuno lieialiercns'' ef na'tivity in th ''e rganiJ:'n Iitin ''I newO nchinstri ednterri,e. - CIintra tC have b'een let for heeilers andI enginesu'C feer two furunees to lie loe?nted( it in- mr-'the llrst new. furnace-btuildin:, werk end Ceritaken'i in the Se utth foer al eenfid erblele 1im.' .\mong seimte of te. enterp riC.e C repor eci f ot thec week were: a &100l.0)00 eOletin m nill in McisseCiC.Ci lii: a $3.000 e.leectric: lant ini TeunesCelC,:C a 61.000 comflpreSs in Texas: t .: 110 bew'c~'' er icpany' in V'irgtiin. and aI .e5.00( feritii:.e:r complany in the: .came St:at'. and a :nnaber of milecellaneo eenterrr-CC: t In Terrell, Tenas, boys who smnoke cigar- e ettes are not allowed to attend the public Ie'l ?ALMETTO PENCILLING NTERESTING ITEMS FROM ALL OVER THE STATE. Prosperous York County. Wc believe that York county is in a etter condition to-day than she has een in before at any time since the ar. While it may be true that the tton crop will show up less than half I an average, it was made with a great eal less expense than any previous rop, and while during forme yearsit as taken anywhere from 60 to 90 per ent. of all that was made to pay for ipplies. this year the supplies have een made at home, and from 60 to 90 er cent. of all that has been produced avrc-e_nt- profts. -, Yorkville En u reL'r. LAW OF THE LAWLESS. Vm. Blake, Under Life Sentence, Taken From Courtand Hanged. At Hampton,Wm. Blake, Sr., Jason lake, Prince Gravei and William rasier were convicted Thursdayeven ig of the murder of Mr. Raymond [eares on thie 9th of August last. 7m. Blake, Sr., was recommended to ie mercy of the court, and his sent ace was life imprisonment. The ther three were sentenced to be anged on the 7th of December next. After the prisoners were sentenced was evident that there was dissatis Ltion a.t the jury's recommendation > mercy of Wm. Blake, Sr., and some ersons were licard to say that Blake ould never reach the penitentiary. 'he convicted persons, as soon as court 1journed, about half-past 7 p. m., ere htndcuffed and taken out of the Durt room. On their way to tha jail, IC sheriff and his constables were verpowered by a number of men, ud Wm. Blake, Sr., and William 'rasier, who were handcuffed together, -ere forced from the custody of the nstables and taken off into the -oods. The handcnffs were unlocked i some way and Frasier was retuined > the custody of the jailer. The rowd, numbering about fifty men, roceeded to a dense piece of woods bout one-half mile from the court ouse and hung WIm. Blake, Sr., with m%I*Nc1" ke rib of aIage ito his body and the crowd dispersed. The coroner's jury returned a ver ict that Wm. Blake, Sr., came to his eath at the hands of partiesunknown > the jury. AROLINA'S CROWN OF GLORY. 'he Girls State College at Rock Hill Opened. Tuesday marked a great day in the istory of Rock Hill and of the State. n the morning, amid applause, Gov rnor Evans, in behalf of the board ol custees, formally delivered to Presi ent Johtiscn and the faculty the nilding and pupils of the Winthrop ,ormal and Industrial College and ade them "God speed." The exercises wers opened by the inging of "Praise God, from whom 11 Biessings Flow," led by Prof. crown an the piano, all the audience >iing. After this the Rev. H. R. Ioely read Psalm CV, and prayer as offered by the Rev. Alexander prunt. Then the audience was fa ored with a superb rendition of 'aure's Sa?nta-Maria, by Mrs. Brown, ife of Prof. Brown. The other num ers of the musical programme were a ino duet overture, Zampa, by Her. Id. This was given by Miss Waddell ud~ Prof. Brown. The third number -as Mattei's "Canta," a vocal solo by iss Souther. Last cf all came the inging of "The Coronation." These musical performances were aterspersed through the programme f the morning. The exercises wvere osed by the benediction pronounced y the Rev. George T. Harmon. Gov. Evans, Senator Tillman and r. W. J. Roddy, were the principal )eakers. --- HlGR PfICES IN DARLINGTON. otton Urings 9 Cents and Tobacco 10 to SO Cents. It was high water mark for cotton na tobacco at Darlington last week, oth in p)rice anid quantity. Several undred bales of cotton were sold in ne day, 9 cents being the highest rice p'aid. About thirty-tive thous nal pouinds of tobacco were sold, ries rangin g from 10) to 30 cents per ound. and M) eents per. pound on the Lguar imrket. No "b,reak."- This t waLs splendidI in every respect, and ill go to A tl:3uta. Souath Carolina and Ohio. South C::r!ina is the only State of d Uniun w bia refuISes to give divorce n any grounds whatsoever, and in als regard1 her record, when compared -ith thiat of other far more wvealthy ud progressive States, is particularly riht. 11er" iu Ohio. for instance, .5 suit for divorce wer" begun uring' tbe year *ndling September 1. nd of the-e 2,'9 were granted. pi '.. which wecre refxeed the ,:'i:iI r 'f the cem till remnaining utried.-- ('incinniat I 5%uth&est. NO EXTORTION IN ATLANTA. resident Collier of the Exposition Is sues a Card to the Public. On Friday President Collier of the Cotton ates Exposition. at Atlanta. fuirnished th ll'wing .ard al>out the charges of extor u and iueompiete: condition of th'e expo ion for the press: --Ufounded~ rumors have been ceirculated the effect that the Cotton States and In rntionaI exNposition is not .comp)lete'. I :u it myV duty to make an official and au :ritatve anno)uncment that the exposi u i: omplete and ready for the elesent rtinv. The reports that extortion is by prietied upon visitors and charges~ i' - .easedi are untrue. Reasonable prices are nrged in every instance. ined) --C_ A. _OWEmn: President."