The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, September 24, 1895, Image 1

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TRI-WEEKLY EDITION. WINNSBORO, S. C., SEPTEMIBER 24, 1895.184 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NOW IN SESSION AT THE STATE CAPITAL. Many Important Measures Introduced. The Proceedings from Day to Day. ANOTIIER SENSATIONAL DAY. A Newspaper's Criticism of the Pre ciding Offleer of the Ccnvention Causes Some Stirring Scenes. The constitutional convention on Thurs day, the ninth day, devoted practically ite whole day's session to the discussion of the Patterson resolution to denounce the editor ial statement in thf State newspaper, and via dicate Governor E vans. president of the con vention. from the charge of wilfully misstat ing the vote on a resolution Monday last, and there was another sensational session in consequence. Things were lively from start to flnisb. and particularly when Se-,ator Till man made one of his hottest speeches. point ing his finger at Editor Gonzales, who was on the floor of the hall until the vote had been taken and the amended Patterson reso Iution had been passed by a vote of 123 to 23. It was a matter of great public interest and the gall(:ries uere filled with spectators from the time the day's proceedings were opened until the final vote was taken about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Aside from this matter there was no other feature of the day's ses sic., though a great many ordinances and resolutions -f more or less importance were presented near the close of the day's ses sion. Mr. Patterson presented a substitute for his resolution introduced yesterday, which concluded as follows: "Resolved, First, that said editorial state ment is unsupported by facts. -Senator Irby baving announced upon the floor of the con vention that the announeement of said vote by the president w,.s correct, and as said editorial is a refle:tion upon the honesty and integrity of the p:esident of this convention, and an insult to this body, be it "Resolved. Second that the convention desires to express its entire confidence in the integrity, honesty and fairness of our presi dent, the Hon. John Gary Evans. and we do hereby declare the statementin the aforesaid editorial to be unsustained by the facts and untrae. "Resolved, Third, That we consider the editorial in question an abuse of the privilege granted to the press in admitting itA mem bers to the floor of the convention." Mr. Patterson made quite a speech on the resolution, saying it was rebuke that they owed to the people to make. They, as a convention, had a right to revoke the priv ileges granted the press and could punish for contempt, but this he refrained from urging because he did not wish the writer of the defamatory article to appear as r ma'tyr. Let it not go on the world that Theysustained the charges made against their president. He called upon them to_reb&tek the slander. Col. Aldrich offered ti-folowing as an amendment to Mr. Patterson's resolutions to -ubtituted twTe third resolution: newspaper, the State, has abused the privileges allowed to the press by this convention, and that for the balance of the session its representatives be denied. admission to the floor of the convention.and that the sergeant-at arms be charged with the enforcement of resolution." Col. Aldrich in his speech said they all knew that the elevating influence exercised on society by the press was gone. Tkey all kncew that in the morning when they saw something in a p!aper of a sensational and defamatory nature they never even bothered themiselves to find out if it was true or not. A.ny honest man, particularly their president. could afl'ord not to notice it at all. His im pulse would have been not to notice it at all.I Tepaper had abuised the privilege given it ard the only legitimate thing fo'r them to do - vas to cut off that privilege, that the e"en vention had given it. The representatives of the press were granted the privilege to sit there and report the pri,oedings of the "on .'ention for the befit of the rilblic aind for their own financial advancemnent, so loing a:s tion could do was to put them out. A strong speech was made by ex-Governor ~ n which he 'tated that Col. Aldrich's resolu t ion should not be adopted, because the re po~rter of the paper .on the floor had de meaned himself as a gentlemaa and fur nished fair and full reports. He had no ob jection to re-affirming his coniidence in the president and thought it well. sds Many speeches were made on both sds some taking the position that in stating that the second vote bore out what it was claimed the first vote was, it was requiring them to swear what they knew was not true, although the president bra' been honestly mistaken in announeing it. Many were op posed to the convention taking any notice of it. Mr. Aldrieh's resolution was tabled. Senator Tillman made one of his hottest speeches. drawing the factional lines, and saying that it was not a personal matter, whiere vou could go frail a man with a stick. Ponigto Editor Gonzales : "But such things are beneath the dignity of that gen -tleman over there. who has dished out more hell-fire and damnation in this State than has come from any mouth save mine." Mr. Gonzales smiled and bowed ironically. Fac tional feeling was there; it was cropping out on all sides. He jumped <n Conservative members. Governor Sheppard later resent ed the motives imputed to himself and other Conservatives. man demanded the roll call. The Patterson resolution was adopted byv a vote of 123 to 23, some ten or twenty members having their reasons for their votes spread on the journal. Later Tillman apologized to the Conserva tive members for the language he had used in regard to their motives, saying that their arguments had appeared specious to him. During the day a petition was received from the State WV. C. T. U., asking the con vention to raise the age of consent from 10 tc 18years. 8Mr. Kiugh. of Abbeville, offered the follow ing: "'That the General Assembly shall make ample provision for the maintenance of pub lie roads and shall levy annually a capita tion tax not exceeding one dollar and fity cents on each person liable to road duty and also a tax on vehicles which shall be kept -and used exclusively for the construction and renair of the public roads in the county herein such tax is collected. Providedl, at any persons so taxed shall ha.ve the ht to commute his c:apitation -coad tax work on publig roads." r. G. P. McKagen offered the following: at no Senator or Representative during erm for which he shall have been elected 1 be appointed or elected to any civil of of profit or trust under the State." r. J. C. Otts offered the following: "That hain gang shall be established in every unty in the State; provided, That this section shall not orevent two or more coun ties from consolidating their respective ch:ain gangs." Mr. J. C. Ot:ts offered the following: "That the Legislature .hall have the right to license .1e carrying ot concealed weapons under such regulations as may be prescribed by law." Mr. Otts also offered the following: "That Sno mn:r *-r ;"rson under twenty-one yeas - o f age shall le required to perorod6 or be required to pay a commutation tax iS lieu thereof.' Mr: J. 0. A. Moore offered the followingi "That it shall be unlawful for any person, company or corporation to require of Its servakts or employers. as a condition of their employment or otherwise, any contract or agreement whereby such persons, com pany or corporatiox shall be released or dis ckarxed from liability or respoisilpility on account of personal injuries received bysuch servants. or employees while in the service of such persons. company or corporation by reason (.f the negligence of such person, company or corporation. or the agents or employees thereof, and such contracts shall be absolutely null and void." Mr. J. 0. A. Moore offered the following: "That no railroad or other transportation company shall grant free passes or tickets. or passes or tickets at a discount to members of the Legislatere or any State. district, county or municipal oftleers, except railroad commissioners. The Legislature shall enact suitable laws for the det-,?Lion, prevention and punishment of violations of this pro vision." Mr. Moore offered the following : "That every person. corporation or company that may commit a homieide through wilful act, omission or gross negligence shall be respon sible in exemplary. damages to the surviving husband, wife or heirs at !aw of him or her, without regard to any criminal proceeding that may be had for such homicide." THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. Mr. Mower. from the committee on de claration of rights. presented the following Important article of the Constitution, which has, it is understood. been practically agreed to by the committee already: An Ordinance Relating to the Declaration of Rights. Be it ordained by the people of South Carolina. in convention assembled, and by the authority of the same, that the following provisions shall constitute the declaration of rights to be embodied in this Constitution as Article 1: Section 1. All political power is vested in and derived from the people only. therefore they have the right at all times to modify their form of governmenti.n such manner as they may deem expedient when the publio good demands. Sec. 2. All powers not herein delegated are reserved to the people nor shall the enu meration of certain rights herein be con strued-to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Sec. 3. Representation shall be apportion ed according to ponulation. See. 4. The General Assembly ought fre quently to assemble for the redress of griev ances and for making new laws as the com mon good may require. See. 5. The General Assembly shall make no law respecting an establishment of re ligion or prohibiting the free exercise there of provided that the liberty of conscience hereby declared shall not justify practices inconsistent with the peace and moral safety of society; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government or any department thereof for a redress of grievances. See. G. The pr"ivileges and immunities of citizens of this State and of the United States, under this Constitution shall not be abridged. nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty or property without due pro cess of law: nor shall any person be denied equal protection of the law. . See. 7 All property subjecto'rtaxation shall beta:dn.propertion' to its value. -196e. 8. No tax. subsidy, charge, impost tax or duties shall be establi.shed, made or lcvied under any pretext whatsoever without the consent of the people or their representa tives lawfully assembled. Set. 9. No bill of attainder. ex post facto law. law impairing the obligation of con tracts, nor law granting any tit,e of nobility r hereditary emolu ment shall be passed and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. See. 10. The right of citizens of this State to vote shall not be dented or abridged on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude. See. 11. The ribht of suffrage as regulated in this Constitution shall he protected by laws regulating eie-:tions and probb..iting un der adequate penalti.'s all undue influences from power. i.ribery, tumult or improper conduet. Sec. 12. All elections shall be free and opecn and every lnhabitant of tnis State pos seeing the qualifieations provided for in this Coustitution shall have an equal right to 'lect olll"ers and b.e eler-ted to fill public of Sec. 13. No property qualifieation shall be necessary for an election t'o or the holding of any ceficee. and no ofilee shall be created, the eleetion cr appointml2'nt to which shall be created, the e-tion ora ppointment to which shall lbe for a longer term t.han good behav ior. After the adoption oif this Constitution whoever shall fight a duel or send or accept a czhallenige for that purpose, or be an alder or abetter in fighting a duel shall be deprived of holding any oilice of honor or trust in this State and'shall be otherwise punished as the law enall prescribe. See. 14. Temporary absence from the State shall not forfeit a residencA once ob tained Sec. 15. The power of suspending the laws or the execution of the law shall only be ex ercised by the General Assembly or by its authority in piarticular eases expressly pro vided for by it. Sec. 16. In the government of this State, the legislativs. executive and judicial powers of the government shall be forever separate and distinct from each other, and no person or persons exercising the functions of one of said departments shall assume or discharge the duties of any other. Sec. 1'7. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly con vited, shall exist in this State. Section 18. All eourts shall be public and every per-son shall have speedy remedy for wrongs sustained. Sec. 19. The right of the people to be se cure in their persons. houses, papers and ef fects against urasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no war rants shall i'sue but upon probable cause uported by oath or arnrmation, aud par ticlarly describing the place and the- person or thing to be seized. Sec. 20. No person shall he held to answer for any crime where the punishment extceeds a fine of $100 or imprisonment for thirty days. unless on a presentment or indictment of 'a grand jury of the county where the Trime shall have been committed, except in eases arising in the laud or naval forces or in the naval militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger, nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to ie put twice in jeopardy of life or liberty; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor be de prived of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor shall private proper by be taken .- public use without just com ensation. ~Sec. 21. in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right toea speedy and public taial by an impartial jury of the county where the crime shall have been committed and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to .be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor and to ha7e the assistance of counsel In his defense. Sec. 22. Excessive bail shall not be re quired.- nor excessive fines imposed, nor ruel and unusual punishments inflicted, nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained. Cororal punishment shall not be inflicted. The~power to punish for contempt shall not in any case extend to imprisonment in the State penitentiary. Sec. 23. All persons shall before conviction be bailable by sufficient sureties except for capital offences, when the proof Is evident or the presumption great. Sec. 21. In all indictments or prosecutions for libel the truth of the alleged libel may be givn in evidence and the iur Shan~ be Judges of tbe law and the facts. Sec. 25. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended when in cases 'of insurrection. rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. Sec. 26.- No person shall be imprisoned for debt except in cases of fraud, and a reason able amount of property as a homestead, shall be exempted from seizure or sale for the Payment of debt or liabilities. except for the payment of such debt or liabilities as are provided for in this Constitution. Sec. 27. In all civil action, formerly known as suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed $20, the right of trial by jury shall be preserve i inviolate. See. 28. A well regulaited militia being ne. cessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to koep and bear arm= shall not be infringed. As in times of peae armies are dangerous to liberty, they shall not be maintIned without the consent of the General:Wembly. The military power of the State shall always be held in subordi nation to the civil aut horities and be govern ed by it. No soldier shall in time of peae be quartered in any house without the con sent of the owner. nor in time of war but ir the manner to be pr- s-rib-d by law. See. 29. No person shall in any case, be subject to ma'rtial law or to any pains or pen alties by virtue of that law except by those employed in the army and navy of the Uni ted States anl except the militia in actual service by the authority of the General As sembly. See. 30. No person who has conscientious scrupples against .e;srins arms shall be com* pelled to do so,. hei be shall pay an equiva lent for perso:a! ervice. Sec. 31. All navi-abl waters shall fore ver remain publie hi:hwmys free to the citi zensof the Stat- and the United States with out tax. impost. or toll im posed: and no ta, toll. impnz-t or vJ:i!uffa.' .shall be imposed, demanded -,r recril -rvin the owner of any merchandise e.-ownedity for the use of the shores or any whart eeted on the shores or in or over the waters r: navigable stream unless the sam Lt.- :!isorized by the Gener al_Assembly S... 8...T..:-r.-.-....il i C.siitu tio~n shall [I,ua.o n aa:! .: - .!- t Le mandator. 2n Iei..y :'i not merely direetory ixel t whvw .go.sy made di rectory or rtnisMer ly (it own t_inis. MRS. YOUNG'S SP'CU At the Constitutional Convention At Able Document. Governor Evans introduced Mrs. Virginia D. Young, as "one of ow own citizens." Mrs. Young made a lengthy, strong and forcible presents tion of the cause so dear to her. ThE following portion of her address.-howi its character. She spoke as follows: Gentlemen of the Constitutional Conven tion: Because I believe in the inherent goodness and greatness-or every man to a certain ex tent, and of tIe instinctive justice that tugm at his heart strings. I come before you with confidence to make my plea for the uplitt o! women. - As men and women we are but halves of a great whole, and the whole suffers when in justice is done to the half. At article in the September -number of Harper's Magazine findstie raison d'etre for the late horrible Armenian massacre, in the religion professed by those barbarians. That religion embodied inthe false prophet Mahomet, had for its cornterstone the degra dation of women. This man, who in his later years of con(uest and absolute power, "changed his wife every day." made it a fundamental tenet of the religion he taught that women were to be the puppets for the gratification of man's passions. and this atti tude has continued to characterize the rela tionship of men and women in Mohammedan countries to this day. Dr. Thompson testifies that children born in the harem learn from mothers to hate in tensely as the earlist of all lessons, and what wonder that this hate incarnates itselJ inla nation of highwaymen and assassins whc practically deny all true goodness among them, and are ready when oppo rtunity offers to massacre unarmed men. wom en and chil dren by wholesale. I turn from this repellant picture to m-y native State. where it has been customary to set up woman on a pedest al to bie worshipped. Wel-l, we are very pirstical these days ins this Stato, and very fewv fiminis can afford to have the woman part of it setting up on a pedestal all day doing nothing for sef suip. port awd h-elp of the family. The exi::encies of the times have sent women and girls of the most jyfined and t-eusive ideas out into the world, where no degree of tihe "-shrink ing." or "Clnig. or "spir'il can save them from enco.uterin)g men on a purely buasiness b asis. These bunsiness men have an immsens ad vantageC (ver be as wom-n. be-n.use they vote and tihe women 'nonot. I b4eives every man in this convention, when he reflects on this disadvant: ue of working women-I mean all who do anything, whether teachisg or keeping house-I believe. I say. that when von gentlemen give your minds to coLmider ing t~his injunstie you will hasten to wipe it out. Some of you h-ave daughters who are the light of your cves. Thank heaver, it is so. How can y'ou 'withhold from these beings. dearer to~v-on than your own lives, what will be to thenm a shield andi a defence in their struggle for existeznce? My brothers, it i.,beauise of the awful cor Iruetion of polit"'- th.st we women (who keep the churches gohing and the p'reacbers from starving, and whno don' t incerease the peni. tentiary fo: cesr uwant to 'ome in with mops and brooms an1d atiood of pure water to cleanse away the 'orruptiont. You are not or equails in the power of puttini the rights, though I freely admit your siu periority in mny things. But try us in this eruiahl time and see if we dont make this m nifientI State of ours such a safe and w holesome habitation that emi. rat will begin to flow in--those emigrants that have heen kept out by reports of the too ready pistol andI the prevalence of mob maw, IGentlemen. if you knew how hard I have 'worked to get statist; ' s to piresent you as to the amount or property owns-d and taxes naid 'no women in Sousth Carolina you would evmpaths:e with um' I know. I do not 'oubt. how ever, that you1r personal knsowl edge will -onlirm whant I say about the v'ery large proportion of tanx's paid by women in South C arolin;', but supplement and go far beyoend my~ owvn knowledge. Of all the men and w omen I've written to earnestly entr'eat ing" them to steusre figures from the auditors' books. very few hsave responded with the flgure-, but many have written to be excused because of thre "greatness of the task." stat. ing that to arrive at "the numiber of women taxpayers and property owned by them would reqjuire two days' hard work to the country." I have, howev-r. a reliable list of taxes raid by womens and property own by them in thre" co.unties-Newl.erry. Lexington and Forene. In Lexngton the property returned by wome-n fo r t;sxati'n; foots usp $528.400: in Florence county' 5550.000. or 20 per cent. of whole. The womn's of of Ne wberry pay 68.901.42 of taxe-s on property valued at $770.'167. I do not doub't that there is a similiar portion. or even larger, of prop erty owned and taxes paid by women. in nearly every county in the State. Toting is not a matter of physical strength. is it? It seems to me it's a matter of judg mnent. principle- and I '-an't se- how you can get r'oind adnaitting our q1ualileations in that lin. mine ve.mn have opened the doors of the South Carolina College to women, and blesed be heaven> recognized the value of the State's daughtersby~ providing the Girls' Industriail C olege as "h offset to Clemson. From wshat I can lenN of the history of South Carolina. ours was"-mong the very first of the original Stat's t'MaiSe the cry: -We will not p'ay taxes to a go&ernmlent in whichb we are ns'ot represented." ~ And ye" roy brothers, that is the ecc of t+e+tdnaina w-omen 9f annth Carolin.l to. day. It was dot only in Boston harbor that tea was thrown overboard. but also in ouz old Georgetown and Cbarleston. This was done in the spirit o[ resistance to the tax im posed on those who. so far from having any voice in the parliament of Britain. had for. eigners foisted over i hem as governors. Men poured out their blood resisting this tyranny. Do you lciow that the same blood flow. not only in your veins. but in ours, and that we, too. think it hard and cruel "tyranny" that we must pay taxes to support the Stat,3 governmert and have no voice in electing the men who make the laws and administer them? I do uot believe what the Russian poet says: "God has forgotten where he hid the key of woman's emancipation." I be lieve the key of ours is in your hands, gen. tlemen of the convention. and that you are going to unlock with it the door of freedom to the women of South Caro.ina. I bope that you will not hesitate to put woman's suffrage in the new Constitution be cause it is a novelty. There was a time whei tho locomotive was a novehy, when the steamboat was a novelty. Very few people like to take the lead H what is new and strange. but will trot alon, serenely according to old methods for no better reason than because "it was good enough for my father and mother." BIrs. Young here cited the opposition tri the introduction of umbrellas into England, saying that the people were opposed to them because it was a violation of God's statement that he sent the rain on the just and the un Sjust. She also related the opposition to the introduction of locomotives, and proceeded: So women will g> on being sweethearts, wives and mothers, and loving to dress and enjoying men's attentions just the same when they vote as they do now. And I do say that there are no finer gentlemen In the world than right here in my native State. If you want poecedents, however, on the lin~s I advocate. I have a lot of testimony from various State officials in Wyoming and Colorado. She went on to recite some data obtained from Colorado. Mrs. Young continued presenting many other points with as great force and effect, a:ad frequevtly she display e. considerable humor. She dwelt very earnest.y on the point that wo man as a taxpayer was entitled by every sense ot right and justice to a vote, w%hen she paiu her taxes. She kept her audienceb in a good humor and frequently it showed its approba tion of her utterances. LATEST NEWS IN BRIEF1 GLEAINGS FROM MANY FONT6. Impist a enings,- Both H(.me and Foreiga, Briefly Told. NewsT Southern Notes. The Sons of -eterau!ected W. H.tRrs sell, of Rush Centre, Ras., commander-in chief at Knoxville. Six negroes have died at Camilla, Ga., from poison in their food at a basket picni,. It is supposed pies cooked in tin plates were the poisonous viands. Mr. James C. Mills, the oldest printer In Baltimore, and who had been employed on the Sun since 1842, died on Monday. He was born in Belair in 1819. At Dallas. Tex.. the Corbett-Fitzsimmons match will come off. In the test glove con test case before Judge Hurt. of the Court of Criminal Appeals, held that there is no law in Texas against prize lights. A soda-water fountain which had been set out in the sun, exploded at the corner of Peachtree and Decatur streets in Atlanta. The result was that J. A. Almand was deat ened in his left oar and W. 0. Douglasa stunned into insensibility. Political Doings. The New Jersey Republican convention nominated John W. Griggs for Governcr. Its platform: -Opposition to any attempt to impose upon this cou.ntry a debased or de preciated currency. The New York State Republican Conven tion in session at Saratoga on Tuesday re nominated the entire old ticket on a straight *ballot, and the incumbents will again go be fore the people. The resolutions adopted omit the excise plank. reaffirm adherence to the policy of protection and demand sucn legislation as will afford an adequate income tax for the mainterance of the government while giving encouragement to American -capital and remunerative wages to American laborers: denounced the income tax as pass ed by Congtess; declared -belief that "the - nation's hono.r as wellas the material inter ests of our citizens demand the masutenance of a national-currency, every dollar of which. whether in gold. silver or paper notes shasli be of equal value and equal debt-paying or purchasing power. and we declare our un alterable opposition to the free unlimited coinage of silver;" the administration of Governor Morton was hearti lyendorsed and' he is presented as the candidate of the Re publicanus of the Empire State for the presI dency of the United States. Foreign. In the Province Volkynia, Russia, between Au2:. 18 and Aug. 24 inclusive. 5,049 cases >f * holera were reported and 2,134 deaths from that disease. In the Province of Podolis., from the 21st to the 31st of August, 101 cases of cholera and 45 deaths were reported. Washington. The Treasury stated gold reserve Saturdia y at the close of business stands at $95.862,3i8. The Treasury was informed that 8150,000 was withdrawn at New York for export and $75.000 deposited in exchange for currenny. Milscellaneous. Peter Kiernan, editor of the New Orleans E vening Telegram, was fined $100 Thursday for abusing the privileges of the press in libeling the district attorney. .BRoss C. Van Bokelen, receiving teller of the Merhants' Loan and Trust Company at Chicago, is misAing with about $50,000 of the inoney belonging to the institution. Hei * upposed to be in Mexico. The Pennsylvania Railroad in testing a new engine from the company's shops made a remarkably quick run between Jersey City and Philadelphia. The distance between theI two cities is 89.76 miles and the r-uz was: made in 90 mInutes. Richmond Tobacco Market. Sun-cured Tobacc:o-Lugs, $2 to 8.5; short leaf, $5 to $8: long leaf. $8 to $12; wrappers, $12 to $20. Bright Tobaccos-Smokers: Common, $4 to $5: medium. $6 to $7; fine,. $8 to $10. Cut ters: Commnon, $10 to $12; medium, $16 tc $18: flue. $22.50 to $25; fancy, 827.50 to 830. Fillers: Coms-non. $3.50 to $4; medium. $4.50 to $5.50; :;ood. $6 to $8; line, $10 tc $12. Wrapi'.rs: Com mson. 812 to $15: me dium. $15 to $20: good, $2.5 to $30: tine. $3l to $40: fau-y. 45.00 to 50.00. Wrappers. Ma hogany: Commnon. 12.00 to 15.00: miedinrn, 20.00 to 22.00: good. 25.00 to 32.50: fine, 35.00 to 40.00; fam-v. 45.00 to 50.00. Dark Tob'bac.-os-Lu.s, 2.00 to 4.25; short leaf, 4.50 to 6.50; l>ag leaf, 6.00 to 8.00; selec tons. 12.00 to 15.00. Prince Eitel frit::. lKaiser Wilhelm3 second eor, is t weve years old and weighs 101 oaluti, t wenty-two pounds more thai THE ATLANTA FAIR OPENS1 CLEVELAND PRESSED THE BUT TON. A GREAT PARADE. The International and Cotton State* Exposition is Now in Full Blast. With the auspicious accompaninent of mil Itary pomp and civic dignity, leading an im mense crowd of people, and ionored by the presence of the dignitaries of the Church and repr"sentatives of foreign countries, the Cot ton States and International Exposition was f . rmally opened to the world on Wednesday afternoon. The parade was a brilliant one, lacking the tedious encumbrance of a great miscella neous throng. It was composed entirely of military bodies and bands of music, headed by the United States Fifth Infantry and the Washington Artillery, of New Orleans, and followed by several regiments of Georgia State troops. The parade moved promptly from the starting point at the center of the city, at the .intersection of Broad and Marietta streets, and was about an hour in traversing the distance of three miles to the exposition grounds, reachiug there about 3:30 o'clock The exercises at the auditorium were im posing and impressive. It was a gratifying surprise that the auditorium, though crowd ed, was comparatively cool and the acoustic properties were almost perfect, so thdt the spcakers could be -distinctly heard in all parts of the building. President Collier re ceived a great ovation when he arose to speak. as did Mrs. Joseph Thompson, presi dent of the Women's Board. The speeches were all good. and the ora tion by Judge Emory Speer, of the United States Court, was a profound utterance. The hit of the day'was by Booker T. Wash ington, the representative of the negro race, who, in a 20 minute speech. evoked greater applause than all the others put together. He seemed to have the ear. of the audience, and pleased both whites and blacks. Some ultra conservative people who have doulted the propriety of inviting a negro to take a prominent part in the programme were enthisiastic in their praise of hisspeech, and it is generally conceded that its effect will be a happy one. The exposition is much nearer completion than tho public had supposed. The actual opening revealed a series of displays nearer completeness than any ever shown by an ex position at its opening. THE PRESSING OF THE BUTTON. A great crowd of people gathered in the Machinery Hall before the close of the ex ereises in the auditorium, waiting to see the majestic influence of the touch that would come over the wires for a; thousand miles to set the maebineryin motion. The big Frick engine was in readiness, and a row of bat terie s rested near the engine. Just at 5:54:20 President touched tho button, the 4Wtle sounded. the engine moved off at a f .y-;gait and nl -the machiniry'folY6*ed .'he great crowd sent up a shout that shok .he roof. Almost simultaneously hun dred- of are lights flashed out on the plaza, and myriads of incandescent lights gleamed and siintillated from the cornices and domes of t1hte Woman's Building and the Govern ment luilding. It was just dusk, and in the gathering darkness the shouts of the crowds, the flash of the lights and the noise of the bombs of the Presidential salute emphasized the formal opening of the exposition. The transportation facilities proved equal 1 to the o-(asion and there was no confusion. With double tracks on the Southern Railway to Atlanta and lines of street railways, the crowds suffered no inconvenience. The ter minal facilities were fully adequate, and there was every facility .for ingress and egress at the grounds. At Buzzard's Bay the President receivedl the following telegram before 5 o'clock from cx-Governor Bullock, chairman on the com mittee of arrangements: ''The committee on ceremonies are in structed by the President and director for andi by the board of directors to express to the Presid'ent their high appreciation and thanks for the great interest the President has shown. both in this and on other occa sions. and in behalf of the success of the ex position. Under the guidance of the hand of President Cleveland, one of the most im portant commercial andl industrial events ever attempted in oursection has now start ed on its career for the upbuilding of our material interests by closera commercial re lations with all portions of our co'untry and with sister republics South of the United States. The mingling of people from all se 'tions, made possible by the President's a pproval and aid to our efforts, will render future ill-will between the sections impossi ble." At the request of the committee, the P'resident was asked to send his message be fore the button was pressed in order that it might be read to the vast assemblage. Mur. Cleveland kindly consented and wired the Ifollowing at about 3:30 o'clock: "To the President and Board of Directors of the Cotton States and International Expo sition, Atlanta, Ga.: Fully appreciating the value and importance of the exposition in augurated to-day, I am especially gratified to be related to tts inception and progress and to participate in its opening ceremonies. I sincerely congratulate those whose enter prise and energy have accomplished' such splendid results, a'nd heartily wish that the exposition they have set on foot will be com pletely successful in consummating all the good results contemplated by Its promotera. "Gsovra CravEArn." TIE ORATOB OT TEE DAY.. Hon. Emory Speer, the orator of the day,. delivered an ~eiaborate ora ion, -which was aprplauded all the' way through. Following a re the most interesting portions of .Judge Speer's speech: "Ti;s indeed a happy day for our coun try. Cold and dull must be the nature of th'at mian who is insensit:le. to these convinc ing proo;fs gathered that the world may see the ad'van'emnent of our people on all paths trendini: t"ward a more perfect civilization. IThe spe'tacle is indeed naspielious. TheW as tounding mnanifestatious of the energy of modern untwens exalt while they amaze the un'lerstanding. They elevate and enrich the im agi natli and yet it is impossible for that lively fa.-;lty to conceive the complete re'all tv of the' wonidrous andi im~perial display. Such is l: he unblin;e' panorama this exibi tnof t v' posibilities of the vouing anud po t a naion will ulace 'efore t:.e ,entient and oleervant"', mIn.i'CeiYLable significant of mightful natinaL i'e and' w-ighity b':yond' est"'imat'on~ in is lesso"'s of patriotic duty to Ithe pepleto whom. ijcordin;g to their sev "ta ab'iliy Ias in1th p'arable of the~ talents. I'hee r'-ti'tialjtfe" for the' advancement of mind hav" b'een entrus-t'd ly the Master. "The "iubstanitial mragniheenee and henefl cert humeaness of this vast underta king a nosiblIu1 only to the resolution and ac;tlvit'es of a free piople. An autocr'at ight rear v ast a-seinIIv. Au Areti"' niln -n the r de'rs it Finliad. in summelir a hea~Ip of mi l path'less~u fits an'd dIe:p~ meas- tin~ a vear wa Tiled with a poplulat.ion nl 200.000't 1m. hom the Czar Pet-' hid for.ibly 's h'e br'"- ht from thei i a,t plan 'f Central Rus.i' . I- sandyv A-i ,2 Astrakhain. the i-rtile r. .w alon the Iin. and the blea m--wriswiih pirej.' into the C.aspIiri'X1 .x Wh rIs har 4tre'ts. ialaces and i fr' ee w'.r' e :- t''d at tIe will of the . .sif hei'.',--"--d theQ neeromaIntie Ilau ii ii the Arabiain -toy 'a'd \~ 'ltaire: --T .L.r hoi" was a for' e uDOl Fdtule. Neith JTDGE EXORT SPEER. (Oratcr o the day at opening exercises oi the Exposition grounds.) or the inundation which razed his works, nor the sterility of the soil. nor the ignorance of the workmen. nor even the mortality which carried off about 200.000 men in the beginning of the undertaking, could divert him from his firm resolution.' Thus the ma Ierial victorics of autocracy have been won, without rd to the agony inflicted upon its subjects. Thus St. Petersburg was com pleted. But that stately abode of bureau crney and despotism is not more b!neftcent tr. the people whos simple ancestors died un der the knout for its construction than one of those fantastical palaces of ice which an nually glitter on the wintry banks - of,the Neva. "Not so with creations as this of a. fee people. They are enlivened by the benevo Ienee of great and generous men. They are encouraged by the fostering hand of sympa thic popular government. They are symp torms of vi.-orous national life. They are at tended with warm demoustrations of concern by a people uni racticed in the arts of dis simulatiou. Whether the sagacious people of t he British Isles provide and perpetuate the l tiei.t glories of the Crystal Palace, or the brilliant Frenehmen, while the soil of the R-publc is vet scarred with hoof-marks of - the.-Prussianhlans. by gigantic expositions .dcmoustrate their unimpaired power, or ,irteful America lavishes her own bounty, and bctomes trustee for a willing tribute from mankind in reverence for that sailor philosoph,r, whose genius and constancy disecv' r(d half the habitable globe, or these typical Gzorgians consecrate their disinter ;ted ' ives to demonstrate to all men the itreiigth of Southern character, and the plertitude of Southe a resources and the adap-tabiliv of our country.as-a home foz unim::gncd millions of prospe pous and hap pv proplo, in any event. - creation of t people's prophetic i 4fnee, <f their resprearier.t public virtu at-ourished into -:elerous activity .byg hand of p!pIl ,e.ne.titumtionatg& ormeA .e .Uere the liberal and inspring purpose is he advancement of our country. It kindles th- imagination of the projector when the -,right conception dawns upon his teeming anlY. It reminds the capitalist that econo nv in its oroadest sense is a distributive vir te. With free band then he' makes his xi alh a willing servant of public honor. It .:rates the genius of the architect and the irv facips become a thing of beauty and y !orevvr. It give nrecision to the trained ve and power to t* a uervous arms of the tifi"erM. It musien"y rings in the trowels f th inasons. It crackles like rifle fire in h.. hammers of the carpenters. Every deto ation of the last which swiftly sinks the I:nldation of the great buildings to the bed ,eck swi.-eepinz down from the mountains is a salvo of triumph to the civilization of a .:t people. Over the fair and mighty t ruturvs streams the ensign of a nation's onor. Beautiful flag of the Rep,ublic ! All he fairedt concepitions of government, of so iil ordcr, of human accomplishment-all that promotes the perfectibility of .mnan are typified by thee. Law and progress are thy eolor gua'rd. Their reviving and assuring presence is borne on every zephyr that woos the mountain and tempers the vale, and brings life and strength to the increasing millions to whom thou art an inspiration and a joy. But not to them alone. - fumanity with all its fears. With its hopes for future years. Are all with thee. arc all with thee.' "Here o'er the mountain waves of the ocean have been brought the treasures of other lands. From the Gulf of Mexico to the Straits of 31agellan our sister repubhes roudly come.bringing with willing hands of the bounty the God of nature has bestowed pon them~. Comes the Argentine Republic. her territory greater than all Central and Western Eu rope. stretching from the Atlantic -to the summits of the Andes. which guide the mariner who sails the distant Pacifle, in latitude exceeding our own. whose beautiful -eity is the Paris of South America and whose galant people have twice ea .tu red invading B~ritisa armies larger than those surrendered by Burgoyne at Saratogo and Cornwallis at Yorktown ." Judge Speer then referred in glowing terms to the wonde.rful physicial resources of Venezuela. Costa Rica. Salvador and 3Iexico. Of the educational.effect of great expo si tions he said: 'Besides who can doubt the educativa cfect 'of such proofs of human advancemert a this Exposition? A lad can walk through these halls and acquire knowledge of which Sir Isaae yewton or Sir Francis Bacon were ignorant. He may behold dainty products .f all lands for which Lucullus might have sighed in vain. He may watch the noiseless operations of edgines at Watt or Stephenson could not eveni 'onceive: models or shipt vInch would have been deemed impossibie v Nelson. e-r Rlodney. by Bainbridge or De -tur; arms and munmtions of war the mnen 'ton of which 31arlborough or Frederick, Wlngton' or Nanc-l'eon would have pro noinn'ed the dreams of a madman. 'Home keepng youths. ' said Shakespeare, -hav4 1yrhml wits.' The powe- of the brair 'ar lie te frein the~ flint.' A 'oithsion witl bigh 'jt stel o jf othe'r mminds is e- .tial t< evoke the salbrd spark. This Expositiet -areu lly st md-ld will ibe a liberal educatio; ir thousamis w ho attend it. To beattaiced knowldge nn:st be sou-.:ht. and what joy i imparts! What mmetlers to the igno;ant mat th clear and lueet glorie's of the dawn, th< ephyvrs whi'ch atteud it and scatter incens to d'elighted natrure& Wh.at the mysteriou *domeof heaven infad with patines of pur .gold, what the rolling billows of the deel Iand dark blue ocean. what the might: grandeur of the storm. the life-giving breeze the green fields, the placid intelligence o domestic animals " 'Apriros bya river's brim And it is nothing more.' "But to him whose mind is stored witi knowedge every suggestion of natu re bring its joy and fills his heart and ineffable charm "But the utility of this Exposition to ott State and our section is especially signitleanm and especially oppOrtune. Th"' prophCer 0 the gener ous Bishop Berkeleo, the friend an' associate of Ogleehorpe. has been comn oleted: Westward the ec-.rae of empire takes i waou ieacts al.readv ypast: The fif th shall close the dramra with the day-. Time's no,blest offspring is the last.' '"I hear declare that the so-ealled 'raea Iquestion' does not exist. There are milbi)n of colored people who live and who will h,v among many more millions of whic peopit whysben S0vanh forre a race issue? Hon est ind eeceiit men will accord to the ne r that just measure of favor as a member of so ciety the laws afford him, and which his conduct deserves, and the long processes 9f time will determine whether his presence is a benetit or an injury to himself and to the land to which he is now as warmly attached as his white neighbors. No process of re. soning. no fertility of conjecture will afford any other solution of the socalled question. Nyhy agitate it then? Its unnecessary djcus ;on has withheld from the resources ofthese States the fructifying hand of the industrious white me'. whether farmer or artisan who 'arnin; a bare support elsewhere, could in th!s geiai clime. win an abundance of which h:1 nver dreamed. It is, moreover more - ruvl to the negro than it is detrimental to :.,! white mn for the prejudice it awkens .:I:es lie idle, ignorant and lawless to be Smnie the suspicious enmies of the negro. is, ind. 1. a::-ouree of alarm to those in Smeuio'us and rcspectable negroes wh se in t-ih:-et la.,or and self-denying habits ;:,v! slupprted their families educated thir children and . added millions mI:,: vi to the taxable value of : nes: There is one thing since his ' ipaltion the South has ever guaranteed. t. *,: negro. that is no matter what histrade 1r n-vuipation, the priviloge of earning his It is a. commo- spectacle upon structures of every character to behold num bers of white and negro mbohanics working side by side. -I have regretted to learn that this is not true in the Northern States. I was informed by th' pWsident of atechnolo gical school from Philadelphia, a man of great intelligenie and greSt benevolence, that they yearly turned out numbers of col ored youth trained, skilful in the trades they had mastered. but that if one of these men should be employed as a skilled laborer on any work. every member of the tiade unions would quietly gather up his tools and quit the job. No such feeling has existed here. The opportunity for technical education is the greatest benefaction his friends can be stow on the negro. The-skill of the graduate of an industrial school is his capW tal. He has been taught to appreciate the dignity of labor. He is not striving for the unattaian ble. He is a useful citizen from the start. He begins his lifework on a solid basis. How incomparably superior is his condition to that oone of his race who.Is trained for a profession where he must depend upon the patronage and slender means of his own peo ple' or of one who has merely acquired a IA tal facility of speech. If it be said tbat-the argument would restrict the genius of the Afro-American orator (though why 'Afro' I do not know,) let-him bear in mind that it took three hundred years for the white peo pie of America to bring forth such orators as James Otis, Samuel Adams and Patrick Hen ry. A poor man should make sure the means of a livelihood before he attempts the excursions into the domain of art. Let him remember the epigrammatic language of our sagacious) president. 'It is a condition and not a theoi-y that confronts us,' and the cer tain comforts of a good home and an ample support are worth more to him than all the, < rations since Demosthenes thundered in Athens, or Cicero charmed the crowds of the Roman forum. Judge Speer then discussed at length the wonderful productiveness of - Georgia lands and their fruit andtimber,products. Of the culture and manufacture of cotton he said: "Texas is the first an& Georgia the second Ias dott6n -Statii&- In -1gqq'_A' Georgia .pt0i 4li~dced I.i25W0 bales,:TeaaadthIide Territory 2,059.000 biles. The total crop of that year was 7,550,000 bales, and it will be remembered that in 1818 the entire crop of this country was but 200,000 bales. Bat while the production of cotton has wonder fully increased, -its consumption increased proportionately. In 189.3-91 thetotal con sumption for the United States was 2,319.388 bales, of which. consumption 718,515 bales were taken by the spinners of the South, and in the consumption by -'Southern facbories Georgia -is only stroassed by .9orth and South Carolina. The consumption of cotton throughout the wurld has doubled since the year 1870. The av'rage annual increase In consumption is 245.00 bales of 400 pounds each. Of all the cotton grown in the world the United States produces 70 2-10 per cent. It should ever be borne in mind that cotton is a quick money crop. It is incomparably the chief ar iele of export from this country It was the foundation of our national credit and enabled us to redeem our national debt ~fter civil war. American cotton is held in higher esteem than anygrown elsewhiere,and it may be marketed a; less cost. I have not spoken of that beautiful grade of cotton known as sea island, which- is grown ini S outh Carolina and on. the coasts of and more latterly~ with great results in many of Ithe inland e~ountics of Georgia. Indeed, the chief sea island cotton marketof the :1d is the beautiful and thriving city of Valoata in Southern Georgia. 150 miles from the sea. But a shipload of cotton goods is Mnitely more valuale than a shipload of raw cotton and the cotton manufacturers of the South 're increasing ra pidly. Some of the largest Icotton mills in the EasternStates are moving their plaats to the Southern States. Sue eesful mill companies in Georgia and Ala bama and the Carolinas are now spending 28.000.000 in increasing their equipment and building new mills.. In 1888 the South had 180 mills, with 660 spindies and 14.300 looms. A car.eul compilation made in the spring of 194 shows 405 mills. 2.700,000 spindles and 62.000 looms, with 597,000.000 of capital in vested. These nigures were made in March. of this year by Mr. John C. Latham, of the Ne~w York Cotton Exchange, who, I believe. is an acknowledged authority. And wvhat shall we say of thisglorious city, the finest type of Southern progress? Such an ohe the Master must have had in mInd when He exclaimed: -Ye are the light of the w ord. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hd. I might enlarge on the inspiration its turdy. people gather from its bracing clime, their indefati~ahle industry, their broad and liberal talents. the cordial welcome they give the tra~ngr that is within their gates, the exemplair of municipal activity and miunicir - ~al virtu" it affords. It is American to the core. Its every expiration is a hurrah. Withine struture of the majestic Church of SW. Paul's in London there is a s' le is .srijiun in henor of .an architect, Chito pher Wrenn, who is there sleeping-'Si me. ,u:fetumi re:puiris, circumspice.' If: you would~ bebold his monument, look around v'u. This was an inscription to the mighty der. It is equally appropriate to the in:v liviia. I[ you would behold the mo ur.it. of this prcoud Georgia city, the pride of the tataoe look around you. While rc;rs :1 7- i'e!)- The death rate r.sh a m., - '.ta te is fifteen and a fr' f.:)i to a the.tisand. ad amnong the white p piepl even l"*-. The orator next sought to prove that "the peple of th~e South are distinctively a rolL I ods people." He told of the early labors of John and Charles Wesley and George hitleld, anid said :WSho can doubt that t prei n.'e in Georgia of 151,500 Methodists ad 6:0-) Th:,,tsts is due to the impetus to rlmious t on:;ht imparted by these inspired mi ionatries of Christ ?" - Foowing is Judge Speer's peroration: "H- has restored ouer souls and Is even no le ading us through green pastures and b the waters of comfort. .-And here and ni- , not beforeouir enemies, for thank God o;,.. 'itv' non'-, but bie0re'the people of the ha bit able ;rlo . He spreads the table that all mae ome nd ~- and know the bounties am benefa41-,us He has showered on -this favored people. Ands:shalwenot be worthy 'f His I ving kcindness. His care for our -est and His provisioni for our future : Yes, we shall sav with tiid psalmist of old, -Surely gaodns.fld merev shall follow us all the a:rs of our lives. and we shall dwell in the Iho~use. ol th.: Lord forever.' . The Amesrican Manni'acturer note. that lah-st revorts on the movement of Iiron ore from the Lake Superior reion statte that up to close of June Ithe shipm'nts aggregated 3,142,757 tons, an increase of 637,345 tons over those of the first-six mods iu 1894